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Antwi FD, Awad T, Larin M, Heesom K, Lewis P, Reddell P, Poghosyan Z, Dewitt S, Moseley R, Knäuper V. Tigilanol Tiglate-Induced Changes in Secretome Profiles Alter C-Met Phosphorylation and Cell Surface Protein Expression in H357 Head and Neck Cancer Cells. Cells 2024; 13:982. [PMID: 38891113 PMCID: PMC11171882 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Tigilanol tiglate (TT, also known as EBC-46) is a novel, plant-derived diterpene ester possessing anticancer and wound-healing properties. Here, we show that TT-evoked PKC-dependent S985 phosphorylation of the tyrosine kinase MET leads to subsequent degradation of tyrosine phosphorylated p-Y1003 and p-Y1234/5 MET species. PKC inhibition with BIM-1 blocked S985 phosphorylation of MET and led to MET cell surface accumulation. Treatment with metalloproteinase inhibitors prevented MET-ECD release into cell culture media, which was also blocked by PKC inhibitors. Furthermore, unbiased secretome analysis, performed using TMT-technology, identified additional targets of TT-dependent release of cell surface proteins from H357 head and neck cancer cells. We confirm that the MET co-signalling receptor syndecan-1 was cleaved from the cell surface in response to TT treatment. This was accompanied by rapid cleavage of the cellular junction adhesion protein Nectin-1 and the nerve growth factor receptor NGFRp75/TNFR16. These findings, that TT is a novel negative regulator of protumorigenic c-MET and NGFRp75/TNFR16 signalling, as well as regulating Nectin-1-mediated cell adhesion, further contribute to our understanding of the mode of action and efficacy of TT in the treatment of solid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Dickson Antwi
- School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK (S.D.); (R.M.)
| | - Tufaha Awad
- School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK (S.D.); (R.M.)
| | - Meghan Larin
- School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK (S.D.); (R.M.)
| | - Kate Heesom
- Bristol Proteomics Facility, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Phil Lewis
- Bristol Proteomics Facility, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | | | - Zaruhi Poghosyan
- School of Medicine, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Sharon Dewitt
- School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK (S.D.); (R.M.)
| | - Ryan Moseley
- School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK (S.D.); (R.M.)
| | - Vera Knäuper
- School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK (S.D.); (R.M.)
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Jabbarzadeh Kaboli P, Chen HF, Babaeizad A, Roustai Geraylow K, Yamaguchi H, Hung MC. Unlocking c-MET: A comprehensive journey into targeted therapies for breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2024; 588:216780. [PMID: 38462033 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women, posing a formidable health challenge worldwide. In this complex landscape, the c-MET (cellular-mesenchymal epithelial transition factor) receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), also recognized as the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor (HGFR), emerges as a prominent protagonist, displaying overexpression in nearly 50% of breast cancer cases. Activation of c-MET by its ligand, HGF, secreted by neighboring mesenchymal cells, contributes to a cascade of tumorigenic processes, including cell proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression. While c-MET inhibitors such as crizotinib, capmatinib, tepotinib and cabozantinib have garnered FDA approval for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), their potential within breast cancer therapy is still undetermined. This comprehensive review embarks on a journey through structural biology, multifaceted functions, and intricate signaling pathways orchestrated by c-MET across cancer types. Furthermore, we highlight the pivotal role of c-MET-targeted therapies in breast cancer, offering a clinical perspective on this promising avenue of intervention. In this pursuit, we strive to unravel the potential of c-MET as a beacon of hope in the fight against breast cancer, unveiling new horizons for therapeutic innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parham Jabbarzadeh Kaboli
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Cancer Biology, Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 406, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Fan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Cancer Biology, Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 406, Taiwan
| | - Ali Babaeizad
- Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | | | - Hirohito Yamaguchi
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Cancer Biology, Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 406, Taiwan
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Cancer Biology, Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 406, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan.
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Qian Z, Song D, Ipsaro JJ, Bautista C, Joshua-Tor L, Yeh JTH, Tonks NK. Manipulating PTPRD function with ectodomain antibodies. Genes Dev 2023; 37:743-759. [PMID: 37669874 PMCID: PMC10546974 DOI: 10.1101/gad.350713.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are critical regulators of signal transduction but have yet to be exploited fully for drug development. Receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase δ (RPTPδ/PTPRD) has been shown to elicit tumor-promoting functions, including elevating SRC activity and promoting metastasis in certain cell contexts. Dimerization has been implicated in the inhibition of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs). We have generated antibodies targeting PTPRD ectodomains with the goal of manipulating their dimerization status ectopically, thereby regulating intracellular signaling. We have validated antibody binding to endogenous PTPRD in a metastatic breast cancer cell line, CAL51, and demonstrated that a monoclonal antibody, RD-43, inhibited phosphatase activity and induced the degradation of PTPRD. Similar effects were observed following chemically induced dimerization of its phosphatase domain. Mechanistically, RD-43 triggered the formation of PTPRD dimers in which the phosphatase activity was impaired. Subsequently, the mAb-PTPRD dimer complex was degraded through lysosomal and proteasomal pathways, independently of secretase cleavage. Consequently, treatment with RD-43 inhibited SRC signaling and suppressed PTPRD-dependent cell invasion. Together, these findings demonstrate that manipulating RPTP function via antibodies to the extracellular segments has therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Qian
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
- Graduate Program of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11760, USA
| | - Dongyan Song
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
| | - Jonathan J Ipsaro
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, W.M. Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
| | | | - Leemor Joshua-Tor
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, W.M. Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
| | - Johannes T-H Yeh
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
| | - Nicholas K Tonks
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA;
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Martinelli I, Modica C, Chiriaco C, Basilico C, Hughes JM, Corso S, Giordano S, Comoglio PM, Vigna E. hOA-DN30: a highly effective humanized single-arm MET antibody inducing remission of ‘MET-addicted’ cancers. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:112. [PMID: 35351166 PMCID: PMC8962049 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02320-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The tyrosine kinase receptor encoded by the MET oncogene is a major player in cancer. When MET is responsible for the onset and progression of the transformed phenotype (MET-addicted cancers), an efficient block of its oncogenic activation results in potent tumor growth inhibition. Methods Here we describe a molecular engineered MET antibody (hOA-DN30) and validate its pharmacological activity in MET-addicted cancer models in vitro and in vivo. Pharmacokinetics and safety profile in non-human primates have also been assessed. Results hOA-DN30 efficiently impaired MET activation and the intracellular signalling cascade by dose and time dependent removal of the receptor from the cell surface (shedding). In vitro, the antibody suppressed cell growth by blocking cell proliferation and by concomitantly inducing cell death in multiple MET-addicted human tumor cell lines. In mice xenografts, hOA-DN30 induced an impressive reduction of tumor masses, with a wide therapeutic window. Moreover, the antibody showed high therapeutic efficacy against patient-derived xenografts generated from MET-addicted gastric tumors, leading to complete tumor regression and long-lasting effects after treatment discontinuation. Finally, hOA-DN30 showed a highly favorable pharmacokinetic profile and substantial tolerability in Cynomolgus monkeys. Conclusions hOA-DN30 unique ability to simultaneously erase cell surface MET and release the ‘decoy’ receptor extracellular region results in a paramount MET blocking action. Its remarkable efficacy in a large number of pre-clinical models, as well as its pharmacological features and safety profile in non-human primates, strongly envisage a successful clinical application of this novel single-arm MET therapeutic antibody for the therapy of MET-addicted cancers. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-022-02320-6.
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De Herdt MJ, van der Steen B, Baatenburg de Jong RJ, Looijenga LHJ, Koljenović S, Hardillo JA. The Occurrence of MET Ectodomain Shedding in Oral Cancer and Its Potential Impact on the Use of Targeted Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061491. [PMID: 35326642 PMCID: PMC8946088 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Head and neck cancer is the sixth most common cancer type worldwide, comprising tumors of the upper aero/digestive tract. Approximately 50% of these cancers originate in the oral cavity. Depending on disease stage, oral cancer patients are treated with single-modality surgery, or in combination with radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy. Despite advances in these modalities, the 5-year survival rate is merely 50%. Therefore, implementation of targeted therapies, directed against signaling molecules, has gained attention. One potential target is the MET protein, which can be present on the surface of cancer cells, orchestrating aggressive behavior. As cancer cells can shed the extracellular part of MET from their surface, it is important to identify for MET positive patients whether they possess the entire and/or only the intracellular part of the receptor to assess whether targeted therapies directed against the extracellular, intracellular, or both parts of MET need to be implemented. Abstract The receptor tyrosine kinase MET has gained attention as a therapeutic target. Although MET immunoreactivity is associated with progressive disease, use of targeted therapies has not yet led to major survival benefits. A possible explanation is the lack of companion diagnostics (CDx) that account for proteolytic processing. During presenilin-regulated intramembrane proteolysis, MET’s ectodomain is shed into the extracellular space, which is followed by γ-secretase-mediated cleavage of the residual membranous C-terminal fragment. The resulting intracellular fragment is degraded by the proteasome, leading to downregulation of MET signaling. Conversely, a membrane-bound MET fragment lacking the ectodomain (MET-EC-) can confer malignant potential. Use of C- and N-terminal MET monoclonal antibodies (moAbs) has illustrated that MET-EC- occurs in transmembranous C-terminal MET-positive oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Here, we propose that ectodomain shedding, resulting from G-protein-coupled receptor transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling, and/or overexpression of ADAM10/17 and/or MET, stabilizes and possibly activates MET-EC- in OSCC. As MET-EC- is associated with poor prognosis in OSCC, it potentially has impact on the use of targeted therapies. Therefore, MET-EC- should be incorporated in the design of CDx to improve patient stratification and ultimately prolong survival. Hence, MET-EC- requires further investigation seen its oncogenic and predictive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. De Herdt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC, Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (B.v.d.S.); (R.J.B.d.J.); (J.A.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-10-7044490
| | - Berdine van der Steen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC, Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (B.v.d.S.); (R.J.B.d.J.); (J.A.H.)
| | - Robert J. Baatenburg de Jong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC, Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (B.v.d.S.); (R.J.B.d.J.); (J.A.H.)
| | - Leendert H. J. Looijenga
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands;
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Senada Koljenović
- Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium;
| | - Jose A. Hardillo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC, Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (B.v.d.S.); (R.J.B.d.J.); (J.A.H.)
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Kim HD, Park EJ, Choi EK, Song SY, Hoe KL, Kim DU. G-749 Promotes Receptor Tyrosine Kinase TYRO3 Degradation and Induces Apoptosis in Both Colon Cancer Cell Lines and Xenograft Mouse Models. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:730241. [PMID: 34721022 PMCID: PMC8551583 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.730241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
G-749 is an FLT3 kinase inhibitor that was originally developed as a treatment for acute myeloid leukemia. Some FLT3 kinase inhibitors are dual kinase inhibitors that inhibit the TAM (Tyro3, Axl, Mer) receptor tyrosine kinase family and are used to treat solid cancers such as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). AXL promotes metastasis, suppression of immune response, and drug resistance in NSCLC and TNBC. G-749, a potential TAM receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and its derivative SKI-G-801, effectively inhibits the phosphorylation of AXL at nanomolar concentration (IC50 = 20 nM). This study aimed to investigate the anticancer effects of G-749 targeting the TAM receptor tyrosine kinase in colon cancer. Here, we demonstrate the potential of G-749 to effectively inhibit tumorigenesis by degrading TYRO3 via regulated intramembrane proteolysis both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we demonstrated that G-749 inhibits the signaling pathway associated with cell proliferation in colon cancer cell lines HCT15 and SW620, as well as tumor xenograft mouse models. We propose G-749 as a new therapeutic agent for the treatment of colon cancer caused by abnormal TYRO3 expression or activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Dong Kim
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of New Drug Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eun Jung Park
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
- Application Strategy and Development Division, GeneChem Inc., Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eun Kyoung Choi
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seuk Young Song
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Lae Hoe
- Department of New Drug Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Dong-Uk Kim
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
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Li Y, Dong S, Tamaskar A, Wang H, Zhao J, Ma H, Zhao Y. Proteasome Inhibitors Diminish c-Met Expression and Induce Cell Death in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Oncol Res 2020; 28:497-507. [PMID: 32580819 PMCID: PMC7751221 DOI: 10.3727/096504020x15929939001042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer and accounts for 85% of all lung carcinomas. The hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-Met) has been considered as a potential therapeutic target for NSCLC. Proteasome inhibition induces cell apoptosis and has been used as a novel therapeutic approach for treating diseases including NSCLC; however, the effects of different proteasome inhibitors on NSCLC have not been fully investigated. The aim of this study is to determine a precise strategy for treating NSCLC by targeting c-Met using different proteasome inhibitors. Three proteasome inhibitors, bortezomib, MG132, and ONX 0914, were used in this study. Bortezomib (50 nM) significantly reduced c-Met levels and cell viability in H1299 and H441 cells, while similar effects were observed in H460 and A549 cells when a higher concentration (∼100 nM) was used. Bortezomib decreased c-Met gene expression in H1299 and H441 cells, but it had no effect in A549 and H460 cells. MG-132 at a low concentration (0.5 μM) diminished c-Met levels in H441 cells, while neither a low nor a high concentration (∼20 μM) altered c-Met levels in A549 and H460 cells. A higher concentration of MG-132 (5 μM) was required for decreasing c-Met levels in H1299 cells. Furthermore, MG-132 induced cell death in all four cell types. Among all the four cell lines, H441 cells expressed higher levels of c-Met and appeared to be the most susceptible to MG-132. MG-132 decreased c-Met mRNA levels in both H1299 and H441 cells. ONX 0914 reduced c-Met levels in H460, H1299, and H441 cells but not in A549 cells. c-Met levels were decreased the most in H441 cells treated with ONX 0914. ONX 0914 did not alter cell viability in H441; however, it did induce cell death among H460, A549, and H1299 cells. This study reveals that different proteasome inhibitors produce varied inhibitory effects in NSCLS cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Li
- Department of Anesthesia, the First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, JilinP.R. China
| | - Su Dong
- Department of Anesthesia, the First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, JilinP.R. China
| | - Arya Tamaskar
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OHUSA
| | - Heather Wang
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OHUSA
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OHUSA
| | - Haichun Ma
- Department of Anesthesia, the First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, JilinP.R. China
| | - Yutong Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OHUSA
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The c-MET oncoprotein: Function, mechanisms of degradation and its targeting by novel anti-cancer agents. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129650. [PMID: 32522525 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The c-MET oncoprotein drives cancer progression in a variety of tumors through its signaling transduction pathways. This oncoprotein is also degraded by multiple mechanisms involving the lysosome, proteasome and cleavage by proteases. Targeting c-MET degradation pathways may result in effective therapeutic strategies. SCOPE OF REVIEW Since the discovery of oncogenic functions of c-MET, there has been a great deal of effort to develop anti-cancer drugs targeting this oncoprotein. Unexpectedly, novel di-2-pyridylketone thiosemicarbazones that demonstrate marked anti-tumor activity, down-regulate c-MET through their ability to bind intracellular iron and via mechanisms including, down-regulation of MET mRNA, enhanced lysosomal processing and increased metalloprotease-mediated cleavage. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The c-MET oncoprotein regulation and degradation pathways are complex. However, with increasing understanding of its degradation mechanisms, there is also greater opportunities to therapeutically target these pathways. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Understanding the mechanisms of degradation of c-MET protein and its regulation could lead to novel therapeutics.
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MET ectodomain shedding is associated with poor disease-free survival of patients diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Mod Pathol 2020; 33:1015-1032. [PMID: 31857683 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-019-0426-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Ectodomain shedding unleashes the aggressive nature of the MET oncogene product. Using specific C- and N-terminal MET antibodies (D1C2 and A2H2-3), MET protein status (i.e., no MET, decoy MET, transmembranous C-terminal MET with or without the ectodomain) was investigated in oral squamous cell carcinoma. For the cancers showing transmembranous C-terminal MET, the impact of ectodomain shedding on prognosis was investigated. To examine ectodomain shedding, reduced lysates of oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines were immunoblotted using D1C2 and an ELISA was performed on culture media using A2H2-3. In addition, reduced lysates of fresh frozen tissues of 30 oral squamous cell carcinoma were immunoblotted using D1C2 and immunohistochemistry was performed on corresponding formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues using both antibodies on parallel sections. To examine MET protein status, differences between membranous D1C2 and A2H2-3 immunoreactivities were scored using parallel tissue microarray sections representing 156 oral squamous cell carcinoma. The prognostic value of ectodomain shedding was examined using Cox regression analysis for disease-free survival and overall survival. Ectodomain shedding was observed in all cell lines, 43% (n = 13) of fresh frozen and 50% (n = 15) of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded cancers (27% overlap, n = 8). The tissue microarray showed no MET in 23% (n = 36), decoy MET in 9% (n = 14), and transmembranous C-terminal MET in 68% (n = 106) of examined cancers. Within the latter group, ectodomain shedding occurs in 36% (n = 38) of the cases and is independently associated with poor disease-free survival (HR = 2.41; 95% CI, 1.35-4.30 and P = 0.003)-though not overall survival (HR = 1.64; 95% CI, 0.92-2.94 and P = 0.095)-after correcting for factors known to influence survival. In conclusion, MET ectodomain shedding occurs in transmembranous C-terminal MET positive oral squamous cell carcinoma and is independently associated with disease-free survival. These findings might aid in designing companion diagnostics for targeted therapies directed against MET.
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Escorcia FE, Houghton JL, Abdel-Atti D, Pereira PR, Cho A, Gutsche NT, Baidoo KE, Lewis JS. ImmunoPET Predicts Response to Met-targeted Radioligand Therapy in Models of Pancreatic Cancer Resistant to Met Kinase Inhibitors. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:151-165. [PMID: 31903112 PMCID: PMC6929627 DOI: 10.7150/thno.37098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has limited standard of care therapeutic options. While initially received with enthusiasm, results from targeted therapy with small molecule tyrosine kinases inhibitors (TKIs) have been mixed, in part due to poor patient selection and compensatory changes in signaling networks upon blockade of one or more kinase of tumors. Here, we demonstrate that in PDACs otherwise resistant to rational kinase inhibition, Met-directed immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) can identify targets for cell-signaling independent targeted radioligand therapy (RLT). In this study, we use Met-directed immunoPET and RLT in models of human pancreatic cancer that are resistant to Met- and MEK-selective TKIs, despite over-expression of Met and KRAS-pathway activation. Methods: We assessed cell membrane Met levels in human patient samples and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell lines (BxPC3, Capan2, Suit2, and MIA PaCa-2) using immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and cell-surface biotinylation assays. To determine whether Met expression levels correlate with sensitivity to Met inhibition by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), we performed cell viability studies. A Met-directed imaging agent was engineered by labeling Met-specific onartuzumab with zirconium-89 (Zr-89) and its in vivo performance was evaluated in subcutaneous and orthotopic PDAC xenograft models. To assess whether the immunoPET agent would predict for targeted RLT response, onartuzumab was then labeled with lutetium (Lu-177) as the therapeutic radionuclide to generate our [177Lu]Lu-DTPA-onartuzumab RLT agent. [177Lu]Lu-DTPA-onartuzumab was administered at 9.25MBq (250μCi)/20μg in three fractions separated by three days in mice subcutaneously engrafted with BxPC3 (high cell-membrane Met) or MIA PaCa-2 (low cell-membrane Met). Primary endpoints were tumor response and overall survival. Results: Flow cytometry and cell-surface biotinylation studies showed that cell-membrane Met was significantly more abundant in BxPC3, Capan2, and Suit2 when compared with MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic tumor cells. Crizotinib and cabozantinib, TKIs with known activity against Met and other kinases, decreased PDAC cell line viability in vitro. The TKI with the lowest IC50 for Met, capmatinib, had no activity in PDAC lines. No additive effect was detected on cell viability when Met-inhibition was combined with MEK1/2 inhibition. We observed selective tumor uptake of [89Zr]Zr-DFO-onartuzumab in mice subcutaneously and orthotopically engrafted with PDAC lines containing high cell-surface levels of Met (BxPC3, Capan2, Suit2), but not in mice engrafted with low cell-surface levels of Met (MIA PaCa-2). Significant tumor growth delay and overall survival benefit were observed in both BxPC3 and MIA PaCa-2 engrafted animals treated with RLT when compared to controls, however, the benefit was more pronounced and more durable in the BxPC3 engrafted animals treated with [177Lu]Lu-DTPA-onartuzumab RLT. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that while over-expression of Met is not predictive of Met-directed TKI response, immunoPET can detect Met over-expression in vivo and predicts for therapeutic response to Met-selective RLT. This phenomenon can be exploited for other Met-overexpressing tumor types specifically, and to any differentially overexpressed surface molecule more broadly.
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Park KC, Geleta B, Leck LYW, Paluncic J, Chiang S, Jansson PJ, Kovacevic Z, Richardson DR. Thiosemicarbazones suppress expression of the c-Met oncogene by mechanisms involving lysosomal degradation and intracellular shedding. J Biol Chem 2019; 295:481-503. [PMID: 31744884 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the role of proto-oncogene c-Met (c-Met) in oncogenesis, we examined the effects of the metastasis suppressor, N-myc downstream-regulated gene-1 (NDRG1), and two NDRG1-inducing thiosemicarbazone-based agents, Dp44mT and DpC, on c-Met expression in DU145 and Huh7 cells. NDRG1 silencing without Dp44mT and DpC up-regulated c-Met expression, demonstrating that NDRG1 modulates c-Met levels. Dp44mT and DpC up-regulated NDRG1 by an iron-dependent mechanism and decreased c-Met levels, c-Met phosphorylation, and phosphorylation of its downstream effector, GRB2-associated binding protein 1 (GAB1). However, incubation with Dp44mT and DpC after NDRG1 silencing or silencing of the receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, mitogen-inducible gene 6 (MIG6), decreased c-Met and its phosphorylation, suggesting NDRG1- and MIG6-independent mechanism(s). Lysosomal inhibitors rescued the Dp44mT- and DpC-mediated c-Met down-regulation in DU145 cells. Confocal microscopy revealed that lysosomotropic agents and the thiosemicarbazones significantly increased co-localization between c-Met and lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2). Moreover, generation of c-Met C-terminal fragment (CTF) and its intracellular domain (ICD) suggested metalloprotease-mediated cleavage. In fact, Dp44mT increased c-Met CTF while decreasing the ICD. Dp44mT and a γ-secretase inhibitor increased cellular c-Met CTF levels, suggesting that Dp44mT induces c-Met CTF levels by increasing metalloprotease activity. The broad metalloprotease inhibitors, EDTA and batimastat, partially prevented Dp44mT-mediated down-regulation of c-Met. In contrast, the ADAM inhibitor, TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 3 (TIMP-3), had no such effect, suggesting c-Met cleavage by another metalloprotease. Notably, Dp44mT did not induce extracellular c-Met shedding that could decrease c-Met levels. In summary, the thiosemicarbazones Dp44mT and DpC effectively inhibit oncogenic c-Met through lysosomal degradation and metalloprotease-mediated cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Chan Park
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Bekesho Geleta
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Lionel Yi Wen Leck
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Jasmina Paluncic
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Shannon Chiang
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Patric J Jansson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Zaklina Kovacevic
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
| | - Des R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
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12
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Fernandes M, Duplaquet L, Tulasne D. Proteolytic cleavages of MET: the divide-and-conquer strategy of a receptor tyrosine kinase. BMB Rep 2019. [PMID: 30670153 PMCID: PMC6507848 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2019.52.4.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane-anchored full-length MET stimulated by its ligand HGF/SF induces various biological responses, including survival, growth, and invasion. This panel of responses, referred to invasive growth, is required for embryogenesis and tissue regeneration in adults. On the contrary, MET deregulation is associated with tumorigenesis in many kinds of cancer. In addition to its well-documented ligand-stimulated downstream signaling, the receptor can be cleaved by proteases such as secretases, caspases, and calpains. These cleavages are involved either in MET receptor inactivation or, more interestingly, in generating active fragments that can modify cell fate. For instance, MET fragments can promote cell death or invasion. Given a large number of proteases capable of cleaving MET, this receptor appears as a prototype of proteolytic-cleavage-regulated receptor tyrosine kinase. In this review, we describe and discuss the mechanisms and consequences, both physiological and pathological, of MET proteolytic cleavages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Fernandes
- University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161 - M3T - Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Target Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Leslie Duplaquet
- University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161 - M3T - Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Target Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - David Tulasne
- University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161 - M3T - Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Target Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
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13
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Hypoxia leads to decreased autophosphorylation of the MET receptor but promotes its resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Oncotarget 2018; 9:27039-27058. [PMID: 29930749 PMCID: PMC6007473 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase MET and its ligand, the Hepatocyte Growth Factor/Scattor Factor (HGF/SF), are essential to the migration, morphogenesis, and survival of epithelial cells. In addition, dysregulation of MET signaling has been shown to promote tumor progression and invasion in many cancers. Therefore, HGF/SF and MET are major targets for chemotherapies. Improvement of targeted therapies requires a perfect understanding of tumor microenvironment that strongly modifies half-life, bio-accessibility and thus, efficacy of treatments. In particular, hypoxia is a crucial microenvironmental phenomenon promoting invasion and resistance to treatments. Under hypoxia, MET auto-phosphorylation resulting from ligand stimulation or from receptor overexpression is drastically decreased within minutes of oxygen deprivation but is quickly reversible upon return to normoxia. Besides a decreased phosphorylation of its proximal adaptor GAB1 under hypoxia, activation of the downstream kinases Erk and Akt is maintained, while still being dependent on MET receptor. Consistently, several cellular responses induced by HGF/SF, including motility, morphogenesis, and survival are effectively induced under hypoxia. Interestingly, using a semi-synthetic ligand, we show that HGF/SF binding to MET is strongly impaired during hypoxia but can be quickly restored upon reoxygenation. Finally, we show that two MET-targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are less efficient on MET signalling under hypoxia. Like MET loss of phosphorylation, this hypoxia-induced resistance to TKIs is reversible under normoxia. Thus, although hypoxia does not affect downstream signaling or cellular responses induced by MET, it causes immediate resistance to TKIs. These results may prove useful when designing and evaluation of MET-targeted therapies against cancer.
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Coleman DT, Gray AL, Kridel SJ, Cardelli JA. Palmitoylation regulates the intracellular trafficking and stability of c-Met. Oncotarget 2018; 7:32664-77. [PMID: 27081699 PMCID: PMC5078042 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
c-Met is a receptor tyrosine kinase whose activity can promote both mitogenic and motogenic phenotypes involved in tissue development and cancer progression. Herein, we report the first evidence that c-Met is palmitoylated and that palmitoylation facilitates its trafficking and stability. Inhibition of palmitoylation reduced the expression of c-Met in multiple cancer cell lines post-transcriptionally. Using surface biotinylation, confocal microscopy, and metabolic labeling we determined that inhibition of palmitoylation reduces the stability of newly synthesized c-Met and causes accumulation at the Golgi. Acyl-biotin exchange and click chemistry-based palmitate labeling indicated the c-Met β-chain is palmitoylated, and site-directed mutagenesis revealed two likely cysteine palmitoylation sites. Moreover, by monitoring palmitoylation kinetics during the biosynthesis and trafficking of c-Met, we revealed that stable palmitoylation occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum prior to cleavage of the 170 kDa c-Met precursor to the mature 140 kDa form. Our data suggest palmitoylation is required for egress from the Golgi for transport to the plasma membrane. These findings introduce palmitoylation as a critical modification of c-Met, providing a novel therapeutic target for c-Met-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Coleman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - Alana L Gray
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - Steven J Kridel
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 25157, USA
| | - James A Cardelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
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15
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Absent and abundant MET immunoreactivity is associated with poor prognosis of patients with oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 7:13167-81. [PMID: 26909606 PMCID: PMC4914349 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) MET is widely expressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), its prognostic value remains unclear. This might be due to the use of a variety of antibodies and scoring systems. Here, the reliability of five commercial C-terminal MET antibodies (D1C2, CVD13, SP44, C-12 and C-28) was evaluated before examining the prognostic value of MET immunoreactivity in HNSCC. Using cancer cell lines, it was shown that D1C2 and CVD13 specifically detect MET under reducing, native and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) conditions. Immunohistochemical staining of routinely FFPE oral SCC with D1C2 and CVD13 demonstrated that D1C2 is most sensitive in the detection of membranous MET. Examination of membranous D1C2 immunoreactivity with 179 FFPE oral and oropharyngeal SCC – represented in a tissue microarray – illustrated that staining is either uniform (negative or positive) across tumors or differs between a tumor's center and periphery. Ultimately, statistical analysis revealed that D1C2 uniform staining is significantly associated with poor 5-year overall and disease free survival of patients lacking vasoinvasive growth (HR = 3.019, p < 0.001; HR = 2.559, p < 0.001). These findings might contribute to reliable stratification of patients eligible for treatment with biologicals directed against MET.
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16
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MET receptor variant R970C favors calpain-dependent generation of a fragment promoting epithelial cell scattering. Oncotarget 2017; 8:11268-11283. [PMID: 28061464 PMCID: PMC5355264 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase MET and its ligand, the hepatocyte growth factor, are essential to embryonic development, whereas deregulation of MET signaling is associated with tumorigenesis leading to various cancers, including lung carcinoma. Mutations in the MET kinase domain lead to constitutive kinase activity and are associated with tumorigenesis. In lung cancer, however, some mutations are found in the juxtamembrane domain, and their functional consequences are unknown. Because the juxtamembrane domain of MET is targeted by several proteolytic cleavages, involved in its degradation during cell death or under steady-state conditions, we evaluated the influence of these mutations on the MET proteolytic cleavages. In stably transfected epithelial cells expressing MET, the juxtamembrane mutations R970C, P991S, and T992I were found not to modify the known caspase or presenilin-dependent regulated intramembrane proteolysis. Yet when overexpressed, the R970C variant caused generation of an as yet undescribed 45-kDa fragment (p45 MET). This fragment was found in the confluent lung cancer cell line NCI-H1437 carrying the R970C mutation and at a lesser extent in cell lines expressing WT MET, suggesting that R970C mutation favors this cleavage. Generation of p45 MET required the activity of the calpain proteases, confirming the involvement of proteolysis. Ectopic expression of reconstituted p45 MET in epithelial cell lines favored cell scattering and invasion indicating active role of this fragment in HGF/SF induced responses. Hence, although the juxtamembrane mutations of MET do not affect its known proteolytic cleavages, the R970C MET variant favors calpain dependent proteolytic cleavage in lung cancer cells.
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17
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Merilahti JAM, Ojala VK, Knittle AM, Pulliainen AT, Elenius K. Genome-wide screen of gamma-secretase-mediated intramembrane cleavage of receptor tyrosine kinases. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:3123-3131. [PMID: 28904208 PMCID: PMC5662267 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-04-0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) have been demonstrated to signal via regulated intramembrane proteolysis, in which ectodomain shedding and subsequent intramembrane cleavage by gamma-secretase leads to release of a soluble intracellular receptor fragment with functional activity. For most RTKs, however, it is unknown whether they can exploit this new signaling mechanism. Here we used a system-wide screen to address the frequency of susceptibility to gamma-secretase cleavage among human RTKs. The screen covering 45 of the 55 human RTKs identified 12 new as well as all nine previously published gamma-secretase substrates. We biochemically validated the screen by demonstrating that the release of a soluble intracellular fragment from endogenous AXL was dependent on the sheddase disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10) and the gamma-secretase component presenilin-1. Functional analysis of the cleavable RTKs indicated that proliferation promoted by overexpression of the TAM family members AXL or TYRO3 depends on gamma-secretase cleavage. Taken together, these data indicate that gamma-secretase-mediated cleavage provides an additional signaling mechanism for numerous human RTKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes A M Merilahti
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland.,Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland.,Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Veera K Ojala
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Anna M Knittle
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Arto T Pulliainen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Klaus Elenius
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland .,Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland.,Department of Oncology, Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
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18
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Hass R, Jennek S, Yang Y, Friedrich K. c-Met expression and activity in urogenital cancers - novel aspects of signal transduction and medical implications. Cell Commun Signal 2017; 15:10. [PMID: 28212658 PMCID: PMC5316205 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-017-0165-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
C-Met is a receptor tyrosine kinase with multiple functions throughout embryonic development, organogenesis and wound healing and is expressed in various epithelia. The ligand of c-Met is Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) which is secreted among others by mesenchymal stroma/stem (MSC) cells. Physiological c-Met functions are centred around processes that underly cellular motility and invasive growth. Aberrant c-Met expression and activity is observed in numerous cancers and makes major contributions to cell malignancy. Importantly, HGF/c-Met signaling is crucial in the context of communication between cancer cells and the the tumor stroma. Here, we review recent findings on roles of dysregulated c-Met in urogenital tumors such as cancers of the urinary bladder, prostate, and ovary. We put emphasis on novel aspects of cancer-associated c-Met expression regulation on both, HGF-dependent and HGF-independent non-canonical mechanisms. Moreover, this review focusses on c-Met-triggered signalling with potential relevance for urogenital oncogenesis, and on strategies to specifically inhibit c-Met activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Hass
- Biochemistry and Tumor Biology Lab, Department of Gynecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Susanne Jennek
- Institute of Biochemistry II, University Hospital Jena, Nonnenplan 2-4, D-07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- Biochemistry and Tumor Biology Lab, Department of Gynecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Karlheinz Friedrich
- Institute of Biochemistry II, University Hospital Jena, Nonnenplan 2-4, D-07743, Jena, Germany.
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19
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Copin MC, Lesaffre M, Berbon M, Doublet L, Leroy C, Tresch E, Porte H, Vicogne J, B Cortot A, Dansin E, Tulasne D. High-MET status in non-small cell lung tumors correlates with receptor phosphorylation but not with the serum level of soluble form. Lung Cancer 2016; 101:59-67. [PMID: 27794409 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The receptor tyrosine kinase MET is essential to embryonic development and organ regeneration. Its deregulation is associated with tumorigenesis. While MET gene amplification and mutations leading to MET self-activation concern only a few patients, a high MET level has been found in about half of the non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) tested. How this affects MET activation in tumors is unclear. Also uncertain is the prognostic value, in cancer, of a phenomenon well described in cell models: MET shedding, i.e. its cleavage by membrane proteases leading to release of a soluble fragment into the medium. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective cohort of 39 NSCLC patients was constituted at diagnosis or soon after. Normal tissues, tumor tissues, and blood samples were obtained. This allowed, for the same patient, synchronous determination of (i) the MET level in the tumor, (ii) receptor phosphorylation, and (iii) the concentration of soluble MET fragment (sMET) in the serum. RESULTS After confirming the adequacy of an ELISA for measuring the serum level of sMET, we found no correlation between this level and the concentration of MET in tumors, as evaluated by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Nevertheless, all but one tumor displaying a high MET level also displayed receptor phosphorylation, restricted to a small number of tumor cells. CONCLUSION Our results thus demonstrate that the serum level of sMET is not indicative of the amount of MET present in the tumor cells and cannot be used as a biomarker for therapeutic purposes. However, MET scoring of tumor biopsies could be a first step prior to determination of MET receptor activation in high-MET tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Christine Copin
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161 - M3T - Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, Institut de Pathologie, CHU Lille, Avenue Oscar Lambret, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Marie Lesaffre
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161 - M3T - Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Mélanie Berbon
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161 - M3T - Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Louis Doublet
- Département de Cancérologie Générale, CLCC Oscar Lambret, 3 rue Fréderic Combemale, Lille 59020, France
| | - Catherine Leroy
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161 - M3T - Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Tresch
- Département de Cancérologie Générale, CLCC Oscar Lambret, 3 rue Fréderic Combemale, Lille 59020, France
| | - Henri Porte
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jérôme Vicogne
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161 - M3T - Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Alexis B Cortot
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161 - M3T - Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Thoracic Oncology Department, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Eric Dansin
- Département de Cancérologie Générale, CLCC Oscar Lambret, 3 rue Fréderic Combemale, Lille 59020, France
| | - David Tulasne
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161 - M3T - Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France.
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Náger M, Santacana M, Bhardwaj D, Valls J, Ferrer I, Nogués P, Cantí C, Herreros J. Nuclear phosphorylated Y142 β-catenin accumulates in astrocytomas and glioblastomas and regulates cell invasion. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:3644-55. [PMID: 26654598 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1104443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a fast growing brain tumor characterized by extensive infiltration into the surrounding tissue and one of the most aggressive cancers. GBM is the most common glioma (originating from glial-derived cells) that either evolves from a low grade astrocytoma or appears de novo. Wnt/β-catenin and Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF)/c-Met signaling are hyperactive in human gliomas, where they regulate cell proliferation, migration and stem cell behavior. We previously demonstrated that β-catenin is phosphorylated at Y142 by recombinant c-Met kinase and downstream of HGF signaling in neurons. Here we studied phosphoY142 (PY142) β-catenin and dephospho S/T β-catenin (a classical Wnt transducer) in glioma biopsies, GBM cell lines and biopsy-derived glioma cell cultures. We found that PY142 β-catenin mainly localizes in the nucleus and signals through transcriptional activation in GBM cells. Tissue microarray analysis confirmed strong nuclear PY142 β-catenin immunostaining in astrocytoma and GBM biopsies. By contrast, active β-catenin showed nuclear localization only in GBM samples. Western blot analysis of tumor biopsies further indicated that PY142 and active β-catenin accumulate independently, correlating with the expression of Snail/Slug (an epithelial-mesenchymal transition marker) and Cyclin-D1 (a regulator of cell cycle progression), respectively, in high grade astrocytomas and GBMs. Moreover, GBM cells stimulated with HGF showed increasing levels of PY142 β-catenin and Snail/Slug. Importantly, the expression of mutant Y142F β-catenin decreased cell detachment and invasion induced by HGF in GBM cell lines and biopsy-derived cell cultures. Our results identify PY142 β-catenin as a nuclear β-catenin signaling form that downregulates adhesion and promotes GBM cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Náger
- a Departments of Basic Medical Sciences & Experimental Medicine ; University of Lleida & IRBLleida ; Lleida , Spain
| | - Maria Santacana
- b Immunohistochemical and Biostatistics and Epidemiology Units; IRBLleida ; Lleida , Spain
| | - Deepshikha Bhardwaj
- a Departments of Basic Medical Sciences & Experimental Medicine ; University of Lleida & IRBLleida ; Lleida , Spain
| | - Joan Valls
- b Immunohistochemical and Biostatistics and Epidemiology Units; IRBLleida ; Lleida , Spain
| | - Isidre Ferrer
- c Institute of Neuropathology; Hospital de Bellvitge-IDIBELL ; Barcelona , Spain
| | - Pere Nogués
- d Neurosurgery Unit; Hospital Arnau de Vilanova ; Lleida , Spain
| | - Carles Cantí
- a Departments of Basic Medical Sciences & Experimental Medicine ; University of Lleida & IRBLleida ; Lleida , Spain
| | - Judit Herreros
- a Departments of Basic Medical Sciences & Experimental Medicine ; University of Lleida & IRBLleida ; Lleida , Spain
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Raibaut L, Cargoët M, Ollivier N, Chang YM, Drobecq H, Boll E, Desmet R, Monbaliu JCM, Melnyk O. Accelerating chemoselective peptide bond formation using bis(2-selenylethyl)amido peptide selenoester surrogates. Chem Sci 2016; 7:2657-2665. [PMID: 28660038 PMCID: PMC5477010 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc03459k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the potential of peptide selenoesters for protein total synthesis and the paucity of methods for the synthesis of these sensitive peptide derivatives, we sought to explore the usefulness of the bis(2-selenylethyl)amido (SeEA) group, i.e. the selenium analog of the bis(2-sulfanylethyl)amido (SEA) group, for accelerating peptide bond formation. A chemoselective exchange process operating in water was devised for converting SEA peptides into the SeEA ones. Kinetic studies show that SeEA ligation, which relies on an initial N,Se-acyl shift process, proceeds significantly faster than SEA ligation. This property enabled the design of a kinetically controlled three peptide segment assembly process based on the sequential use of SeEA and SEA ligation reactions. The method was validated by the total synthesis of hepatocyte growth factor K1 (85 AA) and biotinylated NK1 (180 AA) domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Raibaut
- UMR CNRS 8161 CNRS , Université de Lille , Institut Pasteur de Lille , 1 rue du Pr Calmette , 59021 Lille Cedex , France .
| | - Marine Cargoët
- UMR CNRS 8161 CNRS , Université de Lille , Institut Pasteur de Lille , 1 rue du Pr Calmette , 59021 Lille Cedex , France .
| | - Nathalie Ollivier
- UMR CNRS 8161 CNRS , Université de Lille , Institut Pasteur de Lille , 1 rue du Pr Calmette , 59021 Lille Cedex , France .
| | - Yun Min Chang
- UMR CNRS 8161 CNRS , Université de Lille , Institut Pasteur de Lille , 1 rue du Pr Calmette , 59021 Lille Cedex , France .
| | - Hervé Drobecq
- UMR CNRS 8161 CNRS , Université de Lille , Institut Pasteur de Lille , 1 rue du Pr Calmette , 59021 Lille Cedex , France .
| | - Emmanuelle Boll
- UMR CNRS 8161 CNRS , Université de Lille , Institut Pasteur de Lille , 1 rue du Pr Calmette , 59021 Lille Cedex , France .
| | - Rémi Desmet
- UMR CNRS 8161 CNRS , Université de Lille , Institut Pasteur de Lille , 1 rue du Pr Calmette , 59021 Lille Cedex , France .
| | - Jean-Christophe M Monbaliu
- Center for Integrated Technology and Organic Synthesis , Department of Chemistry , University of Liège , Building B6a, Room 3/16a, Sart-Tilman , B-4000 Liège , Belgium
| | - Oleg Melnyk
- UMR CNRS 8161 CNRS , Université de Lille , Institut Pasteur de Lille , 1 rue du Pr Calmette , 59021 Lille Cedex , France .
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Berruti G, Paiardi C. USP8/UBPy-regulated sorting and the development of sperm acrosome: the recruitment of MET. Reproduction 2015; 149:633-44. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-14-0671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The acrosome is a peculiar vacuole that at fertilization undergoes the acrosome reaction (AR), an event unique in the sperm life. Contents released promote sperm penetration through oocyte's investments; membranous components are involved in sperm–egg interaction/fusion. Therefore, both constituents play a role in fertilization. The biogenesis of this vacuole, however, has not been clarified yet; recently, it has been proposed as a novel lysosome-related organelle (LRO). Our research focuses on the involvement of the endosomal pathway in acrosomogenesis starting from the early phases. The trafficking sorted by USP8/UBPy, an endosomal regulator recently described as a compelling candidate for male fertility gene, was investigated in comparison to that of SP56, a marker of the biosynthetic pathway. Mouse spermatids were double/triple immunolabeled and examined by confocal microscopy. The contribution of the vesicular traffic assisted by the cortical microtubule array was also evaluated in nocodazole-treated spermatids. USP8/UBPy-sorted cargo contributes early to acrosomogenesis and its trafficking is microtubule mediated. It was identified, through co-immunoprecipitation/co-immunolocalization assays, that the membrane receptor MET, described herein for the first time in spermatids, as an USP8/UBPy-target substrate is delivered to the acrosome. MET and USP8/UBPy still colocalize in epididymal spermatozoa. Following the AR, MET and USP8/UBPy show a distinct fate. MET, in particular, translocates at the PAS, the post acrosomal segment known to harbor sperm-borne factors involved in oocyte activation. Overall, our results support the concept of the acrosome as a LRO and provide evidence for the identification of MET as a tyrosine kinase receptor that may play a role in fertilization.
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Necrosis- and apoptosis-related Met cleavages have divergent functional consequences. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1769. [PMID: 25996296 PMCID: PMC4669710 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Upon activation by its ligand hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor, the receptor tyrosine kinase Met promotes survival, proliferation, and migration of epithelial cells during embryogenesis. Deregulated Met signaling can also promote cancer progression and metastasis. Met belongs to the functional family of dependence receptors whose activity switches from pro-survival to pro-apoptotic during apoptosis upon caspase cleavage. Although apoptosis resistance is a hallmark of cancer cells, some remain sensitive to other cell death processes, including necrosis induced by calcium stress. The role and fate of Met during necrotic cell death are unknown. Following treatment with calcium ionophores, cell lines and primary cells undergo necrosis, and the full-length Met receptor is efficiently degraded. This degradation is achieved by double cleavage of Met in its extracellular domain by a metalloprotease of the A disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) family and in its intracellular domain by calpains (calcium-dependent proteases). These cleavages separate the Met extracellular region from its kinase domain, thus preventing Met activity and its potential pro-survival activity. Although the intracellular fragment is very similar to the fragment generated by caspases, it displays no pro-apoptotic property, likely because of the presence of the last few amino acids of Met, known to inhibit this pro-apoptotic function. The fragments identified here are observed in lung tumors overexpressing the Met receptor, along with fragments previously identified, suggesting that proteolytic cleavages of Met are involved in its degradation in tumor tissues. Thus, Met is a modulator of necrosis, able to protect cells when activated by its ligand but efficiently degraded by proteolysis when this process is engaged.
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Boll E, Drobecq H, Ollivier N, Blanpain A, Raibaut L, Desmet R, Vicogne J, Melnyk O. One-pot chemical synthesis of small ubiquitin-like modifier protein-peptide conjugates using bis(2-sulfanylethyl)amido peptide latent thioester surrogates. Nat Protoc 2015; 10:269-92. [PMID: 25591010 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2015.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins has a crucial role in the regulation of important cellular processes. This protocol describes the chemical synthesis of functional SUMO-peptide conjugates. The two crucial stages of this protocol are the solid-phase synthesis of peptide segments derivatized by thioester or bis(2-sulfanylethyl)amido (SEA) latent thioester functionalities and the one-pot assembly of the SUMO-peptide conjugate by a sequential native chemical ligation (NCL)/SEA native peptide ligation reaction sequence. This protocol also enables the isolation of a SUMO SEA latent thioester, which can be attached to a target peptide or protein in a subsequent step. It is compatible with 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) chemistry, and it gives access to homogeneous, reversible and functional SUMO conjugates that are not easily produced using living systems. The synthesis of SUMO-peptide conjugates on a milligram scale takes 20 working days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Boll
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Lille Institute of Biology, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Hervé Drobecq
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Lille Institute of Biology, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Ollivier
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Lille Institute of Biology, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Annick Blanpain
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Lille Institute of Biology, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Laurent Raibaut
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Lille Institute of Biology, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Rémi Desmet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Lille Institute of Biology, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jérôme Vicogne
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Lille Institute of Biology, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Oleg Melnyk
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Lille Institute of Biology, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
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Furlan A, Kherrouche Z, Montagne R, Copin MC, Tulasne D. Thirty Years of Research on Met Receptor to Move a Biomarker from Bench to Bedside. Cancer Res 2014; 74:6737-44. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-1932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Montagne R, Furlan A, Kherrouche Z, Tulasne D. [Thirty years of Met receptor research: from the discovery of an oncogene to the development of targeted therapies]. Med Sci (Paris) 2014; 30:864-73. [PMID: 25311021 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20143010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In 1984, the Met receptor and its ligand, the HGF/SF, were discovered thanks to their ability to induce cell transformation and proliferation. Thirty years of research highlighted their crucial role in the development and homeostasis of various structures, including many epithelial organs. This period also allowed unraveling the structural basis of their interaction and their complex signaling network. In parallel, Met was shown to be deregulated and associated with a poor prognosis in many cancers. Met involvement in resistance to current therapies is also being deciphered. Based on these data, pharmaceutical companies developed a variety of Met inhibitors, some of which are evaluated in phase III clinical trials. In this review, we trace the exemplary track record of research on Met receptor, which allowed moving from bench to bedside through the development of therapies targeting its activity. Many questions still remain unanswered such as the involvement of Met in several processes of development, the mechanisms involving Met in resistance to current therapies or the likely emergence of resistances to Met-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Montagne
- CNRS UMR 8161, Institut de biologie de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, université de Lille 1 et 2, SIRIC ONCOLille, IFR142, 1, rue du Professeur Calmette, 59021 Lille, France
| | - Alessandro Furlan
- CNRS UMR 8161, Institut de biologie de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, université de Lille 1 et 2, SIRIC ONCOLille, IFR142, 1, rue du Professeur Calmette, 59021 Lille, France
| | - Zoulika Kherrouche
- CNRS UMR 8161, Institut de biologie de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, université de Lille 1 et 2, SIRIC ONCOLille, IFR142, 1, rue du Professeur Calmette, 59021 Lille, France
| | - David Tulasne
- CNRS UMR 8161, Institut de biologie de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, université de Lille 1 et 2, SIRIC ONCOLille, IFR142, 1, rue du Professeur Calmette, 59021 Lille, France
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27
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Vigna E, Comoglio PM. Targeting the oncogenic Met receptor by antibodies and gene therapy. Oncogene 2014; 34:1883-9. [PMID: 24882574 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), a tyrosine kinase encoded by the Met oncogene, has a crucial role in cancer growth, invasion and metastasis. It is a validated therapeutic target for 'personalized' treatment of a number of malignancies. Therapeutic tools prompting selective, robust and highly effective Met inhibition potentially represent a major step in the battle against cancer. Antibodies targeting either Met or its ligand HGF, although challenging, demonstrate to be endowed with promising features. Here we briefly review and discuss the state of the art in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vigna
- University of Torino, Department of Oncology, and Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - P M Comoglio
- University of Torino, Department of Oncology, and Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo (TO), Italy
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Su H, Chen M, Sands JM, Chen G. Activation of the cAMP/PKA pathway induces UT-A1 urea transporter monoubiquitination and targets it for lysosomal degradation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 305:F1775-82. [PMID: 24133116 PMCID: PMC3882448 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00393.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of urea transporter UT-A1 in the kidney is important for the urinary concentrating mechanism. We previously reported that activation of the cAMP/PKA pathway by forskolin (FSK) leads to UT-A1 ubiquitination, endocytosis, and degradation. In this study, we discovered that FSK-induced UT-A1 ubiquitination is monoubiquitination as judged by immunoblotting with specific ubiquitin antibodies to the different linkages of the ubiquitin chain. UT-A1 monoubiquitination induced by FSK was processed mainly on the cell plasma membrane. Monoubiquitination facilitates UT-A1 endocytosis, and internalized UT-A1 is accumulated in the early endosome. Inhibition of ubiquitination by E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme inhibitor PYR-41 significantly reduced FSK-induced UT-A1 endocytosis and degradation. Interestingly, FSK-stimulated UT-A1 degradation occurs through a lysosomal protein degradation system. We further found that the PKA phosphorylation sites of UT-A1 at Ser486 and Ser499 are required for FSK-induced UT-A1 monoubiquitination. The physiological significance was confirmed using rat kidney inner medullary collecting duct suspensions, which showed that vasopressin treatment promotes UT-A1 ubiquitination. We conclude that unlike under basal conditions in which UT-A1 is subject to polyubiquitination and proteasome-mediated protein degradation, activation of UT-A1 by FSK induces UT-A1 monoubiquitination and protein lysosomal degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Su
- Dept. of Physiology, Emory Univ. School of Medicine, Whitehead Research Bldg. Rm. 615, 615 Michael St., Atlanta, GA 30322.
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Something old, something new and something borrowed: emerging paradigm of insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling regulation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 71:2403-27. [PMID: 24276851 PMCID: PMC4055838 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1514-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF-1R) plays a key role in the development and progression of cancer; however, therapeutics targeting it have had disappointing results in the clinic. As a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), IGF-1R is traditionally described as an ON/OFF system, with ligand stabilizing the ON state and exclusive kinase-dependent signaling activation. Newly added to the traditional model, ubiquitin-mediated receptor downregulation and degradation was originally described as a response to ligand/receptor interaction and thus inseparable from kinase signaling activation. Yet, the classical model has proven over-simplified and insufficient to explain experimental evidence accumulated over the last decade, including kinase-independent signaling, unbalanced signaling, or dissociation between signaling and receptor downregulation. Based on the recent findings that IGF-1R “borrows” components of G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling, including β-arrestins and G-protein-related kinases, we discuss the emerging paradigm for the IGF-1R as a functional RTK/GPCR hybrid, which integrates the kinase signaling with the IGF-1R canonical GPCR characteristics. The contradictions to the classical IGF-1R signaling concept as well as the design of anti-IGF-1R therapeutics treatment are considered in the light of this paradigm shift and we advocate recognition of IGF-1R as a valid target for cancer treatment.
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Mai E, Zheng Z, Chen Y, Peng J, Severin C, Filvaroff E, Romero M, Mallet W, Kaur S, Gelzleichter T, Nijem I, Merchant M, Young JC. Nonclinical evaluation of the serum pharmacodynamic biomarkers HGF and shed MET following dosing with the anti-MET monovalent monoclonal antibody onartuzumab. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 13:540-52. [PMID: 24258345 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Onartuzumab, a humanized, monovalent monoclonal anti-MET antibody, antagonizes MET signaling by inhibiting binding of its ligand, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). We investigated the effects of onartuzumab on cell-associated and circulating (shed) MET (sMET) and circulating HGF in vitro and nonclinically to determine their utility as pharmacodynamic biomarkers for onartuzumab. Effects of onartuzumab on cell-associated MET were assessed by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. sMET and HGF were measured in cell supernatants and in serum or plasma from multiple species (mouse, cynomolgus monkey, and human) using plate-based immunoassays. Unlike bivalent anti-MET antibodies, onartuzumab stably associates with MET on the surface of cells without inducing MET internalization or shedding. Onartuzumab delayed the clearance of human xenograft tumor-produced sMET from the circulation of mice, and endogenous sMET in cynomolgus monkeys. In mice harboring MET-expressing xenograft tumors, in the absence of onartuzumab, levels of human sMET correlated with tumor size, and may be predictive of MET-expressing tumor burden. Because binding of sMET to onartuzumab in circulation resulted in increasing sMET serum concentrations due to reduced clearance, this likely renders sMET unsuitable as a pharmacodynamic biomarker for onartuzumab. There was no observed effect of onartuzumab on circulating HGF levels in xenograft tumor-bearing mice or endogenous HGF in cynomolgus monkeys. Although sMET and HGF may serve as predictive biomarkers for MET therapeutics, these data do not support their use as pharmacodynamic biomarkers for onartuzumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Mai
- Corresponding Author: Judy C. Young, Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, MS98, South San Francisco, CA 94080.
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31
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Ollivier N, Raibaut L, Blanpain A, Desmet R, Dheur J, Mhidia R, Boll E, Drobecq H, Pira SL, Melnyk O. Tidbits for the synthesis ofbis(2-sulfanylethyl)amido (SEA) polystyrene resin, SEA peptides and peptide thioesters. J Pept Sci 2013; 20:92-7. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Ollivier
- UMR CNRS 8161; Pasteur Institute of Lille, Univ. Lille Nord de France; 1 rue du Pr Calmette 59021 Lille France
| | - Laurent Raibaut
- UMR CNRS 8161; Pasteur Institute of Lille, Univ. Lille Nord de France; 1 rue du Pr Calmette 59021 Lille France
| | - Annick Blanpain
- UMR CNRS 8161; Pasteur Institute of Lille, Univ. Lille Nord de France; 1 rue du Pr Calmette 59021 Lille France
| | - Rémi Desmet
- UMR CNRS 8161; Pasteur Institute of Lille, Univ. Lille Nord de France; 1 rue du Pr Calmette 59021 Lille France
| | - Julien Dheur
- UMR CNRS 8161; Pasteur Institute of Lille, Univ. Lille Nord de France; 1 rue du Pr Calmette 59021 Lille France
| | - Reda Mhidia
- UMR CNRS 8161; Pasteur Institute of Lille, Univ. Lille Nord de France; 1 rue du Pr Calmette 59021 Lille France
| | - Emmanuelle Boll
- UMR CNRS 8161; Pasteur Institute of Lille, Univ. Lille Nord de France; 1 rue du Pr Calmette 59021 Lille France
| | - Hervé Drobecq
- UMR CNRS 8161; Pasteur Institute of Lille, Univ. Lille Nord de France; 1 rue du Pr Calmette 59021 Lille France
| | - Silvain L. Pira
- UMR CNRS 8161; Pasteur Institute of Lille, Univ. Lille Nord de France; 1 rue du Pr Calmette 59021 Lille France
| | - Oleg Melnyk
- UMR CNRS 8161; Pasteur Institute of Lille, Univ. Lille Nord de France; 1 rue du Pr Calmette 59021 Lille France
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Raibaut L, Vicogne J, Leclercq B, Drobecq H, Desmet R, Melnyk O. Total synthesis of biotinylated N domain of human hepatocyte growth factor. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:3486-94. [PMID: 23523386 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) is the high affinity ligand of MET tyrosine kinase receptor. We report here the total synthesis of a biotinylated analogue of human HGF/SF N domain. Functionally, N domain is part of the HGF/SF high affinity binding site for MET and also the main HGF/SF binding site for heparin. The 97 Aa linear chain featuring a C-terminal biotin group was assembled in high yield using an N-to-C one-pot three segments assembly strategy relying on a sequential Native Chemical Ligation (NCL)/bis(2-sulfanylethyl)amido (SEA) native peptide ligation process. The folded protein displayed the native disulfide bond pattern and showed the ability to bind heparin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Raibaut
- UMR CNRS 8161 Univ Lille Nord de France, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 rue du Pr Calmette, Lille 59021, France
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Lee JM, Kim B, Lee SB, Jeong Y, Oh YM, Song YJ, Jung S, Choi J, Lee S, Cheong KH, Kim DU, Park HW, Han YK, Kim GW, Choi H, Song PH, Kim KA. Cbl-independent degradation of Met: ways to avoid agonism of bivalent Met-targeting antibody. Oncogene 2012. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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