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Yıldız H, Bagis N, Camgoz M, Karacaoglu F, Ocak M, Orhan K. Micro-CT evaluation of the effect of various ScRp instrumentation methods on cement loss, porosity and micro-crack formation. Int J Dent Hyg 2024; 22:588-595. [PMID: 37357382 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of three different instruments on cement loss, porosity and micro-crack formation, which was not evaluated before, following scaling and root planning (SRP) using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). METHODS In this experimental study, 30 single-rooted extracted human teeth were used and divided into three groups. All the teeth were scanned with micro-CT before and after SRP. Group 1: SRP was performed with Gracey curettes, Group 2: SRP was performed by using an ultrasonic device, and Group 3: SRP was performed by using diamond burs. Cement loss from the root surface, porosity, and micro-crack formation in the root dentine were analysed. Micro-CT is used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of samples. The obtained data were analysed statistically (p < 0.05). RESULTS Minimum cement loss following SRP was detected with ultrasonic scaler (26.98 mm3), whereas the highest was created by diamond burs (96.20 mm3) (p < 0.05). The total porosity values after SRP were 0.278%, 0.334% and 0.252% for Groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Although Group 3 had the least porosity values, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. The highest micro-crack formation was seen in Group 2 and the lowest was in Group 1 with a significant difference (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS More cement loss was observed with diamond burs. Ultrasonic devices appear to be a viable alternative to instrumentation with curettes. However, ultrasonic devices should be used carefully because of micro-crack formation since the micro-crack resulting from instrumentation with hand instruments is the least of all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Yıldız
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nilsun Bagis
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Melike Camgoz
- Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma Karacaoglu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mert Ocak
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kaan Orhan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- Ankara University Medical Design Application and Research Center (MEDITAM), Ankara, Turkey
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Jannath A, Sundaram R, Selvarangam S, Viswanathan K, Sivapragasam S. Efficacy of ultrasonics and Er,Cr:YSGG laser on root surface calculus removal: A comparative in vitro field emission scanning electron microscope study. JOURNAL OF ADVANCED PERIODONTOLOGY & IMPLANT DENTISTRY 2024; 16:9-14. [PMID: 39027208 PMCID: PMC11252148 DOI: 10.34172/japid.2024.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Background Scaling and root planing (SRP) is an inevitable primary step in non-surgical periodontal therapy. Debridement carried out with manual instruments and ultrasonics results in the removal of tooth structure. Current research revolves around laser as an efficient adjunct to SRP. This study evaluated and compared the effectiveness of root surface calculus removal between ultrasonics and Er,Cr:YSGG laser. Methods Twenty-eight single-rooted teeth extracted due to periodontal disease were selected for the study. The specimens were randomly assigned to two groups (n=14). Group I underwent ultrasonic instrumentation using a piezo ultrasonic scaler, and group II was subjected to laser instrumentation using Er,Cr:YSGG laser (Waterlase). The specimens were processed, fixed, viewed under a field emission scanning electron microscope and evaluated using the remaining calculus index (RCI) and loss of tooth substance index (LTSI). Results Ultrasonics-treated specimens revealed more remaining calculus (1.57±0.65) and lost tooth substance (1.71±0.61) compared to the Er,Cr:YSGG laser-treated specimens, with significantly lower RCI (0.71±0.61) and LTSI (1.00±0.56). There was a statistically significant difference (P<0.05) in the efficacy of root surface calculus removal between the two groups. Conclusion Compared to ultrasonics, Er,Cr:YSGG laser demonstrated superior results by causing precise removal of root surface calculus without significantly affecting tooth structure and aiding in new attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afreen Jannath
- Department of Periodontology, Government Dental College and Hospital, Cuddalore District, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajasekar Sundaram
- Department of Periodontology, Government Dental College and Hospital, Cuddalore District, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Krishnan Viswanathan
- Department of Periodontology, Government Dental College and Hospital, Cuddalore District, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Srinivasan Sivapragasam
- Department of Periodontology, Government Dental College and Hospital, Cuddalore District, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
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Sahin D, Deger C, Oglakci B, Demirkol M, Kucukyildirim BO, Gursel M, Eliguzeloglu Dalkilic E. The Effects of a Novel Nanohydroxyapatite Gel and Er: YAG Laser Treatment on Dentin Hypersensitivity. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6522. [PMID: 37834658 PMCID: PMC10573567 DOI: 10.3390/ma16196522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study evaluates the effects of a novel nanohydroxyapatite gel and Er: YAG laser on the surface roughness, surface morphology, and elemental content after dentin hypersensitivity treatments. METHODS Dentin discs (2 × 3 × 3 mm3) were prepared from 75 human molars. Out of 75 human molars, 50 were used to evaluate surface roughness and randomly divided into five groups: Group ID (intact dentin), Group DD (demineralized dentin), Group BF (fluoride varnish/Bifluorid 10), Group Lsr (Er: YAG laser-50 mJ, 0.50 W, 10 Hz), and Group NHA (nanohydroxyapatite-containing gel). Dentin hypersensitivity was stimulated by 35% phosphoric acid for 1 min (except Group ID). The surface roughness (Ra, μm) was measured via contact profilometry (n = 10). Out of the 75 sound human molars, 25 were used to evaluate the surface morphology and elemental content using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (n = 5). The data were statistically analyzed using Welsch ANOVA, Games-Howell, Kruskal-Wallis, and Dunn tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS Group Lsr showed significantly lower surface roughness than Group NHA and Group BF (p < 0.05). The SEM analysis indicated that most of the dentinal tubules were obliterated for Group NHA. Precipitant plugs with partially occluded dentinal tubules were observed for Group BF, while partially or completely occluded tubules with a melting appearance were detected for Group Lsr. The EDS analysis revealed that Group NHA and Group Lsr presented similar calcium and phosphorus amounts to Group ID. All dentin hypersensitivity treatment methods could provide promising results in terms of tubular occlusion efficiency. However, laser treatment resulted in smoother surfaces, which could help prevent dental plaque accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demet Sahin
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Ceren Deger
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey or (C.D.); or (B.O.); or (E.E.D.)
| | - Burcu Oglakci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey or (C.D.); or (B.O.); or (E.E.D.)
| | - Metehan Demirkol
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, 34349 Istanbul, Turkey; (M.D.); or (B.O.K.)
| | - Bedri Onur Kucukyildirim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, 34349 Istanbul, Turkey; (M.D.); or (B.O.K.)
| | - Mehtikar Gursel
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Evrim Eliguzeloglu Dalkilic
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey or (C.D.); or (B.O.); or (E.E.D.)
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Graziani F, Tinto M, Orsolini C, Izzetti R, Tomasi C. Complications and treatment errors in nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Periodontol 2000 2023; 92:21-61. [PMID: 36591941 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Nonsurgical periodontal therapy can be subject to iatrogenesis, which includes all the complications directly or indirectly related to a treatment. These complications include both operator-dependent harms and errors and the consequences and adverse effects of the therapeutic procedures. The complications arising following nonsurgical periodontal treatment can be categorized as intraoperative and postoperative and can affect both soft and hard tissues at an intra-oral and extraoral level. Soft-tissues damage or damage to teeth and restorations can occur while performing the procedure. In the majority of cases, the risk of bleeding associated with nonsurgical therapy is reported to be low and easily controlled by means of local hemostatic measures, even in medicated subjects. Cervicofacial subcutaneous emphysema is not a frequent extraoral intraoperative complication, occurring during the use of air polishing. Moreover, side effects such as pain, fever, and dentine hypersensitivity are frequently reported as a consequence of nonsurgical periodontal therapy and can have a major impact on a patient's perception of the treatment provided. The level of intraoperative pain could be influenced by the types of instruments employed, the characteristics of tips, and the individual level of tolerance of the patient. Unexpected damage to teeth or restorations can also occur as a consequence of procedural errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Graziani
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Sub-Unit of Periodontology, Halitosis and Periodontal Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Manuel Tinto
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Sub-Unit of Periodontology, Halitosis and Periodontal Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Orsolini
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Sub-Unit of Periodontology, Halitosis and Periodontal Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rossana Izzetti
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Sub-Unit of Periodontology, Halitosis and Periodontal Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristiano Tomasi
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Karacaoglu F, Orhan K. Comparison of the effects of different instrumentation techniques on root surface roughness and cement loss using micro-computerized tomography: An in-vitro study. Int J Dent Hyg 2021; 20:339-346. [PMID: 34390126 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of three different instruments on the cement loss and roughness of the root surface following scaling and root planning (SRP) using micro-computerized tomography (micro-CT). METHODS In this experimental study, 60 single-rooted extracted human teeth were used and divided into three groups. All teeth were scanned with micro-CT before and after SRP. Group 1: SRP was performed by Gracey-curette, Group 2: SRP was performed by using an ultrasonic device and Group 3: SRP was performed by using a piezo ultrasonic device. Cement loss and porosity of the root surface were analysed by micro-computerized tomography, which is a current imaging technique that provides high-quality images and allows for qualitative and quantitative analysis of samples. RESULTS Results of our study revealed that initial porosity values were 1.60%, 1.25%, 1.59% for the group 1, 2, 3, and 0.93%, 0.86 and 0.80 after SRP respectively. Although Group 3 had the least surface roughness, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. Cement loss following SRP was 47.15 μmin the piezo ultrasonic device group, 59.44 µm in the ultrasonic device, and 134.163 µm in the Gracey-curette group respectively. The highest cement loss was seen in the Gracey-curette group, and there was a significant difference between the three groups. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, it was observed that surface roughness decreased and similar surface roughness was obtained with all three methods, but more cementum loss was observed with Gracey-curette. Therefore, ultrasonic devices appear to be a viable alternative to manual instrumentation with curettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Karacaoglu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kaan Orhan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.,Ankara University Medical Design Application and Research Center (MEDITAM), Ankara, Turkey
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Haroon F, Gregory RL, Hara A, Blanchard SB, Hamada Y. In vitro comparison of root surface roughness and bacterial adhesion following treatment with three different instruments. J Periodontol 2021; 93:e83-e91. [PMID: 34338309 DOI: 10.1002/jper.21-0343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A novel device, piezoelectric 11 Gracey curet tip, reportedly combines benefits of a piezoelectric device and manual curet. The primary objective of this study was to compare root surface roughness outcomes between traditional manual curets and piezoelectric devices, as compared with this novel device. The secondary aim was to assess the level of adhesion of Streptococcus mutans on the root surface after instrumentation. METHODS The groups consisted of the following: 1) Gracey curet; 2) piezoelectric scaler; 3) piezoelectric 11 Gracey curet tip; and 4) untreated control. Root specimens were obtained from extracted human teeth and randomly assigned to each group. Surface roughness measurements (Ra and Rz) were taken with a profilometer before and after instrumentation. After instrumentation, root specimens were inoculated with S. mutans and biofilm was dislodged. Various dilutions of resuspended biofilm were incubated on blood agar plates and colony forming units (CFU) values were measured. RESULTS The experimental device resulted in significantly lower Ra and Rz compared with other groups (P < 0.01), and the Gracey curet was significantly lower than the piezoelectric tip and untreated control (P < 0.05). The Gracey curet and experimental device tip had significantly lower CFU values compared with the control (P < 0.05). There were no significant CFU value differences between the Gracey curet and both the piezoelectric and experimental device tips. There were no significant CFU differences between piezoelectric tip and both experimental device and control. There was no correlation between Ra and CFU values for Gracey curet, piezoelectric tip, or the control. However, correlation between Ra values and CFU approached significance for the experimental device (correlation = 0.66, P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Piezoelectric 11 Gracey curet tip is effective at resulting in a significantly smoother surface compared with traditional piezoelectric and hand instruments. CFU values with piezoelectric 11 Gracey curet tip were significantly lower than non-instrumented surfaces, but there were no significant differences compared with conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Haroon
- Department of Periodontology, Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Richard L Gregory
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Anderson Hara
- Oral Health Research Institute, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Steven B Blanchard
- Department of Periodontology, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Yusuke Hamada
- Department of Periodontology, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN
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Puglisi R, Santos A, Pujol A, Ferrari M, Nart J, Pascual A. Clinical comparison of instrumentation systems for periodontal debridement: A randomized clinical trial. Int J Dent Hyg 2021; 20:328-338. [PMID: 34018671 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare clinical efficacy, chairside time and post-treatment hypersensitivity of four instruments used for subgingival periodontal debridement. MATERIALS & METHODS Seventeen patients with stage II and III periodontitis were enrolled in this randomized clinical trial using a split-mouth design. Quadrants were randomly divided into four treatment groups: Group A: Gracey curettes-Hu-Friedy® ; Group B: piezoelectric ultrasonic (Satelec® ) with No.1S insert; Group C: diamond burs 40 µm (Intensiv Perioset® ); and Group D: piezosurgery ultrasonic (Mectron® ) with PP1 insert. Clinical outcomes, chairside time and hypersensitivity were assessed at 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks after treatment. The primary outcome variable was improvement in clinical attachment level. RESULTS At 8 weeks post-treatment, Gracey curettes, piezoelectric ultrasonic (Satelec® ) and piezosurgery ultrasonic (Mectron® ) were statistically more effective than diamond burs in increasing attachment level and reducing probing pocket depth. Comparison of piezoelectric ultrasonic (Satelec® ) and piezosurgery ultrasonic (Mectron® ) with the other instruments showed a statistical difference (p < 0.001) in chairside time. Regarding post-treatment hypersensitivity, no statistical differences were observed in any of the groups. CONCLUSIONS Gracey curettes, piezoelectric ultrasonic (Satelec® ) and piezosurgery ultrasonic (Mectron® ) were clinically more effective than diamond burs 40 µm. The ultrasonic instruments showed a significant reduction in chairside time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Puglisi
- Department of Periodontology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Santos
- Department of Periodontology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angels Pujol
- Department of Periodontology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marco Ferrari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Universitá degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - José Nart
- Department of Periodontology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Pascual
- Department of Periodontology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
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Yildirim TT, Oztekin F, Keklik E, Tozum MD. Surface roughness of enamel and root surface after scaling, root planning and polishing procedures: An in-vitro study. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2021; 11:287-290. [PMID: 33948429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2021.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate enamel and root surface roughness on exracted human teeth by using different tecniques (ultrasonic scaler, hand instruments, polishing paste, pumice and air powder system). Materials and methods A total of 200 samples were divided into two groups (enamel and root) randomly with 100 samples for each enamel and root groups. The groups were divided into 5 subgroups: Group I: ultrasonic scaler, group II: hand instruments, group III: polishing paste, group IV: pumice, group V: air-powder. Surface roughness (Ra) was assessed with Mitutoyo SJ-410 device. The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test along with the Tukey test was used for statistical analysis. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results The use of ultrasonic scalers caused the highest roughness increase on the enamel surface (0.935 ± 0.010), whereas the use of pumice was the least (0.896 ± 0.018) (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference between ultrasonic scalers and all the groups (hand instruments, polishing paste, pumice and air powder system) on enamel surface (p < 0.05). Maximum surface roughness increase was observed in the ultrasonic scalers on root surface. There was a significant difference between ultrasonic scalers and polishing paste, pumice and air powder on root surface, respectively (p < 0.05). Conclusion The use of ultrasonic scalers cause more rough enamel and root surfaces than hand instrumentation and polishing tecniques. Clinical relevance Uneven surfaces adversely affect the intended periodontal healing by creating a retention area of microbial dental plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Talo Yildirim
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Faruk Oztekin
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Esra Keklik
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Melek Didem Tozum
- Pre-Doctoral Clinics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Dassatti L, Manicone PF, Lauricella S, Pastorino R, Filetici P, Nicoletti F, D'Addona A. A comparative scanning electron microscopy study between the effect of an ultrasonic scaler, reciprocating handpiece, and combined approach on the root surface topography in subgingival debridement. Clin Exp Dent Res 2020; 6:470-477. [PMID: 32573120 PMCID: PMC7453770 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of root‐shape inserts mounted on a reciprocating handpiece during the procedure of root surface debridement (RSD) on extracted teeth. Three different approaches were compared: ultrasonic scaling, employment of root‐shape inserts mounted on a reciprocating handpiece, and a combination of both. Materials and Methods A total of 51 extracted teeth were divided into three groups. The first group was instrumented with an ultrasonic scaler, the second group with flexible root‐shape inserts mounted on a reciprocating handpiece (grain size 40, 15, and 4 μm), whereas the final group underwent a combination of both approaches. The time required for the instrumentation was taken. The specimens were subjected to optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the photographs were evaluated by three examiners who were blinded to the study. The parameters included were: SEM roughness index (SRI) for the roughness calculation, remaining calculus Index (RCI) to evaluate the residual calculus deposits, and loss of tooth substance index (LTSI) to evaluate the loss of tooth substance caused by instrumentation. Result The results revealed that the time taken for the instrumentation was on average longer when the root‐shape inserts were employed alone, meanwhile the combined approach did not show significant difference in comparison with the ultrasonic scaling. The lower average RCI was obtained with a combined approach. The use of root‐shape inserts seems to cause a moderate increase in LTSI, especially in a combined approach, whereas it resulted in a better average SRI. Conclusion The employment of root‐shape inserts seems to be effective in the RSD for its ability to obtain a smooth and calculus‐free instrumented surface, especially when used in combination with an ultrasonic scaler, and their use can so represent a valid approach to be tested in further in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Dassatti
- Department of Head and Neck and Sensory Organs, Division of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Francesco Manicone
- Department of Head and Neck and Sensory Organs, Division of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Selenia Lauricella
- Department of Head and Neck and Sensory Organs, Division of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Pastorino
- Section of Hygiene, Institute of Public Health, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Filetici
- Department of Head and Neck and Sensory Organs, Division of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Nicoletti
- Department of Head and Neck and Sensory Organs, Division of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio D'Addona
- Department of Head and Neck and Sensory Organs, Division of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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Agoob Alfergany M, Nasher R, Gutknecht N. Calculus Removal and Root Surface Roughness When Using the Er:YAG or Er,Cr:YSGG Laser Compared with Conventional Instrumentation Method: A Literature Review. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2020; 37:197-226. [PMID: 31050960 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2018.4465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this literature review was to evaluate the effectiveness of using Er:YAG (erbium-doped yttrium/aluminum/garnet) laser or Er,Cr:YSGG (erbium, chromium-doped yttrium/scandium/gallium/garnet) laser on calculus removal and their effect on the topography and roughness of root surface in comparison with the conventional instruments in the nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Background data: One of the most challenging problems in treatment of periodontal disease is the elimination of plaque and calculus, leaving a clean and smooth root surface to decrease plaque and calculus retention, and for good gingival reattachment. Materials and methods: PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for available literature. The electronic search was limited to articles published in the period between January 2007 and April 2017, in the English language. Results: A total of 47 publications fulfilled the inclusion criteria of this systematic review and screened according to the research questions. Calculus removal using the ultrasonic instrument showed remaining calculus compared with the hand instrument, whereas, on the contrary, erbium lasers revealed no remaining calculus or smaller amounts compared with the conventional instruments when used in appropriate settings. The results of this review showed that ultrasonic instrumentation produced effects on the root surface almost similar to that of hand instrumentation. Er:YAG laser and Er,Cr:YSGG laser clarify a little more surface roughness when compared with conventional instruments. Conclusions: The present systematic review indicates that a combination of scaling and root planing (SRP) using the erbium lasers as an adjunctive therapy at certain parameters can be appropriate to remove residual debris from the root surface and at the same time have little or no negative thermal effect on the root surface. The Er:YAG laser also seems to be the most suitable for nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Additional new good-designed studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of erbium lasers with SRP in nonsurgical periodontal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muftah Agoob Alfergany
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Riman Nasher
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Norbert Gutknecht
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
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11
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Macrophage response and surface analysis of dental cementum after treatment with high intensity focused ultrasound. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 98:195-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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OSUNA LGG, OLIVEIRA GJPLD, TEIXEIRA LHDS, MARQUEZ CO, IRIE MS, SOARES PBF. The effect of a 3% hydroxyapatite paste prophylaxis after different root-scaling procedures in periodontics. REVISTA DE ODONTOLOGIA DA UNESP 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-2577.04019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Introduction Root-scaling procedures on the root surface show to increase root surface roughness during instrumentation. The use of a prophylactic paste reduces the roughness. Objetive This study evaluated the influence of prophylaxis paste on the surface roughness of root dentin after hand instruments (HI), ultrasonic scalers (US) and rotational instruments (RI) were applied to root surfaces. Material and method Fifty bovine roots were prepared and randomly divided into 10 groups (n=5) in which instrumentation with HI, US, or RI was carried out with or without prophylaxis using either conventional or 3% hydroxyapatite paste; additionally, a control group without treatment was included. The Ra and Rz roughness values were measured using a perfilometer. The morphological aspects of the root surfaces were analysed qualitatively by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were analysed using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test (α = 0.05). Result The scaling method and the prophylaxis procedure significantly influenced (p < 0.05) root surface roughness. Treatment with US and prophylaxis with 3% hydroxyapatite paste resulted in lower values of Ra (0.14 μm ± 0.02 μm) and Rz (0.89 μm ± 0.18 μm) compared to the other groups. SEM analysis showed smoother and more homogeneous surfaces in the groups with prophylaxis compared to the groups without prophylaxis. There were no substantial differences between the results of applying different pastes. Conclusion The prophylaxis procedure performed with the experimental paste containing 3% hydroxyapatite reduced the roughness of root surfaces treated with HI, US and RI at the same level as the conventional prophylactic paste.
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Maritato M, Orazi L, Laurito D, Formisano G, Serra E, Lollobrigida M, Molinari A, De Biase A. Root surface alterations following manual and mechanical scaling: A comparative study. Int J Dent Hyg 2018; 16:553-558. [DOI: 10.1111/idh.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Maritato
- Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - L Orazi
- Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - D Laurito
- Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - G Formisano
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation; Istituto Superiore di Sanità; Rome Italy
| | - E Serra
- ENEA Materials Technology Unit; Casaccia Research Center; Rome Italy
| | - M Lollobrigida
- Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - A Molinari
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation; Istituto Superiore di Sanità; Rome Italy
| | - A De Biase
- Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
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Türktekin F, Buduneli N, Lappin DF, Türk T, Buduneli E. Diamond burs versus curettes in root planing: a randomized clinical trial. Aust Dent J 2018; 63:242-252. [PMID: 29432640 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study compares diamond burs and curettes by clinical, microbiological, biochemical and scanning electron microscopic parameters and treatment time data in the non-surgical periodontal treatment of patients with chronic periodontitis. METHODS Two quadrants of each of the 12 patients received root planing with diamond burs, whereas the other two quadrants were treated with curettes. Clinical periodontal measurements were recorded at baseline and then 1, 3 and 6 months after completion of non-surgical periodontal treatment. Subgingival plaque and gingival crevicular fluid samples were obtained at baseline and 1-month control. Twenty-one hopeless teeth received root planing with diamond burs or curettes or no treatment and then extracted for microscopic evaluations. RESULTS Clinical periodontal parameters improved similarly with both treatment modalities. Microbiological analyses revealed similar findings for the bacterial load (16S gene copy numbers) and ratio of each bacterium to the total bacterial count at baseline and 1-month control. Cytokine levels in the gingival crevicular fluid samples exhibited differences between the two treatments. Scanning electron microscopic analyses indicated that diamond burs were better in terms of calculus removal and loss of tooth substance indices but roughness index values were better for curettes. CONCLUSIONS Diamond burs provide findings comparable with curettes in root planing.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Türktekin
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - N Buduneli
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - D F Lappin
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Dental Hospital and School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - T Türk
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - E Buduneli
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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15
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Rohani B, Barekatain M, Farhad SZ, Haghayegh N. Influence of Hand Instrumentation and Ultrasonic Scaling on the Microleakage of various Cervical Restorations: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017. [PMID: 28621270 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In cervical lesions, various restorative materials can be inserted, which can be affected by the application of periodontal scalers. This study evaluated and compared the marginal seal of class V glass ionomer, composite resin, and amalgam restorations after subjecting them to hand instrumentation and ultrasonic scaling. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experimental study, 30 sound human first premolars were selected. In each tooth, buccal and lingual cavities (4 mm mesiodistal width, 3 mm occlusogingival height, and 2 mm depth) were made. The teeth were randomly assigned to three groups of 10 teeth: (1) Glass ionomer group, (2) composite group, and (3) amalgam group. Teeth were subjected to thermocycling procedure for 1,000 cycles between 5 and 55°C water baths and a 1-minute dwell time. Then, each group was randomly subdivided: (1) Margins of 30 restorations were exposed to hand instrumentation procedures by applying 10 working strokes, (2) margins of 30 restorations were exposed to a periodontal tip mounted on a piezoelectric ultrasonic handpiece working at 25 kHz for 10 seconds. The specimens were serially sectioned mesiodistally. Each section was examined under a stereomicroscope. The extent of microleakage was ranked using a 0 to 4 scale at both occlusal and cervical margins of the restorations. Data were analyzed initially using the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by multiple comparisons using the Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon test. RESULTS The type of restorative material had a significant influence on dye penetration, whether in the enamel margin or in the dentinal margin (p < 0.001). The microleakage of glass ionomer group was the highest. No statistical differences were found in dye penetration between scaling groups (hand instrumentation and ultrasonic scaling) (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Type of restorative material had a significant influence on microleakage. No statistical differences were found in dye penetration between scaling groups. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The microleakage of glass ionomer restoration is greater than amalgam and composite restorations after subjecting them to hand instrumentation and ultrasonic scaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bita Rohani
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mehrdad Barekatain
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry Isfahan (Khurasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Shirin Z Farhad
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Isfahan (Khurasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Navid Haghayegh
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry Isfahan (Khurasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan Islamic Republic of Iran, UPH-8 51-saddlecreek Dr, Markham, Ontario, Canada, Phone: +16478791732, e-mail:
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16
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Jin C, Lee G, Oh C, Kim HJ, Kim HM. Substrate roughness induces the development of defective E-cadherin junctions in human gingival keratinocytes. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2017; 47:116-131. [PMID: 28462010 PMCID: PMC5410552 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2017.47.2.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The entry of bacteria or harmful substances through the epithelial seal of human gingival keratinocytes (HGKs) in the junctional epithelium (JE) is blocked by specialized intercellular junctions such as E-cadherin junctions (ECJs). However, the influence of roughened substrates, which may occur due to apical migration of the JE, root planing, or peri-implantitis, on the development of the ECJs of HGKs remains largely unknown. Methods HGKs were cultured on substrates with varying levels of roughness, which were prepared by rubbing hydrophobic polystyrene dishes with silicon carbide papers. The activity of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) was inhibited with SP600125 or by transfection with JNK short hairpin RNA. The development of intercellular junctions was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy or confocal laser scanning microscopy after immunohistochemical staining of the cells for E-cadherin. The expression level of phospho-JNK was assessed by immunoblotting. Results HGKs developed tight intercellular junctions devoid of wide intercellular gaps on smooth substrates and on rough substrates with low-nanometer dimensions (average roughness [Ra]=121.3±13.4 nm), although the ECJs of HGKs on rough substrates with low-nanometer dimensions developed later than those of HGKs on smooth substrates. In contrast, HGKs developed short intercellular junctions with wide intercellular gaps on rough substrates with mid- or high-nanometer dimensions (Ra=505.3±115.3 nm, 867.0±168.6 nm). Notably, the stability of the ECJs was low on the rough substrates, as demonstrated by the rapid destruction of the cell junction following calcium depletion. Inhibition of JNK activity promoted ECJ development in HGKs. JNK was closely associated with cortical actin in the regulation of ECJs in HGKs. Conclusions These results indicate that on rough substrates with nanometer dimensions, the ECJs of HGKs develop slowly or defectively, and that this effect can be reversed by inhibiting JNK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengbiao Jin
- Laboratory for the Study of Molecular Biointerfaces, Department of Oral Histology and Developmental Biology, Program of Cell and Developmental Biology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gayoung Lee
- Laboratory for the Study of Molecular Biointerfaces, Department of Oral Histology and Developmental Biology, Program of Cell and Developmental Biology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Changseok Oh
- Laboratory for the Study of Molecular Biointerfaces, Department of Oral Histology and Developmental Biology, Program of Cell and Developmental Biology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Laboratory for the Study of Molecular Biointerfaces, Department of Oral Histology and Developmental Biology, Program of Cell and Developmental Biology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Man Kim
- Laboratory for the Study of Molecular Biointerfaces, Department of Oral Histology and Developmental Biology, Program of Cell and Developmental Biology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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Yuanhong L, Zhongcheng L, Mengqi L, Daonan S, Shu Z, Shu M. [Effects of Nd: YAG laser irradiation on the root surfaces and adhesion of Streptococcus mutans]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2017; 34:579-583. [PMID: 28318157 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effects of treatment with different powers of Nd: YAG laser irradiation on root surfaces and Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) adhesion. METHODS Extracted teeth because of severe periodontal disease were divided into the following four groups: control group, laser group 1, laser group 2, and laser group 3. After scaling and root planning, laser group 1, laser group 2, and laser group 3 were separately treated with Nd: YAG laser irradiation (4/6/8 W, 60 s); however, the control group did not receive the treatment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to determine the morphology. S. mutans were cultured with root slices from each group. Colony forming unit per mL (CFU·mL⁻¹) was used to count and compare the amounts of bacteria adhesion among groups. SEM was used to observe the difference of bacteria adhesion to root surfaces between control group (scaling) and laser group 2 (6 W, 60 s), thereby indicating the different bacteria adhesions because of different treatments. RESULTS Morphology alterations indicated that root surfaces in control group contain obvious smear layer, debris, and biofilm; whereas the root surfaces in laser group contain more cracks with less smear layer and debris. The bacteria counting indicated that S. mutans adhesion to laser group was weaker than that of control group (P<0.05). No statistical significance among the laser groups (P>0.05) was observed. Morphology alterations also verified that S. mutans adhesion to laser group 2 (6 W, 60 s) was weaker than that of control group (scaling). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that Nd: YAG laser irradiation treatment after scaling can reduce smear layer, debris, and biofilm on the root surfaces as compared with conventional scaling. The laser treatment reduces the adhesion of S. mutans as well. However, Nd: YAG laser irradiation can cause cracks on the root surfaces. In this experiment, the optimum laser power of 6 W can thoroughly remove the smear layer and debris, as well as relatively improve the control of thermal damagee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yuanhong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Dept. of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Zhongcheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Dept. of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Luo Mengqi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Dept. of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shen Daonan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Dept. of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhang Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Dept. of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Meng Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Dept. of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Graetz C, Plaumann A, Wittich R, Springer C, Kahl M, Dörfer CE, El-Sayed KF. Removal of simulated biofilm: an evaluation of the effect on root surfaces roughness after scaling. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 21:1021-1028. [PMID: 27233902 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1861-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the development of less invasive devices, a debate exists about the benefits and risks of hand versus powered root surface instrumentation used in supportive periodontal therapy (SPT). The aim of the in vitro study was to differentially compare plaque removal efficacy and root surface roughening of newly developed sonic, ultrasonic scaler, and curettes in the hands of experienced versus less experienced operators. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sonic (AIR), ultrasonic devices (TIG), and double-gracey curettes (GRA) were utilized by seven experienced (EO) and four less experienced operators (LO) for root surface instrumentation of standardized plastic teeth on manikins' heads in a randomized sequence. The proportion of residual simulated plaque (RSP area in %) was planimetrically assessed, and the average root surface roughness produced (Ra and ∆Ra in μm) was measured by a precision profilometer. RESULTS The uninstrumented root surfaces showed a Ra of (median (Q25/Q75)) 1.00 μm (0.83/1.16). Following instrumentation, EO left significantly less RSP than LO regardless of the used instruments (20.00 % (10.00/34.00) vs. 26.00 % (12.00/44.00) p < 0.001), whereas the ∆Ra values (0.29 μm (-0.04/0.96) vs. 0.35 μm (-0.04/1.01), p = 0.237) failed to show significant differences. The surface roughness was higher with GRA followed by AIR then TIG regardless of operators' experience (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Within the limits of the present study, the sonic device was most efficient in plaque removal, while the ultrasonic device produced the least surface roughness. CLINICAL RELEVANCE All three tested instruments seem effective in the mechanical root debridement during SPT, whereat the ultrasonic device show the smoothest root surface of all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Graetz
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Anna Plaumann
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Robert Wittich
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Claudia Springer
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Maren Kahl
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christof E Dörfer
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Karim Fawzy El-Sayed
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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19
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Bertoldi C, Lusuardi D, Battarra F, Sassatelli P, Spinato S, Zaffe D. The maintenance of inserted titanium implants: in-vitro evaluation of exposed surfaces cleaned with three different instruments. Clin Oral Implants Res 2016; 28:57-63. [PMID: 26744027 DOI: 10.1111/clr.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Changes to titanium implants smooth-surfaces after instrumentation were comparatively analyzed using low-vacuum scanning electron microscopy (LV-SEM) and white-light confocal (WLC) profilometry, to accurately evaluate curved surfaces. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty titanium implants screwed to their abutments were randomly split into three groups for cleaning treatment with (S) stainless-steel Gracey-curettes, (T) titanium Langer-curettes, and (P) an ultrasonic-device with the probe covered with a plastic-tip. One sector of each implant was left unprocessed (U). The other sectors were cleaned for either 60 s, to simulate a single cleaning session, or 180 s to simulate a series of sessions. Surface morphology was analyzed by LV-SEM, without metal sputtering. Quantitative evaluations of the roughness of surfaces were performed using a WLC-profilometer. The Wilcoxon and the Mann-Whitney tests were used in statistical comparisons. RESULTS U-surfaces showed that thin transverse ridges and grooves, i.e. a polarized surface roughness was substantially compromised after S-instrumentation. Small surface alterations, increasing with time, were also recorded after T-·and·P-instrumentation, although to a lesser degree. The gap of the fixture-abutment connection appeared almost completely clean after T-, clotted with titanium debris after S-, and clotted with plastic debris after P-treatment. The mean roughness (Ra) was unchanged after P-, significantly increased after S- and decreased after T-treatment, when compared with U. The Rz roughness-parameter, calculated along the fixture Y-axis, of S, T, and P resulted similar and significantly lower than that of U. Rz (X-axis) resulted unchanged after P-, slightly increased (+40%) after T-, and greatly increased (+260%) after S-treatment, this latter being statistically significant when compared with U. CONCLUSIONS The careful use of titanium-curettes could produce only minimal smooth surface alteration particularly over prolonged treatments, and avoid debris production that could endanger implant preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Bertoldi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | | | - Paolo Sassatelli
- Department of Engineering "Enzo Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Davide Zaffe
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Silva D, Martins O, Matos S, Lopes P, Rolo T, Baptista I. Histological and profilometric evaluation of the root surface after instrumentation with a new piezoelectric device - ex vivo study. Int J Dent Hyg 2014; 13:138-44. [PMID: 24995862 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES An ex vivo model was designed to profilometrically and histologically assess root changes resulting from scaling with a new ultrasonic device, designed for bone piezoelectric surgery, in comparison with curettes. METHODS Three groups of 10 periodontal hopeless teeth were each subjected to different root instrumentation: Gracey curettes (CUR); ultrasonic piezoelectric device, Perio 100% setting, level 8 (P100); and ultrasonic piezoelectric device Surg 50% setting, level 1 (S50). After extraction, all teeth were photographed to visually assess the presence of dental calculus. The treated root surfaces were profilometrically evaluated (Ra, Rz, Rmax). Undecalcified histological sections were prepared to assess qualitative changes in cementum thickness. Statistical analysis was carried out using one-way anova test with a significance level of 95%. RESULTS Both instruments proved to be effective in the complete removal of calculus. The CUR group presented the lowest Ra [2.28 μm (±0.58)] and S50 the highest [3.01 μm (±0.61)]. No statistically significant differences were detected among the three groups, for Ra, Rz and Rmax. Histologically, there was a cementum thickness reduction in all groups, being higher and more irregular in S50 group. CONCLUSIONS Within the limits of this study, there were no statistically significant differences in roughness parameters analyzed between curettes and the ultrasonic piezoelectric unit. This new instrument removes a smaller amount of cementum, mainly at the Perio 100% power setting, which appears to be the least damaging. The ultrasonic device is effective in calculus removal, proving to be as effective as curettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Silva
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dentistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Rosales-Leal JI, Flores AB, Contreras T, Bravo M, Cabrerizo-Vílchez MA, Mesa F. Effect of root planing on surface topography: an in-vivo
randomized experimental trial. J Periodontal Res 2014; 50:205-10. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. I. Rosales-Leal
- Prosthodontics Department; School of Dentistry; University of Granada; Granada Spain
| | - A. B. Flores
- Periodontology Department; School of Dentistry; University of Granada; Granada Spain
| | - T. Contreras
- Periodontology Department; School of Dentistry; University of Granada; Granada Spain
| | - M. Bravo
- Preventive Department; School of Dentistry; University of Granada; Granada Spain
| | | | - F. Mesa
- Periodontology Department; School of Dentistry; University of Granada; Granada Spain
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Dahiya P, Kamal R. Rotary instruments in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: A randomized clinical trial. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2014; 17:748-52. [PMID: 24554884 PMCID: PMC3917204 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.124493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The study aimed at comparing the effectiveness of rotary instruments with hand instruments in non-surgical treatment of chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods: Thirty-eight patients with chronic periodontitis, enrolled to this randomized, controlled clinical trial, were divided into two groups. Patients in the control group received scaling and root planing with hand instruments, whereas patients in the test group received treatment with rotary instruments. Clinical assessment by plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing depth, gingival recession, and clinical attachment level was made prior to and at 6 months after treatment. Differences in the clinical parameters were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test and Mann–Whitney U test. Results: Both treatments resulted in a significant improvement in all clinical recordings, but no differences in any of the investigated parameters were observed at baseline between the two groups. Conclusion: Non-surgical periodontal therapy with the tested rotary instruments may lead to clinical improvements comparable to those obtained with conventional hand instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Dahiya
- Department of Periodontics and Implantology, Himachal Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Paonta Sahib, Sirmour, India
| | - Reet Kamal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology H. P. Government Dental College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
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