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Shu X, Zhao S, Huo W, Tang Y, Zou L, Li Z, Li L, Wang X. Clinical study of a spray containing birch juice for repairing sensitive skin. Arch Dermatol Res 2023; 315:2271-2281. [PMID: 36961534 PMCID: PMC10462575 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-023-02588-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Sensitive skin is described as an unpleasant sensory response to a stimulus that should not cause a sensation. Sensitive skin affects an increasing proportion of the population. Sixty-seven participants who tested positive to lactic acid sting test were recruited and randomized into two groups to observe the clinical efficacy and safety of a new birch juice spray for repairing sensitive skin. One group used test spray A, while the other group used spray B as a control. Both groups were sprayed six times daily for 28 days. Noninvasive testing instruments were used to measure stratum corneum hydration, sebum content, transepidermal water loss rates, skin blood perfusion and current perception threshold before and after using spray. Facial images were captured by VISIA-CR, and the image analysis program (Image-Pro Plus) was used to analyze these to obtain the redness value of the facial skin. Moreover, lactic acid sting test scores and participants' self-assessments were also performed at baseline, week 2 and week 4. Both sprays A and B significantly decreased the lactic acid sting test score, transepidermal water loss rates, skin blood perfusion, and redness, while increasing the stratum corneum hydration. Compared to spray B, spray A increased sensory nerve thresholds at 5 Hz and decreased the transepidermal water loss rates, skin blood perfusion, and lactic acid sting test score. Sprays containing birch juice improved cutaneous biophysical properties in participants with sensitive skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Shu
- Cosmetics Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shizhi Zhao
- Yoseido (Shanghai) Cosmetics R&D Co., Ltd., Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Huo
- Cosmetics Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Tang
- Cosmetics Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zou
- Cosmetics Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxia Li
- Cosmetics Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Cosmetics Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Wang
- Cosmetics Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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Zuo Y, Wan R, Jiang P, Chen X, Li L, Hua W. Cowhage-induced itch scores and the current perception threshold in assessing sensitive skin: An observational laboratory study. Skin Res Technol 2023; 29:e13387. [PMID: 37357643 PMCID: PMC10242191 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of sensitive skin remains nonuniform, and the underlying mechanism is unclear. Previous studies were inconsistent in the current perception threshold (CPT) measurement for sensitive skin; thus, the neural sensitivity of sensitive skin needs to be clarified. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to compare the CPT measurement and the cowhage test for sensitive skin and to investigate the correlation between CPT values and cowhage-itch scores. METHODS Participants with and without sensitive skin (n = 30, 30) were included. The cowhage test and CPT measurement with its related sensations were performed. RESULTS No difference was found in CPT between the sensitive and nonsensitive groups at either the site of the face or the forearm (5, 250, or 2000 Hz). Once the CPT was reached, sensations (itch, stinging, and throbbing) were significantly different between the two groups. Cowhage provoked more intense itch with a longer duration in the face (visual analog scale [VAS] score 1.90 ± 1.47 vs. 0.52 ± 0.90, p < 0.001; duration 3.80 ± 3.31 vs. 0.87 ± 1.43 min, p < 0.001) and forearm (VAS 2.53 ± 2.60 vs. 0.72 ± 1.06, p < 0.001; duration 3.37 ± 3.46 vs. 1.33 ± 2.14 min, p < 0.01) of the sensitive group compared with the nonsensitive group. Cowhage-induced itch and CPT-related itch (5 Hz) showed moderate correlations in both the face (r = 0.441, p < 0.001) and forearm (r = 0.491 p < 0.001) and weak correlations in the forearm (r = 0.323 at 250 Hz, p = 0.012; r = 0.376 at 2000 Hz, p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Cowhage test showed better performance in assessing the neural sensitivity of sensitive skin in comparison with the CPT measurement. Evaluation of CPT-related sensations may add valuable information to sensitive skin assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zuo
- Department of DermatovenereologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ruoyu Wan
- Department of DermatovenereologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ping Jiang
- Department of Radiology of West China HospitalChina Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC)Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiaomei Chen
- Department of DermatovenereologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Li Li
- Department of DermatovenereologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Cosmetic Safety and Efficacy Evaluation CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Wei Hua
- Department of DermatovenereologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Cosmetic Safety and Efficacy Evaluation CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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3
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Léger DS, Luengo GS. The human touch: A connected neuro-cellular skin-brain network. Skin Res Technol 2023; 29:e13278. [PMID: 37113087 PMCID: PMC10234176 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
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Liu Y, Xu Y, Guo Z, Wang X, Xu Y, Tang L. Identifying the neural basis for rosacea using positron emission tomography‐computed tomography cerebral functional imaging analysis: A cross‐sectional study. Skin Res Technol 2022; 28:708-713. [PMID: 35644027 PMCID: PMC9907641 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neural basis of rosacea is not well understood. This study aimed to determine whether cerebral glucose metabolism (CGM) changes on 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18 F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) scans can detect functional network changes in specific brain areas in patients with rosacea. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight adults with rosacea and 10 age/sex-matched healthy adults (controls) were enrolled in the study. 18 F-FDG PET/CT brain images for all eight patients and whole-body images for two of the patients were analyzed qualitatively and semi-quantitatively. Differences between the study groups were examined using Fischer's exact test and a Student's t-test. A voxel-based analysis using statistical parametric mapping was performed to compare the brain metabolism of the patients with that of the controls. RESULTS Compared with the controls, the patients with rosacea showed extensive changes in the CGM signals in the cerebral cortex and limbic system, with less CGM shown in the right superior parietal lobule, right postcentral gyrus, right parahippocampal gyrus, left superior frontal gyrus, and lateral posterior thalamic nucleus and more CGM in the right precentral gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus, and cerebellar tonsil. No dysmetabolic lesions were found in the whole-body 18 F-FDG PET/CT images. CONCLUSION Specific neural functional changes occur in patients with rosacea that may explain its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyi Liu
- Department of Dermatology The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Yingna Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Zhe Guo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Dermatology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Dermatology The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Lijun Tang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
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Misery L, Bataille A, Talagas M, Le Gall-Ianotto C, Fouchard M, Huet F, Ficheux AS, Roudot AC, Fluhr JW, Brenaut E. Sensitive Skin Syndrome: A Low-Noise Small-Fiber Neuropathy Related to Environmental Factors? FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2022; 3:853491. [PMID: 35399156 PMCID: PMC8990967 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2022.853491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and ObjectivesPatients frequently complain of mild, transient, unpleasant skin sensations that cannot be diagnosed as common neuropathies. Dermatologists have termed these symptoms “sensitive skin syndrome.” This narrative review was performed for a better knowledge by other specialists.Databases and Data TreatmentPublications on pain in sensitive skin syndrome were obtained from PubMed.ResultsThere is a growing body of data supporting the concept that sensitive skin is a type of small-fiber neuropathy. The arguments are based on clinical data, a decrease in intra-epidermal nerve fiber density, quantitative sensory testing abnormalities and an association with irritable bowel syndrome and sensitive eyes. Sensitive skin is triggered by environmental factors. Sensitive skin is a frequent condition, with a lifetime prevalence of ~50% according to self-reports.ConclusionsMild levels of skin pain or itch are frequently experienced by patients, who rarely report them. There is a need for a better knowledge of sensitive skin because it can be the first level of small-fiber neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Misery
- Univ Brest, LIEN, Brest, France
- *Correspondence: Laurent Misery
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Joachim W. Fluhr
- Univ Brest, LIEN, Brest, France
- Department of Dermatology, Venereologie and Allergology, Charité Universitaetsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
People with self-reported sensitive skin may reluctantly use performing anti-ageing skin care products as it could elicit skin discomfort. We thus aimed to design and test an anti-ageing skin care routine that is suitable for people reporting sensitive skin. Key principles for developing products for sensitive skin were applied and formulas were screened for their mildness in vitro using the Reconstructed Human Epidermis ET50 method. Anti-ageing efficacy and mildness was evaluated during a clinical study in China, with 33 female volunteers aged 40–65 years, with sensitive skin. The anti-ageing benefits were measured using Primos 3D, the cutometer and clinical evaluation. Hallmarks for sensitive skin such as skin hydration, skin barrier, skin redness and response to lactic acid were also measured. The ET50 method yielded values suggesting moderate to mild expected irritancy effect in vivo for most of them, and non-irritating effect for the serum. During the clinical study, no physical or functional signs of discomfort were reported with twice-daily usage of the routine. Instrumental evaluation of Wrinkle depth, skin elasticity/firmness, skin hydration, skin barrier and skin redness revealed improvement at 4 and 8 weeks. Clinical evaluation evidenced skin smoothness, skin suppleness and radiance improvements. The skin was less reactive to lactic acid stimuli, while the sensitive skin burden was lowered according to the dermatological quality of life index. Lastly, a separate investigation suggested the potential relief aspect of such routines to alleviate discomforts from mask wearing. With the right formulation design, the benefits of layering products from a routine can be made accessible to people with sensitive skin while simultaneously alleviating the burden of sensitive skin.
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Abstract
Sensitive skin Syndrome (SSS) is a complex global clinical phenomenon that is defined by the self-reported presence of different sensory perceptions, including tightness, stinging, burning, tingling, pain and pruritus and often without objective signs. Due to the subjective nature of this clinical condition, the diagnosis is complex and there is often a disconnect between what subjects feel and what medical professionals can observe. This chapter reviews the known underlying physiology, some of the triggering factors associated with SSS, co-morbidities as well as the psychological impact on individuals suffering from this condition. The goal is to bridge the gap between the physicians’ understanding and the subjects’ perceptions of this real-life condition that affects so many.
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Abstract
Sensitive skin can be considered a neuropathic disorder. Sensory disorders and the decrease in intra-epidermal nerve ending density are strong arguments for small-fiber neuropathies. Sensitive skin is frequently associated with irritable bowel syndrome or sensitive eyes, which are also considered neuropathic disorders. Consequently, in vitro co-cultures of skin and neurons are adequate models for sensitive skin.
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Xiao X, Qiao L, Ye R, Zuo F. Nationwide Survey and Identification of Potential Stress Factor in Sensitive Skin of Chinese Women. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2020; 13:867-874. [PMID: 33244252 PMCID: PMC7685347 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s284359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Sensitive skin is characterized by uncomfortable sensations in response to a number of factors. We performed a large-scale study to investigate the prevalence of sensitive skin at all ages and the impacts of related factors across China. Methods A nationwide sampling of the Chinese population aged over 18 was conducted. Subjects were categorized into sensitive and non-sensitive groups, and critical differences between these two groups were investigated. Results In total, 22,085 questionnaires were collected from Chinese women with sensitive skin. The prevalence of sensitive skin is 49.6% and is associated with age, skin type, geographic area of subjects, and other factors. Heavy life stress and the application of several cosmetic products also affect the prevalence of sensitive skin. Conclusion Having a combination or oily skin type, living in the municipalities, being under heavy stress, and applying several cosmetic products will increase skin stress and contribute to the occurrence of sensitive skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyuan Qiao
- Department of Science, Inertia Shanghai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Ye
- Department of Science, Inertia Shanghai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuguo Zuo
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Sensitive skin syndrome is a widely reported complaint but a diagnostic challenge because of its subjective symptoms and lack of clearly visible manifestations. Epidemiological studies have shown the prevalence of sensitive skin to be as high as 60-70% among women and 50-60% among men. Patients with this syndrome usually have unpleasant sensations when exposed to physical, thermal, or chemical stimuli that normally cause no provocation on healthy skin. Recent studies and newly accepted position papers have provided a more in-depth understanding and consensus of its underlying pathophysiology, associations, diagnosis, and treatment. Since no clinical studies have been conducted about specific treatment protocols, patients with this condition should be provided with personalized skin management. Given this updated knowledge, our review offers an approach to sensitive skin syndrome, with differential diagnoses, and interventions targeting its pathophysiology.
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Diagnosis and Treatment of Sensitive Skin Syndrome: An Algorithm for Clinical Practice. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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13
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Huet F, Misery L. Sensitive skin is a neuropathic disorder. Exp Dermatol 2019; 28:1470-1473. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Flavien Huet
- University of Brest LIEN Brest France
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital of Brest Brest France
| | - Laurent Misery
- University of Brest LIEN Brest France
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital of Brest Brest France
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Guerra-Tapia A, Serra-Baldrich E, Prieto Cabezas L, González-Guerra E, López-Estebaranz JL. Diagnosis and Treatment of Sensitive Skin Syndrome: An Algorithm for Clinical Practice. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2019; 110:800-808. [PMID: 31146882 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensitive skin has traditionally been viewed as a cosmetic problem or as a purely psychosomatic alteration with a major subjective component. Different studies of its pathophysiologic etiology, however, have shown it to be a complex entity that several authors now consider to be a neurodermatological syndrome. Because of this complexity, skin sensitivity can be difficult to diagnose and treat, particularly considering that it may present with another disease. Simple tools applicable to clinical practice are thus necessary to identify and manage this disease as an independent entity. In this study, we perform a practical review of the most recent scientific advances in the area of sensitive skin that justify it being considered an individual entity, and provide tools for its identification and treatment. We propose diagnostic and treatment algorithms based on evidence from the literature and our experience and expertise.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Guerra-Tapia
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España; Sección de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España.
| | - E Serra-Baldrich
- Servicio Dermatología, Hospital Sant Pau, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, España
| | | | - E González-Guerra
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España; Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, España
| | - J L López-Estebaranz
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Alcorcón, Madrid, España; Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, España
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- L Misery
- Service de dermatologie, CHU de Brest, 2, avenue Foch, 29200 Brest, France; Laboratoire sur les interactions épithéliums-neurones (LIEN-EA4685), université de Bretagne Occidentale, 29200 Brest, France.
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16
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Misery L, Duboc H, Coffin B, Brenaut E, Huet F, Taieb C. Association between two painful and poorly understood conditions: Irritable bowel and sensitive skin syndromes. Eur J Pain 2019; 23:160-166. [DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Misery
- Laboratory of Neurosciences University of Western Brittany Brest France
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital of Brest Brest France
| | - Henri Duboc
- Department of Gastroenterology AP‐HP Hospital Louis Mourier Colombes France
- Faculty of Medicine Denis Diderot University Paris 7 Paris France
| | - Benoit Coffin
- Department of Gastroenterology AP‐HP Hospital Louis Mourier Colombes France
- Faculty of Medicine Denis Diderot University Paris 7 Paris France
| | - Emilie Brenaut
- Laboratory of Neurosciences University of Western Brittany Brest France
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital of Brest Brest France
| | - Flavien Huet
- Laboratory of Neurosciences University of Western Brittany Brest France
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital of Brest Brest France
| | - Charles Taieb
- EMMA Fontenay‐sous‐Bois France
- Necker Enfants Malades Hospital Paris France
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Segot-Chicq E, Salah S, Jullien M, Portal N, Deschodt C, Gagnebien D. Defining and validating a Body Skin Discomfort Index (BSDI). Int J Cosmet Sci 2018; 40:488-493. [PMID: 30155940 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand the drivers of body skin discomfort and to validate a new index to assess its severity. This index should be sensitive enough to capture changes in response to treatment. METHODS Previous consumer studies suggested seven potential main dimensions behind skin discomfort. Four of them refer to self-declarations (stinging, itching, warming and tightening), whereas three can be assessed by a dermatologist (skin dryness, redness and desquamation). Intensity and frequency or extent of these items were measured using 0-9 ordinal scales. To generate the data for validation of a new index based on the 7 items, a group of 49 subjects complaining of skin discomfort was followed up for 5 weeks: 1-week without product application to check reproducibility, followed by 4 weeks of treatment to evaluate sensitivity to change. Items not significantly reported at baseline or with changes because of treatment not sufficiently correlated with the overall change measured by the index were discarded. A control group of 49 subjects presenting no discomfort at all was also included to check the capacity of our index to discriminate both groups. The final index (Body Skin Discomfort Index, BSDI) was normalized to facilitate the clinical interpretation of the results. RESULTS After discarding warming and skin redness, the BSDI is finally a five-dimension score calculated as follows: (TI + TF + SI + SF + ItI + ItF + DI + DE + DqI + DqE) 9 9/90 where T, S, It, D and Dq refer to tightness, stinging, itching, dryness, desquamation respectively, and I, F or E refers to intensity, frequency or extent. The final BSDI score displayed a good capacity to discriminate people with skin discomfort from people with 'normal skin', a good reproducibility (intraclass coefficient correlation ICC = 0.85) and a good sensitivity to detect change because of treatment (Difference vs. Baseline of 2.63 on a 0-9 scale). CONCLUSION The developed index, BSDI, is a reliable way to address the measurement issue of the multidimensional skin discomfort syndrome. It thus should simplify the evaluation of cosmetic products effect and helps to compare products dedicated to body cleansing.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Segot-Chicq
- L'Oréal Research & Innovation, 188 rue Paul Hochart, 94550, Chevilly La Rue, France
| | - S Salah
- L'Oréal Research & Innovation, 188 rue Paul Hochart, 94550, Chevilly La Rue, France
| | - M Jullien
- L'Oréal Research & Innovation, 188 rue Paul Hochart, 94550, Chevilly La Rue, France
| | - N Portal
- L'Oréal Research & Innovation, 188 rue Paul Hochart, 94550, Chevilly La Rue, France
| | - C Deschodt
- L'Oréal Research & Innovation, 188 rue Paul Hochart, 94550, Chevilly La Rue, France
| | - D Gagnebien
- L'Oréal Research & Innovation, 188 rue Paul Hochart, 94550, Chevilly La Rue, France
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18
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Fan L, Jia Y, Cui L, Li X, He C. Analysis of sensitive skin barrier function: basic indicators and sebum composition. Int J Cosmet Sci 2018; 40:117-126. [PMID: 29215741 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sensitive skin (SS) is a condition characterised by high reactivity, low tolerance, and susceptibility to allergies of the skin. Owing to changes in the environment and marketing strategies, as well as the increasing public awareness about skin care, attention to skin condition is gradually increasing. The aim of this study is to explore the differences in the skin barrier of SS and normal skin (NS). METHODS A questionnaire survey was conducted and basic indicators of the skin barrier were analysed. It was found that sebum secretion in the SS group was lower than that in the NS group, suggesting that the development of SS might be associated with sebum secretion and its specific components. Next, an ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometer was used to identify facial sebum components in female volunteers. RESULTS The results showed that the sebum of female volunteers with SS had high levels of ceramides, glycerophosphoethanolamines, and diacylglycerols, and low levels of glucosylceramides, glycerophosphoserines, glycerophosphocholines, and triacylglycerols. CONCLUSION Analysis of lipid functions suggested that the main reason for SS development in women might be a barrier dysfunction caused by excessive apoptosis and lack of water. Therefore, anti-allergy additives in cosmetic products that could inhibit apoptosis of keratinocytes and methods to maintain the stability of water molecules in the skin should be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fan
- School of Science/Key Laboratory of Cosmetic, China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Y Jia
- School of Science/Key Laboratory of Cosmetic, China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - L Cui
- School of Science/Key Laboratory of Cosmetic, China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - X Li
- School of Science/Key Laboratory of Cosmetic, China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - C He
- School of Science/Key Laboratory of Cosmetic, China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
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Kim YR, Cheon HI, Misery L, Taieb C, Lee YW. Sensitive skin in Korean population: An epidemiological approach. Skin Res Technol 2017; 24:229-234. [DOI: 10.1111/srt.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. R. Kim
- Department of Dermatology; Konkuk University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - H. I. Cheon
- Department of Dermatology; Konkuk University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - L. Misery
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital of Brest; Brest France
- Laboratory of Neurosciences of Brest; University of Western Brittany; Brest France
| | - C. Taieb
- Department Public Health & Quality of Life; Laboratories Pierre Fabre; Paris France
| | - Y. W. Lee
- Department of Dermatology; Konkuk University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
- Research Institute of Medical Science; Konkuk University; Seoul Korea
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21
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Sun L, Wang X, Zhang Y, Wang T, Li X, Ma Y. The evaluation of neural and vascular hyper-reactivity for sensitive skin. Skin Res Technol 2016; 22:381-7. [PMID: 26841957 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impaired barrier function has been studied comprehensively but few about the heighted neural and vascular reaction for the pathogenesis of sensitive skin. METHODS Lactic acid stinging test (LAST) was used to identify sensitive subjects in selection phase. In the subsequent test phase, the baseline value of the blood flow (BF) and the current perception threshold (CPT) was measured by non-invasive instruments firstly. Then, the 0.001% capsaicin was applied to the nasolabial fold for 5 min. After the capsaicin test (CAT), the BF (immediately after the CAT) and CPT (1 h later after the CAT) were measured again. Blood sample were collected for genetic analysis of four TRPV1 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms between the positive-group and the negative-group. RESULT The positive-group had lower baseline value of CPT at 5 and 250 Hz compared with the negative-group, but no difference in baseline value of BF. After the CAT, significant variation in CPT at 5 and 250 Hz values and the BF were found in positive-group but not in negative-group. The genotype frequencies of AG/GG in RS224534 and AC/CC in RS4790523 in positive-group were higher than that of negative-group. CONCLUSION The sensitive subjects were prone to be stimulated by capsaicin to trigger neural and vascular hyper-reactivity. The genetic variation of TRPV1 and the unpleasant sensation demonstrate that TRPV1 play an important role in the pathogenesis of sensitive skin. Our study supports that sensory irritation inhibitors and anti-inflammatory compounds should be considered to be added in cosmetics to reduce the heighted neural and vascular reaction of sensitive skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sun
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital Clinical School of Anhui Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Skin & Cosmetic Research Department, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - X Wang
- Skin & Cosmetic Research Department, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Skin & Cosmetic Research Department, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - T Wang
- The First People,s Hospital of Lian Yun Gang, Lianyungang, China
| | - X Li
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital Clinical School of Anhui Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Skin & Cosmetic Research Department, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Ma
- Dermatological Department, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
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Fan L, He C, Jiang L, Bi Y, Dong Y, Jia Y. Brief analysis of causes of sensitive skin and advances in evaluation of anti-allergic activity of cosmetic products. Int J Cosmet Sci 2015; 38:120-7. [DOI: 10.1111/ics.12283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development; School of Science; Beijing Technology and Business University; Beijing 100048 China
| | - C. He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development; School of Science; Beijing Technology and Business University; Beijing 100048 China
| | - L. Jiang
- Proya Cosmetic Corporation Limited; Hangzhou 310012 China
| | - Y. Bi
- Proya Cosmetic Corporation Limited; Hangzhou 310012 China
| | - Y. Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development; School of Science; Beijing Technology and Business University; Beijing 100048 China
| | - Y. Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development; School of Science; Beijing Technology and Business University; Beijing 100048 China
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Saint-Martory C, Sibaud V, Theunis J, Mengeaud V, Lauzé C, Schmitt AM, Misery L. Arguments for neuropathic pain in sensitive skin. Br J Dermatol 2015; 172:1120-1. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Saint-Martory
- Department of Research, Exploration and Clinical Development; Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique; Toulouse France
| | - V. Sibaud
- Department of Research, Exploration and Clinical Development; Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique; Toulouse France
| | - J. Theunis
- Department of Research, Exploration and Clinical Development; Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique; Toulouse France
| | - V. Mengeaud
- Department of Research, Exploration and Clinical Development; Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique; Toulouse France
| | - C. Lauzé
- Department of Biometrics; Pierre Fabre Laboratories; Labège France
| | - A.-M. Schmitt
- Department of Research, Exploration and Clinical Development; Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique; Toulouse France
| | - L. Misery
- Laboratory of Neurosciences of Brest; University of Brest; Brest France
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital of Brest; Brest France
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Richters R, Falcone D, Uzunbajakava N, Verkruysse W, van Erp P, van de Kerkhof P. What Is Sensitive Skin? A Systematic Literature Review of Objective Measurements. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2014; 28:75-83. [DOI: 10.1159/000363149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Li S, Wang X, Gao Y, Chen S, Liu X, Wang H, Dong Y. CPT, the main test method of skin neuronal sensitivity. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2014; 34:208-11. [PMID: 25198401 DOI: 10.3109/15569527.2014.950379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many scholars concentrate on skin barrier disruption of sensitive skin, but few focus on its increased neuronal sensitivity. OBJECTIVE To study the possibility of using current perception threshold (CPT) measurement for the quantitative evaluation of skin neuronal sensitivity combined with stinging test. METHODS The amount of 50 μL 10% lactic acid was applied on each side of the nasolabial fold at random. Subjects assessed stinging based on a 4-point scale at 30 s, 2.5 min and 5.0 min. CPT and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were measured before and after stinging test. Subjects were divided into different groups based on their response to lactic acid. RESULTS There was a positive correlation between CPTbefore and the sum of clinical scores (CSs). While the beginning time of stinging (BT) was shortened, the CPTbefore decreased and TEWL increased. CONCLUSION Different degrees of skin susceptibility can be reflected by BT. CPT can be useful for the quantitative evaluation of skin neuronal sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Li
- Skin & Cosmetics Research Department, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital , Shanghai , China
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Otti A, Guendel H, Wohlschläger A, Zimmer C, Noll-Hussong M. Frequency shifts in the anterior default mode network and the salience network in chronic pain disorder. BMC Psychiatry 2013; 13:84. [PMID: 23497482 PMCID: PMC3616999 DOI: 10.1186/1471-244x-13-84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent functional imaging studies on chronic pain of various organic etiologies have shown significant alterations in both the spatial and the temporal dimensions of the functional connectivity of the human brain in its resting state. However, it remains unclear whether similar changes in intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs) also occur in patients with chronic pain disorder, defined as persistent, medically unexplained pain. METHODS We compared 21 patients who suffered from chronic pain disorder with 19 age- and gender-matched controls using 3T-fMRI. All neuroimaging data were analyzed using both independent component analysis (ICA) and power spectra analysis. RESULTS In patients suffering from chronic pain disorder, the fronto-insular 'salience' network (FIN) and the anterior default mode network (aDMN) predominantly oscillated at higher frequencies (0.20 - 0.24 Hz), whereas no significant differences were observed in the posterior DMN (pDMN) and the sensorimotor network (SMN). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that chronic pain disorder may be a self-sustaining and endogenous mental process that affects temporal organization in terms of a frequency shift in the rhythmical dynamics of cortical networks associated with emotional homeostasis and introspection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Otti
- Klinik und Poliklinik fuer Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Langerstrasse 3, Muenchen, D-81675, Germany
- Abteilung fuer Neuroradiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Ismaningerstrasse 22, Muenchen, D-81675, Germany
| | - Harald Guendel
- Klinik und Poliklinik fuer Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, Ulm, D-89081, Germany
| | - Afra Wohlschläger
- Abteilung fuer Neuroradiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Ismaningerstrasse 22, Muenchen, D-81675, Germany
| | - Claus Zimmer
- Abteilung fuer Neuroradiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Ismaningerstrasse 22, Muenchen, D-81675, Germany
| | - Michael Noll-Hussong
- Klinik und Poliklinik fuer Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, Ulm, D-89081, Germany
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Berardesca E, Farage M, Maibach H. Sensitive skin: an overview. Int J Cosmet Sci 2012; 35:2-8. [PMID: 22928591 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2012.00754.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sensitive skin is a condition of subjective cutaneous hyper-reactivity to environmental factors. Subjects experiencing this condition report exaggerated reactions when their skin is in contact with cosmetics, soaps and sun screens, and they often report worsening after exposure to dry and cold climate. Although no sign of irritation is commonly detected, itching, burning, stinging and a tight sensation are constantly present. Generally substances that are not commonly considered irritants are involved in this abnormal response.Sensitive skin and subjective irritation are widespread but still far from being completely defined and understood. A correlation between sensitive skin and constitutional anomalies and/or other triggering factors such as occupational skin diseases or chronic exposure to irritants has been hypothesized. Recent findings suggest that higher sensitivity can be due to different mechanisms. Hyper-reactors may have a thinner stratum corneum with a reduced corneocyte area causing a higher transcutaneous penetration of water-soluble chemicals. Alterations in vanilloid receptors and changes in neuronal transmission have been described. Monitoring skin parameters such as barrier function, proclivity to irritation, corneocyte size and sensorial transmission can also be useful to identify regional differences in skin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Berardesca
- San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, VIa Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
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La piel sensible: un síndrome complejo. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2011; 102:563-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2011.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Lee E, An S, Lee TR, Kim HK. Development of a novel method for quantitative evaluation of sensory skin irritation inhibitors. Skin Res Technol 2010; 15:464-9. [PMID: 19832959 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0846.2009.00391.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Sensory skin irritation is regarded as one of the most serious side effects of cosmetic use. Thus, it is desirable to develop good inhibitors of sensory skin irritation. However, it is difficult to quantify the effect of sensory skin irritation inhibitors. METHODS We investigated the possibility of using an electrical current perception threshold (CPT) measurement for the quantitative evaluation of these inhibitors. We divided study populations into stinger and non-stinger groups based on their response to 5% lactic acid and assessed CPT values at 2000, 250, and 5 Hz on the cheek. Stingers showed significantly lower CPT values than non-stingers did at 250 and 5 Hz. We also measured CPT values before and after the application of nine materials with inhibitory effects on sensory skin irritation. To investigate the relationship between the change in CPT values and the effect of each material in the clinical stinging test, we conducted the stinging test with the test materials in a 5% lactic acid solution and with a 5% lactic acid solution (positive control). RESULTS There was a positive correlation between the change in CPT values and the inhibitory effect that each material had on the stinging test. CONCLUSION The change in CPT values can be used for the quantitative evaluation of sensory skin irritation inhibitors .
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoung Lee
- AmorePacific Corporation R&D Center, Skin Research Institute, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
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Quatresooz P, Piérard-Franchimont C, Piérard GE. Vulnerability of reactive skin to electric current perception - a pilot study implicating mast cells and the lymphatic microvasculature. J Cosmet Dermatol 2009; 8:186-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1473-2165.2009.00445.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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