1
|
Chang MC, Wang TM, Chien HH, Pan YH, Tsai YL, Jeng PY, Lin LD, Jeng JH. Effect of butyrate, a bacterial by-product, on the viability and ICAM-1 expression/production of human vascular endothelial cells: Role in infectious pulpal/periapical diseases. Int Endod J 2021; 55:38-53. [PMID: 34420220 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of butyric acid (BA), a metabolic product generated by pulp and root canal pathogens, on the viability and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) production of endothelial cells, which are crucial to angiogenesis and pulpal/periapical wound healing. METHODOLOGY Endothelial cells were exposed to butyrate with/without inhibitors. Cell viability, apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated using an MTT assay, PI/annexin V and DCF fluorescence flow cytometry respectively. RNA and protein expression was determined using a polymerase chain reaction assay and Western blotting or immunofluorescent staining. Soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1) was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The quantitative results were expressed as mean ± standard error (SE) of the mean. The data were analysed using a paired Student's t-test where necessary. A p-value ≤0.05 was considered to indicate a statistically significant difference between groups. RESULTS Butyrate (>4 mM) inhibited cell viability and induced cellular apoptosis and necrosis. It inhibited cyclin B1 but stimulated p21 and p27 expression. Butyrate stimulated ROS production and hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression as well as activated the Ac-H3, p-ATM, p-ATR, p-Chk1, p-Chk2, p-p38 and p-Akt expression of endothelial cells. Butyrate stimulated ICAM-1 mRNA/protein expression and significant sICAM-1 production (p < .05). Superoxide dismutase, 5z-7oxozeaenol, SB203580 and compound C (p < .05), but not ZnPP, CGK733, AZD7762 or LY294002, attenuated butyrate cytotoxicity to endothelial cells. Notably, little effect on butyrate-stimulated sICAM-1 secretion was found. Valproic acid, phenylbutyrate and trichostatin (three histone deacetylase inhibitors) significantly induced sICAM-1 production (p < .05). CONCLUSION Butyric acid inhibited proliferation, induced apoptosis, stimulated ROS and HO-1 production and increased ICAM-1 mRNA expression and protein synthesis in endothelial cells. Cell viability affected by BA was diminished by some inhibitors; however, the increased sICAM-1 secretion by BA was not affected by any of the tested inhibitors. These results facilitate understanding of the pathogenesis, prevention and treatment of pulpal/periapical diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chi Chang
- Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tong-Mei Wang
- School of Dentistry & Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hua-Hong Chien
- Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Yu-Hwa Pan
- Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Tsai
- School of Dentistry & Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yuan Jeng
- School of Dentistry & Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Deh Lin
- School of Dentistry & Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiiang-Huei Jeng
- School of Dentistry & Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mattei V, Martellucci S, Pulcini F, Santilli F, Sorice M, Delle Monache S. Regenerative Potential of DPSCs and Revascularization: Direct, Paracrine or Autocrine Effect? Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1635-1646. [PMID: 33829353 PMCID: PMC8553678 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10162-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A new source of mesenchymal stem cells has recently been discovered, the so-called dental pulp derived stem cells (DPSCs) which therefore could represent potentially tools for regenerative medicine. DPSC originate from the neural crest and are physiologically involved in dentin homeostasis; moreover, they contribute to bone remodeling and differentiation into several tissues including cartilage, bone, adipose and nervous tissues. DPSCs have also been shown to influence the angiogenesis process, for example through the release of secretory factors or by differentiating into vascular and/or perivascular cells. Angiogenesis, that has a pivotal role in tissue regeneration and repair, is defined as the formation of new vessels from preexisting vessels and is mediated by mutual and reciprocal interactions between endothelial cells and perivascular cells. It is also known that co-cultures of perivascular and endothelial cells (ECs) can form a vascular network in vitro and also in vivo. Since DPSCs seem to have characteristics similar to pericytes, understanding the possible mechanism of interaction between DPSCs and ECs during neo-angiogenesis is dramatically important for the development of advanced clinical application in the field of regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Mattei
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, Sabina Universitas, 02100, Rieti, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Martellucci
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, Sabina Universitas, 02100, Rieti, Italy
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Fanny Pulcini
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesca Santilli
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, Sabina Universitas, 02100, Rieti, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sorice
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Delle Monache
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
- StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim HK, Lee SG, Lee SW, Oh BJ, Kim JH, Kim JA, Lee G, Jang JD, Joe YA. A Subset of Paracrine Factors as Efficient Biomarkers for Predicting Vascular Regenerative Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2018; 37:77-88. [PMID: 30281870 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have been developed as a promising source for cell-based therapies of ischemic disease. However, there are some hurdles in their clinical application such as poor cell engraftment and inconsistent stem cell potency. In this study, we sought to find biomarkers for predicting potency of MSCs for proangiogenic therapy to improve their beneficial effects. Large variations were observed in proangiogenic factor secretion profiles of conditioned media derived from nine different donor-derived Wharton's jelly (WJ)-derived MSCs and 8 factors among 55 angiogenesis-related factors were secreted at considerable levels. Two distinct WJ-MSCs that had the lowest or the highest secretion of these eight factors showed corresponding proangiogenic activities in in vitro angiogenesis assays. When four additional different donor-derived WJ-MSCs were further examined, proangiogenic activities in migration and tube formation of endothelial cells and in in vivo Matrigel plug assay were highly consistent with secretion levels of four major factors (angiogenin, interleukin-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor). Such correlation was also observed in vascular regenerative effect in a mouse hind limb ischemia model. Blocking of these four factors by neutralizing antibodies or knockdown of them by siRNA treatment resulted in significant inhibition of proangiogenic activities of not only WJ-MSCs, but also bone marrow-derived MSCs. These results suggest that these four factors may represent efficient biomarkers for predicting vascular regenerative efficacy of MSCs. Stem Cells 2019;37:77-88.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Kyung Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Lifescience, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul-Gi Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Lifescience, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Lifescience, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bae Jun Oh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyeon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong A Kim
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Guisera Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Vincent Hospital of Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Deog Jang
- Catholic Institute of Cell Therapy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ae Joe
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Lifescience, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou Y, Zhang J, Wu H, Hogan MV, Wang JHC. The differential effects of leukocyte-containing and pure platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on tendon stem/progenitor cells - implications of PRP application for the clinical treatment of tendon injuries. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:173. [PMID: 26373929 PMCID: PMC4572462 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0172-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is widely used to treat tendon injuries in clinics. These PRP preparations often contain white blood cells or leukocytes, and the precise cellular effects of leukocyte-rich PRP (L-PRP) on tendons are not well defined. Therefore, in this study, we determined the effects of L-PRP on tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSCs), which play a key role in tendon homeostasis and repair. Methods TSCs isolated from the patellar tendons of rabbits were treated with L-PRP or P-PRP (pure PRP without leukocytes) in vitro, followed by measuring cell proliferation, stem cell marker expression, inflammatory gene expression, and anabolic and catabolic protein expression by using immunostaining, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Results Cell proliferation was induced by both L-PRP and P-PRP in a dose-dependent manner with maximum proliferation at a 10 % PRP dose. Both PRP treatments also induced differentiation of TSCs into active tenocytes. Nevertheless, the two types of PRP largely differed in several effects exerted on TSCs. L-PRP induced predominantly catabolic and inflammatory changes in differentiated tenocytes; its treatment increased the expression of catabolic marker genes, matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), MMP-13, interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and their respective protein expression and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production. In contrast, P-PRP mainly induced anabolic changes; that is, P-PRP increased the gene expression of anabolic genes, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen types I and III. Conclusions These findings indicate that, while both L-PRP and P-PRP appear to be “safe” in inducing TSC differentiation into active tenocytes, L-PRP may be detrimental to the healing of injured tendons because it induces catabolic and inflammatory effects on tendon cells and may prolong the effects in healing tendons. On the other hand, when P-PRP is used to treat acutely injured tendons, it may result in the formation of excessive scar tissue due to the strong potential of P-PRP to induce inordinate cellular anabolic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiqin Zhou
- MechanoBiology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 210 Lothrop Street, BST, E1640, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. .,Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine Department, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Huangpu, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| | - Jianying Zhang
- MechanoBiology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 210 Lothrop Street, BST, E1640, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Haishan Wu
- Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine Department, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Huangpu, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| | - MaCalus V Hogan
- MechanoBiology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 210 Lothrop Street, BST, E1640, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - James H-C Wang
- MechanoBiology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 210 Lothrop Street, BST, E1640, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Häkkinen L, Larjava H, Fournier BPJ. Distinct phenotype and therapeutic potential of gingival fibroblasts. Cytotherapy 2014; 16:1171-86. [PMID: 24934304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Gingiva of the oral mucosa provides a practical source to isolate fibroblasts for therapeutic purposes because the tissue is easily accessible, tissue discards are common during routine clinical procedures and wound healing after biopsy is fast and results in complete wound regeneration with very little morbidity or scarring. In addition, gingival fibroblasts have unique traits, including neural crest origin, distinct gene expression and synthetic properties and potent immunomodulatory functions. These characteristics may provide advantages for certain therapeutic approaches over other more commonly used cells, including skin fibroblasts, both in intraoral and extra-oral sites. However, identity and phenotype of gingival fibroblasts, like other fibroblasts, are still not completely understood. Gingival fibroblasts are phenotypically heterogeneous, and these…fibroblast subpopulations may play different roles in tissue maintenance, regeneration and pathologies. The purpose of this review is to summarize what is currently known about gingival fibroblasts, their distinct potential for tissue regeneration and their potential therapeutic uses in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lari Häkkinen
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Hannu Larjava
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Benjamin P J Fournier
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Paris Diderot University, Dental School, Rotschild Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; UMRS872, Team 5, Molecular Oral Physiopathology, CRC Les Cordeliers, Paris, 75006, INSERM UMRS872, Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hilkens P, Fanton Y, Martens W, Gervois P, Struys T, Politis C, Lambrichts I, Bronckaers A. Pro-angiogenic impact of dental stem cells in vitro and in vivo. Stem Cell Res 2014; 12:778-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
|
7
|
Valenzuela NM, Reed EF. Antibodies in transplantation: the effects of HLA and non-HLA antibody binding and mechanisms of injury. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1034:41-70. [PMID: 23775730 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-493-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Until recently, allograft rejection was thought to be mediated primarily by alloreactive T cells. Consequently, immunosuppressive approaches focused on inhibition of T cell activation. While short-term graft survival has significantly improved and rejection rates have dropped, acute rejection has not been eliminated and chronic rejection remains the major threat to long-term graft survival. Increased attention to humoral immunity in experimental systems and in the clinic has revealed that donor specific antibodies (DSA) can mediate and promote acute and chronic rejection. Herein, we detail the effects of alloantibody, particularly HLA antibody, binding to graft vascular and other cells, and briefly summarize the experimental methods used to assess such outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Valenzuela
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA Immunogenetics Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fournier BPJ, Larjava H, Häkkinen L. Gingiva as a source of stem cells with therapeutic potential. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:3157-77. [PMID: 23944935 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Postnatal connective tissues contain phenotypically heterogeneous cells populations that include distinct fibroblast subpopulations, pericytes, myofibroblasts, fibrocytes, and tissue-specific mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). These cells play key roles in tissue development, maintenance, and repair and contribute to various pathologies. Depending on the origin of tissue, connective tissue cells, including MSCs, have different phenotypes. Understanding the identity and specific functions of these distinct tissue-specific cell populations may allow researchers to develop better treatment modalities for tissue regeneration and find novel approaches to prevent pathological conditions. Interestingly, MSCs from adult oral mucosal gingiva possess distinct characteristics, including neural crest origin, multipotent differentiation capacity, fetal-like phenotype, and potent immunomodulatory properties. These characteristics and an easy, relatively noninvasive access to gingival tissue, and fast tissue regeneration after tissue biopsy make gingiva an attractive target for cell isolation for therapeutic purposes aiming to promote tissue regeneration and fast, scar-free wound healing. The purpose of this review is to discuss the identity, phenotypical heterogeneity, and function of gingival MSCs and summarize what is currently known about their properties, role in scar-free healing, and their future therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P J Fournier
- 1 Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mousavi Jazi M, Solgi G, Asl Roosta H, Noshad S, Moslemi N, Sadrimanesh R, Moradi B, A. Amirzargar A. HLA-DRB and HLA-DQA/HLA-DQB allele and haplotype frequencies in Iranian patients with aggressive periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2013; 48:533-9. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Mousavi Jazi
- Department of Periodontics; School of Dentistry; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - G. Solgi
- Department of Immunology; School of Medicine; Hamadan University of Medical Sciences; Hamadan Iran
| | - H. Asl Roosta
- Department of Periodontics; School of Dentistry; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - S. Noshad
- Molecular Immunology Research Center; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - N. Moslemi
- Department of Periodontics; School of Dentistry; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - R. Sadrimanesh
- Department of Prosthodontics; School of Dentistry; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - B. Moradi
- Molecular Immunology Research Center; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - A. A. Amirzargar
- Molecular Immunology Research Center; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Routsias JG, Goules JD, Goules A, Charalampakis G, Pikazis D. Autopathogenic correlation of periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2011; 50:1189-93. [PMID: 21343168 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ker090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, a number of studies have pointed to a potential relationship between periodontitis (PO) and RA and vice versa. Both diseases are characterized by chronic inflammation, osseous destruction, damage of the supporting soft tissues, similar cellular immune responses and common immunogenetic findings. Although a definite, methodological report associating these diseases is missing from the literature, it is possible that both diseases share a common aetiopathogenic background. This background includes the post-translation modification citrullination, which guides the conversion of the amino acid arginine to citrulline in certain self-proteins, generating neo-epitope structures. This results in reduced self-tolerance, development of autoimmunity and the production of ACPAs. The current hypothesis suggests that certain oral bacteria induce the citrullination of proteins under the action of the enzyme peptidyl arginine deiminase (PAD), which exists in both Porphyromonas gingivalis and inflammatory cells. Antibodies against citrullinated proteins and peptides constitute a common serological finding in both RA and PO. The aim of this review is to map the immunological and serological profiles of PO, and to unveil the parameters that connect PO with the appearance of RA at clinical, prognostic and pathogenetic levels. Until now, there have been no reports sufficiently mapping the immunological profile of PO and defining its aetiopathogenic connection with RA, although a similarity between the immunological profile of PO and RA is highly expected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John G Routsias
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fibroblasts stimulated via HLA-II molecules produce prostaglandin E₂ and regulate cytokine production from helper T cells. J Transl Med 2010; 90:1747-56. [PMID: 20680009 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2010.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts act as important immune regulatory cells via their ability to cross-talk with T cells accumulating in lesions. Our previous study showed that fibroblasts produce several cytokines and chemokines by crosslinking HLA class II (HLA-II) molecules with monoclonal antibodies or by making T-cell receptor-peptide-HLA complexes. It is thus conceivable that the interaction of T cells and fibroblasts via HLA-II affects fibroblast responses to stimuli. This study used human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) to investigate possible effects of these fibroblast-derived soluble factors on the differentiation of naïve T cells and on the subsequent fibroblast responses. After mixed lymphocyte reaction culture between naïve T cells and allogeneic dendritic cells in the presence of culture supernatant from HGF stimulated via HLA-DQ molecules (DQ-sup), but not via DR, T cells exhibited a Th2-shifted phenotype, thereby producing quantitatively more IL-13 and IL-5 compared with interferon-γ. Astonishingly, analyses to identify possible factors affecting the Th2 polarization secreted from HLA-II-stimulated HGF, prostaglandin E₂, was detected only in DQ-sup. The Th2 polarization of naïve T cells was blocked in the presence of supernatants from indomethacin-treated HGF with HLA-DQ stimulation. In addition, we found that the culture supernatants of Th cells activated following mixed lymphocyte reaction culture in the presence of DQ-sup had the potential to induce gene expression of type I and III collagens in HGF. These results suggested that fibroblasts stimulated via HLA-DQ molecules promote Th2 polarization in Th-cell responses and showed the counter activation of collagen synthesis, implicating orchestrated responses among these cells in the fibrosis of chronic inflammatory lesions.
Collapse
|