1
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Lingwood C. Is cholesterol both the lock and key to abnormal transmembrane signals in Autism Spectrum Disorder? Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:114. [PMID: 38643132 PMCID: PMC11032007 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02075-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Disturbances in cholesterol homeostasis have been associated with ASD. Lipid rafts are central in many transmembrane signaling pathways (including mTOR) and changes in raft cholesterol content affect their order function. Cholesterol levels are controlled by several mechanisms, including endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation (ERAD) of the rate limiting HMGCoA reductase. A new approach to increase cholesterol via temporary ERAD blockade using a benign bacterial toxin-derived competitor for the ERAD translocon is suggested.A new lock and key model for cholesterol/lipid raft dependent signaling is proposed in which the rafts provide both the afferent and efferent 'tumblers' across the membrane to allow 'lock and key' receptor transmembrane signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford Lingwood
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.
- Departments of Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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2
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Hatakeyama H, Oshima T, Ono S, Morimoto Y, Takahashi N. Single-molecule analysis of intracellular insulin granule behavior and its application to analyzing cytoskeletal dependence and pathophysiological implications. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1287275. [PMID: 38124716 PMCID: PMC10731264 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1287275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Mobilization of intracellular insulin granules to the plasma membrane plays a crucial role in regulating insulin secretion. However, the regulatory mechanisms of this mobilization process have been poorly understood due to technical limitations. In this study, we propose a convenient approach for assessing intracellular insulin granule behavior based on single-molecule analysis of insulin granule membrane proteins labeled with Quantum dot fluorescent nanocrystals. Methods: This approach allows us to analyze intracellular insulin granule movement with subpixel accuracy at 33 fps. We tracked two insulin granule membrane proteins, phogrin and zinc transporter 8, fused to HaloTag in rat insulinoma INS-1 cells and, by evaluating the tracks with mean-square displacement, demonstrated the characteristic behavior of insulin granules. Results and discussion: Pharmacological perturbations of microtubules and F-actin affected insulin granule behavior on distinct modalities. Specifically, microtubule dynamics and F-actin positively and negatively regulate insulin granule behavior, respectively, presumably by modulating each different behavioral mode. Furthermore, we observed impaired insulin granule behavior and cytoskeletal architecture under chronic treatment of high concentrations of glucose and palmitate. Our approach provides detailed information regarding intracellular insulin granule mobilization and its pathophysiological implications. This study sheds new light on the regulatory mechanisms of intracellular insulin granule mobilization and has important implications for understanding the pathogenesis of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Hatakeyama
- Department of Physiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomomi Oshima
- Department of Physiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Ono
- Department of Physiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuichi Morimoto
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institute for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Structural Physiology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Takahashi
- Department of Physiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
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3
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Single molecule tracking of bacterial cell surface cytochromes reveals dynamics that impact long-distance electron transport. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2119964119. [PMID: 35503913 PMCID: PMC9171617 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2119964119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiheme cytochromes in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 transport electrons across the cell wall, in a process called extracellular electron transfer. These electron conduits can also enable electron transport along and between cells. While the underlying mechanism is thought to involve a combination of electron hopping and lateral diffusion of cytochromes along membranes, these diffusive dynamics have never been observed in vivo. Here, we observe the mobility of quantum dot-labeled cytochromes on living cell surfaces and membrane nanowires, quantify their diffusion with single-particle tracking techniques, and simulate the contribution of these dynamics to electron transport. This work reveals the impact of redox molecule dynamics on bacterial electron transport, with implications for understanding and harnessing this process in the environment and bioelectronics. Using a series of multiheme cytochromes, the metal-reducing bacterium Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 can perform extracellular electron transfer (EET) to respire redox-active surfaces, including minerals and electrodes outside the cell. While the role of multiheme cytochromes in transporting electrons across the cell wall is well established, these cytochromes were also recently found to facilitate long-distance (micrometer-scale) redox conduction along outer membranes and across multiple cells bridging electrodes. Recent studies proposed that long-distance conduction arises from the interplay of electron hopping and cytochrome diffusion, which allows collisions and electron exchange between cytochromes along membranes. However, the diffusive dynamics of the multiheme cytochromes have never been observed or quantified in vivo, making it difficult to assess their hypothesized contribution to the collision-exchange mechanism. Here, we use quantum dot labeling, total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, and single-particle tracking to quantify the lateral diffusive dynamics of the outer membrane-associated decaheme cytochromes MtrC and OmcA, two key components of EET in S. oneidensis. We observe confined diffusion behavior for both quantum dot-labeled MtrC and OmcA along cell surfaces (diffusion coefficients DMtrC = 0.0192 ± 0.0018 µm2/s, DOmcA = 0.0125 ± 0.0024 µm2/s) and the membrane extensions thought to function as bacterial nanowires. We find that these dynamics can trace a path for electron transport via overlap of cytochrome trajectories, consistent with the long-distance conduction mechanism. The measured dynamics inform kinetic Monte Carlo simulations that combine direct electron hopping and redox molecule diffusion, revealing significant electron transport rates along cells and membrane nanowires.
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4
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Recent Experiments Support a Microemulsion Origin of Plasma Membrane Domains: Dependence of Domain Size on Physical Parameters. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10080167. [PMID: 32731358 PMCID: PMC7465459 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10080167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
It is widely, but not universally, believed that the lipids of the plasma membrane are not uniformly distributed, but that “rafts” of sphingolipids and cholesterol float in a “sea” of unsaturated lipids. The physical origin of such heterogeneities is often attributed to a phase coexistence between the two different domains. We argue that this explanation is untenable for several reasons. Further, we note that the results of recent experiments are inconsistent with this picture. However, they are quite consistent with an alternate explanation, namely, that the plasma membrane is a microemulsion of the two kinds of regions. To show this, we briefly review a simplified version of this theory and its phase diagram. We also explicate the dependence of the predicted domain size on four physical parameters. They are the energy cost of gradients in the composition, the spontaneous curvature of the membrane, its bending modulus and its surface tension. Taking values of the latter two from experiment, we obtain domain sizes for several different cell types that vary from 58 to 88 nm.
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5
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Sankaran J, Wohland T. Fluorescence strategies for mapping cell membrane dynamics and structures. APL Bioeng 2020; 4:020901. [PMID: 32478279 PMCID: PMC7228782 DOI: 10.1063/1.5143945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence spectroscopy has been a cornerstone of research in membrane dynamics and organization. Technological advances in fluorescence spectroscopy went hand in hand with discovery of various physicochemical properties of membranes at nanometric spatial and microsecond timescales. In this perspective, we discuss the various challenges associated with quantification of physicochemical properties of membranes and how various modes of fluorescence spectroscopy have overcome these challenges to shed light on the structure and organization of membranes. Finally, we discuss newer measurement strategies and data analysis tools to investigate the structure, dynamics, and organization of membranes.
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6
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He W, Su Y, Peng HB, Tong P. Dynamic heterogeneity and non-Gaussian statistics for ganglioside GM1s and acetylcholine receptors on live cell membrane. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:1380-1391. [PMID: 32348189 PMCID: PMC7353135 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-08-0473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We have carried out a comparative study of the lateral motion of ganglioside GM1, which is a glycosphingolipid residing on the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane, and acetylcholine receptor (AChR), which is a well-characterized ion channel. Both the lipid molecules and the transmembrane proteins reside on the plasma membranes of live Xenopus muscle cells. From a thorough analysis of a large volume of individual molecular trajectories obtained from more than 300 live cells over a wide range of sampling rates and long durations, we find that the GM1s and AChRs share the same dynamic heterogeneity and non-Gaussian statistics. Our measurements with the ATP-depleted cells reveal that the diffusion dynamics of the GM1s and AChRs is uniformly affected by the intracellular ATP level of the living muscle cells, further demonstrating that membrane diffusion is strongly coupled to the dynamics of the underlying cortical actin network, as predicted by the dynamic picket-fence model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- Nano Science and Technology Program, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yun Su
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - H Benjamin Peng
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Penger Tong
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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7
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Hong ZY, Liu SL, Pang DW. A method for the statistical evaluation of the fluorescence intensity of single blinking quantum dots using a confocal fluorescence microscope. Analyst 2020; 145:3131-3135. [PMID: 32186553 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00010h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The evaluation of the fluorescence intensity of single quantum dots (QDs) using a confocal fluorescence microscope can provide an alternative approach for estimating the effects of environmental changes or surface modifications on the fluorescence intensity of single QDs. In the case of blinking QDs, irregular blinking would significantly influence the intensity evaluation results that are based on the analysis of one or a few single QDs. In this regard, statistical intensity evaluations based on a large number of single QDs would be helpful to estimate an approximate intensity value of single QDs with reduced effects of blinking on the evaluation results. Herein, we developed a convenient method to statistically evaluate the fluorescence intensity of a large number of single blinking QDs using Gaussian distribution. Based on the intensity analysis of thousands of single QDs, the fluorescence intensity of the single QDs evaluated using a confocal fluorescence microscope was approximately 4090 with little data fluctuation induced by blinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Yuan Hong
- PET-CT/MRI Center, Molecular Imaging Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shu-Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Dai-Wen Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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8
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Allender DW, Giang H, Schick M. Model Plasma Membrane Exhibits a Microemulsion in Both Leaves Providing a Foundation for "Rafts". Biophys J 2020; 118:1019-1031. [PMID: 32023433 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We consider a model lipid plasma membrane, one that describes the outer leaf as consisting of sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, and cholesterol and the inner leaf of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylcholine, and cholesterol. Their relative compositions are taken from experiment; the cholesterol freely interchanges between leaves. Fluctuations in local composition are coupled to fluctuations in the local membrane curvature, as in the Leibler-Andelman mechanism. Structure factors of components in both leaves display a peak at nonzero wavevector. This indicates that the disordered fluid membrane is characterized by structure of the corresponding wavelength. The scale is given by membrane properties: its bending modulus and its surface tension, which arises from the membrane's connections to the cytoskeleton. From measurements on the plasma membrane, this scale is on the order of 100 nm. We find that the membrane can be divided into two different kinds of domains that differ not only in their composition but also in their curvature. The first domain in the outer, exoplasmic leaf is rich in cholesterol and sphingomyelin, whereas the inner, cytoplasmic leaf is rich in phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylcholine. The second kind of domain is rich in phosphatidylcholine in the outer leaf and in cholesterol and phosphatidylethanolamine in the inner leaf. The theory provides a tenable basis for the origin of structure in the plasma membrane and an illuminating picture of the organization of lipids therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Allender
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Physics, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
| | - Ha Giang
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Viettel Aerospace Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - M Schick
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
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9
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Abstract
Different from traditional ensemble measurement methods, single-particle tracking (SPT) is a powerful approach to study the distribution of dynamic processes in a complex environment, providing crucial information from individual objects. This Feature summarizes the optical microscopic techniques and data analysis methods for scattering-based SPT. Some essential SPT-based applications within the cell are also delineated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongju Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin , 300071 , China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin , 300071 , China
| | - Lehui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin , 300071 , China
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10
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Yu Y, Li M, Yu Y. Tracking Single Molecules in Biomembranes: Is Seeing Always Believing? ACS NANO 2019; 13:10860-10868. [PMID: 31589406 PMCID: PMC7179047 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b07445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The spatial organization of molecules in cell membranes and their dynamic interactions play a central role in regulating cell functions. Single-particle tracking (SPT), a technique in which single molecules are imaged and tracked in real time, has led to breakthrough discoveries regarding these spatiotemporal complexities of cell membranes. There are, however, emerging concerns about factors that might produce misleading interpretations of SPT results. Here, we briefly review the application of SPT to understanding the nanoscale heterogeneities of plasma membranes, with a focus on the unique challenges, pitfalls, and limitations that confront the use of nanoparticles as imaging probes for tracking the dynamics of single molecules in cell membranes.
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11
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Fast-diffusing p75 NTR monomers support apoptosis and growth cone collapse by neurotrophin ligands. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:21563-21572. [PMID: 31515449 PMCID: PMC6815156 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1902790116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophins (NTs) are homodimeric growth factors displaying fundamental roles in the nervous system. Their activity stems from binding and activation of 3 different receptor types in nervous cell membranes. The p75 NT receptor (p75NTR) was the first to be discovered in 1986; nevertheless, for the numerous structural and functional facets so far reported, its activation mechanisms have remained elusive. Here, we demonstrate that its pleiotropic functions are regulated by different redistributions of the receptors, which crucially depend on the available NT and on the involved subcellular compartment but are unrelated to its oligomerization state. Single-particle studies proved receptors to be monomers with a fast-diffusive behavior in the membrane with, at most, transient self-interactions on the millisecond time scale. The p75 neurotrophin (NT) receptor (p75NTR) plays a crucial role in balancing survival-versus-death decisions in the nervous system. Yet, despite 2 decades of structural and biochemical studies, a comprehensive, accepted model for p75NTR activation by NT ligands is still missing. Here, we present a single-molecule study of membrane p75NTR in living cells, demonstrating that the vast majority of receptors are monomers before and after NT activation. Interestingly, the stoichiometry and diffusion properties of the wild-type (wt) p75NTR are almost identical to those of a receptor mutant lacking residues previously believed to induce oligomerization. The wt p75NTR and mutated (mut) p75NTR differ in their partitioning in cholesterol-rich membrane regions upon nerve growth factor (NGF) stimulation: We argue that this is the origin of the ability of wt p75NTR , but not of mut p75NTR, to mediate immature NT (proNT)-induced apoptosis. Both p75NTR forms support proNT-induced growth cone retraction: We show that receptor surface accumulation is the driving force for cone collapse. Overall, our data unveil the multifaceted activity of the p75NTR monomer and let us provide a coherent interpretative frame of existing conflicting data in the literature.
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12
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Tseng CC, Stanciauskas R, Zhang P, Woo D, Wu K, Kelly K, Gill PS, Yu M, Pinaud F, Lee AS. GRP78 regulates CD44v membrane homeostasis and cell spreading in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:e201900377. [PMID: 31416894 PMCID: PMC6696983 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
GRP78 conducts protein folding and quality control in the ER and shows elevated expression and cell surface translocation in advanced tumors. However, the underlying mechanisms enabling GRP78 to exert novel signaling functions at cell surface are just emerging. CD44 is a transmembrane protein and an important regulator of cancer metastasis, and isoform switch of CD44 through incorporating additional variable exons to the extracellular juxtamembrane region is frequently observed during cancer progression. Using super-resolution dual-color single-particle tracking, we report that GRP78 interacts with CD44v in plasma membrane nanodomains of breast cancer cells. We further show that targeting cell surface GRP78 by the antibodies can effectively reduce cell surface expression of CD44v and cell spreading of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells. Our results uncover new functions of GRP78 as an interacting partner of CD44v and as a regulator of CD44v membrane homeostasis and cell spreading. This study also provides new insights into anti-CD44 therapy in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chih Tseng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ramunas Stanciauskas
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pu Zhang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dennis Woo
- University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kaijin Wu
- Department of Medicine/Division of Hematology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Kelly
- Department of Medicine/Division of Hematology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Parkash S Gill
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Min Yu
- University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fabien Pinaud
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amy S Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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13
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Liu YL, Chou CK, Kim M, Vasisht R, Kuo YA, Ang P, Liu C, Perillo EP, Chen YA, Blocher K, Horng H, Chen YI, Nguyen DT, Yankeelov TE, Hung MC, Dunn AK, Yeh HC. Assessing metastatic potential of breast cancer cells based on EGFR dynamics. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3395. [PMID: 30833579 PMCID: PMC6399327 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37625-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Derailed transmembrane receptor trafficking could be a hallmark of tumorigenesis and increased tumor invasiveness, but receptor dynamics have not been used to differentiate metastatic cancer cells from less invasive ones. Using single-particle tracking techniques, we developed a phenotyping asssay named Transmembrane Receptor Dynamics (TReD), studied the dynamics of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in seven breast epithelial cell lines and developed a phenotyping assay named Transmembrane Receptor Dynamics (TReD). Here we show a clear evidence that increased EGFR diffusivity and enlarged EGFR confinement size in the plasma membrane (PM) are correlated with the enhanced metastatic potential in these cell lines. By comparing the TReD results with the gene expression profiles, we found a clear negative correlation between the EGFR diffusivities and the breast cancer luminal differentiation scores (r = -0.75). Upon the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), EGFR diffusivity significantly increased for the non-tumorigenic MCF10A (99%) and the non-invasive MCF7 (56%) cells, but not for the highly metastatic MDA-MB-231 cell. We believe that the reorganization of actin filaments during EMT modified the PM structures, causing the receptor dynamics to change. TReD can thus serve as a new biophysical marker to probe the metastatic potential of cancer cells and even to monitor the transition of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Liang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Chao-Kai Chou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mirae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Rohan Vasisht
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Yu-An Kuo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Phyllis Ang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Evan P Perillo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Yu-An Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Katherine Blocher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Hannah Horng
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Yuan-I Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Duc Trung Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Thomas E Yankeelov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Livestrong Cancer Institutes, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Andrew K Dunn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Hsin-Chih Yeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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14
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Mamode Cassim A, Gouguet P, Gronnier J, Laurent N, Germain V, Grison M, Boutté Y, Gerbeau-Pissot P, Simon-Plas F, Mongrand S. Plant lipids: Key players of plasma membrane organization and function. Prog Lipid Res 2018; 73:1-27. [PMID: 30465788 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The plasma membrane (PM) is the biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside. The PM is constituted of a huge diversity of proteins and lipids. In this review, we will update the diversity of molecular species of lipids found in plant PM. We will further discuss how lipids govern global properties of the plant PM, explaining that plant lipids are unevenly distributed and are able to organize PM in domains. From that observation, it emerges a complex picture showing a spatial and multiscale segregation of PM components. Finally, we will discuss how lipids are key players in the function of PM in plants, with a particular focus on plant-microbe interaction, transport and hormone signaling, abiotic stress responses, plasmodesmata function. The last chapter is dedicated to the methods that the plant membrane biology community needs to develop to get a comprehensive understanding of membrane organization in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adiilah Mamode Cassim
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Paul Gouguet
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Julien Gronnier
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Nelson Laurent
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, ERL 6003 CNRS, Dijon, France
| | - Véronique Germain
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Magali Grison
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Yohann Boutté
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Patricia Gerbeau-Pissot
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, ERL 6003 CNRS, Dijon, France
| | - Françoise Simon-Plas
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, ERL 6003 CNRS, Dijon, France.
| | - Sébastien Mongrand
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
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15
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Bailey DM, Kovtun O, Rosenthal SJ. Antibody-Conjugated Single Quantum Dot Tracking of Membrane Neurotransmitter Transporters in Primary Neuronal Cultures. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1570:165-177. [PMID: 28238136 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6840-4_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Single particle tracking (SPT) experiments have provided the scientific community with invaluable single-molecule information about the dynamic regulation of individual receptors, transporters, kinases, lipids, and molecular motors. SPT is an alternative to ensemble averaging approaches, where heterogeneous modes of motion might be lost. Quantum dots (QDs) are excellent probes for SPT experiments due to their photostability, high brightness, and size-dependent, narrow emission spectra. In a typical QD-based SPT experiment, QDs are bound to the target of interest and imaged for seconds to minutes via fluorescence video microscopy. Single QD spots in individual frames are then linked to form trajectories that are analyzed to determine their mean square displacement, diffusion coefficient, confinement index, and instantaneous velocity. This chapter describes a generalizable protocol for the single particle tracking of membrane neurotransmitter transporters on cell membranes with either unmodified extracellular antibody probes and secondary antibody-conjugated quantum dots or biotinylated extracellular antibody probes and streptavidin-conjugated quantum dots in primary neuronal cultures. The neuronal cell culture, the biotinylation protocol and the quantum dot labeling procedures, as well as basic data analysis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Bailey
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Oleg Kovtun
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Sandra J Rosenthal
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.
- Vanderbilt Institute for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA.
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16
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Köker T, Tang N, Tian C, Zhang W, Wang X, Martel R, Pinaud F. Cellular imaging by targeted assembly of hot-spot SERS and photoacoustic nanoprobes using split-fluorescent protein scaffolds. Nat Commun 2018; 9:607. [PMID: 29426856 PMCID: PMC5807522 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03046-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The in cellulo assembly of plasmonic nanomaterials into photo-responsive probes is of great interest for many bioimaging and nanophotonic applications but remains challenging with traditional nucleic acid scaffolds-based bottom-up methods. Here, we address this quandary using split-fluorescent protein (FP) fragments as molecular glue and switchable Raman reporters to assemble gold or silver plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) into photonic clusters directly in live cells. When targeted to diffusing surface biomarkers in cancer cells, the NPs self-assemble into surface-enhanced Raman-scattering (SERS) nanoclusters having hot spots homogenously seeded by the reconstruction of full-length FPs. Within plasmonic hot spots, autocatalytic activation of the FP chromophore and near-field amplification of its Raman fingerprints enable selective and sensitive SERS imaging of targeted cells. This FP-driven assembly of metal colloids also yields enhanced photoacoustic signals, allowing the hybrid FP/NP nanoclusters to serve as contrast agents for multimodal SERS and photoacoustic microscopy with single-cell sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuğba Köker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 1050 Child Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Nathalie Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Montréal, C. P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Chao Tian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Xueding Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Richard Martel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Montréal, C. P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Fabien Pinaud
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 1050 Child Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, 1050 Child Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, 1050 Child Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
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17
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Hu J, Li Y, Li Y, Tang B, Zhang CY. Single Quantum Dot-Based Nanosensor for Sensitive Detection of O-GlcNAc Transferase Activity. Anal Chem 2017; 89:12992-12999. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Hu
- College of
Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in
Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes,
Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean
Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yueying Li
- College of
Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in
Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes,
Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean
Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Ying Li
- School
of Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of
Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in
Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes,
Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean
Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Chun-yang Zhang
- College of
Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in
Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes,
Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean
Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
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18
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Liu YL, Perillo EP, Liu C, Yu P, Chou CK, Hung MC, Dunn AK, Yeh HC. Segmentation of 3D Trajectories Acquired by TSUNAMI Microscope: An Application to EGFR Trafficking. Biophys J 2017; 111:2214-2227. [PMID: 27851944 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas important discoveries made by single-particle tracking have changed our view of the plasma membrane organization and motor protein dynamics in the past three decades, experimental studies of intracellular processes using single-particle tracking are rather scarce because of the lack of three-dimensional (3D) tracking capacity. In this study we use a newly developed 3D single-particle tracking method termed TSUNAMI (Tracking of Single particles Using Nonlinear And Multiplexed Illumination) to investigate epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) trafficking dynamics in live cells at 16/43 nm (xy/z) spatial resolution, with track duration ranging from 2 to 10 min and vertical tracking depth up to tens of microns. To analyze the long 3D trajectories generated by the TSUNAMI microscope, we developed a trajectory analysis algorithm, which reaches 81% segment classification accuracy in control experiments (termed simulated movement experiments). When analyzing 95 EGF-stimulated EGFR trajectories acquired in live skin cancer cells, we find that these trajectories can be separated into three groups-immobilization (24.2%), membrane diffusion only (51.6%), and transport from membrane to cytoplasm (24.2%). When EGFRs are membrane-bound, they show an interchange of Brownian diffusion and confined diffusion. When EGFRs are internalized, transitions from confined diffusion to directed diffusion and from directed diffusion back to confined diffusion are clearly seen. This observation agrees well with the model of clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Liang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Evan P Perillo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Peter Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Chao-Kai Chou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Center for Molecular Medicine and Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Center for Molecular Medicine and Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Andrew K Dunn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Hsin-Chih Yeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas.
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19
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Schneider F, Waithe D, Clausen MP, Galiani S, Koller T, Ozhan G, Eggeling C, Sezgin E. Diffusion of lipids and GPI-anchored proteins in actin-free plasma membrane vesicles measured by STED-FCS. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:1507-1518. [PMID: 28404749 DOI: 10.1101/076109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffusion and interaction dynamics of molecules at the plasma membrane play an important role in cellular signaling and are suggested to be strongly associated with the actin cytoskeleton. Here we use superresolution STED microscopy combined with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (STED-FCS) to access and compare the diffusion characteristics of fluorescent lipid analogues and GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) in the live-cell plasma membrane and in actin cytoskeleton-free, cell-derived giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs). Hindered diffusion of phospholipids and sphingolipids is abolished in the GPMVs, whereas transient nanodomain incorporation of ganglioside lipid GM1 is apparent in both the live-cell membrane and GPMVs. For GPI-APs, we detect two molecular pools in living cells; one pool shows high mobility with transient incorporation into nanodomains, and the other pool forms immobile clusters, both of which disappear in GPMVs. Our data underline the crucial role of the actin cortex in maintaining hindered diffusion modes of many but not all of the membrane molecules and highlight a powerful experimental approach to decipher specific influences on molecular plasma membrane dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falk Schneider
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX39DS, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic Waithe
- Wolfson Imaging Centre Oxford, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX39DS, United Kingdom
| | - Mathias P Clausen
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX39DS, United Kingdom
- MEMPHYS-Center for Biomembrane Physics, Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Silvia Galiani
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX39DS, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Koller
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX39DS, United Kingdom
| | - Gunes Ozhan
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University Medical School, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Dokuz Eylul University Medical School, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Christian Eggeling
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX39DS, United Kingdom
- Wolfson Imaging Centre Oxford, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX39DS, United Kingdom
| | - Erdinc Sezgin
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX39DS, United Kingdom
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20
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Schneider F, Waithe D, Clausen MP, Galiani S, Koller T, Ozhan G, Eggeling C, Sezgin E. Diffusion of lipids and GPI-anchored proteins in actin-free plasma membrane vesicles measured by STED-FCS. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:1507-1518. [PMID: 28404749 PMCID: PMC5449149 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-07-0536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffusion and interaction dynamics of molecules at the plasma membrane play an important role in cellular signaling and are suggested to be strongly associated with the actin cytoskeleton. Here we use superresolution STED microscopy combined with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (STED-FCS) to access and compare the diffusion characteristics of fluorescent lipid analogues and GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) in the live-cell plasma membrane and in actin cytoskeleton-free, cell-derived giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs). Hindered diffusion of phospholipids and sphingolipids is abolished in the GPMVs, whereas transient nanodomain incorporation of ganglioside lipid GM1 is apparent in both the live-cell membrane and GPMVs. For GPI-APs, we detect two molecular pools in living cells; one pool shows high mobility with transient incorporation into nanodomains, and the other pool forms immobile clusters, both of which disappear in GPMVs. Our data underline the crucial role of the actin cortex in maintaining hindered diffusion modes of many but not all of the membrane molecules and highlight a powerful experimental approach to decipher specific influences on molecular plasma membrane dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falk Schneider
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX39DS, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic Waithe
- Wolfson Imaging Centre Oxford, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX39DS, United Kingdom
| | - Mathias P Clausen
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX39DS, United Kingdom
- MEMPHYS-Center for Biomembrane Physics, Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Silvia Galiani
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX39DS, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Koller
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX39DS, United Kingdom
| | - Gunes Ozhan
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University Medical School, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Dokuz Eylul University Medical School, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Christian Eggeling
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX39DS, United Kingdom
- Wolfson Imaging Centre Oxford, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX39DS, United Kingdom
| | - Erdinc Sezgin
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX39DS, United Kingdom
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21
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Lagerholm BC, Andrade DM, Clausen MP, Eggeling C. Convergence of lateral dynamic measurements in the plasma membrane of live cells from single particle tracking and STED-FCS. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D: APPLIED PHYSICS 2017; 50:063001. [PMID: 28458397 PMCID: PMC5390782 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6463/aa519e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) in combination with the super-resolution imaging method STED (STED-FCS), and single-particle tracking (SPT) are able to directly probe the lateral dynamics of lipids and proteins in the plasma membrane of live cells at spatial scales much below the diffraction limit of conventional microscopy. However, a major disparity in interpretation of data from SPT and STED-FCS remains, namely the proposed existence of a very fast (unhindered) lateral diffusion coefficient, ⩾5 µm2 s-1, in the plasma membrane of live cells at very short length scales, ≈⩽ 100 nm, and time scales, ≈1-10 ms. This fast diffusion coefficient has been advocated in several high-speed SPT studies, for lipids and membrane proteins alike, but the equivalent has not been detected in STED-FCS measurements. Resolving this ambiguity is important because the assessment of membrane dynamics currently relies heavily on SPT for the determination of heterogeneous diffusion. A possible systematic error in this approach would thus have vast implications in this field. To address this, we have re-visited the analysis procedure for SPT data with an emphasis on the measurement errors and the effect that these errors have on the measurement outputs. We subsequently demonstrate that STED-FCS and SPT data, following careful consideration of the experimental errors of the SPT data, converge to a common interpretation which for the case of a diffusing phospholipid analogue in the plasma membrane of live mouse embryo fibroblasts results in an unhindered, intra-compartment, diffusion coefficient of ≈0.7-1.0 µm2 s-1, and a compartment size of about 100-150 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Christoffer Lagerholm
- Wolfson Imaging Centre Oxford, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Débora M Andrade
- Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3SR, UK
| | - Mathias P Clausen
- MEMPHYS-Center for Biomembrane Physics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense M DK-5230, Denmark
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Christian Eggeling
- Wolfson Imaging Centre Oxford, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
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22
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Custer TC, Walter NG. In vitro labeling strategies for in cellulo fluorescence microscopy of single ribonucleoprotein machines. Protein Sci 2017; 26:1363-1379. [PMID: 28028853 PMCID: PMC5477532 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
RNA plays a fundamental, ubiquitous role as either substrate or functional component of many large cellular complexes-"molecular machines"-used to maintain and control the readout of genetic information, a functional landscape that we are only beginning to understand. The cellular mechanisms for the spatiotemporal organization of the plethora of RNAs involved in gene expression are particularly poorly understood. Intracellular single-molecule fluorescence microscopy provides a powerful emerging tool for probing the pertinent mechanistic parameters that govern cellular RNA functions, including those of protein coding messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Progress has been hampered, however, by the scarcity of efficient high-yield methods to fluorescently label RNA molecules without the need to drastically increase their molecular weight through artificial appendages that may result in altered behavior. Herein, we employ T7 RNA polymerase to body label an RNA with a cyanine dye, as well as yeast poly(A) polymerase to strategically place multiple 2'-azido-modifications for subsequent fluorophore labeling either between the body and tail or randomly throughout the tail. Using a combination of biochemical and single-molecule fluorescence microscopy approaches, we demonstrate that both yeast poly(A) polymerase labeling strategies result in fully functional mRNA, whereas protein coding is severely diminished in the case of body labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Custer
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109.,Single Molecule Analysis Group and Center for RNA Biomedicine, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109
| | - Nils G Walter
- Single Molecule Analysis Group and Center for RNA Biomedicine, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109
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23
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Hu J, Wang ZY, Li CC, Zhang CY. Advances in single quantum dot-based nanosensors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:13284-13295. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc07752a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We review the advances in single quantum dot-based nanosensors and their biomedical applications. We highlight their challenges and future direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Hu
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
| | - Zi-yue Wang
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
| | - Chen-chen Li
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
| | - Chun-yang Zhang
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
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24
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St. Clair JR, Wang Q, Li G, London E. Preparation and Physical Properties of Asymmetric Model Membrane Vesicles. SPRINGER SERIES IN BIOPHYSICS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6244-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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25
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Hatakeyama H, Nakahata Y, Yarimizu H, Kanzaki M. Live-cell single-molecule labeling and analysis of myosin motors with quantum dots. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 28:173-181. [PMID: 28035048 PMCID: PMC5221621 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-06-0413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are a powerful tool for quantitative biology, but two challenges are associated with using them to track intracellular molecules in live cells. A simple and convenient method is presented for labeling intracellular molecules by using HaloTag technology and electroporation and is used to successfully track myosins within live cells. Quantum dots (QDs) are a powerful tool for quantitatively analyzing dynamic cellular processes by single-particle tracking. However, tracking of intracellular molecules with QDs is limited by their inability to penetrate the plasma membrane and bind to specific molecules of interest. Although several techniques for overcoming these problems have been proposed, they are either complicated or inconvenient. To address this issue, in this study, we developed a simple, convenient, and nontoxic method for labeling intracellular molecules in cells using HaloTag technology and electroporation. We labeled intracellular myosin motors with this approach and tracked their movement within cells. By simultaneously imaging myosin movement and F-actin architecture, we observed that F-actin serves not only as a rail but also as a barrier for myosin movement. We analyzed the effect of insulin on the movement of several myosin motors, which have been suggested to regulate intracellular trafficking of the insulin-responsive glucose transporter GLUT4, but found no significant enhancement in myosin motor motility as a result of insulin treatment. Our approach expands the repertoire of proteins for which intracellular dynamics can be analyzed at the single-molecule level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Hatakeyama
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan .,Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Nakahata
- Department of Information and Intelligent Systems, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Yarimizu
- Department of Information and Intelligent Systems, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Makoto Kanzaki
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.,Department of Information and Intelligent Systems, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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26
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Hartel AJW, Glogger M, Jones NG, Abuillan W, Batram C, Hermann A, Fenz SF, Tanaka M, Engstler M. N-glycosylation enables high lateral mobility of GPI-anchored proteins at a molecular crowding threshold. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12870. [PMID: 27641538 PMCID: PMC5031801 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein density in biological membranes can be extraordinarily high, but the impact of molecular crowding on the diffusion of membrane proteins has not been studied systematically in a natural system. The diversity of the membrane proteome of most cells may preclude systematic studies. African trypanosomes, however, feature a uniform surface coat that is dominated by a single type of variant surface glycoprotein (VSG). Here we study the density-dependence of the diffusion of different glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored VSG-types on living cells and in artificial membranes. Our results suggest that a specific molecular crowding threshold (MCT) limits diffusion and hence affects protein function. Obstacles in the form of heterologous proteins compromise the diffusion coefficient and the MCT. The trypanosome VSG-coat operates very close to its MCT. Importantly, our experiments show that N-linked glycans act as molecular insulators that reduce retarding intermolecular interactions allowing membrane proteins to function correctly even when densely packed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas J. W. Hartel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Marius Glogger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Nicola G. Jones
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Wasim Abuillan
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Christopher Batram
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Anne Hermann
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Susanne F. Fenz
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Motomu Tanaka
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Science (WPI iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Markus Engstler
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
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27
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Arnold AM, Sevcsik E, Schütz GJ. Monte Carlo simulations of protein micropatterning in biomembranes: effects of immobile sticky obstacles. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D: APPLIED PHYSICS 2016; 49:10.1088/0022-3727/49/36/364002. [PMID: 30880837 PMCID: PMC6417683 DOI: 10.1088/0022-3727/49/36/364002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Single molecule trajectories of lipids and proteins can yield valuable information about the nanoscopic organization of the plasma membrane itself. The interpretation of such trajectories, however, is complicated, as the mobility of molecules can be affected by the presence of immobile obstacles, and the transient binding of the tracers to these obstacles. We have previously developed a micropatterning approach that allows for immobilizing a plasma membrane protein and probing the diffusional behavior of a putative interaction partner in living cells. Here, we provide guidelines on how this micropatterning approach can be extended to quantify interaction parameters between plasma membrane constituents in their natural environment. We simulated a patterned membrane system and evaluated the effect of different surface densities of patterned immobile obstacles on the relative mobility as well as the surface density of diffusing tracers. In the case of inert obstacles, the size of the obstacle can be assessed from its surface density at the percolation threshold, which in turn can be extracted from the diffusion behavior of the tracer. For sticky obstacles, two-dimensional dissociation constants can be determined from the tracer diffusion or surface density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas M Arnold
- Institute of Applied Physics, Technische Universität Wien, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Sevcsik
- Institute of Applied Physics, Technische Universität Wien, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard J Schütz
- Institute of Applied Physics, Technische Universität Wien, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria
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Chen D, Monteiro-Riviere NA, Zhang LW. Intracellular imaging of quantum dots, gold, and iron oxide nanoparticles with associated endocytic pathways. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 9. [PMID: 27418010 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Metallic nanoparticles (NP) have been used for biomedical applications especially for imaging. Compared to nonmetallic NP, metallic NP provide high contrast images because of their optical light scattering, magnetic resonance, X-ray absorption, or other physicochemical properties. In this review, a series of in vitro imaging techniques for metallic NP will be introduced, meanwhile their strengths and weaknesses will be discussed. By utilizing these imaging methods, the cellular uptake of metallic NP can be easily visualized to better understand the endocytic mechanisms of NP intracellular delivery. Several types of metallic NP that are used for imaging or as contrast agents such as quantum dots, gold, iron oxide, and other metallic NP will be presented. Cellular uptake of metallic NP and associated endocytic mechanisms highly depends upon the NP size, charge, surface coating, shape, or other factors such as cell type, cell differentiation status, cell surface status, external forces, protein binding, temperature, and the biological milieu. Classical endocytic routes such as lipid raft-mediated pathways, clathrin or caveolae-mediated pathways, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis have been investigated, yet there is still a demand to determine other endocytic pathways. Knowing the different methodologies used to determine the endocytic pathways will increase the understanding of NP toxicity, cancer cell targeting, and imaging, so that surface coatings can be created for efficient cell uptake of metallic NP with minimal cytotoxicity WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2017, 9:e1419. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1419 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Chen
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, China
| | - Nancy A Monteiro-Riviere
- Nanotechnology Innovation Center of Kansas State, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Leshuai W Zhang
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, China
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29
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Dosset P, Rassam P, Fernandez L, Espenel C, Rubinstein E, Margeat E, Milhiet PE. Automatic detection of diffusion modes within biological membranes using back-propagation neural network. BMC Bioinformatics 2016; 17:197. [PMID: 27141816 PMCID: PMC4855490 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-016-1064-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Single particle tracking (SPT) is nowadays one of the most popular technique to probe spatio-temporal dynamics of proteins diffusing within the plasma membrane. Indeed membrane components of eukaryotic cells are very dynamic molecules and can diffuse according to different motion modes. Trajectories are often reconstructed frame-by-frame and dynamic properties often evaluated using mean square displacement (MSD) analysis. However, to get statistically significant results in tracking experiments, analysis of a large number of trajectories is required and new methods facilitating this analysis are still needed. Results In this study we developed a new algorithm based on back-propagation neural network (BPNN) and MSD analysis using a sliding window. The neural network was trained and cross validated with short synthetic trajectories. For simulated and experimental data, the algorithm was shown to accurately discriminate between Brownian, confined and directed diffusion modes within one trajectory, the 3 main of diffusion encountered for proteins diffusing within biological membranes. It does not require a minimum number of observed particle displacements within the trajectory to infer the presence of multiple motion states. The size of the sliding window was small enough to measure local behavior and to detect switches between different diffusion modes for segments as short as 20 frames. It also provides quantitative information from each segment of these trajectories. Besides its ability to detect switches between 3 modes of diffusion, this algorithm is able to analyze simultaneously hundreds of trajectories with a short computational time. Conclusion This new algorithm, implemented in powerful and handy software, provides a new conceptual and versatile tool, to accurately analyze the dynamic behavior of membrane components. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12859-016-1064-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Dosset
- Inserm, U1054, Montpellier, France.,Université de Montpellier, CNRS, UMR 5048, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrice Rassam
- Inserm, U1054, Montpellier, France.,Université de Montpellier, CNRS, UMR 5048, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Fernandez
- Inserm, U1054, Montpellier, France.,Université de Montpellier, CNRS, UMR 5048, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Montpellier, France
| | - Cedric Espenel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric Rubinstein
- Inserm, U1004, Villejuif, France.,Institut André Lwoff, Université Paris 11, Villejuif, France
| | - Emmanuel Margeat
- Inserm, U1054, Montpellier, France.,Université de Montpellier, CNRS, UMR 5048, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Milhiet
- Inserm, U1054, Montpellier, France. .,Université de Montpellier, CNRS, UMR 5048, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Montpellier, France. .,Centre de Biochimie Structurale, 29, rue de Navacelles, 34090, Montpellier, France.
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Ratiometric Fluorescence Live Imaging Analysis of Membrane Lipid Order in Arabidopsis Mitotic Cells Using a Lipid Order-Sensitive Probe. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1370:227-39. [PMID: 26659966 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3142-2_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells contain membranes exhibiting different levels of lipid order mostly related to their relative amount of sterol-rich domains, thought to mediate temporal and spatial organization of cellular processes. We previously provided evidence in Arabidopsis thaliana that sterols are crucial for execution of cytokinesis, the last stage of cell division. Recently, we used di-4-ANEPPDHQ, a fluorescent probe sensitive to order of lipid phases, to quantify the level of membrane order of the cell plate, the membrane structure separating daughter cells during somatic cytokinesis of higher plant cells. By employing quantitative, ratiometric fluorescence microscopy for mapping localized lipid order levels, we revealed that the Arabidopsis cell plate represents a high-lipid-order domain of the plasma membrane. Here, we describe step-by-step protocols and troubleshooting for ratiometric live imaging procedures employing the di-4-ANEPPDHQ fluorescent probe for quantification of membrane lipid order during plant cell division in suspension cell cultures and roots of Arabidopsis thaliana.
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31
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Manzo C, Garcia-Parajo MF. A review of progress in single particle tracking: from methods to biophysical insights. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2015; 78:124601. [PMID: 26511974 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/78/12/124601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Optical microscopy has for centuries been a key tool to study living cells with minimum invasiveness. The advent of single molecule techniques over the past two decades has revolutionized the field of cell biology by providing a more quantitative picture of the complex and highly dynamic organization of living systems. Amongst these techniques, single particle tracking (SPT) has emerged as a powerful approach to study a variety of dynamic processes in life sciences. SPT provides access to single molecule behavior in the natural context of living cells, thereby allowing a complete statistical characterization of the system under study. In this review we describe the foundations of SPT together with novel optical implementations that nowadays allow the investigation of single molecule dynamic events with increasingly high spatiotemporal resolution using molecular densities closer to physiological expression levels. We outline some of the algorithms for the faithful reconstruction of SPT trajectories as well as data analysis, and highlight biological examples where the technique has provided novel insights into the role of diffusion regulating cellular function. The last part of the review concentrates on different theoretical models that describe anomalous transport behavior and ergodicity breaking observed from SPT studies in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Manzo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, Mediterranean Technology Park, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
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32
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Abstract
The local structure and composition of the outer membrane of an animal cell are important factors in the control of many membrane processes and mechanisms. These include signaling, sorting, and exo- and endocytic processes that are occurring all the time in a living cell. Paradoxically, not only are the local structure and composition of the membrane matters of much debate and discussion, the mechanisms that govern its genesis remain highly controversial. Here, we discuss a swathe of new technological advances that may be applied to understand the local structure and composition of the membrane of a living cell from the molecular scale to the scale of the whole membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S van Zanten
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (TIFR), Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Satyajit Mayor
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (TIFR), Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065, India
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33
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Harkes R, Keizer VIP, Schaaf MJM, Schmidt T. Depth-of-Focus Correction in Single-Molecule Data Allows Analysis of 3D Diffusion of the Glucocorticoid Receptor in the Nucleus. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141080. [PMID: 26555072 PMCID: PMC4640500 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-molecule imaging of proteins in a 2D environment like membranes has been frequently used to extract diffusive properties of multiple fractions of receptors. In a 3D environment the apparent fractions however change with observation time due to the movements of molecules out of the depth-of-field of the microscope. Here we developed a mathematical framework that allowed us to correct for the change in fraction size due to the limited detection volume in 3D single-molecule imaging. We applied our findings on the mobility of activated glucocorticoid receptors in the cell nucleus, and found a freely diffusing fraction of 0.49±0.02. Our analysis further showed that interchange between this mobile fraction and an immobile fraction does not occur on time scales shorter than 150 ms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Harkes
- Physics of Life Processes, Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Veer I. P. Keizer
- Institute of Biology Leiden (IBL), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel J. M. Schaaf
- Institute of Biology Leiden (IBL), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Physics of Life Processes, Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Lipid rafts are putative complexes of lipids and proteins in cellular membranes that are proposed to function in trafficking and signalling events. CTxB (cholera toxin B-subunit) has emerged as one of the most studied examples of a raft-associated protein. Consisting of the membrane-binding domain of cholera toxin, CTxB binds up to five copies of its lipid receptor on the plasma membrane of the host cell. This multivalency of binding gives the toxin the ability to reorganize underlying membrane structure by cross-linking otherwise small and transient lipid rafts. CTxB thus serves as a useful model for understanding the properties and functions of protein-stabilized domains. In the present chapter, we summarize current evidence that CTxB associates with and cross-links lipid rafts, discuss how CTxB binding modulates the architecture and dynamics of membrane domains, and describe the functional consequences of this cross-linking behaviour on toxin uptake into cells via endocytosis.
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35
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Slator PJ, Cairo CW, Burroughs NJ. Detection of Diffusion Heterogeneity in Single Particle Tracking Trajectories Using a Hidden Markov Model with Measurement Noise Propagation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140759. [PMID: 26473352 PMCID: PMC4608688 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We develop a Bayesian analysis framework to detect heterogeneity in the diffusive behaviour of single particle trajectories on cells, implementing model selection to classify trajectories as either consistent with Brownian motion or with a two-state (diffusion coefficient) switching model. The incorporation of localisation accuracy is essential, as otherwise false detection of switching within a trajectory was observed and diffusion coefficient estimates were inflated. Since our analysis is on a single trajectory basis, we are able to examine heterogeneity between trajectories in a quantitative manner. Applying our method to the lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) receptor tagged with latex beads (4 s trajectories at 1000 frames s−1), both intra- and inter-trajectory heterogeneity were detected; 12–26% of trajectories display clear switching between diffusive states dependent on condition, whilst the inter-trajectory variability is highly structured with the diffusion coefficients being related by D1 = 0.68D0 − 1.5 × 104 nm2 s−1, suggestive that on these time scales we are detecting switching due to a single process. Further, the inter-trajectory variability of the diffusion coefficient estimates (1.6 × 102 − 2.6 × 105 nm2 s−1) is very much larger than the measurement uncertainty within trajectories, suggesting that LFA-1 aggregation and cytoskeletal interactions are significantly affecting mobility, whilst the timescales of these processes are distinctly different giving rise to inter- and intra-trajectory variability. There is also an ‘immobile’ state (defined as D < 3.0 × 103 nm2 s−1) that is rarely involved in switching, immobility occurring with the highest frequency (47%) under T cell activation (phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) treatment) with enhanced cytoskeletal attachment (calpain inhibition). Such ‘immobile’ states frequently display slow linear drift, potentially reflecting binding to a dynamic actin cortex. Our methods allow significantly more information to be extracted from individual trajectories (ultimately limited by time resolution and time-series length), and allow statistical comparisons between trajectories thereby quantifying inter-trajectory heterogeneity. Such methods will be highly informative for the construction and fitting of molecule mobility models within membranes incorporating aggregation, binding to the cytoskeleton, or traversing membrane microdomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paddy J. Slator
- Systems Biology Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Systems Biology Doctoral Training Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nigel J. Burroughs
- Systems Biology Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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36
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The molecular size of the extra-membrane domain influences the diffusion of the GPI-anchored VSG on the trypanosome plasma membrane. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10394. [PMID: 26065579 PMCID: PMC5387117 DOI: 10.1038/srep10394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A plethora of proteins undergo random and passive diffusion in biological membranes. While the contribution of the membrane-embedded domain to diffusion is well established, the potential impact of the extra-membrane protein part has been largely neglected. Here, we show that the molecular length influences the diffusion coefficient of GPI-anchored proteins: smaller proteins diffuse faster than larger ones. The distinct diffusion properties of differently sized membrane proteins are biologically relevant. The variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) of African trypanosomes, for example, is sized for an effective diffusion-driven randomization on the cell surface, a process that is essential for parasite virulence. We propose that the molecular sizes of proteins dominating the cell surfaces of other eukaryotic pathogens may also be related to diffusion-limited functions.
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37
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Paramelle D, Nieves D, Brun B, Kraut RS, Fernig DG. Targeting Cell Membrane Lipid Rafts by Stoichiometric Functionalization of Gold Nanoparticles With a Sphingolipid-Binding Domain Peptide. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:911-7. [PMID: 25650337 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A non-membrane protein-based nanoparticle agent for the tracking of lipid rafts on live cells is produced by stoichiometric functionalization of gold nanoparticles with a previously characterized sphingolipid- and cell membrane microdomain-binding domain peptide (SBD). The SBD peptide is inserted in a self-assembled monolayer of peptidol and alkane thiol ethylene glycol, on gold nanoparticles surface. The stoichiometric functionalization of nanoparticles with the SBD peptide, essential for single molecule tracking, is achieved by means of non-affinity nanoparticle purification. The SBD-nanoparticles have remarkable long-term resistance to electrolyte-induced aggregation and ligand-exchange and have no detectable non-specific binding to live cells. Binding and diffusion of SBD-nanoparticles bound to the membrane of live cells is measured by real-time photothermal microscopy and shows the dynamics of sphingolipid-enriched microdomains on cells membrane, with evidence for clustering, splitting, and diffusion over time of the SBD-nanoparticle labeled membrane domains. The monofunctionalized SBD-nanoparticle is a promising targeting agent for the tracking of lipid rafts independently of their protein composition and the labelling requires no prior modification of the cells. This approach has potential for further functionalization of the particles to manipulate the organization of, or targeting to microdomains that control signaling events and thereby lead to novel diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Paramelle
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering; A*STAR (Agency for Science Technology and Research); 3 Research Link 117602 Singapore
| | - Daniel Nieves
- Department of Biochemistry; Institute of Integrative Biology; University of Liverpool; Liverpool L69 7ZB UK
| | - Benjamin Brun
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering; A*STAR (Agency for Science Technology and Research); 3 Research Link 117602 Singapore
| | - Rachel S. Kraut
- School of Biological Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; 50 Nanyang Ave 639798 Singapore
| | - David G. Fernig
- Department of Biochemistry; Institute of Integrative Biology; University of Liverpool; Liverpool L69 7ZB UK
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38
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Lipid rafts and raft-mediated supramolecular entities in the regulation of CD95 death receptor apoptotic signaling. Apoptosis 2015; 20:584-606. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-015-1104-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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39
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Marchetti L, Luin S, Bonsignore F, de Nadai T, Beltram F, Cattaneo A. Ligand-induced dynamics of neurotrophin receptors investigated by single-molecule imaging approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:1949-79. [PMID: 25603178 PMCID: PMC4307343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16011949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophins are secreted proteins that regulate neuronal development and survival, as well as maintenance and plasticity of the adult nervous system. The biological activity of neurotrophins stems from their binding to two membrane receptor types, the tropomyosin receptor kinase and the p75 neurotrophin receptors (NRs). The intracellular signalling cascades thereby activated have been extensively investigated. Nevertheless, a comprehensive description of the ligand-induced nanoscale details of NRs dynamics and interactions spanning from the initial lateral movements triggered at the plasma membrane to the internalization and transport processes is still missing. Recent advances in high spatio-temporal resolution imaging techniques have yielded new insight on the dynamics of NRs upon ligand binding. Here we discuss requirements, potential and practical implementation of these novel approaches for the study of neurotrophin trafficking and signalling, in the framework of current knowledge available also for other ligand-receptor systems. We shall especially highlight the correlation between the receptor dynamics activated by different neurotrophins and the respective signalling outcome, as recently revealed by single-molecule tracking of NRs in living neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marchetti
- National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology (NEST) Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa I-56127, Italy.
| | - Stefano Luin
- National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology (NEST) Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa I-56127, Italy.
| | - Fulvio Bonsignore
- National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology (NEST) Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa I-56127, Italy.
| | - Teresa de Nadai
- Biology Laboratory (BioSNS), Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto di Neuroscienze-CNR, via Moruzzi 1, Pisa I-56100, Italy.
| | - Fabio Beltram
- National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology (NEST) Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa I-56127, Italy.
| | - Antonino Cattaneo
- Biology Laboratory (BioSNS), Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto di Neuroscienze-CNR, via Moruzzi 1, Pisa I-56100, Italy.
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40
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Li H, Dou SX, Liu YR, Li W, Xie P, Wang WC, Wang PY. Mapping intracellular diffusion distribution using single quantum dot tracking: compartmentalized diffusion defined by endoplasmic reticulum. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:436-44. [PMID: 25535941 DOI: 10.1021/ja511273c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The crowded intracellular environment influences the diffusion-mediated cellular processes, such as metabolism, signaling, and transport. The hindered diffusion of macromolecules in heterogeneous cytoplasm has been studied over years, but the detailed diffusion distribution and its origin still remain unclear. Here, we introduce a novel method to map rapidly the diffusion distribution in single cells based on single-particle tracking (SPT) of quantum dots (QDs). The diffusion map reveals the heterogeneous intracellular environment and, more importantly, an unreported compartmentalization of QD diffusions in cytoplasm. Simultaneous observations of QD motion and green fluorescent protein-tagged endoplasmic reticulum (ER) dynamics provide direct evidence that the compartmentalization results from micron-scale domains defined by ER tubules, and ER cisternae form perinuclear areas that restrict QDs to enter. The same phenomenon was observed using fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextrans, further confirming the compartmentalized diffusion. These results shed new light on the diffusive movements of macromolecules in the cell, and the mapping of intracellular diffusion distribution may be used to develop strategies for nanoparticle-based drug deliveries and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
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41
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Mollinedo F, Gajate C. Lipid rafts as major platforms for signaling regulation in cancer. Adv Biol Regul 2015; 57:130-146. [PMID: 25465296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cell signaling does not apparently occur randomly over the cell surface, but it seems to be integrated very often into cholesterol-rich membrane domains, termed lipid rafts. Membrane lipid rafts are highly ordered membrane domains that are enriched in cholesterol, sphingolipids and gangliosides, and behave as major modulators of membrane geometry, lateral movement of molecules, traffic and signal transduction. Because the lipid and protein composition of membrane rafts differs from that of the surrounding membrane, they provide an additional level of compartmentalization, serving as sorting platforms and hubs for signal transduction proteins. A wide number of signal transduction processes related to cell adhesion, migration, as well as to cell survival and proliferation, which play major roles in cancer development and progression, are dependent on lipid rafts. Despite lipid rafts harbor mainly critical survival signaling pathways, including insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I)/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling, recent evidence suggests that these membrane domains can also house death receptor-mediated apoptotic signaling. Recruitment of this death receptor signaling pathway in membrane rafts can be pharmacologically modulated, thus opening up the possibility to regulate cell demise with a therapeutic use. The synthetic ether phospholipid edelfosine shows a high affinity for cholesterol and accumulates in lipid rafts in a number of malignant hematological cells, leading to an efficient in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity by inducing translocation of death receptors and downstream signaling molecules to these membrane domains. Additional antitumor drugs have also been shown to act, at least in part, by recruiting death receptors in lipid rafts. The partition of death receptors together with downstream apoptotic signaling molecules in membrane rafts has led us to postulate the concept of a special liquid-ordered membrane platform coined as "cluster of apoptotic signaling molecule-enriched rafts" (CASMER), referring to raft platforms enriched in apoptotic molecules. CASMERs act as scaffolds for apoptosis signaling compartmentalization, facilitating and stabilizing protein-protein interactions by local assembly of cross-interacting molecules, which leads to apoptosis amplification and a decrease in apoptotic signal threshold. Edelfosine also displaced survival PI3K/Akt signaling from lipid rafts, leading to Akt inhibition, in mantle cell lymphoma cells. Thus, membrane rafts could act as scaffold structures where segregation of pro- from anti-apoptotic molecules could take place. In this review, we summarize our view of how reorganization of the protein composition of lipid raft membrane domains regulates cell death and therefore it might be envisaged as a novel target in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faustino Mollinedo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Consuelo Gajate
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain.
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42
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Palui G, Aldeek F, Wang W, Mattoussi H. Strategies for interfacing inorganic nanocrystals with biological systems based on polymer-coating. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:193-227. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00124a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A representative set of nanocrystals made of semiconductors, Au and iron oxide, surface-capped with polymer ligands presenting various metal-coordinating groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Palui
- Florida State University
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Tallahassee
- USA
| | - Fadi Aldeek
- Florida State University
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Tallahassee
- USA
| | - Wentao Wang
- Florida State University
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Tallahassee
- USA
| | - Hedi Mattoussi
- Florida State University
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Tallahassee
- USA
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43
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Gündüz S, Power A, Maier ME, Logothetis NK, Angelovski G. Synthesis and Characterization of a Biotinylated Multivalent Targeted Contrast Agent. Chempluschem 2014; 80:612-622. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201402329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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44
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Mellnik J, Vasquez PA, McKinley SA, Witten J, Hill DB, Forest MG. Micro-heterogeneity metrics for diffusion in soft matter. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:7781-96. [PMID: 25144347 PMCID: PMC4186960 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm00676c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Passive particle tracking of diffusive paths in soft matter, coupled with analysis of the path data, is firmly established as a fundamental methodology for characterization of both diffusive transport properties (the focus here) and linear viscoelasticity. For either focus, particle time series are typically analyzed by ensemble averaging over paths, a perfectly natural protocol for homogeneous materials or for applications where mean properties are sufficient. Many biological materials, however, are heterogeneous over length scales above the probe diameter, and the implications of heterogeneity for biologically relevant transport properties (e.g. diffusive passage times through a complex fluid layer) motivate this paper. Our goals are three-fold: first, to detect heterogeneity as reflected by the ensemble path data; second, to further decompose the ensemble of particle paths into statistically distinct clusters; and third, to fit the path data in each cluster to a model for the underlying stochastic process. After reviewing current best practices for detection and assessment of heterogeneity in diffusive processes, we introduce our strategy toward the first two goals with methods from the statistics and machine learning literature that have not found application thus far to passive particle tracking data. We apply an analysis based solely on the path data that detects heterogeneity and yields a decomposition of particle paths into statistically distinct clusters. After these two goals are achieved, one can then pursue model-fitting. We illustrate these heterogeneity metrics on diverse datasets: for numerically generated and experimental particle paths, with tunable and unknown heterogeneity, on numerical models for simple diffusion and anomalous sub-diffusion, and experimentally on sucrose, hyaluronic acid, agarose, and human lung culture mucus solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Mellnik
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
- Department of Mathematics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel, Hill, NC USA. Fax:919-962-9345; Tel:919-962-9606;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Paula A. Vasquez
- Department of Mathematics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Scott A. McKinley
- Department of Mathematics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Jacob Witten
- Department of Mathematics, Amherst College, Amherst, MA USA
| | - David B. Hill
- The Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - M. Gregory Forest
- Department of Mathematics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel, Hill, NC USA. Fax:919-962-9345; Tel:919-962-9606;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
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45
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In vivo single-molecule imaging identifies altered dynamics of calcium channels in dystrophin-mutant C. elegans. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4974. [PMID: 25232639 PMCID: PMC4199201 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-molecule (SM) fluorescence microscopy allows the imaging of biomolecules in cultured cells with a precision of a few nanometres but has yet to be implemented in living adult animals. Here we used split-GFP (green fluorescent protein) fusions and complementation-activated light microscopy (CALM) for subresolution imaging of individual membrane proteins in live Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). In vivo tissue-specific SM tracking of transmembrane CD4 and voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (VDCC) was achieved with a precision of 30 nm within neuromuscular synapses and at the surface of muscle cells in normal and dystrophin-mutant worms. Through diffusion analyses, we reveal that dystrophin is involved in modulating the confinement of VDCC within sarcolemmal membrane nanodomains in response to varying tonus of C. elegans body-wall muscles. CALM expands the applications of SM imaging techniques beyond the petri dish and opens the possibility to explore the molecular basis of homeostatic and pathological cellular processes with subresolution precision, directly in live animals. Single molecule fluorescence microscopy is a powerful technique to study protein dynamics in cells, but it has not been applied to adult animals. The authors use complementation-activated light microscopy in C. elegansto discover that dystrophin regulates the diffusion properties of voltage-dependent calcium ion channels at the surface of body-wall muscle cells.![]()
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46
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Pilarczyk M, Mateuszuk L, Rygula A, Kepczynski M, Chlopicki S, Baranska M, Kaczor A. Endothelium in spots--high-content imaging of lipid rafts clusters in db/db mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106065. [PMID: 25166908 PMCID: PMC4148353 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid rafts (LRs) are dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched nanodomains involved in the regulation of cellular functions and signal transduction, that upon stimuli, via (e.g. association of raft proteins and lipids), may cluster into domains of submicron or micron scale. Up to date, however, lipid raft clusters were observed only under artificially promoted conditions and their formation in vivo has not been confirmed. Using non-destructive approach involving Raman and Atomic Force Microscopy imaging we demonstrated the presence of clustered lipid rafts in endothelium of the aorta of the db/db mice that represent a reliable murine model of type 2 diabetes. The raft clusters in the aorta of diabetic mice were shown to occupy a considerably larger (about 10-fold) area of endothelial cells surface as compared to the control. Observation of pathology-promoted LRs confirms that the cellular increase of lipid content results in clustering of LRs. Clustering of LRs leads to the formation of assemblies with diameters up to 3 micrometers and increased lipid character. This massive clustering of lipid rafts in diabetes may trigger a signaling cascade leading to vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pilarczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Jagiellonian Centre of Experimental Therapeutics, Krakow, Poland
| | - Lukasz Mateuszuk
- Jagiellonian Centre of Experimental Therapeutics, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Rygula
- Jagiellonian Centre of Experimental Therapeutics, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre of Experimental Therapeutics, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Baranska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Jagiellonian Centre of Experimental Therapeutics, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kaczor
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Jagiellonian Centre of Experimental Therapeutics, Krakow, Poland
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47
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You C, Richter CP, Löchte S, Wilmes S, Piehler J. Dynamic Submicroscopic Signaling Zones Revealed by Pair Correlation Tracking and Localization Microscopy. Anal Chem 2014; 86:8593-602. [DOI: 10.1021/ac501127r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Changjiang You
- Department
of Biology, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Christian P. Richter
- Department
of Biology, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Sara Löchte
- Department
of Biology, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Stephan Wilmes
- Department
of Biology, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Jacob Piehler
- Department
of Biology, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
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48
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Keller AM, Ghosh Y, DeVore MS, Phipps ME, Stewart MH, Wilson BS, Lidke DS, Hollingsworth JA, Werner JH. 3-Dimensional Tracking of Non-blinking 'Giant' Quantum Dots in Live Cells. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2014; 24:4796-4803. [PMID: 25798080 PMCID: PMC4366348 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201400349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
While semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have been used successfully in numerous single particle tracking (SPT) studies due to their high photoluminescence efficiency, photostability, and broad palette of emission colors, conventional QDs exhibit fluorescence intermittency or 'blinking,' which causes ambiguity in particle trajectory analysis and limits tracking duration. Here, non-blinking 'giant' quantum dots (gQDs) are exploited to study IgE-FcεRI receptor dynamics in live cells using a confocal-based 3D SPT microscope. There is a 7-fold increase in the probability of observing IgE-FcεRI for longer than 1 min using the gQDs compared to commercially available QDs. A time-gated photon-pair correlation analysis is implemented to verify that selected SPT trajectories are definitively from individual gQDs and not aggregates. The increase in tracking duration for the gQDs allows the observation of multiple changes in diffusion rates of individual IgE-FcεRI receptors occurring on long (>1 min) time scales, which are quantified using a time-dependent diffusion coefficient and hidden Markov modeling. Non-blinking gQDs should become an important tool in future live cell 2D and 3D SPT studies, especially in cases where changes in cellular dynamics are occurring on the time scale of several minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M. Keller
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Yagnaseni Ghosh
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Matthew S. DeVore
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Mary E. Phipps
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Michael H. Stewart
- Optical Sciences Division, Code 5600, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, USA
| | - Bridget S. Wilson
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research and Treatment Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 97131, USA
| | - Diane S. Lidke
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research and Treatment Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 97131, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Hollingsworth
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - James H. Werner
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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49
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Clausen MP, Arnspang EC, Ballou B, Bear JE, Lagerholm BC. Simultaneous multi-species tracking in live cells with quantum dot conjugates. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97671. [PMID: 24892555 PMCID: PMC4043679 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum dots are available in a range of spectrally separated emission colors and with a range of water-stabilizing surface coatings that offers great flexibility for enabling bio-specificity. In this study, we have taken advantage of this flexibility to demonstrate that it is possible to perform a simultaneous investigation of the lateral dynamics in the plasma membrane of i) the transmembrane epidermal growth factor receptor, ii) the glucosylphospatidylinositol-anchored protein CD59, and iii) ganglioside GM1-cholera toxin subunit B clusters in a single cell. We show that a large number of the trajectories are longer than 50 steps, which we by simulations show to be sufficient for robust single trajectory analysis. This analysis shows that the populations of the diffusion coefficients are heterogeneously distributed for all three species, but differ between the different species. We further show that the heterogeneity is decreased upon treating the cells with methyl-β-cyclodextrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias P. Clausen
- MEMPHYS – Center for Biomembrane Physics and Danish Molecular Biomedical Imaging Center (DaMBIC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Eva C. Arnspang
- MEMPHYS – Center for Biomembrane Physics and Danish Molecular Biomedical Imaging Center (DaMBIC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Byron Ballou
- Molecular Biosensor and Imaging Center (MBIC), Mellon Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - James E. Bear
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - B. Christoffer Lagerholm
- MEMPHYS – Center for Biomembrane Physics and Danish Molecular Biomedical Imaging Center (DaMBIC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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50
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Arnspang EC, Koffman JS, Marlar S, Wiseman PW, Nejsum LN. Easy measurement of diffusion coefficients of EGFP-tagged plasma membrane proteins using k-Space Image Correlation Spectroscopy. J Vis Exp 2014. [PMID: 24893770 DOI: 10.3791/51074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lateral diffusion and compartmentalization of plasma membrane proteins are tightly regulated in cells and thus, studying these processes will reveal new insights to plasma membrane protein function and regulation. Recently, k-Space Image Correlation Spectroscopy (kICS)(1) was developed to enable routine measurements of diffusion coefficients directly from images of fluorescently tagged plasma membrane proteins, that avoided systematic biases introduced by probe photophysics. Although the theoretical basis for the analysis is complex, the method can be implemented by nonexperts using a freely available code to measure diffusion coefficients of proteins. kICS calculates a time correlation function from a fluorescence microscopy image stack after Fourier transformation of each image to reciprocal (k-) space. Subsequently, circular averaging, natural logarithm transform and linear fits to the correlation function yields the diffusion coefficient. This paper provides a step-by-step guide to the image analysis and measurement of diffusion coefficients via kICS. First, a high frame rate image sequence of a fluorescently labeled plasma membrane protein is acquired using a fluorescence microscope. Then, a region of interest (ROI) avoiding intracellular organelles, moving vesicles or protruding membrane regions is selected. The ROI stack is imported into a freely available code and several defined parameters (see Method section) are set for kICS analysis. The program then generates a "slope of slopes" plot from the k-space time correlation functions, and the diffusion coefficient is calculated from the slope of the plot. Below is a step-by-step kICS procedure to measure the diffusion coefficient of a membrane protein using the renal water channel aquaporin-3 tagged with EGFP as a canonical example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva C Arnspang
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University;
| | - Jennifer S Koffman
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University
| | - Saw Marlar
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University
| | | | - Lene N Nejsum
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University;
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