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The role of echocardiography in the evaluation of cardiac re-modelling and differentiation between physiological and pathological hypertrophy in teenagers engaged in competitive amateur sports. Cardiol Young 2017; 27:706-712. [PMID: 27751193 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951116001116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Aims "Athlete's heart" is a cardiac adaptation to long-term intensive training. The aims of this study were to show the prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy in teenagers who participate in sports, to define the different types of cardiac re-modelling, and to differentiate between physiological and pathological hypertrophy. METHOD Echocardiographic measurements were obtained by M-mode, two dimensional, and Doppler techniques of participants from sports and control groups. RESULTS The echocardiographic examinations included 100 healthy teenagers taking part in dynamic sports such as football and basketball and 100 healthy teenagers taking part in static sports such as karate and judo. The control group (n=100) included healthy, sedentary teenagers. Sports participants had significantly higher left ventricular mass when compared with the control group, (p0.05). Respondents from both groups had E/A ratios (transmitral flow velocity ratio)>1, preserved diastolic function, and statistically they did not differ from the control group. CONCLUSION Echocardiographic parameters show that physiological hypertrophy and cardiac re-modelling are present in teenagers who play sports. Unexpectedly, the prevalence of concentric and eccentric types of re-modelling is equally possible in the group of static sports participants.
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Kokko S, Selänne H, Alanko L, Heinonen OJ, Korpelainen R, Savonen K, Vasankari T, Kannas L, Kujala UM, Aira T, Villberg J, Parkkari J. Health promotion activities of sports clubs and coaches, and health and health behaviours in youth participating in sports clubs: the Health Promoting Sports Club study. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2015; 1:e000034. [PMID: 27900129 PMCID: PMC5117060 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2015-000034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sports clubs form a potential setting for health promotion, but the research is limited. The aim of the Health Promoting Sports Club (HPSC) study was to elucidate the current health promotion activities of youth sports clubs and coaches, and to investigate the health behaviours and health status of youth participating in sports clubs compared to non-participants. Methods and analysis The study design employs cross-sectional multilevel and multimethod research with aspirations to a prospective cohort study in the next phase. The setting-based variables at sports clubs and coaching levels, and health behaviour variables at the individual level, are investigated using surveys; and total levels of physical activity are assessed using objective accelerometer measurements. Health status variables will be measured by preparticipation screening. The health promotion activity of sports clubs (n=154) is evaluated by club officials (n=313) and coaches (n=281). Coaches and young athletes aged 14–16 (n=759) years evaluate the coaches’ health promotion activity. The survey of the adolescents’ health behaviours consist of two data sets—the first is on their health behaviours and the second is on musculoskeletal complaints and injuries. Data are collected via sports clubs (759 participants) and schools 1650 (665 participants and 983 non-participants). 591 (418 athletes and 173 non-athletes) youth, have already participated in preparticipation screening. Screening consists of detailed personal medical history, electrocardiography, flow-volume spirometry, basic laboratory analyses and health status screening, including posture, muscle balance, and static and dynamic postural control tests, conducted by sports and exercise medicine specialists. Ethics and dissemination The HPSC study is carried out conforming with the declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was received from the Ethics Committee of Health Care District of Central Finland. The HPSC study is close-to-practice, which generates foundations for development work within youth sports clubs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Kokko
- Department of Health Sciences , Research Center for Health Promotion, University of Jyvaskyla , Jyväskylä , Finland
| | - Harri Selänne
- LIKES Foundation for Sport and Health Sciences and Mehiläinen Sports Clinic , Jyväskylä , Finland
| | - Lauri Alanko
- Clinic of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Foundation for Sport and Exercise Medicine , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Olli J Heinonen
- Paavo Nurmi Centre and Department of Physical Activity & Health , University of Turku , Turku , Finland
| | - Raija Korpelainen
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute, Oulu, Finland; University of Oulu, Centre for Life Course Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kai Savonen
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine , Kuopio , Finland
| | - Tommi Vasankari
- UKK Institute of Health Promotion Research , Tampere , Finland
| | - Lasse Kannas
- Department of Health Sciences , Research Center for Health Promotion, University of Jyvaskyla , Jyväskylä , Finland
| | - Urho M Kujala
- Department of Health Sciences , Research Center for Health Promotion, University of Jyvaskyla , Jyväskylä , Finland
| | - Tuula Aira
- Department of Health Sciences , Research Center for Health Promotion, University of Jyvaskyla , Jyväskylä , Finland
| | - Jari Villberg
- Department of Health Sciences , Research Center for Health Promotion, University of Jyvaskyla , Jyväskylä , Finland
| | - Jari Parkkari
- UKK Institute of Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland; Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, Tampere, Finland
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Tischer SG, Mattsson N, Storgaard M, Høfsten DE, Høst NB, Andersen LJ, Prescott E, Rasmusen HK. Results of voluntary cardiovascular examination of elite athletes in Denmark: Proposal for Nordic collaboration. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2015; 26:64-73. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.12405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. G. Tischer
- Department of Cardiology; Bispebjerg Hospital; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - N. Mattsson
- Department of Cardiology; Bispebjerg Hospital; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - M. Storgaard
- Sports Medical Team; Team Denmark; Brøndby Denmark
| | - D. E. Høfsten
- Department of Cardiology; Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - N. B. Høst
- Department of Cardiology; Bispebjerg Hospital; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - L. J. Andersen
- Department of Cardiology; Roskilde Hospital; Roskilde Denmark
| | - E. Prescott
- Department of Cardiology; Bispebjerg Hospital; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - H. K. Rasmusen
- Department of Cardiology; Bispebjerg Hospital; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
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Kokko S. Sports clubs as settings for health promotion: fundamentals and an overview to research. Scand J Public Health 2015; 42:60-5. [PMID: 25416575 DOI: 10.1177/1403494814545105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This paper explores the efficacy and value of sports clubs as a setting for health promotion. Sports clubs for children and adolescents are the primary focus of the paper, and the aims are two-fold. AIMS Firstly, the paper aims to review the basis for and elements of the health promoting sports club (HPSC) concept. Secondly, the aim is to overview the international evolution of the HPSC concept and its usefulness in the research. The settings-based health promotion approach forms the basis for the HPSC concept and it is introduced first. Thereafter, both obligating and prospecting factors, to justify the importance for sports clubs to address health promotion, are expressed. Major prospecting factors relate to the facts that sports club activities reach a lot of children and adolescents, and that its educational nature is informal due to voluntary participation. The paper also presents multilevel structure of sports clubs, as well as the determinants affecting the settings-based work. The research concerning health promotion in sports-related settings is evolving worldwide, and Nordic countries are in the front line of this new-wave of settings-based health promotion. Indeed, it has been claimed that, for the settings approach to assimilate to current societal challenges, there is a need to widen the reach of the approach to non-traditional, non-institutional settings, like sports clubs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Kokko
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
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Gjerdalen GF, Hisdal J, Solberg EE, Andersen TE, Radunovic Z, Steine K. The Scandinavian athlete's heart; echocardiographic characteristics of male professional football players. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2014; 24:e372-80. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.12178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. F. Gjerdalen
- Section of Vascular Investigations; Oslo University Hospital, Aker; Oslo Norway
- Bjorknes College; Oslo Norway
| | - J. Hisdal
- Section of Vascular Investigations; Oslo University Hospital, Aker; Oslo Norway
- Bjorknes College; Oslo Norway
| | - E. E. Solberg
- Department of Medicine; Diakonhjemmet Hospital; Oslo Norway
| | - T. E. Andersen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center; Department of Sports Medicine; Norwegian School of Sports Sciences; Oslo Norway
| | - Z. Radunovic
- Department of Cardiology; Oslo University Hospital, Aker; Oslo Norway
| | - K. Steine
- Department of Cardiology; Akershus University Hospital; Lorenskog Norway
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Löllgen H, Leyk D, Hansel J. The pre-participation examination for leisure time physical activity: general medical and cardiological issues. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2010; 107:742-9. [PMID: 21079722 PMCID: PMC2977991 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2010.0742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is current debate on the appropriate type and extent of medical testing for amateur and hobby athletes before they engage in sports. In particular, views diverge on the value of an ECG at rest. METHODS We selectively searched the Medline and Embase databases for relevant publications that appeared from 1990 to 2008. The most pertinent ones are discussed here along with current reviews and guidelines that give recommendations on pre-participation testing for amateur athletes. RESULTS History-taking and physical examination are standard around the world. The American guidelines on pre-participation examination do not recommend an ECG at rest, yet the guidelines for most European countries explicitly recommend it. No prospective cohort studies have been performed to date that might provide high-grade evidence (class and level) to support this practice. We discuss the pros and cons of an ECG at rest and also present the guideline recommendations on exercise-ECG testing for amateur athletes over age 40. CONCLUSION In accordance with the current European recommendations, and in consideration of the risks of athletic activity, we recommend that all persons participating in sports should undergo a pre-participation examination that includes an ECG at rest. Although primary-prevention campaigns advise physically inactive persons to get regular exercise, prospective studies are still lacking as a basis for recommendations in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Löllgen
- Praxisgemeinschaft Innere Med./Kardiologie, 42853 Remscheid, Germany.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The problem of sudden death in the young is currently debated and measures for prevention are being evaluated worldwide. Information on the incidence and causes of sudden (cardiac) death in the young (1-40 years) is essential for the development of these preventive strategies. METHODS Incidence estimates and causes of death were determined using death certificate data of out-of-hospital sudden deaths recorded by Statistics Netherlands from 1996 to 2006. To define sudden death, International Classification of Diseases codes were selected based on a systematic review of the literature assessing the most common causes of sudden death in the young. RESULTS The incidence of sudden death was 2.07 (2.06-2.07 per 100 000 person-years). The incidence was higher for men (2.86 per 100 000 person-years) than for women (1.24 per 100 000 person-years) and increased by age. The majority of sudden deaths was of cardiac origin. Sudden cardiac death incidence was 1.62 (1.61-1.62 per 100 000 person-years). In 9% the cause of death remained unexplained. CONCLUSION The incidence of sudden death in the young is 2.07 per 100 000 person-years. Treatable cardiac causes (such as coronary atherosclerosis and inherited cardiac diseases) are often underlying for the sudden death. This information is helpful in the development of preventive strategies.
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Bibliography. Current world literature. Imaging and echocardiography. Curr Opin Cardiol 2008; 23:512-5. [PMID: 18670264 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0b013e32830d843f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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