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Kang W, Liang Q, Du L, Shang L, Wang T, Ge S. Sequential application of bFGF and BMP-2 facilitates osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells. J Periodontal Res 2019; 54:424-434. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Kang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration; School of Stomatology; Shandong University; Jinan China
- Department of Periodontology; School of Stomatology; Shandong University; Jinan China
| | - Qianyu Liang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration; School of Stomatology; Shandong University; Jinan China
- Department of Periodontology; School of Stomatology; Shandong University; Jinan China
| | - Lingqian Du
- Department of Stomatology; The Second Hospital of Shandong University; Jinan China
| | - Lingling Shang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration; School of Stomatology; Shandong University; Jinan China
- Department of Periodontology; School of Stomatology; Shandong University; Jinan China
| | - Ting Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration; School of Stomatology; Shandong University; Jinan China
- Department of Periodontology; School of Stomatology; Shandong University; Jinan China
| | - Shaohua Ge
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration; School of Stomatology; Shandong University; Jinan China
- Department of Periodontology; School of Stomatology; Shandong University; Jinan China
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Kawakami T, Kawamura K, Fujimori K, Koike A, Amano F. Influence of the culture medium on the production of nitric oxide and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase by activated macrophages in vitro. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 5:328-334. [PMID: 28955839 PMCID: PMC5600421 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play an important role in immune and inflammatory responses, and have been extensively studied in vitro using culture media such as RPMI1640 medium, Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM), and Ham's F-12 medium (F-12). We found that the activation phenotypes of a murine macrophage-like cell line, J774.1/JA-4, were obviously different in two distinct culture media (F-12 and DMEM), both of which were supplemented with 10% of the same fetal bovine serum (FBS). Among these phenotypes, nitric oxide (NO) production as well as inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression, induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), were remarkably different. iNOS expression was higher in the macrophages cultured in DMEM than in F-12 for 20 h, while no significant differences were shown in NO production between in F-12 and DMEM. It might be the reason why DMEM have reduced NO production by the induced iNOS. Besides, [Formula: see text]-generating activity, and production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the activated macrophages were also different between the cultures in F-12 and DMEM. These results suggest that F-12 and DMEM contain certain components responsible for modification of macrophage activation processes and/or macrophage functions. Our present results provide evidence that the choice of culture medium is important in the study and analysis of macrophage activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Kawakami
- Laboratory of Biodefense & Regulation, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Kana Kawamura
- Laboratory of Biodefense & Regulation, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Ko Fujimori
- Laboratory of Biodefense & Regulation, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Atsushi Koike
- Laboratory of Biodefense & Regulation, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Fumio Amano
- Laboratory of Biodefense & Regulation, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
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Skodje A, Idris SBM, Sun Y, Bartaula S, Mustafa K, Finne-Wistrand A, Wikesjö UME, Leknes KN. Biodegradable polymer scaffolds loaded with low-dose BMP-2 stimulate periodontal ligament cell differentiation. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:1991-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anders Skodje
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; Department of Clinical Dentistry - Periodontics; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
| | - Shaza Bushra M. Idris
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; Department of Clinical Dentistry - Center for Clinical Dental Research; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology; KTH Royal Institute of Technology; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Sushma Bartaula
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; Department of Clinical Dentistry - Center for Clinical Dental Research; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; Department of Clinical Dentistry - Center for Clinical Dental Research; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
| | - Anna Finne-Wistrand
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology; KTH Royal Institute of Technology; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Ulf M. E. Wikesjö
- Laboratory for Applied Periodontal & Craniofacial Regeneration; Georgia Regents University; Augusta GA, USA
| | - Knut N. Leknes
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; Department of Clinical Dentistry - Periodontics; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
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Yang Z, Ren L, Deng F, Wang Z, Song J. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound induces osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells through activation of bone morphogenetic protein-smad signaling. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2014; 33:865-873. [PMID: 24764342 DOI: 10.7863/ultra.33.5.865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (US) can accelerate fracture healing and osteogenic differentiation. The aim of this study was to investigate the osteogenic effect of low-intensity pulsed US on human periodontal ligament cells and to determine whether bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-Smad signaling was involved. METHODS Human periodontal ligament cells were exposed to low-intensity pulsed US at a frequency of 1.5 MHz and intensity of 90 mW/cm(2) for 20 min/d. Osteogenic differentiation was determined by assaying alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and calcium deposition. Expression of BMP-2, BMP-6, and BMP-9 was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Phosphorylated Smad was detected by western blotting; Smad in the cells was labeled by an immunofluorescent antibody and observed by laser-scanning confocal microscopy. RESULTS The optical density of ALP stimulated by US at 1.5 MHz and 90 mW/cm(2) for 20 min/d was significantly higher than in other groups (P < .01); therefore, this dosage was considered optimal for promoting osteogenic differentiation. After 13 days of US exposure, ALP increased gradually after 5 days, peaked at 11 days, and decreased at 13 days, with a significant difference compared with the control group (P < .05). Osteocalcin production increased from 9 to 13 days and peaked at 15 days, with a significant difference compared with the control group (P < .05). BMP-2 and BMP-6 increased dynamically after exposure for 13 days. BMP-2 increased 6.07-fold at 3 days, 6.39-fold at 11 days, and 5.97-fold at 13 days. BMP-6 expression increased 6.82-fold at 1 day and 51.5-fold at 3 days and decreased thereafter. BMP-9 was not expressed. Phospho-Smad1/5/8 expression was significantly increased after exposure (P< .05) and transferred from the cytoplasm into the nuclei. CONCLUSIONS Low-intensity pulsed US effectively induced osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells, and the BMP-Smad signaling pathway was involved in the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zun Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426 Songshi North St, Yubei District, 401147 Chongqing, China.
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Bleek K, Taubert A. New developments in polymer-controlled, bioinspired calcium phosphate mineralization from aqueous solution. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:6283-321. [PMID: 23291492 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The polymer-controlled and bioinspired precipitation of inorganic minerals from aqueous solution at near-ambient or physiological conditions avoiding high temperatures or organic solvents is a key research area in materials science. Polymer-controlled mineralization has been studied as a model for biomineralization and for the synthesis of (bioinspired and biocompatible) hybrid materials for a virtually unlimited number of applications. Calcium phosphate mineralization is of particular interest for bone and dental repair. Numerous studies have therefore addressed the mineralization of calcium phosphate using a wide variety of low- and high-molecular-weight additives. In spite of the growing interest and increasing number of experimental and theoretical data, the mechanisms of polymer-controlled calcium phosphate mineralization are not entirely clear to date, although the field has made significant progress in the last years. A set of elegant experiments and calculations has shed light on some details of mineral formation, but it is currently not possible to preprogram a mineralization reaction to yield a desired product for a specific application. The current article therefore summarizes and discusses the influence of (macro)molecular entities such as polymers, peptides, proteins and gels on biomimetic calcium phosphate mineralization from aqueous solution. It focuses on strategies to tune the kinetics, morphologies, final dimensions and crystal phases of calcium phosphate, as well as on mechanistic considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Bleek
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
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Kim SS, Kwon DW, Im I, Kim YD, Hwang DS, Holliday LS, Donatelli RE, Son WS, Jun ES. Differentiation and characteristics of undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells originating from adult premolar periodontal ligaments. Korean J Orthod 2012; 42:307-17. [PMID: 23323245 PMCID: PMC3542451 DOI: 10.4041/kjod.2012.42.6.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the isolation and characterization of multipotent human periodontal ligament (PDL) stem cells and to assess their ability to differentiate into bone, cartilage, and adipose tissue. Methods PDL stem cells were isolated from 7 extracted human premolar teeth. Human PDL cells were expanded in culture, stained using anti-CD29, -CD34, -CD44, and -STRO-1 antibodies, and sorted by fluorescent activated cell sorting (FACS). Gingival fibroblasts (GFs) served as a positive control. PDL stem cells and GFs were cultured using standard conditions conducive for osteogenic, chondrogenic, or adipogenic differentiation. Results An average of 152.8 ± 27.6 colony-forming units was present at day 7 in cultures of PDL stem cells. At day 4, PDL stem cells exhibited a significant increase in proliferation (p < 0.05), reaching nearly double the proliferation rate of GFs. About 5.6 ± 4.5% of cells in human PDL tissues were strongly STRO-1-positive. In osteogenic cultures, calcium nodules were observed by day 21 in PDL stem cells, which showed more intense calcium staining than GF cultures. In adipogenic cultures, both cell populations showed positive Oil Red O staining by day 21. Additionally, in chondrogenic cultures, PDL stem cells expressed collagen type II by day 21. Conclusions The PDL contains multipotent stem cells that have the potential to differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. This adult PDL stem cell population can be utilized as potential sources of PDL in tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Sik Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
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Inoue M, Ebisawa K, Itaya T, Sugito T, Yamawaki-Ogata A, Sumita Y, Wadagaki R, Narita Y, Agata H, Kagami H, Ueda M. Effect of GDF-5 and BMP-2 on the expression of tendo/ligamentogenesis-related markers in human PDL-derived cells. Oral Dis 2011; 18:206-12. [PMID: 22093095 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2011.01871.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The effect of growth differentiation factor 5 and bone morphogenetic protein 2 on human periodontal ligament-derived cells was investigated with special reference to tendo/ligamentogenesis-related markers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Effects of each factor were analyzed by quantitative PCR for scleraxis and tenomodulin and by western blotting for scleraxis. After exposure to those factors, STRO-1-positive and STRO-1-negative fractions of human periodontal ligament tissues were isolated with an immunomagnetic cell sorting system, and the expression of scleraxis in each fraction was analyzed by western blotting. Non-separated crude cells were used as a control. RESULTS Growth differentiation factor 5 and bone morphogenetic protein 2 did not increase alkaline phosphatase activity in crude periodontal ligament-derived cells. Growth differentiation factor 5, but not bone morphogenetic protein 2, increased the expression of scleraxis in crude, STRO-1-positive and STRO-1-negative periodontal ligament-derived cells. The expression of scleraxis in STRO-1-positive periodontal ligament-derived cells was significantly less compared to that in crude P2 and STRO-1-negative periodontal ligament-derived cells. CONCLUSION Growth differentiation factor 5 induced the expression of scleraxis and may enhance tendo/ligamentogenesis in human periodontal ligament-derived cells. The expression of scleraxis was higher in STRO-1-negative fraction, suggesting more differentiated state of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Inoue
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Suh JS, Kim KS, Lee JY, Choi YJ, Chung CP, Park YJ. A cell-permeable fusion protein for the mineralization of human dental pulp stem cells. J Dent Res 2011; 91:90-6. [PMID: 21990606 DOI: 10.1177/0022034511424746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are the only mesenchymal stem cells in pulp tissue that can differentiate into osteoblasts, odontoblasts, and adipose cells. The transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) protein has been reported to modulate osteogenic differentiation in mouse MSCs. Therefore, we examined whether the TAZ protein plays the same role in human pulp stem cells. In this study, TAZ was applied to cells directly with low-molecular-weight protamine (LMWP) as a cell-penetrating peptide (CPP). The LMWP-TAZ fusion proteins were expressed in an E. coli system with a pET-21b vector and efficiently transferred into hDPSCs without producing toxicity in the cells. The efficient uptake of TAZ was shown by Western blot with an anti-TAZ antibody, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and confocal microscopy in live cells. The delivered TAZ protein increased osteogenic differentiation, as confirmed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, RT-PCR, and Western blotting. In addition, TAZ also inhibited adipogenic differentiation, regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (aP2) mRNA levels. These in vitro studies suggest that cell-permeable TAZ may be used as a specific regulator of hard-tissue differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Suh
- Dental Regenerative Biotechnology, Seoul National University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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Enokiya Y, Hashimoto S, Muramatsu T, Jung HS, Tazaki M, Inoue T, Abiko Y, Shimono M. Effect of stretching stress on gene transcription related to early-phase differentiation in rat periodontal ligament cells. THE BULLETIN OF TOKYO DENTAL COLLEGE 2011; 51:129-37. [PMID: 20877159 DOI: 10.2209/tdcpublication.51.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical stress such as occlusal and orthodontic loading has been suggested to induce a homeostatic and regenerative response in periodontal ligament (PDL), but the underlying mechanism remains to be clarified. The purpose of this study was to investigate expression of mRNAs encoding proteins involved in osteogenesis and homeostasis by PDL cells following application of tensile stress and characterize the relationship between such expression and the regenerative and homeostatic functions of the PDL. PDL cells were obtained from rats and stretched by 9% or 18% at a frequency of 6 cycles/min for 12 hr to 5 days in a FX-4000T™ culture system. After stretching, expression of mRNAs encoding collagen type I (Col-I), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was investigated. The highest levels of Col-I, ALP and BMP-2 mRNA expression occurred at 12 hr, while those of BMP-4 and HSP70 occurred at 1 day and 5 days, respectively. Expression levels of Col-I, ALP, BMP-2, BMP-4 and HSP70 increased magnitude-dependently with stretching force in the stretching groups. In contrast, expression of bFGF mRNA showed statistically significant reduction in both stretching groups, with the largest reduction seen in the 9% stretching group (p<0.01). These results suggest that stretching of PDL cells provokes significant increases in expression of factors promoting osteogenic differentiation and HSP70, which protects PDL cells undergoing mechanical stress and contributes to maintenance of PDL homeostasis. However, expression of bFGF was restrained. Reduced expression of bFGF mRNA suggested that there was an optimum magnitude of stretching force for increasing expression.
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Chen FM, An Y, Zhang R, Zhang M. New insights into and novel applications of release technology for periodontal reconstructive therapies. J Control Release 2011; 149:92-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Khanna-Jain R, Agata H, Vuorinen A, Sándor GKB, Suuronen R, Miettinen S. Addition of BMP-2 or BMP-6 to dexamethasone, ascorbic acid, and β-glycerophosphate may not enhance osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells. Growth Factors 2010; 28:437-46. [PMID: 20569096 DOI: 10.3109/08977194.2010.495719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the potential merits of the combined use of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 or BMP-6 and osteogenic supplements (OS) [dexamethasone, ascorbic acid (AA), and β-glycerophosphate] on osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs). Osteogenic differentiation was evaluated by quantitative alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, alizarin red staining, quantitative calcium assay, and the qRT-PCR analysis for the expression of collagen type I, runt-related transcription factor-2, osteopontin (OPN), and osteocalcin in PDLCs. Culture with BMP-2 or BMP-6+AA increased ALP activity of PDLCs, suggesting their osteo-inductive effects. However, longer duration of culture showed neither of the BMPs induced in vitro mineralization. In contrast, OS were able to increase ALP activity and OPN expressions, and also induced in vitro mineralization. The mineralization ability was not enhanced by the addition of BMP-2 or BMP-6. These findings suggest that the addition of BMP-2 or BMP-6 to OS may not enhance an osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashi Khanna-Jain
- Regea Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 12, 33520, Tampere, Finland.
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Ikeda H, Sumita Y, Ikeda M, Ikeda H, Okumura T, Sakai E, Nishimura M, Asahina I. Engineering bone formation from human dental pulp- and periodontal ligament-derived cells. Ann Biomed Eng 2010; 39:26-34. [PMID: 20614244 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-010-0115-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A robust method for inducing bone formation from cultured dental mesenchymal cells has not been established. In this study, a method for generating bone tissue in vivo from cultured human dental pulp- and periodontal ligament-derived cells (DPCs and PDLCs, respectively) was designed using exogenous bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2). DPCs and PDLCs showed enhanced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcified nodule formation in medium containing dexamethasone, β-glycerophosphate, and ascorbic acid (osteogenic medium). However, the addition of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP2) to osteogenic medium remarkably increased ALP activity and in vitro calcification above the increases observed with osteogenic medium alone. rhBMP2 also significantly upregulated the expression of osteocalcin, osteopontin, and dentin matrix protein 1 mRNA in both cell types cultured in osteogenic medium. Finally, we detected prominent bone-like tissue formation in vivo when cells had been exposed to rhBMP2 in osteogenic medium. In contrast, treatments with osteogenic medium or rhBMP2 alone could not induce abundant mineralized tissue formation. We propose here that treatment with rhBMP2 in osteogenic medium can make dental mesenchymal tissues a highly useful source of cells for bone tissue engineering. In addition, both DPCs and PDLCs showed similar and remarkable osteo-inducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyoshi Ikeda
- Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
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Wu X, Lin M, Li Y, Zhao X, Yan F. Effects of DMEM and RPMI 1640 on the biological behavior of dog periosteum-derived cells. Cytotechnology 2009; 59:103-11. [PMID: 19496017 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-009-9200-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2009] [Accepted: 05/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Periosteum-derived cells (PDCs) are being extensively studied as potential tissue engineering seed cells and have demonstrated tremendous promise to date. There is convincing evidence that culture medium could modulate the biological behavior of cultured cells. In this study, we investigate the effects of DMEM (low glucose) and RPMI 1640 on cell growth and cell differentiation of PDCs in vitro. PDCs isolated from Beagle dogs were maintained in DMEM and RPMI 1640, respectively. Then, the cell migration rate of periosteum tissues was analyzed. PDCs of the third passage were harvested for the study of proliferation and osteogenic activity. Proliferation was detected by MTT assay. Alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralized nodules were measured to investigate osteogenic differentiation. Our data demonstrated that DMEM induced alkaline phosphatase activity and strongly stimulated matrix mineralization in cell culture, while similar cell migration rates and proliferation behaviors were observed in the two culture conditions. Interestingly, the osteogenic differentiation of PDCs could be enhanced in DMEM compared with that in RPMI 1640. Thus, it can be ascertained that DMEM may serve as a suitable culture condition allowing osteogenic differentiation of dog PDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Wu
- Department of Periodontology, Fujian Medical University, 246 Yangqiao Zhong Road, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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Lossdörfer S, Fiekens D, Salik MI, Götz W, Jäger A. Subculture affects the phenotypic expression of human periodontal ligament cells and their response to fibroblast growth factor-2 and bone morphogenetic protein-7 in vitro. J Periodontal Res 2008; 43:563-9. [PMID: 18624939 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2008.01087.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Although periodontal ligament cells display several osteoblastic traits, their phenotypic expression is still not well established. It remains a matter of debate whether they resemble a terminally differentiated cell type or an intermediate maturation state that potentially can be directed towards a fibroblastic or an osteoblastic phenotype. MATERIAL AND METHODS To explore the characteristics of periodontal ligament cells in greater detail, fourth-passage, sixth-passage and eighth-passage human periodontal ligament cells were cultured for up to 3 wk. Ki-67, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) mRNA expression was quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, the cellular response to fibroblast growth factor-2 and bone morphogenetic protein-7 was examined in first-passage and fourth-passage cells. Dermal fibroblasts (1BR.3.G) and osteoblast-like cells (MG63) served as reference cell lines. RESULTS Proliferation decreased over time and was highest in fourth-passage cells. The expression of differentiation parameters, osteoprotegerin and RANKL increased with culture time and was higher in fourth-passage cells than in cells of later passages. The RANKL/osteoprotegerin ratio increased steadily until day 21. Administration of fibroblast growth factor-2 enhanced cell numbers in both passages, whereas alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin production remained unchanged. By contrast, exposure of periodontal ligament cells to bone morphogenetic protein-7 resulted in a reduction of cell number in the first and fourth passages, whereas the production of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin was enhanced. In dermal fibroblasts, differentiation parameters did not respond to both stimuli. MG63 cells behaved similarly to periodontal ligament cells. CONCLUSION These results indicate that subculture affects the phenotypic expression of human periodontal ligament cells with respect to the characteristics that these cells share with osteoblasts. Furthermore, the periodontal ligament cell phenotype can be altered by fibroblastic and osteoblastic growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lossdörfer
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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