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Guo X, Wang CC, Chung JPW, Li TC, Chen X. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), placental growth factor (PlGF) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in serum from women undergoing frozen embryo transfer. HUM FERTIL 2023; 26:987-997. [PMID: 35243939 DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2022.2040749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
VEGFA, PlGF and IGF-1 are three main angiogenic factors which play significant roles in embryo implantation. However, the relationship between serum expressions of VEGFA, PlGF and IGF-1 and pregnancy outcomes has not been fully illustrated. In this study, serum specimens were collected precisely on day 7 after the LH surge in a natural non-conception cycle from 38 infertile patients who underwent frozen embryo transfer (FET) treatment. ELISA was used to determine the concentrations of VEGFA, PlGF and IGF-1. Serum levels of VEGFA, PlGF and IGF-1 were compared between patients who conceived (n=25) and who did not (n=13). Correlation and linear regression analyses were used to investigate the correlations of serum angiogenic factors and β-hCG MoM levels in the pregnant group. The results demonstrated that no significant difference was found in serum VEGFA, PlGF or IGF-1 concentration between pregnant and non-pregnant women. Spearman correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between IGF-1 concentration and β-hCG level in pregnant participants (rs = 0.490, p = 0.013). In conclusion, serum IGF-1 level correlated positively with β-hCG level in pregnant women, which may provide information on the prognostic value of IGF-1 in this group of women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Assisted Reproductive Technology Unit, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Chi Chiu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Assisted Reproductive Technology Unit, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Jacqueline Pui Wah Chung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Assisted Reproductive Technology Unit, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Tin Chiu Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Assisted Reproductive Technology Unit, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shenzhen Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, PR China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
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2
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Zhu Q, Zhao X, Zhang D, Xia W, Zhang J. Abnormal expression of SLIT3 induces intravillous vascularization dysplasia in ectopic pregnancy. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14850. [PMID: 36793891 PMCID: PMC9924138 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate whether the morphology, capillary number, and transcriptome expression profiles of ectopic pregnancy (EP) villi differ from those of normal pregnancy (NP) villi. Methods Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining for CD31 were conducted to compare differences in morphology and capillary number between EP and NP villi. Differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs and mRNAs were determined from transcriptome sequencing of both types of villi and used to construct a miRNA-mRNA network, from which hub genes were identified. Candidate DE-miRNAs and DE-mRNAs were validated by quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR. Correlations were identified between the number of capillaries and serum beta human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG) levels and between the expression levels of hub genes associated with angiogenesis and β-HCG levels. Results The mean and total cross-sectional areas of placental villi were significantly increased in EP compared with NP villi. Capillary density was greatly reduced in EP villi and was positively correlated with β-HCG levels. A total of 49 DE-miRNAs and 625 DE-mRNAs were identified from the sequencing data. An integrated analysis established a miRNA-mRNA network containing 32 DE-miRNAs and 103 DE-mRNAs. Based on the validation of hub mRNAs and miRNAs in the network, a regulatory pathway involving miR-491-5p-SLIT3 was discovered, which may have a role in the development of villous capillaries. Conclusion Villus morphology, capillary number, and miRNA/mRNA expression profiles in villous tissues were aberrant in EP placentas. Specifically, SLIT3, which is regulated by miR-491-5p, may contribute to the regulation of villous angiogenesis and was established as a putative predictor of chorionic villus development, providing a basis for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhu
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoya Zhao
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
| | - Duo Zhang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xia
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
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Teshima DRK, Pereira PP, Francisco RPV, De Oliveira MA, Schulz R, Antonângelo L, Cabar FR. Tissue concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor is not related to the depth of trophoblastic invasion in ampullary pregnancies—A pilot study. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:989031. [PMID: 36339590 PMCID: PMC9630585 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.989031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The factors that modulate trophoblastic invasion into the tubal wall remain uncertain. Moreover, it is known that the concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is increased in cases of deeper trophoblastic invasion in the fallopian tubes. Objective: This study aimed to assess if there is a correlation between VEGF tissue expression and the depth of trophoblastic infiltration into the tubal wall in patients with ampullary pregnancy. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in patients with a diagnosis of tubal pregnancy in the ampullary region who underwent salpingectomy. Inclusion criteria were spontaneously conceived singleton pregnancies, diagnosis of tubal pregnancy in the ampullary region, and radical surgical treatment. A lack of agreement regarding the location of the tubal pregnancy and impossibility of either anatomopathological or tissue VEGF analysis were the exclusion criteria. Histologically, trophoblastic invasion into the tubal wall was classified as grade I when limited to the tubal mucosa, grade II when it reached the muscle layer, and grade III when it comprised the full thickness of the tubal wall. A total of 42 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were selected to participate in the study. Eight patients were excluded. After surgery, tissue VEGF expression was measured by immunohistochemistry and the point counting technique. Results: Histological analysis revealed that eight patients had stage I tubal infiltration, seven had stage II, and 19 had stage III. The difference between the percentage of VEGF expression in the trophoblastic tissue was not significant in relation to the degree of trophoblastic invasion (p = 0.621) (ANOVA). Trophoblastic tissue VEGF showed no statistical difference for prediction of both degrees of trophoblastic invasion (univariate multinomial regression). Conclusion: The depth of trophoblastic penetration into the tubal wall in ampullary pregnancies is not associated with tissue VEGF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro Paulo Pereira
- Hospital das Clínicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Matheus Abelo De Oliveira
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Regina Schulz
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leila Antonângelo
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology and Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio Roberto Cabar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Fábio Roberto Cabar,
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4
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Cabar FR, Pereira PP, de Oliveira MA, Francisco RPV. Serum vascular endothelial growth factor as a marker for tubal pregnancy. REVISTA DA ASSOCIACAO MEDICA BRASILEIRA (1992) 2022; 68:860-865. [PMID: 35766702 PMCID: PMC9575910 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20220224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate whether a single measurement of vascular endothelial growth factor could distinguish between intrauterine pregnancy and ectopic pregnancy and to correlate the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor with serum levels of progesterone andβ-human chorionic gonadotropin in each subgroup. METHODS Ninety patients with a positive human chorionic gonadotropin test and either abdominal pain or vaginal bleeding were selected; pregnancies were singletons, spontaneously conceived, 42-56 days of gestational age. All patients had a transvaginal ultrasound examination and were divided into three subgroups: abnormal intrauterine pregnancy, tubal pregnancy, and normal intrauterine pregnancy. Tubal pregnancies were surgically treated and histologically confirmed. Blood samples were collected for the determination of β-human chorionic gonadotropin, progesterone, and vascular endothelial growth factor and their concentrations were compared in each subgroup. Receiver operating characteristic curve was calculated by comparing the subgroup of tubal pregnancy to the other groups. A Fisher discriminant function analysis was performed. The level of significance was 5%. RESULTS One-way analysis of variance revealed a significant correlation between the different subgroups and β-human chorionic gonadotropin, progesterone, and vascular endothelial growth factor serum levels (p<0.001). Vascular endothelial growth factor concentration was significantly higher for patients with tubal pregnancy than for other subgroups (p<0.05). β-Human chorionic gonadotropin and progesterone levels were higher in the subgroup with normal intrauterine pregnancies compared with the subgroups with tubal and abnormal intrauterine pregnancies (p<0.05). Serum vascular endothelial growth factor level >188.7 ng/mL predicted tubal pregnancy with 96.7% sensitivity, 95.0% specificity, 90.6% positive predictive value, and 98.3% negative predictive value. CONCLUSIONS Serum vascular endothelial growth factor could be a marker in discriminating intrauterine pregnancy from tubal pregnancy; its levels are increased in women with ectopic pregnancy compared with women with normal and abnormal intrauterine pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Roberto Cabar
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento
de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia – São Paulo(SP), Brazil
| | - Pedro Paulo Pereira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das
Clínicas – São Paulo(SP), Brazil
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Alabiad MA, Said WMM, Gad AH, Sharaf ElDin MTA, Khairy DA, Gobran MA, Shalaby AM, Samy W, Abdelsameea AA, Heraiz AI. Evaluation of Different Doses of the Aromatase Inhibitor Letrozole for the Treatment of Ectopic Pregnancy and Its Effect on Villous Trophoblastic Tissue. Reprod Sci 2022; 29:2983-2994. [PMID: 35701686 PMCID: PMC9537218 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-00993-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, has recently been introduced as a favorable medical treatment for ectopic pregnancy. We aimed at evaluating the effects of different doses of letrozole for termination of ectopic pregnancy and study their effects on villous trophoblastic tissue. Sixty patients with undisturbed ectopic pregnancy were classified into three equal groups. Group I: the control group that contained women who underwent laparoscopic salpingectomy, Group II: patients who received letrozole (5 mg day−1) for 10 days, and Group III: patients who received letrozole (10 mg day−1) for 10 days. Subsequently, the β-hCG levels were determined on the first day and after 11 days of treatment. Group IV consisted of patients of GII and GIII; their β-hCG did not drop below 100 mIU/ml within 11 days, and underwent salpingectomy. Placental tissues from patients undergoing salpingectomy either from the control group or GIV were processed for the evaluation of estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and cleaved caspase 3 (CC-3) expression. Cases exposed to high dose letrozole 10 mg day−1 resulted in a higher ectopic pregnancy resolution rate of 85% (17/20), while the resolution rate of the low dose letrozole-treated group (5 mg day−1) was 65% (13/20), and also showed a significant reduction in β-hCG levels on the 11th day, 25.63 ± 4.29 compared to the low dose letrozole group 37.91 ± 7.18 (P < 0.001), Meanwhile, the letrozole-treated group GIV showed markedly reduced expression of ER, PR, and VEGF and a significant increase in the apoptotic index cleaved caspase-3 compared to the control group (P < 0.001). The utilization of letrozole at a dose of 10 mg day−1 for medical treatment of ectopic pregnancy results in a high-successful rate without any severe side effects. Letrozole depriving the placenta of estrogen that had vascular supporting signals resulted in destroying the vascular network with marked apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ali Alabiad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519 Egypt
| | - Warda M. M. Said
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Benghazi University, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Abdalla Hassan Gad
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Dina Ahmed Khairy
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai Ahmed Gobran
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519 Egypt
| | - Amany Mohamed Shalaby
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Walaa Samy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed Ismail Heraiz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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6
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Liu L, Liu X, Luo S, Wang X, Xu Z, Hao C. Platelet-Rich Plasma Improves Pregnancy Rate and Repairs Endometrial Injury in Patients with Repeated Implantation Failure. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2021.2657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The effects investigated in this study for the therapy with autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the thin endometrium in a rat model and patients with repeated implantation failure (RIF). Methods: PRP were immediately injected into uterine cavity after the
establishing a model of thin endometrial injury by injection with 95% ethanol into uterus of SD rat. We have used H&E staining to explore the endometrial morphological alteration. The immunohistochemistry, Western blots, and quantitative RT-PCR were used to determine the endometrial receptivity.
RL95-2 cells were incubated with RPR at the different concentrations to detect the effect of PRP on the endometrial epithelial cell proliferation. Patients (n = 51) were divided into the control and PRP treatment groups. Patients in the PRP treatment group received PRP by intrauterine
perfusion. Results: Endometrial morphology was significantly improved after PRP intrauterine infusion thrice-administered SD rats. PRP increased the thickness of thin endometrium in rats and up-regulate the expression of receptivity markers, including vimentin, vascular endothelial
growth factor (VEGF) and integrin β3. In the control (n = 25) and PRP treatment (n = 26) groups, no significant differences were observed in rates of clinical pregnancy (50.0% vs. 44.0%, p = 0.67), implantation (40.5% vs. 26.0%, p = 0.15) and miscarriage (30.8%
vs. 18.2%, p = 0.48). Conclusions: The transplantation of PRP repairs the endometrial injury by suppressing receptivity, enhancing endometrial cell proliferation and vascular remodeling. PRP improves the pregnancy rate in RIF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250002, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital ofQingdao University, Yantai, Shandong Province 264000, China
| | - Sheng Luo
- Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province 261021, China
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rizhao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Rizhao, Shandong Province 276800, China
| | - Zhiyan Xu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Affiliated Weihai Hospital of Qingdao University, Weihai, Yantai, Shandong Province 264200, China
| | - Cuifang Hao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital ofQingdao University, Yantai, Shandong Province 264000, China
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7
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Binet F, Cagnone G, Crespo-Garcia S, Hata M, Neault M, Dejda A, Wilson AM, Buscarlet M, Mawambo GT, Howard JP, Diaz-Marin R, Parinot C, Guber V, Pilon F, Juneau R, Laflamme R, Sawchyn C, Boulay K, Leclerc S, Abu-Thuraia A, Côté JF, Andelfinger G, Rezende FA, Sennlaub F, Joyal JS, Mallette FA, Sapieha P. Neutrophil extracellular traps target senescent vasculature for tissue remodeling in retinopathy. Science 2020; 369:369/6506/eaay5356. [PMID: 32820093 DOI: 10.1126/science.aay5356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In developed countries, the leading causes of blindness such as diabetic retinopathy are characterized by disorganized vasculature that can become fibrotic. Although many such pathological vessels often naturally regress and spare sight-threatening complications, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we used orthogonal approaches in human patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and a mouse model of ischemic retinopathies to identify an unconventional role for neutrophils in vascular remodeling during late-stage sterile inflammation. Senescent vasculature released a secretome that attracted neutrophils and triggered the production of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs ultimately cleared diseased endothelial cells and remodeled unhealthy vessels. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of NETosis prevented the regression of senescent vessels and prolonged disease. Thus, clearance of senescent retinal blood vessels leads to reparative vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Binet
- Departments of Ophthalmology and.,Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Gael Cagnone
- Departments of Pediatrics and.,Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ste-Justine, University of Montreal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Sergio Crespo-Garcia
- Departments of Ophthalmology and.,Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Masayuki Hata
- Departments of Ophthalmology and.,Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Mathieu Neault
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Agnieszka Dejda
- Departments of Ophthalmology and.,Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | | | - Manuel Buscarlet
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Gaelle Tagne Mawambo
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | | | - Roberto Diaz-Marin
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Christina Sawchyn
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Karine Boulay
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | | | - Afnan Abu-Thuraia
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Jean-François Côté
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | | | | | - Florian Sennlaub
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U 968 Paris F-75012, France
| | - Jean-Sébastien Joyal
- Departments of Ophthalmology and .,Departments of Pediatrics and.,Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ste-Justine, University of Montreal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Frédérick A Mallette
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Przemyslaw Sapieha
- Departments of Ophthalmology and .,Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada.,Department of Neurology-Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
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8
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Mtshali Z, Moodley J, Naicker T. An Insight into the Angiogenic and Lymphatic Interplay in Pre-eclampsia Comorbid with HIV Infection. Curr Hypertens Rep 2020; 22:35. [PMID: 32200445 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-020-01040-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide insight on the imbalance of angiogenic and lymphangiogenic factors in pre-eclampsia, as well as highlight polymorphism in genes related to angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS The pregnancy-specific disorder pre-eclampsia is diagnosed by the presence of hypertension with/without proteinuria, after 20 weeks of gestation. The pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia remains ambiguous, but research over the years has identified an imbalance in maternal and foetal factors. Familial predisposition and gene variation are also linked to pre-eclampsia development. The sFlt-1/PIGF ratio has attracted great attention over the years; more recently several researchers have reported that a sFlt-1/PIGF ratio of ≤ 38 can be used to predict short-term absence of pre-eclampsia. This ratio has the potential to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes and reduce healthcare costs significantly. Genome-wide studies have additionally identified variation in the foetal gene near Flt-1. The development of preeclampsia is not limited to the maternal interface, but foetal involvement as well as genetic interplay is associated with the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zamahlabangane Mtshali
- Optics and Imaging Centre, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Jagidesa Moodley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Women's Health and HIV Research Group, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Thajasvarie Naicker
- Optics and Imaging Centre, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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9
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Expression and Characterization of Human Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Produced in SiHa Cells Transduced with Adenoviral Vector. Protein J 2019; 38:693-703. [DOI: 10.1007/s10930-019-09867-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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10
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Xia L, Meng Q, Xi J, Han Q, Cheng J, Shen J, Xia Y, Shi L. The synergistic effect of electroacupuncture and bone mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on repairing thin endometrial injury in rats. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:244. [PMID: 31391117 PMCID: PMC6686409 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1326-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue regeneration disorder after endometrial injury is an important cause of intrauterine adhesions, amenorrhea, and infertility in women. Both bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation and electroacupuncture (EA) are promising therapeutic applications for endometrial injury. This study examined their combined effects on thin endometrium in rats and the possible mechanisms underlying these effects. METHODS A thin endometrial model was established in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats by perfusing 95% ethanol into the right side of the uterus. The wounds were randomly treated with PBS (model group), BMSCs only (BMSC group), EA only (EA group), and BMSCs combined with EA (BMSC + EA group). Endometrial morphological alterations were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Changes in markers of epithelial and stromal endometrium cells, endometrial receptivity-related chemokines, and paracrine factors were detected using immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Finally, the functional recovery of the uterus was evaluated by determining the rate of embryo implantation. RESULTS As shown by endometrial morphology, the damaged uteri in all the treatment groups recovered to some extent, with the best effects observed in the BMSC + EA group. Further studies showed that EA promoted the migration of transplanted BMSCs to damaged uteri by activating the stromal cell-derived factor-1/C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (SDF-1/CXCR4) axis. As compared with the other groups, upregulated expression of endometrial cytokeratin and vimentin, increased secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in endometrial lesions, and improved embryo implantation rates on the 8th day of pregnancy were found in the BMSC + EA group. CONCLUSIONS EA plays an important role in supporting BMSCs in the repair of thin endometrium, most likely by promoting the migration of BMSCs and enhancing the paracrine effect of BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjun Xia
- School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Qingyu Meng
- The Second Clinical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Jin Xi
- The Second Clinical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Qin Han
- School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- The Second Clinical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Jie Shen
- The Second Clinical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Youbing Xia
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China.
- The Second Clinical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China.
| | - Liyun Shi
- School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China.
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11
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Mochan S, Dhingra MK, Gupta SK, Saxena S, Arora P, Yadav V, Rani N, Luthra K, Dwivedi S, Bhatla N, Dhingra R. Status of VEGF in preeclampsia and its effect on endoplasmic reticulum stress in placental trophoblast cells. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol X 2019; 4:100070. [PMID: 31517301 PMCID: PMC6728727 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurox.2019.100070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the role of VEGF in attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress in placental trophoblast cells. Study design Study was divided into following parts: 1. Serum Analysis of GRP78 and VEGF using sandwich ELISA. 2. Expression of VEGF and GRP78 in placentae by immunohistochemistry (IHC). 3. In Vitro experiments. Status of ER stress markers (GRP78, eIF2α, XBP1, ATF6 and CHOP) was assessed at various time points (8 h, 14 h, 24 h) when trophoblast cells were treated with varying concentration(s) of VEGF and also by adding recombinant VEGF at protein (Immunofluorescence, Western blot) and transcript levels (qRT-PCR). Results Increased GRP78 and decreased VEGF protein levels in sera and placentae of preeclamptic pregnant women and reduced expression of various ER stress markers at both transcript and protein levels was observed in trophoblast cells when they were exposed to recombinant VEGF thereby indicating positive role of VEGF in alleviating ER stress. Conclusions Reduced expression of ER stress markers in trophoblast cells against increased VEGF highlighted a new window to explore prospective drugs that can be designed to modulate the activities of various ER stress sensors in order to alleviate ER stress in pregnant women with preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankat Mochan
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Manoj Kumar Dhingra
- Department of Community Medicine, NC Medical college and hospital, Israna, Panipat, Haryana, 132107, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Gupta
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Shobhit Saxena
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Pallavi Arora
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Vineeta Yadav
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Neerja Rani
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Kalpana Luthra
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Sadanand Dwivedi
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Neerja Bhatla
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Renu Dhingra
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India
- Corresponding authors.
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12
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Monteiro LJ, Cubillos S, Sanchez M, Acuña-Gallardo S, Venegas P, Herrera V, Lam EWF, Varas-Godoy M, Illanes SE. Reduced FOXM1 Expression Limits Trophoblast Migration and Angiogenesis and Is Associated With Preeclampsia. Reprod Sci 2018; 26:580-590. [PMID: 29848205 DOI: 10.1177/1933719118778798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Trophoblast cells are often compared to highly invasive carcinoma cells due to their capacity to proliferate in hypoxic conditions and to exhibit analogous vascular, proliferative, migratory, and invasive capacities. Thus, genes that are important for tumorigenesis, such as forkhead box M1 ( FOXM1) may also be involved in processes of trophoblast invasion. Indeed, we found Foxm1 protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) levels decreased as gestational age increased in rat's placentae. Accordingly, when mimicking early placental events in vitro, protein and mRNA expression of FOXM1 increased from 21% to 8% O2, reaching its highest expression at 3% oxygen tension, which reflects early implantation environment, and dropping to very low levels at 1% O2. Remarkably, FOXM1 silencing in JEG-3 cells was able to significantly decrease migration by 27.9%, in comparison with those cells transfected with control siRNA. Moreover, angiogenesis was compromised when conditioned media (CM) from FOXM1-siRNA -JEG-3 (3% O2) was added to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) cells; however, when CM of JEG-3 cells overexpressing FOXM1 at 1% O2 was added, the ability of HUVEC to form tubule networks was restored. Additionally, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays of FOXM1 knockdown and overexpression experiments in JEG-3 cells revealed that the depletion of FOXM1 at 3% O2 and overexpression of FOXM1 at 1% O2 led to downregulation and upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor transcriptional (VEGF) levels, respectively. Conversely, we also observed deregulation of FOXM1 in placentae derived from pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia (PE). Therefore, we demonstrate that FOXM1 may be a new regulatory protein of early placentation processes and that under chronic hypoxic conditions (1% O2) and in patients with severe PE, its levels decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara J Monteiro
- 1 Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sofia Cubillos
- 1 Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marianela Sanchez
- 1 Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Stephanie Acuña-Gallardo
- 1 Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pía Venegas
- 1 Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,2 Department of Maternal-Foetal Medicine, Clínica Dávila, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valentina Herrera
- 1 Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eric W-F Lam
- 3 Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Varas-Godoy
- 1 Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián E Illanes
- 1 Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,2 Department of Maternal-Foetal Medicine, Clínica Dávila, Santiago, Chile
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13
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Liao KH, Chang SJ, Chang HC, Chien CL, Huang TS, Feng TC, Lin WW, Shih CC, Yang MH, Yang SH, Lin CH, Hwang WL, Lee OK. Endothelial angiogenesis is directed by RUNX1T1-regulated VEGFA, BMP4 and TGF-β2 expression. PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28640846 PMCID: PMC5481149 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue angiogenesis is intimately regulated during embryogenesis and postnatal development. Defected angiogenesis contributes to aberrant development and is the main complication associated with ischemia-related diseases. We previously identified the increased expression of RUNX1T1 in umbilical cord blood-derived endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) by gene expression microarray. However, the biological relevance of RUNX1T1 in endothelial lineage is not defined clearly. Here, we demonstrate RUNX1T1 regulates the survival, motility and tube forming capability of ECFCs and EA.hy926 endothelial cells by loss-and gain-of function assays, respectively. Second, embryonic vasculatures and quantity of bone marrow-derived angiogenic progenitors are found to be reduced in the established Runx1t1 heterozygous knockout mice. Finally, a central RUNX1T1-regulated signature is uncovered and VEGFA, BMP4 as well as TGF-β2 are demonstrated to mediate RUNX1T1-orchested angiogenic activities. Taken together, our results reveal that RUNX1T1 serves as a common angiogenic driver for vaculogenesis and functionality of endothelial lineage cells. Therefore, the discovery and application of pharmaceutical activators for RUNX1T1 will improve therapeutic efficacy toward ischemia by promoting neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko-Hsun Liao
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Jyh Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hsinchu Mackay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chuan Chang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Li Chien
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Shun Huang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Te-Chia Feng
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wei Lin
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Chi Shih
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hsinchu Mackay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Muh-Hwa Yang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Immunity and Inflammation Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cancer Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Genomic Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shung-Haur Yang
- Department of Surgery, Taipei-Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hung Lin
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Hwang
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (OKL); (WLH)
| | - Oscar K. Lee
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Stem Cell Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (OKL); (WLH)
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14
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Cabar FR, Kamio Teshima DR, Pereira PP, Antonangelo L, Schultz R, Francisco RP. Serum concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor and depth of trophoblastic invasion in ampullary ectopic pregnancy. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2016; 71:699-702. [PMID: 28076513 PMCID: PMC5175296 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2016(12)04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between the depth of trophoblastic infiltration and serum vascular endothelial growth factorconcentration in patients with an ampullary pregnancy. METHODS: This prospective cross-sectionalstudy involved 34 patients with an ampullary ectopic pregnancy who underwent salpingectomy between 2012 and 2013. Maternal serum vascular endothelial growth factor concentrations were measured using Luminex technology. Trophoblastic invasion was classified histologically as follows: stage I, limited to the tubal mucosa; stage II, reaching the muscle layer; and stage III,involving the full thickness. The qualitative data were compared using Fisher's exact test. The nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used to evaluate differences in serum vascular endothelial growth factor among the degrees of trophoblastic invasion. ROC curves were constructed to determine vascular endothelial growth factor cut-off values that predict the degree of tubal invasion based on the best sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS: Eight patients had stage I trophoblastic invasion, seven had stage II, and 19 had stage III. The median serum vascular endothelial growth factorconcentration was 69.88 pg/mL for stage I, 14.53 pg/mL for stage II and 9.08 pg/mL for stage III, with a significant difference between stages I and III. Based on the ROC curve, a serum vascular endothelial growth factor concentration of 25.9 pg/mL best differentiated stage I from stages II and III with asensitivity of 75.0%, specificity of 76.9%, and area under the curve of 0.798. CONCLUSIONS: The depth of trophoblastic penetration into the tubal wall isassociated with serum vascular endothelial growth factor concentration in ampullary pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Roberto Cabar
- Departamento de Obstetr�cia e Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
- E-mail:
| | - Décio Roberto Kamio Teshima
- Departamento de Obstetr�cia e Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Paulo Pereira
- Departamento de Obstetr�cia e Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Leila Antonangelo
- Departamento de Patologia e Pesquisa Médica, Laboratório 03, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Regina Schultz
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Rossana Pulcineli Francisco
- Departamento de Obstetr�cia e Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
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15
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Malamitsi-Puchner A, Tziotis J, Tsonou A, Protonotariou E, Sarandakou A, Creatsas G. Changes in Serum Levels of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Males and Females Throughout Life. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/107155760000700507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - George Creatsas
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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16
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Expression and Function of Placenta Growth Factor: Implications for Abnormal Placentation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1071-55760300048-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Kurtoglu E, Altunkaynak BZ, Aydin I, Ozdemir AZ, Altun G, Kokcu A, Kaplan S. Role of vascular endothelial growth factor and placental growth factor expression on placenta structure in pre-eclamptic pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2015; 41:1533-40. [PMID: 26177586 DOI: 10.1111/jog.12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Pre-eclampsia is a hypertensive disease that is characterized by high blood pressure and proteinuria after 20 gestational weeks and complicates 3-8% of all pregnancies. It is classified as either mild or severe pre-eclampsia according to severity, and the aim of this study was to investigate the structural differences between these two classifications. METHODS Placenta samples were collected from 68 women who underwent cesarean delivery. Total volume of villi and numerical density of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)- and placental growth factor (PIGF)-positive cells were estimated on stereology and evaluated using one-way ANOVA. RESULTS There was no significantly difference in total villi volumes between the groups (P > 0.05). In contrast, on immunohistochemistry, the numerical density of VEGF-positive cells in severe pre-eclampsia was significantly different to the control and mild pre-eclampsia groups (P<0.05). Additionally, the numerical density of PIGF-positive cells in the mild and severe pre-eclampsia group was significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION There is no relationship between villi volume and pre-eclampsia, although growth factors play a role in placental changes. The present results were supported by histopathology and several studies in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emel Kurtoglu
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsun, Turkey
| | | | - Isinsu Aydin
- Histology and Embryology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ayse Z Ozdemir
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Gamze Altun
- Histology and Embryology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Arif Kokcu
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Kaplan
- Histology and Embryology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
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18
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Zarezade N, Saboori Darabi S, Ramezanali F, Amirchaghmaghi E, Khalili G, Moini A, Aflatoonian R. mRNA expression of VEGF and its receptors in fallopian tubes of women with ectopic pregnancies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY & STERILITY 2015; 9:55-64. [PMID: 25918593 PMCID: PMC4410038 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2015.4209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Establishment of viable pregnancy requires embryo implantation and placentation. Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is a pregnancy complication which occurs when an embryo implants outside of the uterine cavity, most often in a fallopian tube. On the other hand, an important aspect of successful implantation is angiogenesis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent angiogenic factor responsible for vascular development that acts through its receptors, VEGF receptor 1 (VEGFR1) and VEGFR2. This study aims to investigate mRNA expression of VEGF and its receptors in fallopian tubes of women who have EP compared with fallopian tubes of pseudo-pregnant women. We hypothesize that expression of VEGF and its receptors in human fallopian tubes may change during EP. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a case-control study. The case group consisted of women who underwent salpingectomy because of EP. The control group consisted of women with normal fallopian tubes that underwent hysterectomy. Prior to tubal sampling, each control subject received an injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to produce a state of pseudo-pregnancy. Fallopian tubes from both groups were procured. We investigated VEGF, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 mRNA expressions in different sections of these tubes (infundibulum, ampulla and isthmus) by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and quantitative PCR (Q-PCR). RESULTS RT-PCR showed expressions of these genes in all sections of the fallopian tubes in both groups. Q-PCR analysis revealed that expressions of VEGF, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 were lower in all sections of the fallopian tubes from the case group compared to the controls. Only VEGFR2 had higher expression in the ampulla of the case group. CONCLUSION Decreased expressions of VEGF, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 in the EP group may have a role in the pathogenesis of embryo implantation in fallopian tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafise Zarezade
- Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for
Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samane Saboori Darabi
- Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for
Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Ramezanali
- Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for
Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Amirchaghmaghi
- Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for
Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Khalili
- Department of Epidemiology and Reproductive Health at Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for
Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashraf Moini
- Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for
Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Arash Women's Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Vali-e-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Aflatoonian
- Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for
Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Cabar FR, Pereira PP, Schultz R, Francisco RP, Zugaib M. Association between ultrasound findings and serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor in ampullary pregnancy. Fertil Steril 2015; 103:734-7. [PMID: 25577466 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.12.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the association between ultrasound images and serum concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in ampullary pregnancies. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING University hospital. PATIENT(S) Fifty patients with ampullary pregnancy. INTERVENTION(S) Criteria for inclusion in the study were: singleton pregnancy from spontaneous conception; diagnosis of tubal pregnancy in the ampullary region; radical surgical treatment (salpingectomy); and measurement of serum VEGF, human chorionic gonadotropin, and progesterone on the day of surgery. An additional criterion was description of an ectopic mass by transvaginal ultrasound, as follows: [1] ectopic gestational sac containing an embryo with cardiac activity; and [2] tubal ring: a paraovarian formation similar to a gestational sac, not containing a viable embryo (an anechoic structure surrounded by a peripheral hyperechogenic halo); an empty ectopic gestational sac; a sac containing an embryo without cardiac activity; or a vitelline vesicle. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Association between ultrasound images and serum concentrations of VEGF. RESULT(S) An association was found between ultrasonographic images and VEGF serum concentrations. Ectopic embryos with cardiac activity were associated with higher levels of serum VEGF. CONCLUSION(S) In ampullary pregnancy, higher serum levels of VEGF are associated with the finding of an embryo with cardiac activity on transvaginal ultrasound. Greater production of VEGF likely creates development conditions more conducive to ectopic embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Roberto Cabar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Pedro Paulo Pereira
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Regina Schultz
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Zugaib
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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20
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Sahin L, Bozkurt M, Celik O, Çelik N, Aydin S, Gencdal S. Serum salusins levels are increased and correlated positively with cyst size in ovarian endometrioma. Gynecol Endocrinol 2015; 31:639-42. [PMID: 26008602 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2015.1029446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to evaluate plasma concentrations of salusin-α and salusin-β levels in women with endometrioma and non-endometriotic benign ovarian cysts. METHOD Endometrioma patients (n = 14), non-endometriotic ovarian cysts (n = 14), and age-matched normal healthy fertile subjects (n = 14) participated in this study. Plasma salusin-α and salusin-β levels at the time of mid-luteal phase before and 3 months after L/S cystectomy were measured using ELISA and EIA tests, and their relation with demographic parameters was also assessed. RESULTS The mean salusin-α and salusin-β levels were significantly higher in women with endometrioma before the removal of cyst compared with cases with non-endometriotic cyst and fertile cases. Surgical removal of the endometrioma decreased the mean salusin-α and salusin-β levels to the level of those with non-endometriotic cyst before and after the cystectomy and fertile women, in both unilateral and bilateral endometrioma cases. Plasma salusin-β concentrations were found to be positively correlated with age, size of cyst, bilaterality, and salusin-α levels. Salusin-β values showed no correlations to BMI and size of the ovarian cysts. CONCLUSIONS Plasma salusin-α and salusin-β levels are increased in endometrioma patients and positively correlated with endometrioma size. Laparoscopic removal of the endometrioma by stripping technique decreases the salusin levels to a similar level of fertile women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levent Sahin
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Kafkas University School of Medicine , Kars , Turkey
| | - Murat Bozkurt
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Kafkas University School of Medicine , Kars , Turkey
| | - Onder Celik
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Inonu University School of Medicine , Malatya , Turkey
| | - Nilüfer Çelik
- c Department of Biochemistry , Behcet Uz Children Hospital , Izmir , Turkey , and
| | - Suleyman Aydin
- d Department of Biochemistry , Firat University School of Medicine , Elazig , Turkey
| | - Servet Gencdal
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Kafkas University School of Medicine , Kars , Turkey
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21
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Blois SM, Conrad ML, Freitag N, Barrientos G. Galectins in angiogenesis: consequences for gestation. J Reprod Immunol 2014; 108:33-41. [PMID: 25622880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Members of the galectin family have been shown to exert several roles in the context of reproduction. They contribute to placentation, maternal immune regulation and facilitate angiogenesis encompassing decidualisation and placenta formation during pregnancy. In the context of neo-vascularisation, galectins have been shown to augment signalling pathways that lead to endothelial cell activation, cell proliferation, migration and tube formation in vitro in addition to angiogenesis in vivo. Angiogenesis during gestation ensures not only proper foetal growth and development, but also maternal health. Consequently, restriction of placental blood flow has major consequences for both foetus and mother, leading to pregnancy diseases. In this review we summarise both the established and the emerging roles of galectin in angiogenesis and discuss the possible implications during healthy and pathological gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Blois
- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité-Center 12 Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Psychosomatik, Reproductive Medicine Research Group, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Melanie L Conrad
- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité-Center 12 Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Psychosomatik, Reproductive Medicine Research Group, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nancy Freitag
- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité-Center 12 Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Psychosomatik, Reproductive Medicine Research Group, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriela Barrientos
- Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental, Hospital Alemán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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22
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The interplay between glucose and fatty acids on tube formation and fatty acid uptake in the first trimester trophoblast cells, HTR8/SVneo. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 401:11-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2287-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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23
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Venditti CC, Smith GN. Involvement of the Heme Oxygenase System in the Development of Preeclampsia and as a Possible Therapeutic Target. WOMENS HEALTH 2014; 10:623-43. [DOI: 10.2217/whe.14.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme heme oxygenase (HO) is an important regulatory molecule present in most nucleated mammalian cells which functions to break down the pro-oxidant molecule heme into three products, carbon monoxide (CO), biliverdin and free iron. The HO system has been associated with many physiologic functions, including vascular tone, regulation of inflammation and apoptosis, angiogenesis and antioxidant capabilities. Deficiencies in HO are associated with several pregnancy disorders, including preeclampsia. With no present cure, this disorder continues to affect 5–7% of all pregnancies worldwide, leading to maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Researchers continue to strive for therapeutic potentials and this review will outline the possible use of the HO/CO system as a target treatment/prevention of preeclampsia in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina C Venditti
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Graeme N Smith
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Queen's University, Kingston General Hospital, 76 Stuart Street, Kingston K7L 2V7, Canada
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Hong F, Li Y, Xu Y. Decreased placental miR-126 expression and vascular endothelial growth factor levels in patients with pre-eclampsia. J Int Med Res 2014; 42:1243-51. [PMID: 25341970 DOI: 10.1177/0300060514540627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To detect microRNA (miR)-126 expression and its correlation with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in placentas from patients with pre-eclampsia compared with those from normotensive pregnancies. METHODS miR-126 expression, and VEGF mRNA and protein levels, in placentas collected sequentially from patients with pre-eclampsia and normotensive pregnancies were measured using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, respectively. The relationship between miR-126 and VEGF expression was analysed statistically. The regulatory effect of miR-126 on VEGF expression in human placental choriocarcinoma (BeWo) cells in vitro was also investigated. RESULTS miR-126 expression was decreased, and VEGF mRNA and protein levels were significantly lower, in placentas from patients with pre-eclampsia (n = 115) compared with placentas from normotensive pregnancies (n = 115). A positive correlation was found between VEGF mRNA and miR-126 expression (r = 0.79). In addition, miR-126 overexpression significantly upregulated VEGF expression in BeWo cells, whereas miR-126 downregulation decreased VEGF expression. CONCLUSIONS miR-126 was downregulated in placentas from patients with pre-eclampsia and this correlated with decreased VEGF expression. These findings indicate that miRNA-126 may be involved in pre-eclampsia pathogenesis and could be a potential biomarker for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanzhen Hong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuyang Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yongping Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Jeong W, Kim J, Bazer FW, Song G. Stimulatory Effect of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor on Proliferation and Migration of Porcine Trophectoderm Cells and Their Regulation by the Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase-AKT and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Cell Signaling Pathways. Biol Reprod 2014; 90:50. [PMID: 24451985 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.115873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a potent stimulator for angiogenesis, is likely to regulate implantation by stimulating endometrial angiogenesis and vascular permeability. In addition to known angiogenetic effects, VEGF has been suggested to participate in development of the early embryo as a mediator of fetal-maternal dialogue. Current studies have determined VEGF in terms of its role in endometrial vascular events, but VEGF-induced effects on the peri-implantation conceptus (embryo and extraembryonic membranes) remains unknown. In the present study, endometrial VEGF, VEGF receptor-1 (VEGFR-1), and VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) mRNAs increased significantly during the peri-implantation period of pregnancy as compared to the estrous cycle. Expression of VEGF, VEGFR-1, and VEGFR-2 mRNAs was abundant in endometrial luminal and glandular epithelia, endothelial blood vessels, and scattered cells in the stroma and conceptus trophectoderm. In addition, porcine trophectoderm (pTr) cells treated with VEGF exhibited increased abundance of phosphorylated (p)-AKT1, p-ERK1/2, p-p70RSK, p-RPS6, and p-4EBP1 in a time-dependent manner. The addition of U0126, an inhibitor of ERK1/2, inhibited VEGF-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation, but AKT1 phosphorylation was not affected. The addition of LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, decreased VEGF-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and AKT1. Furthermore, VEGF significantly stimulated proliferation and migration of pTr cells, but these effects were blocked by SB203580, U0126, rapamycin, and LY294002, which inhibit p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, mTOR, and PI3K, respectively. These results suggest that VEGF is critical to successful growth and development of pTr during early pregnancy and that VEGF-induced stimulatory effect is coordinately regulated by multiple cell signaling pathways, including PI3K-AKT1 and MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wooyoung Jeong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kawano Y, Utsunomiya-Kai Y, Kai K, Miyakawa I, Ohshiro T, Narahara H. The production of VEGF involving MAP kinase activation by low level laser therapy in human granulosa cells. Laser Ther 2014; 21:269-74. [PMID: 24511196 DOI: 10.5978/islsm.12-or-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The function of granulosa cells is regulated by various hormones and growth factors. Our aim is to clarify the regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production via mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) induced by low level laser therapy (LLLT) in human granulosa cells. METHODS A human granulosa cell line, KGN cells, were cultured and incubated after LLLT (60mW, GaAlAs 830nm). The levels of VEGF in the culture media were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The activation of MAP kinase in KGN cells was detected by western blot analysis. RESULTS VEGF production was significantly increased by LLLT in a time-dependent manner. MAP kinase activity was increased by LLLT. In addition it was enhanced by LLLT and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulation. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that VEGF is induced by LLLT through mechanisms involving MAPK. The increase in VEGF may contribute to neovascularization, which in turn would promote various ovulation phenomena as well as follicular growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Kawano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Yufuko Utsunomiya-Kai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Isao Miyakawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Toshio Ohshiro
- Japan Medical Laser Laboratory, Shinano-machi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Narahara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
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The effect of gestational age on angiogenic gene expression in the rat placenta. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83762. [PMID: 24391823 PMCID: PMC3877080 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The placenta plays a central role in determining the outcome of pregnancy. It undergoes changes during gestation as the fetus develops and as demands for energy substrate transfer and gas exchange increase. The molecular mechanisms that coordinate these changes have yet to be fully elucidated. The study performed a large scale screen of the transcriptome of the rat placenta throughout mid-late gestation (E14.25–E20) with emphasis on characterizing gestational age associated changes in the expression of genes invoved in angiogenic pathways. Sprague Dawley dams were sacrificed at E14.25, E15.25, E17.25 and E20 (n = 6 per group) and RNA was isolated from one placenta per dam. Changes in placental gene expression were identifed using Illumina Rat Ref-12 Expression BeadChip Microarrays. Differentially expressed genes (>2-fold change, <1% false discovery rate, FDR) were functionally categorised by gene ontology pathway analysis. A subset of differentially expressed genes identified by microarrays were confirmed using Real-Time qPCR. The expression of thirty one genes involved in the angiogenic pathway was shown to change over time, using microarray analysis (22 genes displayed increased and 9 gene decreased expression). Five genes (4 up regulated: Cd36, Mmp14, Rhob and Angpt4 and 1 down regulated: Foxm1) involved in angiogenesis and blood vessel morphogenesis were subjected to further validation. qPCR confirmed late gestational increased expression of Cd36, Mmp14, Rhob and Angpt4 and a decrease in expression of Foxm1 before labour onset (P<0.0001). The observed acute, pre-labour changes in the expression of the 31 genes during gestation warrant further investigation to elucidate their role in pregnancy.
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Abstract
PURPOSE Ectopic pregnancy (EP) presents a major health problem for women of child-bearing age. EP refers to the pregnancy occurring outside the uterine cavity that constitutes 1.2-1.4 % of all reported pregnancies. All identified risk factors are maternal: pelvic inflammatory disease, Chlamydia trachomatis infection, smoking, tubal surgery, induced conception cycle, and endometriosis. These developments have provided the atmosphere for trials using methotrexate as a non-surgical treatment for EP. The diagnosis measure of EP is serum human chorionic gonadotropin, urinary hCGRP/i-hCG, progesterone measurement, transvaginal ultrasound scan, computed tomography, vascular endothelial growth factor, CK, disintegrin and metalloprotease-12 and hysterosalpingography. The treatment option of EP involves surgical treatment by laparotomy or laparoscopy, medical treatment is usually systemic or through local route, or by expectant treatment. RESULTS It was concluded that review data reflect a decrease in surgical treatment and not an actual decline in EP occurrence so that further new avenues are needed to explore early detection of the EP.
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Weintraub AY, Amash A, Eshkoli T, Piltcher Haber E, Bronfenmacher B, Sheiner E, Holcberg G, Huleihel M. The effects of magnesium sulfate on placental vascular endothelial growth factor expression in preeclampsia. Hypertens Pregnancy 2013; 32:178-88. [DOI: 10.3109/10641955.2013.784787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Sundrani DP, Reddy US, Joshi AA, Mehendale SS, Chavan-Gautam PM, Hardikar AA, Chandak GR, Joshi SR. Differential placental methylation and expression of VEGF, FLT-1 and KDR genes in human term and preterm preeclampsia. Clin Epigenetics 2013; 5:6. [PMID: 23621880 PMCID: PMC3640948 DOI: 10.1186/1868-7083-5-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preeclampsia, a pregnancy complication of placental origin is associated with altered expression of angiogenic factors and their receptors. Recently, there is considerable interest in understanding the role of adverse intrauterine conditions in placental dysfunction and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Since we have observed changes in placental global DNA methylation levels in preeclampsia, this study was undertaken to examine gene promoter CpG methylation and expression of several angiogenic genes. We recruited 139 women comprising, 46 normotensive women with term delivery (≥37 weeks), 45 women with preeclampsia delivering preterm (<37 weeks) and 48 women with preeclampsia delivering at term. Expression levels and promoter CpG methylation of VEGF, FLT-1 and KDR genes in placentae from respective groups were determined by Taqman-based quantitative real time PCR and by the Sequenom® EpiTYPER™ technology respectively. Results We observed several differentially methylated CpG sites in the promoter regions of VEGF, FLT-1 and KDR between the normotensive and preeclampsia groups. We specifically observed hypomethylated CpGs in the promoter region and an increased expression of VEGF gene between term and preterm preeclampsia. However, mean promoter CpG methylation could not account for the higher expression of FLT-1 and KDR in preterm preeclampsia as compared to normotensive group. Conclusions Our data indicates altered DNA methylation patterns in the VEGF, FLT-1 and KDR genes in preeclampsia as compared to the normotensive group, which could be involved in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. Hypomethylation of VEGF promoter and consequent upregulation of VEGF mRNA levels could be a compensatory mechanism to restore normal angiogenesis and blood flow in preterm preeclampsia. This study suggests a role of altered DNA methylation in placental angiogenesis and in determining adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepali P Sundrani
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Umakar S Reddy
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Asmita A Joshi
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Savita S Mehendale
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bharati Medical College and Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Preeti M Chavan-Gautam
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Anandwardhan A Hardikar
- Diabetes and Islet-biology Group, NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Giriraj R Chandak
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Sadhana R Joshi
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, 411043, India
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Placental angiogenin inhibitor (ribonuclease inhibitor), a novel gene in pre-eclampsia. Pregnancy Hypertens 2013; 3:39-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Shaw JLV, Horne AW. The paracrinology of tubal ectopic pregnancy. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 358:216-22. [PMID: 21827822 PMCID: PMC3276879 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
As part of successful human reproduction, the Fallopian tube must provide a suitable environment for pre-implantation development of the embryo and for efficient transport of the embryo to the uterus for implantation. These functions are coordinated by paracrine interactions between tubal epithelial, smooth muscle and immune cells and the cells of the developing embryo. Alterations in these signals can lead to a tubal microenvironment encouraging of embryo implantation and to dysregulated tubal motility, ultimately resulting in inappropriate and early implantation of the embryo in the Fallopian tube. Here, we highlight novel and emerging concepts in tubal physiology and pathobiology, such as the induction of a receptive phenotype within the Fallopian tube, leading to ectopic implantation. Chlamydia trachomatis infection is a risk factor for tubal ectopic pregnancy. Activation of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2) in the Fallopian tube epithelium, by C. trachomatis has recently been demonstrated, leading to the dysregulation of factors involved in implantation and smooth muscle contractility, such as prokineticins (PROK), activin A and interleukin 1 (IL-1). The Fallopian tube has also recently been shown to harbour a unique population of immune cells, compared to the endometrium. In addition, the complement of immune cells in the Fallopian tube has been reported to be altered in Fallopian tube from women with ectopic pregnancy. There are increasing data suggesting that vascularisation of the Fallopian tube, by the embryo during ectopic pregnancy, differs from that initiated in the uterus during normal pregnancy. This too, is likely the result of paracrine signals between the embryo and the tubal microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie L. V. Shaw
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A8
| | - Andrew W. Horne
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, EH16 4TJ
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Zhou B, Wu G, An Y, He X, Teng L. The effect of continuous elastic outside distraction on the expressions of vascular endothelial cell growth factor and microvessel density in female porcine nipple. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2012; 36:723-31. [PMID: 22190139 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-011-9851-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have proposed a method to correct the inverted nipple with good clinical results. The aim of the study presented here is to show the effect of continuous elastic distraction on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and microvessel density in the female porcine nipple. This article also explores the probable mechanism correction of inverted nipples. METHODS Four female 3-month-old pigs each with 12 nipples were used. Four nipples of each minipig were used as control with the other eight nipples continuously distracted with prefabricated instruments. The nipples were excised at weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12 after distraction. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to observe the expression of vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) and CD34 in those tissues. The integral optical density of VEGF-positive cells and microvessel density (MVD) were also counted. RESULTS The volumes of the nipples all increased after traction compared with those of the control group. The diameters and heights of the nipples showed significant changes (P<0.01). In immunohistochemical staining, the expressions of VEGF and CD34 of all distracted groups were positive. The staining intensity of traction groups was moderate and that of the control groups was weakly positive. The integral optical density of VEGF-positive cells and MVD compared with the control group were significantly different (P<0.01), and there was a significant positive correlation in MVD and VEGF. CONCLUSION Continuous elastic distraction can promote the expression of some growth factors in nipples.
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Duttaroy AK, Basak S. Docosahexaenoic acid and angiogenesis: a role in early placentation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.12.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Morotti M, Valenzano Menada M, Venturini PL, Ferrero S. Bevacizumab in endometrial cancer treatment. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2012; 12:649-58. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2012.672558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Krikun G. Endometriosis, angiogenesis and tissue factor. SCIENTIFICA 2012; 2012:306830. [PMID: 24278684 PMCID: PMC3820463 DOI: 10.6064/2012/306830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF), is a cellular receptor that binds the factor VII/VIIa to initiate the blood coagulation cascade. In addition to its role as the initiator of the hemostatic cascade, TF is known to be involved in angiogenesis via intracellular signaling that utilizes the protease activated receptor-2 (PAR-2). We now review the physiologic expression of TF in the endometrium and its altered expression in multiple cell types derived from eutopic and ectopic endometrium from women with endometriosis compared with normal endometrium. Our findings suggest that TF might be an ideal target for therapeutic intervention in endometriosis. We have employed a novel immunoconjugate molecule known as Icon and were able to eradicate endometrial lesions in a mouse model of endometriosis without affecting fertility. These findings have major implications for potential treatment in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela Krikun
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- *Graciela Krikun:
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Karakida S, Kawano Y, Utsunomiya Y, Furukawa Y, Sasaki T, Narahara H. Effect of heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor and amphiregulin on the MAP kinase-induced production of vascular endothelial growth factor by human granulosa cells. Growth Factors 2011; 29:271-7. [PMID: 21854110 DOI: 10.3109/08977194.2011.607136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The function of granulosa cells is regulated by various hormones and growth factors. Our aim is to clarify the regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production induced by heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) and amphiregulin (AR) in a human granulosa cell line, KGN. KGN cells were cultured and incubated for 24 h with HB-EGF and AR. The levels of VEGF in the culture media were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The activation of MAP kinase in KGN cells was detected by Western blot analysis. VEGF production was significantly increased by HB-EGF or AR alone in a dose-dependent manner, whereas it was decreased by AG1478 or U0126. The MAP kinase activity was increased by treatment with HB-EGF or AR. The results suggested that VEGF is induced by HB-EGF and AR through mechanisms involving MAP kinase. The increase in VEGF may contribute to neovascularization, which in turn would promote various ovulation phenomena as well as follicular growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinya Karakida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oita University, Japan
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Abstract
The formation of the vascular network is an intricate and complex process that is an obligate requirement during vertebrate development. The cardiovascular system is the first organ to develop and reach a functional state, which underscores the crucial role of the vasculature in the developing embryo. The development of the vasculature into highly branched conduits needs to occur in numerous sites and in precise patterns to supply oxygen and nutrients to the rapidly expanding tissue of the embryo. This process is mediated by the coordinated response of vascular endothelial and mural cells to the heterogeneous angiogenic cues provided by tissues and organs, whereas aberrant regulation and coordination of angiogenic signals during development result in lethality, impaired organ development, or disease states. This article reviews the essential signaling pathways required for establishment of the vertebrate vasculature with a major focus on a key regulatory factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). We also discuss current knowledge of physiological angiogenic processes as well as their disruptions in pathological processes, particularly tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia S Chung
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
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Taylor HS, Osteen KG, Bruner-Tran KL, Lockwood CJ, Krikun G, Sokalska A, Duleba AJ. Novel therapies targeting endometriosis. Reprod Sci 2011; 18:814-23. [PMID: 21693775 DOI: 10.1177/1933719111410713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is an often painful disorder in which the endometrial glands and stroma grow outside the uterus. The disease affects women's quality of life and is a common cause of infertility. In this review, we describe promising new developments in the field based on in vitro assays and rodent models, each of which has the potential to be beneficial in the treatment of this disease. We will specifically describe the role of anti-inflammatory drugs, selective estrogen, or progesterone modulators, statins, antiangiogenic agents, and the potential for targeting stem cells as likely methods to hone in and eliminate endometriosis. The most promising of these potential therapies are currently slated for further testing in both rodent and nonhuman primate trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh S Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Chen W, Lu Y, Gao M, Wu J, Wang A, Shi R. Anti-angiogenesis effect of essential oil from Curcuma zedoaria in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 133:220-6. [PMID: 20920565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Revised: 09/19/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Curcuma zedoaria (Berg.) Rosc., a traditional Chinese herb, was used widely but absolutely prohibited for the pregnant in clinic. Based on that there is abundant angiogenesis in endometrium and placenta during gestation period, we hypothesized that some components from it could inhibit angiogenesis and then damaged the supply of oxygen and nutrition to the embryo, which finally led to gestation failure. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was set to demonstrate whether essential oil, major components of Curcuma zedoaria had anti-angiogenic effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS Essential oil of Curcuma zedoaria (EO-CZ) was abstracted by steam distillation extraction. Cell proliferation assay and two angiogenic models, rat aortic ring assay and chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay were presented. Furthermore, melanoma growth and experimental lung metastasis assay in mice were performed to evaluate its anti-angiogenesis effect in vivo. Immunohistochemical analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to respectively detect the expression of CD34 and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). RESULTS EO-CZ exhibited anti-proliferative effect on B16BL6 and SMMC-7721 cells, the IC(50), respectively was 41.8 μg/ml and 30.7 μg/ml, and on HUVEC (Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells) cells with IC(50) of far more than 120 μg/ml. Both 20 μg/ml and 40 μg/ml EO-CZ indicated significant suppression on sprouting vessels of aortic ring and formation of microvessels in chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane in vitro. Moreover, solid melanoma grown in left oxter of mice was obviously inhibited after oral intake of 100 and 200 mg/kg of EO-CZ a day for 28 days, and CD34 expression indicating angiogenesis in melanoma reduced significantly compared with control; melanoma metastatic nodules in lung were detected to be inhibited, as well as MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression in serum. CONCLUSIONS Essential oil, a fat-soluble fraction of Curcuma zedoaria, presented anti-angiogenic activity in vitro and in vivo, resulting in suppressing melanoma growth and lung metastasis. And this was associated with down-regulating MMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxing Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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Cabar FR, Pereira PP, Schultz R, Francisco RP, Zugaib M. Vascular endothelial growth factor and β-human chorionic gonadotropin are associated with trophoblastic invasion into the tubal wall in ectopic pregnancy. Fertil Steril 2010; 94:1595-600. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2009] [Revised: 10/15/2009] [Accepted: 10/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Demir R, Yaba A, Huppertz B. Vasculogenesis and angiogenesis in the endometrium during menstrual cycle and implantation. Acta Histochem 2010; 112:203-14. [PMID: 19481785 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2009.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2009] [Revised: 03/26/2009] [Accepted: 04/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Blood vessels develop via two subsequent processes, vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, both being of crucial importance during menstrual cycle and implantation. These processes are also involved in the development of the fetal and placental vasculatures. During vasculogenesis, formation of the earliest primitive capillaries is achieved by in situ differentiation of hemangiogenic stem cells that are derived from pluripotent mesenchymal cells. The subsequent process, angiogenesis, is characterized by development of new vessels from already existing vessels, and is a well coordinated process initiated by stimulation of various growth factors. Vasculogenesis and angiogenesis are important and complex processes involving extensive interplay between cells and growth factors. The development, maturation and maintenance of the vascular network are necessary for successful hemochorial placentation as well as normal embryonic development and growth. In this review, we outline the basic mechanisms of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis in the endometrium during the menstrual cycle and different stages of implantation, and consider how this data can be applied to human pregnancy. Recent studies have shown that during the initiation steps of implantation, angiogenic factors trigger vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Different inducers and stimulators affect angiogenesis and vasculogenesis by directly or indirectly stimulating proliferation, differentiation and migration of endothelial or respective precursor cells. As a conclusion, understanding the mechanisms of angiogenesis and the roles of angiogenic factors during the menstrual cycle and implantation may provide new insights and possible approaches for embryo implantation and healthy pregnancy.
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Expression of VEGF receptors VEFGR-1 and VEGFR-2, angiopoietin receptors Tie-1 and Tie-2 in chorionic villi tree during early pregnancy. Folia Histochem Cytobiol 2010; 47:435-45. [DOI: 10.2478/v10042-009-0100-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Elito J, Daher S, Fernandes da Silva MO, Marconi NMH, Pendeloski KPT, Moron AF, Camano L. Association study of vascular endothelial growth factor and polymorphisms of its gene with ectopic pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol 2009; 63:120-5. [PMID: 20015329 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2009.00769.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM In ectopic pregnancy, increased levels of vascular endothelial growth factor are present. The aims of this study were to determine the association between -634C/G, -460T/C, and +936C/T vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) polymorphisms and ectopic pregnancy, and to determine whether serum levels of VEGF were affected by genetic factors. METHOD of study This is a case-control study wherein 74 women with a history of ectopic pregnancy in a tertiary care center were compared to 134 post-menopausal controls with two pregnancies and no ectopic pregnancy for the genotyping of VEGF polymorphisms. For 35 patients with the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy, serum concentrations of VEGF were obtained before the treatment. Genotyping of VEGF (-634C/G, -460T/C, and +936C/T) polymorphisms was performed by PCR, followed by endonuclease digestion. ELISA was performed to evaluate the VEGF serum levels. RESULTS The -634C/G, -460T/C, and +936C/T VEGF polymorphisms were not associated with ectopic pregnancy (P = 0.170, P = 0.285, and P = 0.700, respectively). The serum levels of VEGF were not associated with the genotype of -634C/G, -460T/C, and +936C/T VEGF polymorphisms (P = 0.702; P = 0.347, and P = 0.256, respectively). CONCLUSION There was no association between ectopic pregnancy and -634C/G, -460T/C, and +936C/T VEGF polymorphisms. There was no correlation between VEGF genotype and the expression of VEGF in blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Elito
- Department of Obstetrics of the Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Ugurlu EN, Ozaksit G, Karaer A, Zulfikaroglu E, Atalay A, Ugur M. The value of vascular endothelial growth factor, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A, and progesterone for early differentiation of ectopic pregnancies, normal intrauterine pregnancies, and spontaneous miscarriages. Fertil Steril 2009; 91:1657-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2007] [Revised: 02/04/2008] [Accepted: 02/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lockwood CJ, Krikun G, Hickey M, Huang SJ, Schatz F. Decidualized human endometrial stromal cells mediate hemostasis, angiogenesis, and abnormal uterine bleeding. Reprod Sci 2009; 16:162-70. [PMID: 19208784 DOI: 10.1177/1933719108325758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Factor VII binds trans-membrane tissue factor to initiate hemostasis by forming thrombin. Tissue factor expression is enhanced in decidualized human endometrial stromal cells during the luteal phase. Long-term progestin only contraceptives elicit: 1) abnormal uterine bleeding from fragile vessels at focal bleeding sites, 2) paradoxically high tissue factor expression at bleeding sites; 3) reduced endometrial blood flow promoting local hypoxia and enhancing reactive oxygen species levels; and 4) aberrant angiogenesis reflecting increased stromal cell-expressed vascular endothelial growth factor, decreased Angiopoietin-1 and increased endothelial cell-expressed Angiopoietin-2. Aberrantly high local vascular permeability enhances circulating factor VII to decidualized stromal cell-expressed tissue factor to generate excess thrombin. Hypoxia-thrombin interactions augment expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-8 by stromal cells. Thrombin, vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-8 synergistically augment angiogenesis in a milieu of reactive oxygen species-induced endothelial cell activation. The resulting enhanced vessel fragility promotes abnormal uterine bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Lockwood
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α (HIF-1α), and Microvessel Density in Endometrial Tissue in Women With Adenomyosis. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2009; 28:157-63. [DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0b013e318182c2be] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Furukawa Y, Kawano Y, Fukuda J, Matsumoto H, Narahara H. The production of vascular endothelial growth factor and metalloproteinase via protease-activated receptor in human endometrial stromal cells. Fertil Steril 2009; 91:535-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.11.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2007] [Revised: 11/26/2007] [Accepted: 11/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Marini M, Vichi D, Toscano A, Thyrion GDZ, Bonaccini L, Parretti E, Gheri G, Pacini A, Sgambati E. Effect of impaired glucose tolerance during pregnancy on the expression of VEGF receptors in human placenta. Reprod Fertil Dev 2008; 20:789-801. [PMID: 18842181 DOI: 10.1071/rd08032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2008] [Accepted: 06/02/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 in placentas from pregnancies complicated by altered glycaemia. Placentas from women with physiological pregnancies (Group 1), pregnancies complicated by minor degree of glucose intolerance (MDGI, Group 2) and by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) treated with insulin (Group 3) were collected. Immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR and western blot were employed to evaluate receptor expression. In the three study groups, VEGFR-1 immunoreactivity was detected in all the placental components. VEGFR-2 immunoreactivity was observed in the vessels of all the placentas from Groups 1 and 2, but only in some placentas of Group 3. VEGFR-3 reactivity was observed in all the components of Group 1; in Groups 2 and 3 reactivity was observed in some portions of the trophoblast or the whole trophoblast, and in the stroma. VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 mRNA levels in Groups 2 and 3 were significantly higher compared with Group 1, whereas those of VEGFR-3 were significantly lower. Receptor protein levels were significantly lower in Groups 2 and 3 compared with Group 1. These findings demonstrated dysregulation of expression of the three placental receptors, both in GDM and in MDGI.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Marini
- Department of Anatomy Histology and Forensic Medicine, University of Florence, Policlinic of Careggi, Viale Morgagni, 85, 50134, Florence, Italy
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Cabar FR, Fettback PB, Pereira PP, Zugaib M. Serum markers in the diagnosis of tubal pregnancy. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2008; 63:701-8. [PMID: 18925333 PMCID: PMC2664731 DOI: 10.1590/s1807-59322008000500021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2008] [Accepted: 07/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of highly sensitive methods, such as transvaginal sonography and measurement of serum b-human chorionic gonadotropin, has dramatically improved ectopic pregnancy diagnosis in recent years. Early diagnosis is the key to successful and conservative management of women with ectopic pregnancy; however, approximately 50 percent of such women are initially misdiagnosed, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. In order to improve diagnosis, several serum markers are being investigated including progesterone, CA 125, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A, vascular endothelial growth factor, and maternal creatine kinase. Measurement of serum vascular endothelial growth factor, alone or together with other markers, could be a promising method for earlier and more accurate differential diagnosis. However, the clinical applicability of these findings remains to be evaluated in larger prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Roberto Cabar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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