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Rinta-Antila K, Koski P, Aira T, Heinonen OJ, Korpelainen R, Parkkari J, Savonen K, Toivo K, Uusitalo A, Valtonen M, Vasankari T, Villberg J, Kokko S. Perceived coaches' health promotion activity, maintenance of participation in sports, and lifestyle habits among emerging adults: a four-year follow-up study. Ann Med 2024; 56:2321327. [PMID: 38658832 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2321327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study focused on how adolescents' perceptions of coaches' health promotion activity predict maintained participation and dropout in organized sports in emerging adulthood. In addition, differences in lifestyle habits between maintainers, dropouts, and nonparticipants in organized sports were explored. MATERIALS AND METHODS Overall, 616 adolescents reported organized sports participation in the Finnish Health Promoting Sports Club (FHPSC) study at ages 15 and 19. Of these, 323 reported coach's health promotion activity on health topics at the age of 15. An index of a coach's general health promotion activity was formed. At age 19, all study participants reported their lifestyle habits. RESULTS Among males, those who had perceived coaches' general health promotion activity as frequent were more likely to be maintainers than dropouts (48.6% vs. 20.0%) (p = .002). Among females, there was no significant difference (32.0% vs. 28.4%). Logistic regression analysis adjusted for gender showed that perceiving coach's general health promotion activity as frequent increased the odds of being a maintainer rather than a dropout. Moreover, maintainers had higher odds of having healthy lifestyle habits when compared to nonparticipants (related to physical activity; sleep; fruit and vegetable consumption; and cigarette use) or dropouts (related to physical activity; and cigarette use). In addition, dropouts had higher odds of having healthy lifestyle habits than nonparticipants (related to sleep; and cigarette use). CONCLUSIONS Perceiving coaches' health promotion activity as frequent was related to maintained participation in organized sports among males. Maintainers were more likely to have more healthy lifestyle habits than nonparticipants and dropouts. There is a need to invest in coaches' health promotion activity when it is infrequent. A more detailed understanding is needed of coaches' health promotion activity that supports both maintained participation in sports, especially among females, and healthy lifestyle habits in emerging adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Rinta-Antila
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Research Centre for Health Promotion, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Pasi Koski
- Department of Teacher Education, University of Turku, Rauma, Finland
| | - Tuula Aira
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Research Centre for Health Promotion, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Olli J Heinonen
- Paavo Nurmi Centre & Unit for Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Raija Korpelainen
- Medical Research Center (MRC), University of Oulu and University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation sr., Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jari Parkkari
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Research Centre for Health Promotion, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kai Savonen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kerttu Toivo
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Arja Uusitalo
- Clinic for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Foundation for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Tommi Vasankari
- UKK Institute of Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jari Villberg
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Research Centre for Health Promotion, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Sami Kokko
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Research Centre for Health Promotion, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Rinta-Antila K, Koski P, Aira T, Heinonen OJ, Korpelainen R, Parkkari J, Savonen K, Toivo K, Uusitalo A, Valtonen M, Vasankari T, Villberg JJ, Kokko S. Sports-related factors predicting maintained participation and dropout in organized sports in emerging adulthood: A four-year follow-up study. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14523. [PMID: 37852930 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
This study explored sports-related factors predicting organized sports participation in emerging adulthood. In the Finnish Health Promoting Sports Club (FHPSC) study, 354 sports club participants aged 15 at baseline reported their main sport, onset age, training volume, current competitive level, and future competitive orientation and participated in the follow-up study at age 19. There were differences in the proportions of maintainers and dropouts in a few sports: football (maintainers 58.6%), and among females, skating (maintainers 60.7%), and swimming (dropouts 80.0%). A binary logistic regression analysis showed that those who had started their main sport by school age (females OR 3.05/95% CI 1.34, 6.98; males OR 3.97/95% CI 1.48, 10.64) and had competed at national top level plus had aimed at success at the adult level competitions in future (females OR 3.42/95% CI 1.16, 10.09; males OR 3.58/95% CI 1.12, 11.41; among females, also had competed at national top level plus had aimed at success at junior level competitions [OR 3.42/95% CI 1.20, 9.78]) were more likely maintainers than dropouts. Early onset in the main sport and competitiveness were related to maintained sports participation while the opposites were related to dropouts in the current organized sports system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Rinta-Antila
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Research Centre for Health Promotion, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Pasi Koski
- Department of Teacher Education, University of Turku, Rauma, Finland
| | - Tuula Aira
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Research Centre for Health Promotion, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Olli J Heinonen
- Paavo Nurmi Centre and Unit for Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Raija Korpelainen
- Medical Research Center (MRC), University of Oulu and University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation sr., Oulu, Finland
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jari Parkkari
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Research Centre for Health Promotion, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kai Savonen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Science Service Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kerttu Toivo
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Arja Uusitalo
- Clinic for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Foundation for Sports and Exercise Medicine Alppikatu 2, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Tommi Vasankari
- UKK Institute of Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jari J Villberg
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Research Centre for Health Promotion, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Sami Kokko
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Research Centre for Health Promotion, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Heikkilä L, Korpelainen R, Aira T, Alanko L, Heinonen OJ, Kokko S, Parkkari J, Savonen K, Toivo K, Valtonen M, Vasankari T, Villberg J, Vanhala M. Is health promotion in sports clubs associated with adolescent participants' fruit and vegetable consumption? Eur J Public Health 2023; 33:1102-1108. [PMID: 37665763 PMCID: PMC10710333 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckad158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although sports clubs' potential for health promotion is acknowledged, research on whether they promote healthy eating is limited. We aimed to evaluate Finnish youth sports clubs' health promotion orientation, as well as associations between sports clubs' health promotion orientation, coaches' nutritional discussions and sports club participants' (SPs') fruit and/or vegetable consumption. METHODS The cross-sectional study included 554 SPs aged 14-16 years, 275 club officials and 311 coaches. Participants replied to questionnaires about sports clubs' health promotion and their own health behaviours, including dietary habits. Health promotion orientation was estimated using a Health Promoting Sports Club (HPSC) index (range 0-22) and nutritional discussions and fruit and/or vegetable consumption as frequencies. A mixed-effects multivariable logistic regression was used to analyse the associations. RESULTS Most sports clubs (69%) had a high health promotion orientation, but the variation between the clubs was wide (HPSC index range 5-21). SPs' daily fruit and/or vegetable consumption was associated with female gender [odds ratio (OR) 3.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.23-5.42, P < 0.001], better self-rated health (OR 3.26, 95% CI 1.13-9.41, P = 0.03), higher average school grades (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.04-2.67, P = 0.03), and SPs' responses that their coach had often discussed nutrition (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.41-3.14, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Although sports clubs' orientation towards health promotion was mostly high, it seems not to be enough to promote healthy eating among adolescent participants. Instead, coaches' nutritional discussions were associated with adolescents' fruit and/or vegetable consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Heikkilä
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation sr, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Raija Korpelainen
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation sr, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuula Aira
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Lauri Alanko
- Sports Medicine Clinic, Foundation for Sports and Exercise Clinic, Helsinki, Finland
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Clinic, Central Finland Hospital Nova, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Olli J Heinonen
- Paavo Nurmi Centre & Unit for Physical Activity and Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sami Kokko
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jari Parkkari
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kai Savonen
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Science Service Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kerttu Toivo
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, Tampere, Finland
- UKK Institute of Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Maarit Valtonen
- Finnish Institute of High Performance Sports KIHU, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tommi Vasankari
- UKK Institute of Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jari Villberg
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Marja Vanhala
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation sr, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Aira T, Vasankari T, Heinonen OJ, Korpelainen R, Kotkajuuri J, Parkkari J, Savonen K, Toivo K, Uusitalo A, Valtonen M, Villberg J, Vähä-Ypyä H, Kokko SP. Psychosocial and health behavioural characteristics of longitudinal physical activity patterns: a cohort study from adolescence to young adulthood. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2156. [PMID: 37924075 PMCID: PMC10625285 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17122-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The decline in physical activity (PA) during adolescence is well-established. However, while some subgroups of adolescents follow the general pattern of decreased activity, others increase or maintain high or low activity. The correlates and determinants of different PA patterns may vary, offering valuable information for targeted health promotion. This study aimed to examine how psychosocial factors, health behaviours, and PA domains are associated with longitudinal PA patterns from adolescence to young adulthood. METHODS This prospective study encompassed 254 participants measured at mean ages 15 and 19. Device-measured moderate-to-vigorous PA was grouped into five patterns (activity maintainers, inactivity maintainers, decreasers from moderate to low PA, decreasers from high to moderate PA, increasers) via a data-driven method, K-Means for longitudinal data. Multinomial logistic regression was used to analyse the associations between health behaviours, psychosocial factors, PA domains, and different PA patterns. RESULTS A lack of sports club participation characterised inactivity maintainers throughout adolescence. Difficulties in communicating with one's father at age 15 were associated with higher odds of belonging to inactivity maintainers and to decreasers from moderate to low PA. Lower fruit and vegetable consumption at age 19 was also related to increased odds of belonging to the groups of inactivity maintainers and decreasers from moderate to low PA. Smoking at age 19 was associated with being a decreaser from moderate to low PA. CONCLUSIONS Diverse factors characterise longitudinal PA patterns over the transition to young adulthood. Sports club participation contributes to maintained PA. Moreover, a father-adolescent relationship that supports open communication may be one determinant for sustained PA during adolescence. A healthier diet and non-smoking as a young adult are associated with more favourable PA development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuula Aira
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Research Centre for Health Promotion, University of Jyväskylä, PL 35, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland.
| | - Tommi Vasankari
- UKK Institute of Health Promotion Research, Kaupinpuistonkatu 1, FI-33500, Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli J Heinonen
- Paavo Nurmi Centre & Unit for Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Kiinamyllykatu 10, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Raija Korpelainen
- Medical Research Center (MRC), University of Oulu and University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation sr, P.O. Box 365, FI-90101, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jimi Kotkajuuri
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jari Parkkari
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, Kaupinpuistonkatu 1, FI-33500, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, PL 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kai Savonen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Haapaniementie 16, FI-70100, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kerttu Toivo
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, Kaupinpuistonkatu 1, FI-33500, Tampere, Finland
| | - Arja Uusitalo
- Clinic for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Foundation for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Mäkelänkatu 47, FI-00550, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, University of Helsinki, Clinicum, Finland
| | - Maarit Valtonen
- Finnish Institute for High Performance Sport KIHU, Jyväskylä Finland, Rautpohjankatu 6, FI-40700, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jari Villberg
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Research Centre for Health Promotion, University of Jyväskylä, PL 35, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland
| | - Henri Vähä-Ypyä
- UKK Institute of Health Promotion Research, Kaupinpuistonkatu 1, FI-33500, Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sami P Kokko
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Research Centre for Health Promotion, University of Jyväskylä, PL 35, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland
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Aira T, Kokko SP, Heinonen OJ, Korpelainen R, Kotkajuuri J, Parkkari J, Savonen K, Toivo K, Uusitalo A, Valtonen M, Villberg J, Niemelä O, Vähä-Ypyä H, Vasankari T. Longitudinal physical activity patterns and the development of cardiometabolic risk factors during adolescence. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023; 33:1807-1820. [PMID: 37254479 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the associations between longitudinal physical activity (PA) patterns and the development of cardiometabolic risk factors from adolescence to young adulthood. METHODS This cohort study encompassed 250 participants recruited from sports clubs and schools, and examined at mean age 15 and 19. Device-measured moderate-to-vigorous PA was grouped into five patterns (via a data-driven method, using inactivity maintainers as a reference). The outcomes were: glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure, and body mass index (BMI). Linear growth curve models were applied with adjustment for sex, age, fruit/vegetable consumption, cigarette/snuff use, and change in the device wear-time. RESULTS Insulin and BMI increased among decreasers from moderate to low PA (β for insulin 0.23, 95% CI 0.03-0.46; β for BMI 0.90; CI 0.02-1.78). The concentration of HDL cholesterol decreased (β -0.18, CI -0.31 to -0.05) and that of glucose increased (β 0.18, CI 0.02-0.35) among decreasers from high to moderate PA. By contrast, among increasers, blood pressure declined (systolic β -6.43, CI -12.16 to -0.70; diastolic β -6.72, CI -11.03 to -2.41). CONCLUSIONS Already during the transition to young adulthood, changes in PA are associated with changes in cardiometabolic risk factors. Favorable blood pressure changes were found among PA increasers. Unfavorable changes in BMI, insulin, glucose, and HDL cholesterol were found in groups with decreasing PA. The changes were dependent on the baseline PA and the magnitude of the PA decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuula Aira
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Research Centre for Health Promotion, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Sami Petteri Kokko
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Research Centre for Health Promotion, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Olli Juhani Heinonen
- Paavo Nurmi Centre & Unit for Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Raija Korpelainen
- Medical Research Center (MRC), University of Oulu and University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation sr., Oulu, Finland
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jimi Kotkajuuri
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jari Parkkari
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kai Savonen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kerttu Toivo
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Arja Uusitalo
- Clinic for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Foundation for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maarit Valtonen
- Research Institute for Olympic Sports, Jyväskylä Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jari Villberg
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Research Centre for Health Promotion, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Onni Niemelä
- Medical Research Unit and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seinäjoki Central Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Henri Vähä-Ypyä
- UKK Institute of Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tommi Vasankari
- UKK Institute of Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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Aira T, Vasankari T, Heinonen O, Korpelainen R, Parkkari J, Savonen K, Uusitalo A, Valtonen M, Villberg J, Kokko S. O9-1 Physical activity change and stability patterns from adolescence to early adulthood: how activity domains and sedentary behaviour are associated with maintaining, increasing and decreasing activity? Eur J Public Health 2022. [PMCID: PMC9435629 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac094.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Longitudinal studies demonstrate that physical activity (PA) declines on average from adolescence to early adulthood. However, some subgroups of adolescents increase activity while others decrease or maintain high or low activity. Determinants of change or maintenance of (in)activity may differ between subgroups and are valuable information for targeted health promotion. The purpose of this study was to identify PA patterns from adolescence to early adulthood, and also to explore how different activity domains and Sedentary Behaviour (SB) are associated with PA patterns. Methods The data of this observational cohort study (collected in 2013/2014 and 2017/2018) consisted of 254 Finns at age 15 and 19 participating the Health Promoting Sports Club study. K-means cluster analysis for longitudinal data was performed to identify participant clusters (patterns) based on their accelerometry-measured moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). Associations of sports club participation (SC), active commuting (AC), and SB with PA patterns were examined by logistic regression analysis. Results (preliminary) Five MVPA patterns were identified: inactivity maintainers (n = 71), activity maintainers (n = 70), decreasers from moderate (to low) PA (n = 61), decreasers from high (to moderate) PA (n = 32), and increasers (n = 20). At age 15, SC participation (41-97%) and AC (47-75%) were common in all the patterns. By age 19, clear dropout from these activities was prevalent (SC participation mean 32%, AC 31-63%). Maintained SC participation was associated with a higher likelihood of belonging to the decreasers from high PA (OR = 11.2, CI = 1.4-90.0) and to the combined group of increasers and activity maintainers (OR = 3.6, CI = 1.8-7.4); also with a lower likelihood of being an inactivity maintainer (OR = 0.1, CI = 0.02-0.2). Dropout from SC was related to a higher likelihood of being a decreaser from high PA (OR = 10.9, CI = 1.3-90.7). Maintenance/adoption of AC was associated with a lower likelihood of being an inactivity maintainer (OR = 0.3, CI = 0.1-0.7). Decreased SB was related to a higher likelihood of belonging to the activity maintainers and increasers (OR = 0.96, CI = 0.93-0.98). Conclusions PA patterns diverge greatly over the transition to adulthood. Changes in SC participation, AC, and SB show different associations with diverging PA patterns. Hence, tailored PA promotion is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuula Aira
- Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä , Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tommi Vasankari
- UKK Institute of Health Promotion Research , Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli Heinonen
- Paavo Nurmi centre & Unit for Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku , Turku, Finland
| | - Raija Korpelainen
- Medical Research Center (MRC), University of Oulu and University Hospital of Oulu , Oulu, Finland
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu , Oulu, Finland
| | - Jari Parkkari
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine , Tampere, Finland
| | - Kai Savonen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital , Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine , Kuopio, Finland
| | - Arja Uusitalo
- Clinic for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Foundation for Sports and Exercise Medicine , Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Clinicum, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Jari Villberg
- Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä , Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Sami Kokko
- Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä , Jyväskylä, Finland
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7
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Aira T, Vasankari T, Heinonen OJ, Korpelainen R, Kotkajuuri J, Parkkari J, Savonen K, Uusitalo A, Valtonen M, Villberg J, Vähä-Ypyä H, Kokko SP. Physical activity from adolescence to young adulthood: patterns of change, and their associations with activity domains and sedentary time. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2021; 18:85. [PMID: 34193150 PMCID: PMC8246658 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-021-01130-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longitudinal studies demonstrate an average decline in physical activity (PA) from adolescence to young adulthood. However, while some subgroups of adolescents decrease activity, others increase or maintain high or low activity. Activity domains may differ between subgroups (exhibiting different PA patterns), and they offer valuable information for targeted health promotion. Hence, the aim of this study was to identify PA patterns from adolescence to young adulthood; also to explore the associations of (i) changes in PA domains and in sedentary time, (ii) sociodemographic factors, and (iii) self-rated health with diverging PA patterns. METHODS The observational cohort study data encompassed 254 adolescents at age 15 and age 19. K-means cluster analysis for longitudinal data was performed to identify participant clusters (patterns) based on their accelerometry-measured moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). Logistic regressions were applied in further analysis. RESULTS Five PA patterns were identified: inactivity maintainers (n = 71), activity maintainers (n = 70), decreasers from moderate (to low) PA (n = 61), decreasers from high (to moderate) PA (n = 32), and increasers (n = 20). At age 15, participation in sports clubs (SC, 41-97%) and active commuting (AC, 47-75%) was common in all the patterns. By age 19, clear dropout from these activities was prevalent (SC participation mean 32%, AC 31-63%). Inactivity maintainers reported the lowest amount of weekly school physical education. Dropout from SC - in contrast to non-participation in SC - was associated with higher odds of being a decreaser from high PA, and with lower odds of being an inactivity maintainer. Maintained SC participation was associated with higher odds of belonging to the decreasers from high PA, and to the combined group of activity maintainers and increasers; also with lower odds of being an inactivity maintainer. Maintenance/adoption of AC was associated with decreased odds of being an inactivity maintainer. Self-reported health at age 19 was associated with the patterns of maintained activity and inactivity. CONCLUSIONS PA patterns diverge over the transition to adulthood. Changes in SC participation and AC show different associations with diverging PA patterns. Hence, tailored PA promotion is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuula Aira
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Research Centre for Health Promotion, University of Jyväskylä, PL 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Tommi Vasankari
- UKK Institute of Health Promotion Research, Kaupinpuistonkatu 1, FI-33500, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli Juhani Heinonen
- Paavo Nurmi Centre & Unit for Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Kiinamyllykatu 10, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Raija Korpelainen
- Medical Research Center (MRC), University of Oulu and University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation sr, P.O. Box 365, FI-90101, Oulu, Finland
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jimi Kotkajuuri
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jari Parkkari
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, Kaupinpuistonkatu 1, FI-33500, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kai Savonen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Haapaniementie 16, FI-70100, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Arja Uusitalo
- Clinic for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Foundation for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Alppikatu 2, FI-00530, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maarit Valtonen
- Research Center for Olympic Sports, Rautpohjankatu 6, FI-40700, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jari Villberg
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Research Centre for Health Promotion, University of Jyväskylä, PL 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Henri Vähä-Ypyä
- UKK Institute of Health Promotion Research, Kaupinpuistonkatu 1, FI-33500, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sami Petteri Kokko
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Research Centre for Health Promotion, University of Jyväskylä, PL 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Heikkilä L, Korpelainen R, Aira T, Alanko L, Heinonen OJ, Kokko S, Kujala U, Parkkari J, Savonen K, Valtonen M, Vasankari T, Villberg J, Vanhala M. The associations between adolescents’ sports club participation and dietary habits. Transl Sports Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/tsm2.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Heikkilä
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation sr. Oulu Finland
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine University of Oulu Oulu Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu Oulu Finland
| | - Raija Korpelainen
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation sr. Oulu Finland
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine University of Oulu Oulu Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu Oulu Finland
| | - Tuula Aira
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Lauri Alanko
- Sports Medicine Clinic Foundation for Sports and Exercise Clinic Helsinki Finland
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Clinic Central Finland Hospital Nova Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Olli J. Heinonen
- Paavo Nurmi Centre & Unit for Physical Activity and Health University of Turku Turku Finland
| | - Sami Kokko
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Urho Kujala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Jari Parkkari
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine Tampere Finland
| | - Kai Savonen
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine Kuopio Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine Kuopio University Hospital Kuopio Finland
| | | | - Tommi Vasankari
- UKK Institute of Health Promotion Research Tampere Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Tampere Finland
| | - Jari Villberg
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Marja Vanhala
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation sr. Oulu Finland
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine University of Oulu Oulu Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu Oulu Finland
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Kokko S, Selänne H, Alanko L, Heinonen OJ, Korpelainen R, Savonen K, Vasankari T, Kannas L, Kujala UM, Aira T, Villberg J, Parkkari J. Health promotion activities of sports clubs and coaches, and health and health behaviours in youth participating in sports clubs: the Health Promoting Sports Club study. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2015; 1:e000034. [PMID: 27900129 PMCID: PMC5117060 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2015-000034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sports clubs form a potential setting for health promotion, but the research is limited. The aim of the Health Promoting Sports Club (HPSC) study was to elucidate the current health promotion activities of youth sports clubs and coaches, and to investigate the health behaviours and health status of youth participating in sports clubs compared to non-participants. Methods and analysis The study design employs cross-sectional multilevel and multimethod research with aspirations to a prospective cohort study in the next phase. The setting-based variables at sports clubs and coaching levels, and health behaviour variables at the individual level, are investigated using surveys; and total levels of physical activity are assessed using objective accelerometer measurements. Health status variables will be measured by preparticipation screening. The health promotion activity of sports clubs (n=154) is evaluated by club officials (n=313) and coaches (n=281). Coaches and young athletes aged 14–16 (n=759) years evaluate the coaches’ health promotion activity. The survey of the adolescents’ health behaviours consist of two data sets—the first is on their health behaviours and the second is on musculoskeletal complaints and injuries. Data are collected via sports clubs (759 participants) and schools 1650 (665 participants and 983 non-participants). 591 (418 athletes and 173 non-athletes) youth, have already participated in preparticipation screening. Screening consists of detailed personal medical history, electrocardiography, flow-volume spirometry, basic laboratory analyses and health status screening, including posture, muscle balance, and static and dynamic postural control tests, conducted by sports and exercise medicine specialists. Ethics and dissemination The HPSC study is carried out conforming with the declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was received from the Ethics Committee of Health Care District of Central Finland. The HPSC study is close-to-practice, which generates foundations for development work within youth sports clubs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Kokko
- Department of Health Sciences , Research Center for Health Promotion, University of Jyvaskyla , Jyväskylä , Finland
| | - Harri Selänne
- LIKES Foundation for Sport and Health Sciences and Mehiläinen Sports Clinic , Jyväskylä , Finland
| | - Lauri Alanko
- Clinic of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Foundation for Sport and Exercise Medicine , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Olli J Heinonen
- Paavo Nurmi Centre and Department of Physical Activity & Health , University of Turku , Turku , Finland
| | - Raija Korpelainen
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute, Oulu, Finland; University of Oulu, Centre for Life Course Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kai Savonen
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine , Kuopio , Finland
| | - Tommi Vasankari
- UKK Institute of Health Promotion Research , Tampere , Finland
| | - Lasse Kannas
- Department of Health Sciences , Research Center for Health Promotion, University of Jyvaskyla , Jyväskylä , Finland
| | - Urho M Kujala
- Department of Health Sciences , Research Center for Health Promotion, University of Jyvaskyla , Jyväskylä , Finland
| | - Tuula Aira
- Department of Health Sciences , Research Center for Health Promotion, University of Jyvaskyla , Jyväskylä , Finland
| | - Jari Villberg
- Department of Health Sciences , Research Center for Health Promotion, University of Jyvaskyla , Jyväskylä , Finland
| | - Jari Parkkari
- UKK Institute of Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland; Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, Tampere, Finland
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Abstract
Although human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) rates are increasing rapidly in Asia, a full understanding of the extent of other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in many of these areas is lacking. There have been anecdotes of rising rates of STDs in Mongolia, a country thus far relatively unaffected by HIV. To further the understanding of STDs, a prevalence study was conducted in the STD clinic in Ulaanbaatar, the capital and largest city in Mongolia. Among 260 patients, the prevalence of gonorrhoea, chlamydia and syphilis was 31.1%, 8.1% and 8.6% respectively for males and 10.3%, 9.9% and 6.0% for females. Sixty-seven per cent of females had trichomoniasis and 19.7% of males had non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU). Forty-two per cent of gonococcal isolates had plasmid mediated resistance to penicillin, and chromosomal resistance to penicillin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin was documented. No patients were infected with HIV. STDs are a significant problem in Mongolia. Improved control efforts are urgently needed to prevent the emergence of HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Schwebke
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Medicine, 35294-0006, USA.
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