1
|
Ficheux AS, Boniou B, Durand G, Garrec RL, Pierre O, Roudot AC. Dietary exposure and risk assessment to trace elements and iodine in seaweeds. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 78:127187. [PMID: 37210921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Seaweeds are a rich source of elements such as iodine, and are also able to accumulate contaminants such as trace elements. METHODS The aim of this study was to assess the dietary exposure as well as the risk from iodine and trace elements in edible seaweeds for the French population using current consumption data. The contribution of seaweeds to overall dietary exposure to trace elements and iodine was evaluated, and for those substances with minimal contribution to overall dietary exposure, simulations were performed to propose increased maximal limits in seaweeds. RESULTS Cadmium, inorganic arsenic and mercury in seaweeds were very low contributors to total dietary exposure to these contaminants (0.7 % 1.1 % and 0.1 % on average, respectively). Dietary exposure to lead via seaweed may contribute up to 3.1 % of total dietary exposure. Dietary consumption of iodine via seaweed may contribute up to 33 % of total exposure to iodine, which makes seaweeds the strongest contributor to iodine in diet. DISCUSSION New maximal values in seaweeds are proposed for the very low contributors to total dietary exposure: 1 mg/kg dw for cadmium, 10 mg/kg dw for inorganic arsenic and 0.3 mg/kg dw for mercury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Ficheux
- University of Western Brittany, LIEN, F-29200 Brest, France; Department of Dermatology, CHU Brest, Brest, France.
| | - Bruno Boniou
- LABOCEA, 120 avenue de Rochon, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Gaël Durand
- LABOCEA, 120 avenue de Rochon, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | | | - Ophélie Pierre
- University of Western Brittany, LIEN, F-29200 Brest, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Le Gall-Ianotto C, Ficheux AS, Lippert E, Herbreteau L, Rio L, Pan-Petesch B, Misery L, Ianotto JC. Differences between aquagenic and non-aquagenic pruritus in myeloproliferative neoplasms: An observational study of 500 patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2023; 37:1175-1183. [PMID: 36808754 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pruritus is a frequent symptom experienced by patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). Aquagenic pruritus (AP) is the most common type. The Myeloproliferative Neoplasm-Symptom Assessment Form Total Symptom Score (MPN-SAF TSS) self-report questionnaires were distributed to MPN patients before consultations. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess clinical incidence (phenotypical evolution and response to treatment) of pruritus, especially AP, in MPN patients during their follow-ups. PATIENTS AND METHODS We collected 1444 questionnaires from 504 patients [54.4% essential thrombocythaemia (ET) patients, 37.7% polycythaemia vera (PV) patients, and 7.9% primary myelofibrosis (PMF) patients]. RESULTS Pruritus was reported by 49.8% of the patients, including 44.6% of AP patients, regardless of type of MPN or driver mutations. Patients suffering from pruritus were more symptomatic and had a higher rate of evolution into myelofibrosis/acute myeloid leukaemia (19.5% vs. 9.1%, OR = 2.42 [1.39; 4.32], p = 0.0009) than MPN patients without pruritus. Patients with AP had the highest pruritus intensity values (p = 0.008) and a higher rate of evolution (25.9% vs. 14.4%, p = 0.025, OR = 2.07) than patients with non-AP. Disappearance of pruritus was observed in only 16.7% of AP cases, compared to 31.7% of cases with other types of pruritus (p < 0.0001). Ruxolitinib and hydroxyurea were the most effective drugs to reduce AP intensity. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we demonstrate the global incidence of pruritus across all MPN. Pruritus, especially AP, which is a major constitutional symptom observed in MPN, should be assessed in all MPN patients due to higher symptom burden and higher risk of evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne-Sophie Ficheux
- Service de Dermatologie, CHRU de Brest, Brest, France.,Univ Brest, LIEN, CHRU Brest, Brest, France
| | - Eric Lippert
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, CHRU de Brest, Brest, France.,France Intergroupe des Néoplasies Myéloprolifératives (FIM), Paris, France
| | - Laura Herbreteau
- Service d'Hématologie et d'Hémostase Clinique, Institut de Cancéro-Hématologie, CHRU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Laetitia Rio
- Service d'Hématologie et d'Hémostase Clinique, Institut de Cancéro-Hématologie, CHRU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Brigitte Pan-Petesch
- Service d'Hématologie et d'Hémostase Clinique, Institut de Cancéro-Hématologie, CHRU de Brest, Brest, France.,INSERM, Univ Brest, CHRU Brest, UMR 1304, GETBO, Brest, France
| | - Laurent Misery
- Service de Dermatologie, CHRU de Brest, Brest, France.,Univ Brest, LIEN, CHRU Brest, Brest, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Ianotto
- France Intergroupe des Néoplasies Myéloprolifératives (FIM), Paris, France.,Service d'Hématologie et d'Hémostase Clinique, Institut de Cancéro-Hématologie, CHRU de Brest, Brest, France.,INSERM, Univ Brest, CHRU Brest, UMR 1304, GETBO, Brest, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fouchard M, Brenaut E, Genestet S, Ficheux AS, Marcorelles P, Misery L. Observational case-control study of small-fiber neuropathies, with regards on smoking and vitamin D deficiency and other possible causes. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 9:1051967. [PMID: 36714112 PMCID: PMC9877604 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1051967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Small fiber neuropathies (SFNs) are disorders of skin nerve endings inducing pruritus, burning pain, numbness, and paresthesia. The aims of this study were to search for putative etiologies of SFN and their occurrence in a cohort of patients and to compare patients with SFN to a group of patients without SFN to highlight potential factors associated with SFN. Methods This study was observational, retrospective, and monocentric. All patients with symptoms of SFN who underwent skin biopsies with intraepidermal nerve density counts were included. Patients with a count lower than 5 percentiles were considered to be in the SFN group. Other patients were considered to be the control group. Results A total of 162 patients with SFN and 161 controls were included. No cause was identified for 108 patients (61.7%). The established causes were autoimmune diseases (9.1%), diabetes or glucose intolerance (8%), medication (4%), liver disease (3.4%), and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (2.9%). Current or former smokers were more numerous in the SFN group (26.5%) than in the control group (16.1%), while vitamin D amounts were significantly lower in the SFN group than in the control group. Discussion Hence, tobacco smoking and vitamin D deficiency might be new putative causes of SFN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Fouchard
- Department of Dermatology, CHU Brest, Brest, France,Univ Brest, LIEN, Brest, France
| | - Emilie Brenaut
- Department of Dermatology, CHU Brest, Brest, France,Univ Brest, LIEN, Brest, France
| | - Steeve Genestet
- Department of Neurology, CHU Brest, Brest, France,Breton Competence Center of Rare Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuropathies With Cutaneous-Mucosal Symptoms, CHRU de Brest, Brest, France
| | | | - Pascale Marcorelles
- Univ Brest, LIEN, Brest, France,Breton Competence Center of Rare Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuropathies With Cutaneous-Mucosal Symptoms, CHRU de Brest, Brest, France,Department of Pathology, CHU Brest, Brest, France
| | - Laurent Misery
- Department of Dermatology, CHU Brest, Brest, France,Univ Brest, LIEN, Brest, France,Breton Competence Center of Rare Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuropathies With Cutaneous-Mucosal Symptoms, CHRU de Brest, Brest, France,*Correspondence: Laurent Misery,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rodriguez-Le Roy Y, Ficheux AS, Misery L, Brenaut E. Efficacy of topical and systemic treatments for atopic dermatitis on pruritus: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1079323. [PMID: 36619624 PMCID: PMC9814490 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1079323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pruritus is a major and burdensome symptom in atopic dermatitis (AD). The number of systemic treatments available for AD has increased recently, enabling improved patient relief. Objective To evaluate the effect of AD treatments on pruritus. Methods A systematic literature review and a meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate and compare the effects of treatment used in AD on pruritus. PubMed and Embase databases were searched to find articles published between January 1990 and December 2021. Topical and systemic treatments were studied in patients aged ≥10 years. Results Among the 448 articles identified, 56 studies were retained in the systematic review. A total of 15 studies evaluated topical treatments: topical corticosteroids (TCS; 2), calcineurin inhibitors (6), PDE4 inhibitors (3), and Jak inhibitors (4). A total of five studies were included in the meta- analysis. All treatments had a positive effect on pruritus, with a mean overall reduction of 3.32/10, 95% IC [2.32-4.33]. The greatest reduction was observed with halometasone (mean: 4.75), followed by tofacitinib 2% (mean: 4.38). A total of 41 studies evaluated systemic therapies: cyclosporine (6), phototherapy (5), azathioprine (2), dupilumab (9), anti-IL 13 (5), nemolizumab (3), Jak inhibitors (9), mepolizumab (1), and apremilast (1). A total of 17 studies were included in 2 meta-analyses according to the concomitant use or not of TCS. In the meta-analysis without TCS, the overall decrease was 3.07/10, 95% IC [2.58-3.56]. The molecules with the highest efficacy on pruritus were upadacitinib 30 mg (mean: 4.90) and nemolizumab (mean: 4.81). Discussion The therapeutic arsenal for AD has increased rapidly, and many molecules are under development. The primary endpoint of clinical trials is most often a score that assesses the severity of AD; however, the assessment of pruritus is also essential. The majority of molecules have a positive effect on pruritus, but the improvement varies between them. Efficacy on pruritus is not always correlated with efficacy on AD lesions; therefore, these two criteria are crucial to evaluate. The limitations of this study were the heterogeneity in the assessment of pruritus, the moment of the assessment, and the concomitant application of TCS or not for studies evaluating systemics. In the future, it would be useful to use standardized criteria for assessing pruritus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laurent Misery
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France,Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LIEN, Brest, France
| | - Emilie Brenaut
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France,Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LIEN, Brest, France,*Correspondence: Emilie Brenaut,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Barasinski C, Zaros C, Bercherie J, Bernard JY, Boisseau N, Camier A, Chanal C, Doray B, Dugravier R, Evrard A, Ficheux AS, Garlantézec R, Kadawathagedara M, Laurent-Vannier A, Lecorguillé M, Marie C, Molénat F, Pelé F, de Villepin BP, Rigourd V, Rousseau M, Storme L, Weiss S, Salinier C, Béranger R. Intervention during the Perinatal Period: Synthesis of the Clinical Practice Guidelines from the French National College of Midwives. J Midwifery Womens Health 2022; 67 Suppl 1:S2-S16. [PMID: 36480672 DOI: 10.1111/jmwh.13421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
These clinical practice guidelines from the French National College of Midwives (CNSF) are intended to define the messages and the preventive interventions to be provided to women and co-parents by the different professionals providing care to women or their children during the perinatal period. These guidelines are divided into 10 sections, corresponding to 4 themes: 1/ the adaptation of maternal behaviors (physical activity, psychoactive agents); 2/ dietary behaviors; 3/ household exposure to toxic substances (household uses, cosmetics); 4/ promotion of child health (breastfeeding, attachment and bonding, screen use, sudden unexplained infant death, and shaken baby syndrome). We suggest a ranking to prioritize the different preventive messages for each period, to take into account professionals' time constraints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Barasinski
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, Axe TGI-DecisipH, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000, France
| | - Cécile Zaros
- French Institute for Demographic Studies (Ined), French Institute for Medical Research and Health (Inserm), French Blood Agency, ELFE Joint Unit, Aubervilliers, F-93320, France
| | | | - Jonathan Y Bernard
- Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et StatistiqueS (CRESS), Inserm, INRAE, Université de Paris, Paris, F-75004, France
| | - Nathalie Boisseau
- Université Clermont Auvergne, laboratoire AME2P, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000, France
| | - Aurore Camier
- Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et StatistiqueS (CRESS), Inserm, INRAE, Université de Paris, Paris, F-75004, France
| | - Corinne Chanal
- Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier cedex 5, F-34295, France.,Réseau de Périnatalité Occitanie Espace Henri BERTIN SANS, Montpellier, F-34080, France
| | - Bérénice Doray
- Service de génétique, CHU de La Réunion, cedex, Saint-Denis, 97405, France.,Centre Ressource Troubles du Spectre de l'Alcoolisation Fœtale (TSAF) - Fondation Père Favron, Saint-Pierre, 97410, France
| | - Romain Dugravier
- Centre de psychopathologie Périnatale Boulevard Brune - GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, 75014, France
| | - Anne Evrard
- Association Bien Naître, Lyon, 69003, France.,Association Ciane (Collectif interassociatif autour de la naissance), Paris, 75011, France
| | | | - Ronan Garlantézec
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, F-35000, France
| | - Manik Kadawathagedara
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, F-35000, France
| | - Anne Laurent-Vannier
- Hôpitaux de Saint Maurice, Service de rééducation des enfants après atteinte cérébrale acquise, Centre de suivi et d'insertion après lésions cérébrales acquises, Saint, F-94410, Maurice
| | - Marion Lecorguillé
- Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et StatistiqueS (CRESS), Inserm, INRAE, Université de Paris, Paris, F-75004, France
| | - Cécile Marie
- Agence régionale de Santé Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, 241 rue Garibaldi CS 93383, Lyon, 69418 cedex 03
| | - Françoise Molénat
- Association de Formation et de Recherche sur l'Enfant et son Environnement (AFREE), Montpellier, 34000, France.,Société francophone de psychologie périnatale, Montpellier, 34090, France
| | - Fabienne Pelé
- Département de médecine générale, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France.,Université de Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, CIC 1414 (Centre d'Investigation Clinique de Rennes), Rennes, F-35000, France
| | - Brune Pommeret de Villepin
- Service gynécologie-obstétrique, Centre hospitalier de Tourcoing, 155 rue du Président-René-Coty, Tourcoing, 59200, France
| | - Virginie Rigourd
- Lactarium Ile de France, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Mélie Rousseau
- Association pour la Prévention de la Pollution Atmosphérique (APPA), Loos, France
| | - Laurent Storme
- Univ. Lille, ULR 2694 METRICS, Department of Neonatology, CHU Lille, Lille, F-59000, France
| | | | | | - Rémi Béranger
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, F-35000, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Marie C, Garlantézec R, Béranger R, Ficheux AS. Use of Cosmetic Products in Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women and Young Children: Guidelines for Interventions during the Perinatal Period from the French National College of Midwives. J Midwifery Womens Health 2022; 67 Suppl 1:S99-S112. [PMID: 36480670 DOI: 10.1111/jmwh.13428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a literature review focusing on the use and health effects of cosmetics, especially among pregnant and lactating women and young children. Based on these data, we propose clinical practice guidelines for health care professionals to use for informing and advising their patients. These include the recommendations that families: (1) reduce the number and the frequency of use (grade B) and the amount applied (expert consensus) of all cosmetic products during the perinatal period and among children; (2) prefer simple, fragrance-free, and rinsable products, with short ingredient lists (expert consensus); and (3) for children, avoid industrial wipes and prefer water, with suitable soap when necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Marie
- Agence régionale de Santé Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, 241 rue Garibaldi CS 93383, 69418 Lyon cedex 03
| | - Ronan Garlantézec
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), UMR_S 1085, Rennes, F-35000, France
| | - Rémi Béranger
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), UMR_S 1085, Rennes, F-35000, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Misery L, Bataille A, Talagas M, Le Gall-Ianotto C, Fouchard M, Huet F, Ficheux AS, Roudot AC, Fluhr JW, Brenaut E. Sensitive Skin Syndrome: A Low-Noise Small-Fiber Neuropathy Related to Environmental Factors? Front Pain Res 2022; 3:853491. [PMID: 35399156 PMCID: PMC8990967 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2022.853491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and ObjectivesPatients frequently complain of mild, transient, unpleasant skin sensations that cannot be diagnosed as common neuropathies. Dermatologists have termed these symptoms “sensitive skin syndrome.” This narrative review was performed for a better knowledge by other specialists.Databases and Data TreatmentPublications on pain in sensitive skin syndrome were obtained from PubMed.ResultsThere is a growing body of data supporting the concept that sensitive skin is a type of small-fiber neuropathy. The arguments are based on clinical data, a decrease in intra-epidermal nerve fiber density, quantitative sensory testing abnormalities and an association with irritable bowel syndrome and sensitive eyes. Sensitive skin is triggered by environmental factors. Sensitive skin is a frequent condition, with a lifetime prevalence of ~50% according to self-reports.ConclusionsMild levels of skin pain or itch are frequently experienced by patients, who rarely report them. There is a need for a better knowledge of sensitive skin because it can be the first level of small-fiber neuropathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Misery
- Univ Brest, LIEN, Brest, France
- *Correspondence: Laurent Misery
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Joachim W. Fluhr
- Univ Brest, LIEN, Brest, France
- Department of Dermatology, Venereologie and Allergology, Charité Universitaetsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ficheux AS, Pierre O, Le Garrec R, Roudot AC. Seaweed consumption in France: Key data for exposure and risk assessment. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 159:112757. [PMID: 34915065 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Seaweeds accumulate toxic contaminants present in the surrounding waters such as trace elements, ammonium, dioxins and pesticides. Seaweed consumption data are scarce in France as in Europe. Given that seaweed consumption data are essential to assess exposure and the risks for human health linked to toxic substances, it would appear essential to generate these data. The aim of the study was to assess the current consumption of seaweed foodstuffs by the French population via an online survey conducted on 780 adults (seaweed foodstuffs consumed, percentage of consumers and frequency of consumption). The daily consumption of seaweeds was assessed. Enquiries at points of purchase were also performed to reference the type of foodstuffs found on the French market, the seaweed species present, and the percentage of seaweed in the product. These new data generated in this work will be useful for safety assessors and for safety agencies.
Collapse
|
9
|
Brenaut E, Nezet P, Misery L, Legeas C, Roudot AC, Ficheux AS. Use of Cosmetic Products in Real Life by Women with Facial Sensitive Skin: Results from an Exposure Study and Comparison with Controls. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 34:363-374. [PMID: 34392243 DOI: 10.1159/000517525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Triggering factors of sensitive skin are supposed to be physical, chemical (cosmetics, water, and pollutants), and occasionally psychological (stress). A recent meta-analysis showed that the most important triggering factor declared by subjects is the use of cosmetics. This study was designed to compare the consumption of cosmetic products in women with sensitive skin and controls. After a dermatological examination, women between the ages of 18 and 65 years with or without sensitive skin were recruited. They completed different questionnaires about the presence of sensitive skin and use of 28 cosmetics that could be applied on the face. The amount per application was recorded for all products used at least once a week on the face. In total, 160 women were included, with a mean age of 41 ± 13 years. Two groups of 40 women were created based on the sensitive scale (SS-10 score), with the lowest SS-10 scores (nonsensitive skin group) and the highest SS-10 score (sensitive skin group). The number of products used daily was similar in the 2 groups. Women with sensitive skin were significantly more frequent users of liquid soap/soap-free gel cleansers than those without sensitive skin (70 vs. 43%). There was no difference concerning the frequency of use of products in the 2 groups. Concerning the amount of product used by application, women with sensitive skin used twice as much cream per application compared with the women without sensitive skin: 511 ± 438 μg versus 290 ± 203 μg (p = 0.039). Concerning the composition of the cosmetic products used, the only difference concerned phenoxyethanol, which was more often present in the moisturizer of women without sensitive skin (66.7%) than in those with sensitive skin (32.4%) (p = 0.007). Women with sensitive skin were more likely to buy products recommended for sensitive skin by manufacturers. The relationship of causality between the use of cosmetics and sensitive skin cannot be established. Women with sensitive skin used different cosmetic products than women without sensitive skin. Women with sensitive skin used a higher amount of moisturizer, used products recommended for sensitive skin, and bought more cosmetic products at pharmacies than supermarkets. We hypothesized that subjects with sensitive skin are looking for products that improve the sensation of skin sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Brenaut
- Department of Dermatology, CHU Brest, Brest, France.,Univ. Brest, LIEN, Brest, France
| | | | - Laurent Misery
- Department of Dermatology, CHU Brest, Brest, France.,Univ. Brest, LIEN, Brest, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Brenaut E, Misery L, Legeas C, Roudot AC, Ficheux AS. Sensitive Scalp: A Possible Association With the Use of Hair Conditioners. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 7:596544. [PMID: 33791317 PMCID: PMC8005630 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.596544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A sensitive scalp is defined by the occurrence of unpleasant sensations (tingling, burning, pain, pruritus) triggered by stimuli that should not cause such sensations. Environmental factors, particularly cosmetics, can be triggering factors. The aims of this study were to assess hair cosmetic product consumption in subjects with sensitive scalp and to perform a clinical evaluation of sensitive scalp. After a dermatological examination, women between the ages of 18 and 65 years with or without a sensitive scalp completed different questionnaires. Their use of hair cosmetics (frequency, amount per application) was recorded. A total of 160 women with a mean age of 41 years were included. Twenty-seven subjects presented with seborrheic dermatitis or psoriasis, so only 133 were included in the analysis. Five percent of the subjects declared they had a very sensitive scalp, 25% had a sensitive scalp, 38% had a slightly sensitive scalp, and 32% had a scalp that was not sensitive. The mean sensitive scalp score (3S) score was 3.7 ± 1.6 in the very sensitive scalp group, 3.6 ± 2.1 in the sensitive group, 1.2 ± 1.2 in the slightly sensitive group and 0.1 ± 0.4 in the non-sensitive group. Two groups were analyzed: the 56 subjects with a sensitive scalp (3S ≥ 2 score) and the 56 subjects with a null 3S score. In the sensitive scalp group, 89% suffered from itch, and 45% suffered from tingling. No parameter (hormonal status, smoking, age, phototype, BMI) was associated with the 3S score. No differences in the exposure to shampoos and masks between the two groups were noted. The exposure to hair conditioners was significantly higher in the sensitive scalp group than in the group without sensitive scalp. Itch is the main symptom of a sensitive scalp. The frequency of a sensitive scalp was lower than that previously described when the subjects with scalp dermatosis were excluded. The amount of hair conditioners used was significantly higher in subjects with sensitive scalp than in those without sensitive scalp, suggesting a possible link.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Brenaut
- Department of Dermatology, CHU Brest, Brest, France.,University of Brest, LIEN, Brest, France
| | - Laurent Misery
- Department of Dermatology, CHU Brest, Brest, France.,University of Brest, LIEN, Brest, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Legeas C, Misery L, Fluhr JW, Roudot AC, Ficheux AS, Brenaut E. Proposal for Cut-off Scores for Sensitive Skin on Sensitive Scale-10 in a Group of Adult Women. Acta Derm Venereol 2021; 101:adv00373. [PMID: 33426565 PMCID: PMC9309873 DOI: 10.2340/00015555-3741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensitive skin is commonly assessed on the basis of self-reports from patients, and sometimes questionnaires, such as the Sensitive Scale-10, are used. The severity of sensitive skin follows a continuum, from the absence of sensitive skin to very sensitive skin. The aims of this cross-sectional study were to compare subjects with and without symptomatic sensitive skin and to propose diagnostic criteria for sensitive skin. A total of 160 women, between 18 and 65 years of age, with and without sensitive skin, and without any associated skin diseases, were recruited. Mean age was 41 years old. Fifty-five percent of participants reported having “very sensitive” or “sensitive” skin. In the sensitive skin group, the participants mainly experienced skin irritability (100%), tautness (97.5%), discomfort (90%) and redness (90%). According to the receiver operating characteristic curve, a Sensitive Scale-10 (SS-10) cut-off value of 12.7 can be used to detect sensitive skin (with a sensitivity of 72.4% and specificity of 90.3%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Legeas
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, FR-29609 Brest, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Douziech M, Oldenkamp R, van Zelm R, King H, Hendriks AJ, Ficheux AS, Huijbregts MAJ. Confronting variability with uncertainty in the ecotoxicological impact assessment of down-the-drain products. Environ Int 2019; 126:37-45. [PMID: 30776748 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.01.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of down-the-drain products and the resultant release of chemicals may lead to pressures on the freshwater environment. Ecotoxicological impact assessment is a commonly used approach to assess chemical products but is still influenced by several uncertainty and variability sources. As a result, the robustness and reliability of such assessments can be questioned. A comprehensive and systematic assessment of these sources is, therefore, needed to increase their utility and credibility. In this study, we present a method to systematically analyse the uncertainty and variability of the potential ecotoxicological impact (PEI) of chemicals using a portfolio of 54 shampoo products. We separately quantified the influence of the statistical uncertainty in the prediction of physicochemical properties and freshwater toxicity as predicted from Quantitative Structure-Property Relationships (QSPRs) and Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSARs) respectively, and of various sources of spatial and technological variability as well as variability in consumer habits via 2D Monte Carlo simulations. Overall, the variation in the PEIs of shampoo use was mainly the result of uncertainty due to the use of toxicity data from three species only. All uncertainty sources combined resulted in PEIs ranging on average over seven orders of magnitude (ratio of the 90th to the 10th percentile) so that an absolute quantification of the ecological risk would not be meaningful. In comparison, variation in shampoo composition was the most influential source of variability, although less than compared to uncertainty, leading to PEIs ranging over three orders of magnitude. Increasing the number of toxicity data by increasing the number of species, either through additional measurements or ecotoxicological modelling (e.g. using Interspecies Correlation Equations), should get priority to improve the reliability of PEIs. These conclusions are not limited to shampoos but are applicable more generally to the down-the-drain products since they all have similar data limitations and associated uncertainties relating to the availability of ecotoxicity data and variability in consumer habits and use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Douziech
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500, GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Rik Oldenkamp
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500, GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Environment Department, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Rosalie van Zelm
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500, GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Henry King
- Safety & Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Bedfordshire MK441LQ, United Kingdom
| | - A Jan Hendriks
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500, GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Anne-Sophie Ficheux
- Laboratoire d'Evaluation du Risque Chimique pour le Consommateur (LERCCo), Université Européenne de Bretagne e Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UEB-UBO), UFR Sciences et Techniques, 6 Av. Victor Le Gorgeu, CS93837, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
| | - Mark A J Huijbregts
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500, GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ficheux AS, Gomez-Berrada MP, Roudot AC, Ferret PJ. Consumption and exposure to finished cosmetic products: A systematic review. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 124:280-299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
14
|
Gomez-Berrada MP, Ficheux AS, Boudières I, Chiter M, Rielland A, De Javel D, Roudot AC, Ferret PJ. Consumption and exposure assessment to toothpaste in French families. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 118:24-31. [PMID: 29723586 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the consumption and the exposure to toothpaste in French families leaving the consumers free to use their own product at home according to their habits. Consumption data were collected on 104 families. 206 adults (103 women and 103 men) and 195 children aged 2-17 participated in the study. Differences in toothpaste consumption depending on gender and on age were highlighted. As an example, frequency data were higher in adult women (2.0 day-1 on average) than in adult men (1.8 day-1 on average); amount per use data were higher in adult men (1.2 g on average) than in adult women (0.9 g on average). The frequency of use and the amount of toothpaste used per application increased with age. The exposure to toothpaste decreased with age. Children aged 2-6 were the most exposed to toothpaste with a P95 value equal to 8.2 mg/kg bw/day. Adult's P95 exposure value was equal to 2.8 mg/kg bw/day. Exposure values were in the same order of magnitude for both genders in children and in adults. These new data will be useful for safety assessors, especially children data which remain scarce.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Pierre Gomez-Berrada
- Safety Assessment Department, Pierre Fabre Dermo Cosmetique, Allée Camille Soula - BP 74 Vigoulet Auzil, 31322 Castanet Tolosan - Cedex, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Ficheux
- Laboratoire des Interactions Epithéliums-Neurones, Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), UFR Sciences et Techniques, 6 Av. Victor Le Gorgeu, CS93837, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France.
| | - Inès Boudières
- Safety Assessment Department, Pierre Fabre Dermo Cosmetique, Allée Camille Soula - BP 74 Vigoulet Auzil, 31322 Castanet Tolosan - Cedex, France
| | - Myriam Chiter
- Safety Assessment Department, Pierre Fabre Dermo Cosmetique, Allée Camille Soula - BP 74 Vigoulet Auzil, 31322 Castanet Tolosan - Cedex, France
| | | | | | - Alain-Claude Roudot
- Laboratoire des Interactions Epithéliums-Neurones, Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), UFR Sciences et Techniques, 6 Av. Victor Le Gorgeu, CS93837, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
| | - Pierre-Jacques Ferret
- Safety Assessment Department, Pierre Fabre Dermo Cosmetique, Allée Camille Soula - BP 74 Vigoulet Auzil, 31322 Castanet Tolosan - Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gomez-Berrada MP, Ficheux AS, Rakotomalala S, Guillou S, Bellec M, De Javel D, Roudot AC, Ferret PJ. Consumption and exposure assessment to sunscreen products: A key point for safety assessment. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 114:170-179. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
16
|
Gomez-Berrada MP, Ficheux AS, Guillou S, Berge C, de Javel D, Roudot AC, Ferret PJ. Consumption and exposure assessment to cosmetic products for children under 2 years old. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 105:151-160. [PMID: 28412405 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Today, the use of personal care products is an integral part of daily life. Little information about children's consumption and exposure to cosmetic products is available. The aim of the study was to assess the consumption and the exposure of French babies aged 0-23 months old to seven common baby care products: shampoo, shower gel, cleansing water, cleansing milk, moisturizing cream, bottom cream and wipes. Consumption and exposure were assessed using small age intervals in order to identify any differences. Exposure was calculated using a probabilistic method. These original data will be useful for safety assessors and safety agencies in order to protect consumers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Pierre Gomez-Berrada
- Safety Assessment Department, Pierre Fabre Dermo Cosmetique, Allée Camille Soula - BP 74 Vigoulet Auzil, 31322 Castanet Tolosan - Cedex, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Ficheux
- Laboratoire des Interactions Epithéliums Neurones, Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), UFR Sciences et Techniques, 6 Av. Victor Le Gorgeu, CS93837, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France.
| | | | - Carole Berge
- Safety Assessment Department, Pierre Fabre Dermo Cosmetique, Allée Camille Soula - BP 74 Vigoulet Auzil, 31322 Castanet Tolosan - Cedex, France
| | | | - Alain-Claude Roudot
- Laboratoire des Interactions Epithéliums Neurones, Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), UFR Sciences et Techniques, 6 Av. Victor Le Gorgeu, CS93837, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
| | - Pierre-Jacques Ferret
- Safety Assessment Department, Pierre Fabre Dermo Cosmetique, Allée Camille Soula - BP 74 Vigoulet Auzil, 31322 Castanet Tolosan - Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ramirez-Martinez A, Granda-Torres P, Wesolek N, Ficheux AS, Roudot AC. Exposure of hairdressers to the main cosmetics used in hairdressing salons in France: A preliminary study. Arch Environ Occup Health 2016; 71:247-258. [PMID: 26010657 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2015.1024390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, more attention has been given to chemical exposure in hairdressers. This increasing interest is largely due to the various respiratory and skin symptoms observed in hairdressers. According to these symptoms, hairdressers are in contact with various sources of exposure. Particularly in France, little information is available to assess professional exposure of hairdressers. In order to gather information to assess exposure in hairdressers, 11 hairdressing salons were visited. All the salons were located in Brest City (France). Preferentially, small hairdressing salons were visited. Observations were performed to obtain salon characteristics and to record workers' practices. Calculations revealed that in the worst-case scenario, dermal professional exposure reaches 14.68 and 13.67 mg/kg/day for hair coloring and highlighting mixtures, respectively. Inhalation exposure represents 14.2 and 18.1 mg/kg/day for hair coloring and highlighting mixtures, respectively. These exposure values represent baseline values for exposure of French hairdressers working in small hairdressing salons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Ramirez-Martinez
- a Laboratoire d'Evaluation du Risque Chimique pour le Consommateur, Université de Bretagne Occidentale , Brest , France
| | - P Granda-Torres
- a Laboratoire d'Evaluation du Risque Chimique pour le Consommateur, Université de Bretagne Occidentale , Brest , France
| | - N Wesolek
- a Laboratoire d'Evaluation du Risque Chimique pour le Consommateur, Université de Bretagne Occidentale , Brest , France
| | - A S Ficheux
- a Laboratoire d'Evaluation du Risque Chimique pour le Consommateur, Université de Bretagne Occidentale , Brest , France
| | - A C Roudot
- a Laboratoire d'Evaluation du Risque Chimique pour le Consommateur, Université de Bretagne Occidentale , Brest , France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dornic N, Ficheux AS, Roudot AC, Saboureau D, Ezzedine K. Usage patterns of aromatherapy among the French general population: A descriptive study focusing on dermal exposure. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 76:87-93. [PMID: 26826550 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Although likely benefits of aromatherapy are well documented, little is known about essential oils consumption and exposure to molecules present in the oils. The aim of our study was to determine usage patterns of 12 types of essential oils among a quite large panel, sorted per sex and quintile of age from birth to 70. A survey was conducted in September 2014 among 1507 French individuals, selected to build a representative panel of the general population. The key point of our study, apart from the fact that it has never been done among general population, was the focus on dermal exposure. Information about types of essential oils used, skin areas exposed, frequencies and quantities were collected. Our work revealed that some sub-populations could be significantly exposed to molecules of toxicological concern, especially in terms of skin sensitization. This work is the first step to assess human exposure to these molecules, and will help safety authorities and risk managers to protect the population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Dornic
- Laboratoire d'Evaluation du Risque Chimique pour le Consommateur (LERCCo), Université Européenne de Bretagne - Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UEB-UBO), UFR Sciences et Techniques, 6 Av. Victor Le Gorgeu, CS93837, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France.
| | - A S Ficheux
- Laboratoire d'Evaluation du Risque Chimique pour le Consommateur (LERCCo), Université Européenne de Bretagne - Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UEB-UBO), UFR Sciences et Techniques, 6 Av. Victor Le Gorgeu, CS93837, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
| | - A C Roudot
- Laboratoire d'Evaluation du Risque Chimique pour le Consommateur (LERCCo), Université Européenne de Bretagne - Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UEB-UBO), UFR Sciences et Techniques, 6 Av. Victor Le Gorgeu, CS93837, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
| | - D Saboureau
- Independent Toxicologist Expert (Eurotox List) 33610 Cestas, France
| | - K Ezzedine
- Service de Dermatologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, 94010 Créteil, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Morisset T, Ficheux AS, Postic C, Chevillotte G, Roudot AC. Probabilistic exposure assessment to nail cosmetics by French consumers. Toxicol Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.05.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
20
|
Ficheux AS, Sibiril Y, Parent-Massin D. Co-exposure of Fusarium mycotoxins: in vitro myelotoxicity assessment on human hematopoietic progenitors. Toxicon 2012; 60:1171-9. [PMID: 22921581 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins such as beauvericin (BEA), deoxynivalenol (DON), enniatin B (ENB), fumonisin B1 (FB1), T-2 toxin and zearalenone (ZEA) can co-occur in food commodities. This aim of this study was to assess the myelotoxicity of these mycotoxins in couple using in vitro human granulo-monocytic (Colony Forming Unit-Granulocyte and Macrophage, CFU-GM) hematopoietic progenitors. Clonogenic assays have been performed in the presence of the following couples of fusariotoxins: DON + BEA, DON + FB1, DON + T-2, DON + ZEA, T-2 + ZEA and BEA + ENB. Co-exposure of human CFU-GM to DON + BEA resulted in synergic myelotoxic effects. The combination of DON + T-2 presented additive or synergic myelotoxic effects. The couples DON + ZEA, T-2 + ZEA and BEA + ENB had additive myelotoxic effects, while the combination of DON + FB1 showed antagonist myelotoxic effects. These in vitro results suggested that the simultaneous presence of mycotoxins in food commodities and diet may be more myelotoxic than the presence of one mycotoxin alone. Diminution of hematopoietic progenitors could give rise to a decrease number of mature blood cells, inducing agranulocytosis and/or thrombocytopenia and in severe cases aplastic anemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A S Ficheux
- Laboratoire d'Evaluation du Risque Chimique pour le Consommateur-LERCCo, Université Européenne de Bretagne-Université de Bretagne Occidentale-UEB-UBO, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 6 Av. Victor Le Gorgeu, CS 93837, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ficheux AS, Sibiril Y, Parent-Massin D. Co-exposure of Fusarium mycotoxins: In vitro myelotoxicity assessment on human. Toxicol Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.03.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|