1
|
Park JY, Lee TS, Noh EJ, Jang AR, Ahn JH, Kim DY, Jung DH, Song EJ, Lee YJ, Lee YJ, Lee SK, Park JH. Receptor-interacting protein kinase 2 contributes to host innate immune responses against Fusobacterium nucleatum in macrophages and decidual stromal cells. Am J Reprod Immunol 2021; 86:e13403. [PMID: 33580557 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Chorioamnionitis is caused by a bacterial infection that ascends from the vagina and can cause adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs). Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) is a periodontal pathogen associated with the occurrence of APOs. In this study, we evaluated whether receptor-interacting protein kinase 2 (Ripk2), an adaptor protein of the cytosolic receptors nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)1 and NOD2, in macrophages and human decidual stromal cells (hDSCs) contributes to immune responses against F. nucleatum. METHOD OF STUDY Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) isolated from wild-type (WT) and Ripk2-deficient mice and hDSCs were cultured with F. nucleatum (MOI 1, 10, 100). BMDMs and hDSCs were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot analysis, real-time PCR, and nitrite assay. RESULTS Fusobacterium nucleatum-induced production of IL-6, but not of TNF-α and IL-10, was lower in Ripk2-deficient BMDMs than in WT cells. Western blotting revealed a decrease in F. nucleatum-induced p65 phosphorylation in Ripk2-deficient macrophages, whereas mitogen-activated protein kinases activation was comparable between WT and Ripk2-deficient cells. The production of nitric oxide (NO) in response to F. nucleatum and the gene and protein expression of inducible NO synthase was impaired in Ripk2-deficient BMDMs. In hDSCs, F. nucleatum upregulated the gene and protein expression of NOD1, NOD2, and Ripk2 in a time-dependent manner. F. nucleatum also increased the production of IL-6, CXCL8, and CCL2, whereas this production was decreased by the Ripk2 inhibitors SB203580 and PP2. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, Ripk2 signaling appears to contribute to the F. nucleatum-induced immune response and can be a preventive and therapeutic target against APOs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yeon Park
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Sung Lee
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Jeong Noh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Ra Jang
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hun Ahn
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Yeon Kim
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hyeon Jung
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Song
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Ji Lee
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Ji Lee
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ki Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Park
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
The effects of CLP-induced sepsis on proliferation and apoptosis of granulosa and theca cells in rat ovary: A histochemical and ultrastructural study. Reprod Biol 2020; 20:408-416. [PMID: 32444274 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as a systemic inflammatory response to infection. This study is aimed to evaluate the effects of experimental sepsis on the proliferation and apoptosis of granulosa and theca cells in the rat ovary. 28-day-old immature Wistar-Albino female rats were treated with pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin to develop the first generation of preovulatory follicles. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Following in vivo 5-Bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling, animals were sacrificed and ovaries were embedded in paraffin and Epon. Besides electron microscopic evaluation, BrdU, cleaved caspase-3, p27 immunostaining, and TUNEL labeling were performed. In CLP-operated animals, cleaved caspase-3 immunoreactivity was significantly increased in Graafian follicles. TUNEL and BrdU labeling in the ovarian follicles were not statistically different between CLP and sham-operated rats. In septic animals, p27 immunoreactivity was increased significantly in the nuclei of oocytes and decreased in the cytoplasm of granulosa and theca cells in multilaminar primary follicles compared to the sham group. In ultrastructural evaluation, increased apoptosis was observed in theca interna and granulosa cells in both the early and late stages of follicles in the CLP group. In conclusion, experimentally-induced sepsis leads to apoptosis in ovarian follicles at advanced stages of development. Our data suggest that although sepsis may not cause a potential threat to developing follicles at least in the short term, more severe damage may occur during advanced stages of follicle development.
Collapse
|
3
|
Che XH, Chen YC, Chen CL, Ye XL, Zhu H. Non-hormonal targets underlying endometriosis: A focus on molecular mechanisms. Mol Reprod Dev 2015; 82:410-31. [PMID: 25982890 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-hang Che
- Division of Drugs and Pharmacology; Ningbo Institute of Medical Sciences; Ningbo China
- College of Chemistry and Bio-engineering; Yichun University; Yichun China
- Cancer Institute; Yinzhou People's Hospital; Ningbo China
| | - Yi-chen Chen
- Division of Drugs and Pharmacology; Ningbo Institute of Medical Sciences; Ningbo China
| | - Chun-lin Chen
- College of Chemistry and Bio-engineering; Yichun University; Yichun China
| | - Xiao-lei Ye
- Division of Drugs and Pharmacology; Ningbo Institute of Medical Sciences; Ningbo China
- Cancer Institute; Yinzhou People's Hospital; Ningbo China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University School of Medicine; Ningbo China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Piltonen TT, Chen J, Erikson DW, Spitzer TLB, Barragan F, Rabban JT, Huddleston H, Irwin JC, Giudice LC. Mesenchymal stem/progenitors and other endometrial cell types from women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) display inflammatory and oncogenic potential. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:3765-75. [PMID: 23824412 PMCID: PMC3763978 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-1923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Endometrium in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) presents altered gene expression indicating progesterone resistance and predisposing to reduced endometrial receptivity and endometrial cancer. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that an altered endocrine/metabolic environment in PCOS may result in an endometrial "disease phenotype" affecting the gene expression of different endometrial cell populations, including stem cells and their differentiated progeny. DESIGN AND SETTING This was a prospective study conducted at an academic medical center. PATIENTS AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Proliferative-phase endometrium was obtained from 6 overweight/obese PCOS (National Institutes of Health criteria) and 6 overweight/obese controls. Microarray analysis was performed on fluorescence-activated cell sorting-isolated endometrial epithelial cells (eEPs), endothelial cells, stromal fibroblasts (eSFs), and mesenchymal stem cells (eMSCs). Gene expression data were validated using microfluidic quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The comparison between eEP(PCOS) and eEP(Ctrl) showed dysregulation of inflammatory genes and genes with oncogenic potential (CCL2, IL-6, ORM1, TNAIFP6, SFRP4, SPARC). eSF(PCOS) and eSF(Ctrl) showed up-regulation of inflammatory genes (C4A/B, CCL2, ICAM1, TNFAIP3). Similarly, in eMSC(PCOS) vs eMSC(Ctrl), the most up-regulated genes were related to inflammation and cancer (IL-8, ICAM1, SPRR3, LCN2). Immunohistochemistry scoring showed increased expression of CCL2 in eEP(PCOS) and eSF(PCOS) compared with eEP(Ctrl) and eSF(Ctrl) and IL-6 in eEP(PCOS) compared with eEP(Ctrl). CONCLUSIONS Isolated endometrial cell populations in women with PCOS showed altered gene expression revealing inflammation and prooncogenic changes, independent of body mass index, especially in eEP(PCOS) and eMSC(PCOS), compared with controls. The study reveals an endometrial disease phenotype in women with PCOS with potential negative effects on endometrial function and long-term health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T T Piltonen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, California 94143-0132, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Borrelli GM, Carvalho KI, Kallas EG, Mechsner S, Baracat EC, Abrão MS. Chemokines in the pathogenesis of endometriosis and infertility. J Reprod Immunol 2013; 98:1-9. [PMID: 23622730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a chronic benign disease that affects women of reproductive age causing abdominal pain and infertility. Its pathogenesis remains obscure despite all the research conducted over the past 100 years. However, there is a consensus among the specialists that the basis of its pathophysiology would be multifactorial. Many publications have demonstrated that chemokines are somehow associated with the development of endometriosis and infertility. In this study, we reviewed all PubMed literature using MeSH terms "chemokines" and "endometriosis" as well as "chemokines" and "female infertility" to establish what we know and what we do not yet know about this relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G M Borrelli
- Sao Paulo University, School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
The low expression of leukemia inhibitory factor in endometrium: possible relevant to unexplained infertility with multiple implantation failures. Cytokine 2013; 62:334-9. [PMID: 23541977 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Unexplained infertility affects 25% of infertile couples. Cytokines and growth factors have been suggested to play an important role in the initial process of successful implantation in humans and failures in their production may be a cause of unexplained infertility. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) have demonstrated their importance in implantation in both animal and human studies. Lower expression of LIF is found in proliferative phase and maximal expression is found in secretory phase of the menstrual cycle. Lower expression of LIF is also found in secretory phase endometrium in patients with infertility. However, studies investigating whether the levels of LIF in proliferative phase are associated with multiple implantation failures (MIFs) are limited. 30 Endometrial biopsies in proliferative phase from unexplained infertile women with MIF with normal hormone levels were collected. The expression of LIF, IL-6 and its receptor gp130 were measured by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Moderate expression of LIF in the proliferative phase and high expression of LIF in the secretory phase were found in fertile women. However, lower expression of LIF was found in unexplained infertile women with MIF compared to fertile women. There was no difference in endometrial IL-6 and gp130 expression between unexplained infertile women with MIF and fertile women. LIF expression is independent of the process of embryo and dependent partially on the maternal sex hormone levels. Our data suggest that the initial lower expression of LIF in proliferative phase may be one of the causes for multiple failure of implantation.
Collapse
|
7
|
Van Sinderen M, Menkhorst E, Winship A, Cuman C, Dimitriadis E. Preimplantation human blastocyst-endometrial interactions: the role of inflammatory mediators. Am J Reprod Immunol 2012; 69:427-40. [PMID: 23176081 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune factors such as cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors are known to play important roles in the preimplantation interactions and communication between the blastocyst and receptive endometrium. This crucial dialog occurs during the stages when the blastocyst is in the uterine cavity immediately preceding implantation and the establishment of pregnancy. Human preimplantation processes are difficult to study due to restrictions on tissue availability. This review focuses on the expression and role of immune factors in human blastocyst-endometrial dialog during the very early stages of implantation. It highlights the importance of immune regulators and the need to develop new models to study human implantation.
Collapse
|
8
|
Prins JR, Gomez-Lopez N, Robertson SA. Interleukin-6 in pregnancy and gestational disorders. J Reprod Immunol 2012; 95:1-14. [PMID: 22819759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2011] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
IL6 is a multifunctional cytokine with pivotal roles in the inflammatory response and in directing T cell differentiation in adaptive immunity. IL6 is widely expressed in the female reproductive tract and gestational tissues, and exerts regulatory functions in embryo implantation and placental development, as well as the immune adaptations required to tolerate pregnancy. Here, we summarise the current understanding of how membrane-bound and soluble receptors mediate IL6 signalling to regulate leukocytes and non-haemopoietic cells. We review the published literature regarding the expression and actions of IL6 in the uterus, decidua and placenta, and studies implicating this cytokine in pregnancy disorders. Elevated IL6 is frequently evident in the altered cytokine profiles characteristic of unexplained infertility, recurrent miscarriage, preeclampsia and preterm delivery. Notably, there is compelling evidence indicating altered systemic IL6 trans-signalling in women prone to recurrent miscarriage, with excessive IL6 bioavailability potentially inhibiting generation of CD4+ T regulatory cells required for pregnancy tolerance. Insufficient local IL6 may also contribute to fetal loss, since IL6 expression is reduced in the endometrium of women with recurrent miscarriage, and in the fetal-placental tissue of CBA×DBA/2 mice. Consistent with the role of IL6 in key reproductive events, Il6 null mutant mice exhibit elevated fetal resorption and delayed parturition. Investigation of the association between IL6 signalling components and T cell responses in pregnant women, as well as detailed analysis of the maternal immune response in IL6-deficient mice, is now required to define the mechanisms by which this cytokine exerts influence on reproductive success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jelmer R Prins
- Research Centre for Reproductive Health, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sasaki S, Tamaki Y, Nagata K, Kobayashi Y. Regulation of the Estrous Cycle by Neutrophils via Opioid Peptides. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:774-80. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1002489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
10
|
Qiao J, Feng HL. Extra- and intra-ovarian factors in polycystic ovary syndrome: impact on oocyte maturation and embryo developmental competence. Hum Reprod Update 2011; 17:17-33. [PMID: 20639519 PMCID: PMC3001338 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmq032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Revised: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common metabolic dysfunction and heterogeneous endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. Although patients with PCOS are typically characterized by increased numbers of oocytes retrieved during IVF, they are often of poor quality, leading to lower fertilization, cleavage and implantation rates, and a higher miscarriage rate. METHODS For this review, we searched the database MEDLINE (1950 to January 2010) and Google for all full texts and/or abstract articles published in English with content related to oocyte maturation and embryo developmental competence. RESULTS The search showed that alteration of many factors may directly or indirectly impair the competence of maturating oocytes through endocrine and local paracrine/autocrine actions, resulting in a lower pregnancy rate in patients with PCOS. The extra-ovarian factors identified included gonadotrophins, hyperandrogenemia and hyperinsulinemia, although intra-ovarian factors included members of the epidermal, fibroblast, insulin-like and neurotrophin families of growth factors, as well as the cytokines. CONCLUSIONS Any abnormality in the extra- and/or intra-ovarian factors may negatively affect the granulosa cell-oocyte interaction, oocyte maturation and potential embryonic developmental competence, contributing to unsuccessful outcomes for patients with PCOS who are undergoing assisted reproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Huai L. Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, North Shore University Hospital, NYU School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ulcova-Gallova Z. Immunological and physicochemical properties of cervical ovulatory mucus. J Reprod Immunol 2010; 86:115-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2010.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2010] [Revised: 07/10/2010] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
12
|
Murphy AJ, Guyre PM, Wira CR, Pioli PA. Estradiol regulates expression of estrogen receptor ERalpha46 in human macrophages. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5539. [PMID: 19440537 PMCID: PMC2678254 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2009] [Accepted: 04/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Monocytes and macrophages are key innate immune effector cells that produce cytokines and chemokines upon activation. We and others have shown that 17β-estradiol (E2) has a direct role in the modulation of monocyte and macrophage immune function. However, relatively little is known about the ability of E2 to regulate isoform expression of estrogen receptors (ERs) in these cells. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, we quantify expression of ERα and ERβ in human monocytes and macrophages. We also show for the first time that the N-terminal truncated ERα variant, ERα46, is expressed in both cell types. Promoter utilization studies reveal that transcription of ERα in both cell types occurs from upstream promoters E and F. Treatment with E2 induces ERα expression in macrophages but has no effect on ERβ levels in either cell type. During monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation, ERα is upregulated in a time-dependent manner. Previous studies by our group demonstrated that E2 treatment attenuates production of the chemokine CXCL8 in an ER-dependent manner. We now show that ERα expression levels parallel the ability of E2 to suppress CXCL8 production. Conclusions/Significance This work demonstrates for the first time that human macrophages predominantly express the truncated ER variant ERαp46, which is estradiol-inducible. This is mediated through usage of the ERα F promoter. Alternative promoter usage may account for tissue and cell type-specific differences in estradiol-induced effects on gene expression. These studies signify the importance of ERα expression and regulation in the ability of E2 to modulate innate immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy J. Murphy
- Department of Physiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Paul M. Guyre
- Department of Physiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Charles R. Wira
- Department of Physiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Patricia A. Pioli
- Department of Physiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hattori Y, Nakanishi T, Ozaki Y, Nozawa K, Sato T, Sugiura-Ogasawara M. Uterine Cervical Inflammatory Cytokines, Interleukin-6 and -8, as Predictors of Miscarriage in Recurrent Cases. Am J Reprod Immunol 2007; 58:350-7. [PMID: 17845205 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2007.00516.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Inflammatory changes frequently occur in cases of second trimester miscarriage or pre-term delivery, but little attention has been paid to this association with recurrent miscarriage. As interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 are inflammatory cytokines reported to be associated with bacterial vaginosis, intrauterine infections, and pre-term delivery, we here investigated whether they might have predictive value for spontaneous abortion in recurrent cases. METHOD OF STUDY Cervical mucus and sera were collected at 4-5 weeks' gestation from a total of 59 patients with a history of two or more unexplained consecutive first trimester miscarriages, and examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Patients then were followed up without medication and their pregnancy outcomes were compared with the test results. RESULTS Of a total of 59 patients, 13 (22%) miscarried subsequently. Both IL-6 and IL-8 in cervical mucus were significantly higher in patients who miscarried subsequently than in those who had a live birth. In addition, there was no correlation between cervical mucus and serum concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 take at the same time, and there was no relation with serum IL-6 and IL-8 levels between the two groups. CONCLUSION Cervical IL-6 and IL-8 might have predictive value for cases of recurrent miscarriage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Hattori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya City University Medical School, Nagoya, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kunimi K, Maegawa M, Kamada M, Yamamoto S, Yasui T, Matsuzaki T, Kuwahara A, Furumoto H, Ohmoto Y, Kido H, Irahara M. Myeloid-related protein-8/14 is associated with proinflammatory cytokines in cervical mucus. J Reprod Immunol 2006; 71:3-11. [PMID: 16806487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2005.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2005] [Revised: 12/14/2005] [Accepted: 12/22/2005] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid-related protein-8 (MRP-8), MRP-14, and MRP-8/14 are found in a variety of inflammatory conditions and are involved in the host defense system. The objective of this study was to determine the concentrations of MRP-8, MRP-14, and MRP-8/14 in human cervical mucus and the associations between MRP-8/14 and proinflammatory cytokines. Samples of cervical mucus were obtained using a syringe from sexually active women (n=97) during the preovulatory phase. Samples from seven women were obtained using a swab placed in the cervical canal during the proliferative, preovulatory, and luteal phases. Concentrations of MRP-8, MRP-14, MRP-8/14, IL-1alpha, IL-6, IL-8, and granulocyte elastase were measured using an ELISA. The mean levels of MRP-8, MRP-14, and MRP-8/14 in cervical mucus were 1.87, 0.46, and 23.90microg/ml, respectively. The concentration of MRP-8/14 showed positive correlations with concentrations of IL-1alpha (p<0.0001), IL-8 (p<0.0001), and granulocyte elastase (p<0.0001). However, there were no significant differences in MRP-8/14 levels in the cervical mucus of each patient during the menstrual cycle. MRP-8/14 was mainly detected in human cervical mucus and showed a positive correlation with proinflammatory cytokines. The MRP-8/14 level in cervical mucus may be useful as a marker of inflammation of the uterine cervix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Kunimi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mitsukawa K, Otsuki K, Yanaihara A, Sawada M, Iwasaki S, Okai T. Concentration of lactoferrin and interleukin-6 in cervical mucus from patients being treated for infertility. Reprod Med Biol 2006. [PMID: 29699242 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0578.2006.00131.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The concentrations of the iron-binding protein lactoferrin (LF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured in the cervical mucus of patients being treated for infertility throughout the menstrual cycle. Methods: A total of 251 cervical mucus samples were obtained from the patients throughout the menstrual cycle. One hundred and fifty samples were from primary infertility patients with unexplained infertility and 101 samples were from secondary infertility patients as a control. The concentrations of LF and IL-6 were measured by enzyme immunoassays. The standard curve of LF concentrations ranged from 1.6 to 50 ng/mL. Results: The mean LF and IL-6 concentrations in the cervical mucus of primary infertility patients were higher than that of the control patients (P= 0.04, P= 0.032, respectively) The LF and IL-6 concentrations were highly correlated (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Elevated levels of IL-6 and LF in the cervical mucus were obtained from primary infertility patients. We speculate that LF might also be one of the causes of infertility and might play an important role in reproductive processes in the cervix. (Reprod Med Biol 2006; 5: 105-109).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Mitsukawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University school of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsufumi Otsuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University school of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yanaihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University school of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Sawada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University school of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Iwasaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University school of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Okai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University school of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mitsukawa K, Otsuki K, Yanaihara A, Sawada M, Iwasaki S, Okai T. Concentration of lactoferrin and interleukin-6 in cervical mucus from patients being treated for infertility. Reprod Med Biol 2006; 5:105-109. [PMID: 29699242 DOI: 10.1007/bf03016146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The concentrations of the iron-binding protein lactoferrin (LF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured in the cervical mucus of patients being treated for infertility throughout the menstrual cycle. Methods: A total of 251 cervical mucus samples were obtained from the patients throughout the menstrual cycle. One hundred and fifty samples were from primary infertility patients with unexplained infertility and 101 samples were from secondary infertility patients as a control. The concentrations of LF and IL-6 were measured by enzyme immunoassays. The standard curve of LF concentrations ranged from 1.6 to 50 ng/mL. Results: The mean LF and IL-6 concentrations in the cervical mucus of primary infertility patients were higher than that of the control patients (P= 0.04, P= 0.032, respectively) The LF and IL-6 concentrations were highly correlated (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Elevated levels of IL-6 and LF in the cervical mucus were obtained from primary infertility patients. We speculate that LF might also be one of the causes of infertility and might play an important role in reproductive processes in the cervix. (Reprod Med Biol 2006; 5: 105-109).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Mitsukawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University school of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsufumi Otsuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University school of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yanaihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University school of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Sawada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University school of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Iwasaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University school of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Okai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University school of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gallinelli A, Ciaccio I, Giannella L, Salvatori M, Marsella T, Volpe A. Correlations between concentrations of interleukin-12 and interleukin-13 and lymphocyte subsets in the follicular fluid of women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2003; 79:1365-72. [PMID: 12798884 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(03)00344-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate a possible correlation between interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-13 levels and lymphocyte subsets in the preovulatory follicles of patients with and without polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). DESIGN Controlled clinical study. SETTING University hospital. PATIENT(S) Seventy-eight infertile women undergoing IVF-embryo transfer. INTERVENTION(S) The subjects underwent blood sampling, ovum retrieval, and embryo transfer. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Follicular fluid levels of T, androstenedione (A); IL-12, IL-13, activated T cells, T helper, and T-suppressor lymphocytes. RESULT(S) The level of IL-12 detected in follicular fluid (FF) was significantly lower in patients with PCOS than in normally ovulating women (mean: 1.47 +/- 0.3 pg/mL vs. 2.25 +/- 0.7 pg/mL, respectively); in contrast, FF IL-13 concentrations were significantly higher in the patients with PCOS than in the normally ovulating women (mean: 32.5 +/- 3.7 pg/mL vs. 19.6 +/- 2.5 pg/mL, respectively), as was the total number of activated T lymphocytes (11.5% +/- 1.5% vs. 4.8% +/- 0.4%). A significant correlation was observed between FF activated T-cell concentrations and FF IL-12, IL-13, T, and A levels. No significant differences were observed when these data were compared with embryological parameters. CONCLUSION(S) The present study shows significant differences in the correlation between FF IL-12 and IL-13 levels and T lymphocyte numbers in the subset of patients with PCOS as compared to normally ovulating women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gallinelli
- Department of Gynecological, Obstetrics and Pediatric Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
PROBLEM To review the literature on the role of peritoneal cytokines in the pathogenesis and endometriosis-related infertility. METHODS OF STUDY A MEDLINE search was conducted by the key words of cytokine and endometriosis in the English publications, and references identified within the identified papers were also reviewed. RESULTS Several cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1, 6, 8, 10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were reported to be increased in the peritoneal fluid (PF) of women with endometriosis. Those cytokines may be involved in macrophage activation, inflammatory change and enhanced angiogenesis. However, some cytokines were less expressed such as IL-2, and interferon (IFN)-gamma. They reflect the impaired T- and natural killer (NK)-cell function. Endometriotic implants produce some factors, e.g. matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), Bcl-2, and affect their capacity to implant into the peritoneum. CONCLUSION Peritoneal cytokines, which are produced by mesothelial cells, leukocytes and ectopic endometrial cells, interwork locally and systemically in women with endometriosis. More studies about the specific role and interactions of these cytokines are needed to improve the understanding of endometriosis and to develop novel therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yih Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine and the Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
|
20
|
Castle PE, Hildesheim A, Bowman FP, Strickler HD, Walker JL, Pustilnik T, Edwards RP, Crowley-Nowick PA. Cervical concentrations of interleukin-10 and interleukin-12 do not correlate with plasma levels. J Clin Immunol 2002; 22:23-7. [PMID: 11958590 DOI: 10.1023/a:1014252402630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infects the transformation zone of the cervix and is the primary cause of cervical cancer. The infection is localized to the cervix and mucosal immunity is likely to be an important determinant for viral clearance. Previous studies of immunity to HPV have measured immune markers in the blood, but the relationship of systemic immunity to cervical immunity is poorly understood. In this study of 70 women enrolled in the ASCUS-LSIL Triage Study (ALTS), a clinical trial for management of low-grade cytologic abnormalities of the cervix, we collected paired plasma and cervical secretions to investigate the relationship between cervical concentrations of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) and plasma levels. Neither IL-10 (p = 0.11), or IL-12 (p = -0.04) nor the ratio of IL-12 to IL-10 (p = 0.06) were correlated between blood and cervical secretions. Except for weak correlations of IL-10 among nonsmokers (p = 0.35. P = 0.019) and those in day 18-27 of their menstrual cycle (p = 0.51, P = 0.015), this lack of correlation persisted in all subgroups defined by genital inflammation or infection, current oral contraceptive use, heme contamination and volume of collected secretions, HPV16 seropositivity, and repeat HPV infection and/or cytologic abnormalities. The lack of correlation and high concentrations in cervical secretions indicate that the cervical IL-10 and IL-12 concentrations exceed what could be expected from blood as a principle source of IL-10 and IL-12 and suggest that cytokine concentrations in cervical secretions are predominantly the result of local cytokine production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip E Castle
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland 20892-7234, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wu MY, Chen SU, Chao KH, Chen CD, Yang YS, Ho HN. Mouse embryo toxicity of IL-6 in peritoneal fluids from women with or without endometriosis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2001; 80:7-11. [PMID: 11167181 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0412.2001.800102.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine whether there is a factor (or factors) in the peritoneal fluid of endometriosis patients that impairs embryo growth and embryo implantation. METHODS Growth and development of two-cell mouse embryos which were cultured in media with peritoneal fluid from women with or without endometriosis and interleukin-1-beta (IL-1beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels in conditioned media were measured. RESULTS The blastocyst rate in the non-endometriosis group was 46.4 +/- 31.1%, and that of the endometriosis group was 54.6 +/- 28.7%. Logistic regression analysis using the criteria of blastocyst development in 454 embryos, showed that the peritoneal fluid from endometriosis could promote (p=0.015) but IL-6 could arrest embryo growth to blastocyst (p=0.025). IL-1beta and TNF-alpha levels had no significant effect on blastocyst formation. CONCLUSION Peritoneal fluid from women with endometriosis was not toxic to mouse embryo development. However, IL-6 in the peritoneal fluid deteriorated the growth and development of mouse embryos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Y Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine and the Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|