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Koçak Şahin T, Ünal M. Comparison of push-out bond strength and apical microleakage of different calcium silicate-based cements after using EDTA, chitosan and phytic acid irrigations. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:2072-2081. [PMID: 38661299 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
This research was aimed to evaluate push-out bond strength and apical-microleakage after application of three different calcium silicate-based cements with irrigation solutions on simulated immature teeth. 40 maxillary permanent canine teeth were used for push-out bond strength test, and 120 maxillary permanent incisors were used for microleakage evaluation. 120 root slices were divided into four main groups (EDTA, Chitosan, Phytic acid, and Saline) and immersed these solutiouns according to irrigation procedures. Each irrigation group was divided into 3 subgroups (Biodentine, MTA Repair HP, and NeoPUTTY). The prepared teeth were divided into four groups according to irrigation procedure for microleakage test. EDTA irrigation with Biodentine group showed highest push-out bond strength value and saline group with Neoputty showed the lowest push-out bond strength value. The highest microleakage value was seen in saline group with MTA Repair HP, while the lowest microleakage value was observed chitosan with Biodentine group. Chitosan and phytic acid solutions can be recommended as an alternative irrigation solution to 17% EDTA in single-session apexification treatment, since they are non-toxic, naturally occurring materials, effectively remove the smear layer, and have a positive effect on bond strength and apical leakage. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: One of the factors affecting the long-term success of root canal treatment is a hermetic seal. Non-hermetic or inadequate filling triggers a chronic inflammatory reaction in periapical tissues, causing fluids to enter the spaces and negatively affecting the success of the treatment. Therefore, this study will help clinicians choose the right biomaterial and irrigation solution that will affect the success of root canal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tutku Koçak Şahin
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Murat Ünal
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
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Bassir L, Taravati S, Nouri F, Rahimi S. The effect of different intracanal irrigants on the push-out bond strength of dentin in damaged anterior primary teeth. J Med Life 2024; 17:536-542. [PMID: 39144693 PMCID: PMC11320612 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2024-0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
This experimental study investigated the effect of different intracanal irrigants on the push-out bond strength of dentin in damaged anterior primary teeth. The crowns of 90 anterior primary teeth were sectioned horizontally, 1 mm above the cementoenamel junction (CEJ). Following canal preparation with K-files, all groups except the negative control received normal saline irrigation. Canals were then irrigated with either 3% or 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2% or 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX) solution (except negative and positive controls). The roots were filled with Metapex material and covered with a calcium hydroxide liner. In root canals, the bond was applied by self-etching and then light-cured for 20 seconds before canals were restored incrementally with composite. Stereomicroscopes were used to assess failure patterns. Push-out bond strengths (MPa ± SD) were: 3% NaOCl (16.92 ± 5.78), 5.25% NaOCl (8.96 ± 3.55), 2% CHX (14.76 ± 5.56), and 0.2% CHX (7.76 ± 2.93). Significant differences were seen across the irrigants regarding the push-out bond strength of dentin sections (P <0.001). The most frequent failures were adhesive and cohesive. NaOCl and CHX irrigants increased the push-out bond strength compared to controls. Compared to controls, both 3% NaOCl and 2% CHX irrigants significantly increased the push-out bond strength of dentin in non-vital anterior primary teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Bassir
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Shirin Taravati
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Farzad Nouri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Saeide Rahimi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Majeed R, Elnawawy HM, Kutty MG, Yahya NA, Azami NH, Abu Kasim NH, Nabhan MS, Cooper PR, Camilleri J, Ahmed HMA. Physicochemical, mechanical and biological properties of nano-calcium silicate-based cements: a systematic review. Odontology 2023; 111:759-776. [PMID: 36864211 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00786-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review evaluated the effects of nano-sized cement particles on the properties of calcium silicate-based cements (CSCs). Using defined keywords, a literature search was conducted to identify studies that investigated properties of nano-calcium silicate-based cements (NCSCs). A total of 17 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Results indicated that NCSC formulations have favourable physical (setting time, pH and solubility), mechanical (push out bond strength, compressive strength and indentation hardness) and biological (bone regeneration and foreign body reaction) properties compared with commonly used CSCs. However, the characterization and verification for the nano-particle size of NCSCs were deficient in some studies. Furthermore, the nanosizing was not limited to the cement particles and a number of additives were present. In conclusion, the evidence available for the properties of CSC particles in the nano-range is deficient-such properties could be a result of additives which may have enhanced the properties of the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Majeed
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hoda Mohamed Elnawawy
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muralithran Govindan Kutty
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noor Azlin Yahya
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noor Hayati Azami
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Shady Nabhan
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Paul Roy Cooper
- Department of Oral Sciences, University of Otago, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Josette Camilleri
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Hany Mohamed Aly Ahmed
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Khullar L, Ballal NV, Eyüboğlu TF, Özcan M. Does radiation therapy affect adhesion of tricalcium silicate cements to root dentin? J Appl Oral Sci 2023; 31:e20230118. [PMID: 37729257 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2023-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to analyze the effect of irradiation on the push-out bond strength of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine to radicular dentin. METHODOLOGY A total of 60 extracted mature human teeth with single root canals were categorized into two groups (irradiated and non-irradiated) (n=30). Each group was further divided into two sub-groups based on cements used (Biodentine and MTA). Then, a cumulative radiation dose of 60 Gy was divided into 30 fractions (two Gy for every fraction) and administered for five successive days per week over six weeks. Obturation was then performed using MTA and Biodentine. Afterwards, 1.5 mm thick horizontal sections were procured from the middle one-third of all the specimens and then subjected to push-out bond test. Results were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance with post-hoc Tukey's test. RESULTS The bond strength of Biodentine and MTA to irradiated teeth was lower than non-irradiated teeth. Highest push-out bond strength was observed in non-irradiated specimens filled with Biodentine (p=0), followed by irradiated specimens filled with Biodentine (p=0); non-irradiated specimens filled with MTA (p=0); and irradiated specimens filled with MTA (p=0.9). CONCLUSION The push-out bond strength of Biodentine and MTA to root canal dentin decreased significantly post irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lochan Khullar
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Nidambur Vasudev Ballal
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Tan Fırat Eyüboğlu
- Istanbul Medipol University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Mutlu Özcan
- University of Zurich, Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, Director a.i. Clinic of Masticatory Disorders, Head Division of Dental Biomaterials, Zurich, Switzerland
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Glowacka-Sobotta A, Ziental D, Czarczynska-Goslinska B, Michalak M, Wysocki M, Güzel E, Sobotta L. Nanotechnology for Dentistry: Prospects and Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2130. [PMID: 37513141 PMCID: PMC10383982 DOI: 10.3390/nano13142130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
In the XXI century, application of nanostructures in oral medicine has become common. In oral medicine, using nanostructures for the treatment of dental caries constitutes a great challenge. There are extensive studies on the implementation of nanomaterials to dental composites in order to improve their properties, e.g., their adhesive strength. Moreover, nanostructures are helpful in dental implant applications as well as in maxillofacial surgery for accelerated healing, promoting osseointegration, and others. Dental personal care products are an important part of oral medicine where nanomaterials are increasingly used, e.g., toothpaste for hypersensitivity. Nowadays, nanoparticles such as macrocycles are used in different formulations for early cancer diagnosis in the oral area. Cancer of the oral cavity-human squamous carcinoma-is the sixth leading cause of death. Detection in the early stage offers the best chance at total cure. Along with diagnosis, macrocycles are used for photodynamic mechanism-based treatments, which possess many advantages, such as protecting healthy tissues and producing good cosmetic results. Application of nanostructures in medicine carries potential risks, like long-term influence of toxicity on body, which need to be studied further. The introduction and development of nanotechnologies and nanomaterials are no longer part of a hypothetical future, but an increasingly important element of today's medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arleta Glowacka-Sobotta
- Chair and Department of Orthodontics and Temporomandibular Disorders, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Daniel Ziental
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Beata Czarczynska-Goslinska
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Michalak
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcin Wysocki
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Emre Güzel
- Department of Engineering Fundamental Sciences, Sakarya University of Applied Sciences, 54050 Sakarya, Türkiye
- Biomedical Technologies Application and Research Center (BIYOTAM), Sakarya University of Applied Sciences, 54050 Sakarya, Türkiye
| | - Lukasz Sobotta
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
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Omar N, Abdelraouf RM, Hamdy TM. Effect of different root canal irrigants on push-out bond strength of two novel root-end filling materials. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:193. [PMID: 37009885 PMCID: PMC10068155 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02858-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate push-out bond strength of different root-end filling materials using various irrigant solutions. METHODS A push-out bond strength test was performed to evaluate the bond strength of two experimental root-end filling materials: namely, nano-hybrid mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) cement filled with 20% weight nano hydroxyapatite (nHA) fillers compared to conventional MTA. The irrigant solutions employed were sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in concentrations 1%, 2.5% and 5.25% and 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) followed by application of 17% ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA). A freshly extracted sixty single-rooted human maxillary central incisors were used. The crowns were removed, the canal apex was widened to simulate immature teeth. Each type of irrigation protocols was performed. After application and setting of the root-end filling materials, a slice of one mm thickness was cut transversely from the apical end of each root. Specimens were stored for 1 month in artificial saliva and were subjected to a push-out test to evaluate the shear bond strength. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey test. RESULTS The experimental nano-hybrid MTA showed the highest significant push-out bond strength values when irrigated by NaOCl at several concentrations (1%, 2.5% and 5.25%) (P< 0.05). Meanwhile, irrigation with 2% CHX resulted in highest bond strength values in nano-hybrid white MTA (18 MPa) and PMMA filled with 20% weight nHA (17.4 MPa) with nonsignificant difference between them (p = 0.25). In each root-end filling material, irrigation with 2% CHX led to the highest significant bond strength, followed by NaOCl 1%, while the least significant bond strength was produced after irrigation with NaOCl 2.5% and 5.25% (P< 0.05). CONCLUSION Considering the limitations of this study, it may be concluded that the application of 2% CXH and 17% EDTA provides superior push-out bond strength to root canal dentin compared with irrigation with NaOCl irrigants and 17% EDTA, experimental nano-hybrid MTA root-end filling material provides enhanced shear bond strength than conventional micron-sized MTA root-end filling material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Omar
- Restorative and Dental Materials Department, Oral and Dental Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Giza, Dokki, 12622, Egypt
| | - Rasha M Abdelraouf
- Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, 11553, Egypt
| | - Tamer M Hamdy
- Restorative and Dental Materials Department, Oral and Dental Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Giza, Dokki, 12622, Egypt.
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GERÇEKCİOĞLU ŞN, BAYRAM M, BAYRAM E. Kan kontaminasyonunun farklı kök ucu dolgu materyallerinin dentine bağlanma dayanımına etkisi. ACTA ODONTOLOGICA TURCICA 2023. [DOI: 10.17214/gaziaot.995648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Amaç: Bu in vitro çalışmanın amacı, kan kontaminasyonunun farklı kök ucu dolgu materyallerinin dentine bağlanma dayanımına etkisinin değerlendirilmesiydi.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmada tek köklü 90 adet maksiler santral diş kullanıldı. Dişlere endodontik tedavi uygulandıktan sonra kök uçları rezeke edildi ve kök ucu kaviteleri hazırlandı. Öncelikle örnekler, kavitelerin kanla kontaminasyonuna göre (+/-) 2 gruba ayrıldı. Daha sonra kök ucu dolgu malzemelerine göre üç alt gruba ayrıldı: MTA Repair HP, RetroMTA, MTA Flow (n=15). Bu malzemeler üreticinin talimatları doğrultusunda kaviteye yerleştirildi. Örnekler 21 gün boyunca 37 °C’de %100 nemli ortamda bekletildi. 1.0±0.1 mm kesitler elde edildikten sonra itme-bağlanma dayanımı testi gerçekleştirildi. Başarısızlık tipini değerlendirmek için her kesit stereomikroskop altında incelendi. Veriler tek yönlü varyans analizi ve bağımsız örneklem t-testi kullanılarak analiz edildi.
Bulgular: Bağlanma dayanımı, kan kontaminasyonunun varlığından önemli ölçüde olumsuz yönde etkilendi (p<0.05). En yüksek bağlanma dayanımı MTA Flow (-) grubunda, en düşük bağlanma dayanımı ise MTA Repair HP (+) grubunda gözlendi (p<0.05). Hem kanla kontamine olan grupta hem de kanla kontamine olmayan grupta MTA Repair HP en düşük bağlanma dayanımını gösterirken (p<0.001), MTA Flow ve RetroMTA arasında anlamlı farklılık bulunmadı (p>0.05).
Sonuç: Kan kontaminasyonu dentine bağlanma dayanımını azalttı. Materyaller arasında en yüksek bağlanma dayanımını MTA Flow gösterdi.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emre BAYRAM
- Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Diş Hek. Fak
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In Vitro Comparison of the Push-Out Bond Strength of RetroMTA, OrthoMTA, and ProRoot MTA. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN DENTAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.52547/jrdms.8.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
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Hamdy M, Elgendi H, Sharaan M. Push-Out Bond Strength and Dentinal Penetration of a Novel Herbal-Based Pulp Capping Agent: An In vitro Study. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.10691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pulp capping agents should have proper sealing effect to enhance dental pulp tissue healing.
Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of grape seed extract (GSE) and Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) to penetrate to dentin and their push-out bond strength at two time intervals (1 and 3 months) when used as pulp capping agents either singly or combined to each other.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 120 human single-rooted anterior teeth. Sixty dentin discs were randomly divided into three groups (n=20) based on the material used; MTA, GSE, and a combination of MTA and GSE. A universal testing machine was used to determine the push-out bond strength for one and three months. At the same time intervals, extra 60 teeth with the same groups were utilized to quantify the degree of capping material penetration within the dentinal tubules using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). ANOVA with multiple comparison Post hoc test was used to evaluate the data where the p value was < 0.05.
Results: MTA had the highest push-out bond strength and penetration depth measurement into dentinal tubules at one month, followed by MTA combined with GSE, while GSE had the lowest push-out bond strength and penetration depth measurement. Nevertheless, GSE had the greatest values in both tests at 3 months, followed by MTA, while MTA coupled with GSE had the lowest value in both tests.
Conclusion: Push out bond strength and dentinal penetration depth were improved with time except for the MTA group testing its dentinal penetration depth. GSE shows good push out bond strength and dentinal penetration depth.
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Mason J, Kirkpatrick T, Roberts HW. Dislodgement pushout resistance of five bioceramic root-end filling materials. Dent Mater J 2022; 41:843-849. [PMID: 35934803 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2022-058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the dislodgement push-out resistance of five bioceramic materials. One hundred single-rooted teeth with one canal had the apical 3 mm and crown resected to create a 14 mm standardized length. The canals were instrumented to an apical size 80 with a 3 mm root-end preparation made with ultrasonic diamonds. The prepared roots were randomly divided into 5 root-end restorative groups (n=20). ProRoot MTA, Biodentine, EndoSequence Root Repair Material, EndoSequence Fast Set Putty, and EndoSequence BC Sealer with each material placed following manufacturer's instructions and stored at 100% humidity for 2 weeks. An apical-to-coronal static testing load with the identified dislodgement force converted into MPa with mean results analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's post hoc tests (α=0.05). ProRoot MTA and Biodentine displayed similar push-out stress resistance and exhibited significantly greater stress resistance than the similar Endosequence materials. However, all materials failed cohesively and were not dislodged from the root canal surface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timothy Kirkpatrick
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Howard W Roberts
- Dental Biomaterials Research, University of Kentucky College of Dentistry
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de Sá MAB, Nunes E, Antunes ANDG, Brito Júnior M, Horta MCR, Amaral RR, Cohen S, Silveira FF. Push-out bond strength and marginal adaptation of apical plugs with bioactive endodontic cements in simulated immature teeth. Restor Dent Endod 2021; 46:e53. [PMID: 34909417 PMCID: PMC8636078 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2021.46.e53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluates the bond strength and marginal adaptation of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Repair HP and Biodentine used as apical plugs; MTA was used as reference material for comparison. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 30 single-rooted teeth with standardized, artificially created open apices were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 10 per group), according to the material used to form 6-mm-thick apical plugs: group 1 (MTA Repair HP); group 2 (Biodentine); and group 3 (white MTA). Subsequently, the specimens were transversely sectioned to obtain 2 (cervical and apical) 2.5-mm-thick slices per root. Epoxy resin replicas were observed under a scanning electron microscope to measure the gap size at the material/dentin interface (the largest and smaller gaps were recorded for each replica). The bond strength of the investigated materials to dentin was determined using the push-out test. The variable bond strengths and gap sizes were evaluated independently at the apical and cervical root dentin slices. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytic statistics. RESULTS The comparison between the groups regarding the variables' bond strengths and gap sizes showed no statistical difference (p > 0.05) except for a single difference in the smallest gap at the cervical root dentin slice, which was higher in group 3 than in group 1 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The bond strength and marginal adaptation to root canal walls of MTA HP and Biodentine cement were comparable to white MTA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eduardo Nunes
- Department of Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Rodrigo Rodrigues Amaral
- Department of Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Stephen Cohen
- Department of Endodontics, Arthur School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Frank Ferreira Silveira
- Department of Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Evaluation of Mechanical Activation and Chemical Synthesis for Particle Size Modification of White Mineral Trioxide Aggregate. Eur Endod J 2020; 5:128-133. [PMID: 32766523 PMCID: PMC7398986 DOI: 10.14744/eej.2020.84803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Initial setting time is one of the most important properties of calcium silicate cements (CSCs) such as white mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of two methods used to reduce the particle size of WMTA, mechanical activation and chemical synthesis. Methods WMTA without bismuth oxide (WMTA-B) was provided and divided into four groups (n=5) including: WMTA-B, WMTA-B+10 min milling, WMTA-B+30 min milling, and sol-gel. In groups 2 and 3, the milling was performed by using tungsten carbide balls in a ratio 1:15 (w/w) and a vibration frequency of 30 Hz together with absolute ethanol. For the fourth group, polyethylene glycol (PEG), calcium acetate (Ca(C2H3O2)2), SiO2, and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) were used for the sol-gel process. After preparation, sample powders were mixed with distilled water and placed in cylindrical molds, covered with water-moistened gauze, and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. The Vicat needle test analyzed the initial setting time. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey tests at a significance level of P<0.05. The correlation between particle size and setting time was determined. Results Initial setting time of the sol-gel and WMTA-B+30 min milling was significantly lower than in the other two groups (P<0.05). A significant correlation was noticed between particle size and initial setting time (P<0.05). Conclusion Sol-gel process introduces a promising alternative strategy for the reduction of initial setting time of CSC materials. While both methods increased surface area, mechanical activation was not as successful in reducing surface area and initial setting time as effectively as the sol-gel process.
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Saghiri MA, Karamifar K, Fakharzadeh A, Conte M, Morgano SM. Effect of Diabetes on Tubular Density and Push-out Bond Strength of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate to Dentin. J Endod 2020; 46:1584-1591. [PMID: 32738338 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study compared the tubular density and push-out bond strength of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) to dentin in diabetic and nondiabetic patients. METHODS Ten extracted single-rooted human teeth from diabetic and nondiabetic patients (n = 5 in each group) were decoronated, prepared up to a #5 Gates-Glidden drill, and sectioned horizontally at the midroot area to prepare 3 dentin slices, each measuring 2 mm in thickness (1 slice for the push-out test and 2 slices for the tubular density test). MTA was prepared and packed into the root canal space followed by incubation for 3 days. The push-out bond strength values were determined using a universal testing machine. Specimens were viewed under a stereomicroscope and a scanning electron microscope to determine the failure types at the cement-dentin interface. Ten slice specimens in each group were evaluated under SEM at 3 different sites to determine the tubular density. Comparisons were performed using the Mann-Whitney U test (P < .05). RESULTS Diabetic patients exhibited significantly lower push-out bond strength of MTA to root canal dentin (P < .05). The pattern of failure at the MTA-dentin interface was different between the 2 groups. The tubular density was significantly higher in diabetic patients (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS The dentin in diabetic patients exhibited different physicochemical properties. The failure patterns and modes in diabetic patients might be explained by the changes in the push-out bond strength, the calcification mechanism of the dentin-pulp complex, a higher dentinal tubule density, and less peritubular dentin. These differences could explain the higher failure rate of root canal treatment in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Saghiri
- Biomaterial and Prosthodontics Laboratory, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, New Jersey; Department of Endodontics, University of the Pacific, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, California.
| | - Kasra Karamifar
- Sector of Angiogenesis Regenerative Medicine, Dr. Hajar Afsar Lajevardi Research Cluster, Hackensack, New Jersey
| | - Amir Fakharzadeh
- Office for Clinical Affairs, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Michael Conte
- Department of Periodontics, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Steven M Morgano
- Biomaterial and Prosthodontics Laboratory, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, New Jersey
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Primus CM, Tay FR, Niu LN. Bioactive tri/dicalcium silicate cements for treatment of pulpal and periapical tissues. Acta Biomater 2019; 96:35-54. [PMID: 31146033 PMCID: PMC6717675 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over 2500 articles and 200 reviews have been published on the bioactive tri/dicalcium silicate dental materials. The indications have expanded since their introduction in the 1990s from endodontic restorative and pulpal treatments to endodontic sealing and obturation. Bioactive ceramics, based on tri/dicalcium silicate cements, are now an indispensable part of the contemporary dental armamentarium for specialists including endodontists, pediatric dentists, oral surgeons andfor general dentists. This review emphasizes research on how these materials have conformed to international standards for dental materials ranging from biocompatibility (ISO 7405) to conformance as root canal sealers (ISO 6876). Potential future developments of alternative hydraulic materials were included. This review provides accurate materials science information on these important materials. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The broadening indications and the proliferation of tri/dicalcium silicate-based products make this relatively new dental material important for all dentists and biomaterials scientists. Presenting the variations in compositions, properties, indications and clinical performance enable clinicians to choose the material most suitable for their cases. Researchers may expand their bioactive investigations to further validate and improve materials and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M Primus
- Department of Endodontics, The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, USA.
| | - Franklin R Tay
- Department of Endodontics, The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, USA
| | - Li-Na Niu
- Department of Endodontics, The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, USA; State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Hena, China
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Buldur B, Oznurhan F, Kaptan A. The effect of different chelating agents on the push-out bond strength of proroot mta and endosequence root repair material. Eur Oral Res 2019; 53:88-93. [PMID: 31309199 PMCID: PMC6614689 DOI: 10.26650/eor.20191618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the effects of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 7% maleic acid (MA), and 10% citric acid (CA) on the push-out bond strength of ProRooT MTA and Endosequence Root Repair Material (ERRM) putty. Materials and methods Eighty single-rooted extracted human teeth were instrumented to obtain a standardized immature teeth model. Based on the chelating agents tested, the specimens were randomly divided into three experimental groups: Group 1 (17% EDTA), Group 2 (7% MA), Group 3 (10% CA), and Group 4 (Positive Control) (n=20 for each group). Each group was further classified into two subgroups: Group A (ProRoot MTA) and Group B (Endosequence Root Repair Material (ERRM) putty) (n=10 for each subgroup). After irrigation and placement of cements, teeth were stored at 37°C and in 100% humidity for a week. A total of 240 dentine discs (three discs per teeth) were obtained and subjected to push-out assay. Data was analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc t-test. Results Both types of chelating agent and calcium silicate-based cement were significantly associated with the push-out bond strength values. The push-out bond strength was significantly less for CA as compared to EDTA or MA. ERRM had higher bond strength values than ProRoot MTA (p<0.05). Conclusion The use of chelating agents increased the push-out bond strength of CSC. Regardless of tested chelating agents, ERRM had higher bond strength values than ProRoot MTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Buldur
- Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Sivas,Turkey
| | - Fatih Oznurhan
- Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Sivas,Turkey
| | - Arife Kaptan
- Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Sivas,Turkey
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Alamoudi RA, Abu Zeid ST. Effect of Irrigants on the Push-Out Bond Strength of Two Bioceramic Root Repair Materials. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12121921. [PMID: 31197118 PMCID: PMC6630826 DOI: 10.3390/ma12121921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare different irrigants’ effect on two EndoSequence root repair materials’ push-out bond strength. Sixty root slices were filled either with EndoSequence premixed fast-set putty or regular-set paste, and then immersed either in sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine gluconate, or saline (as control) for 30 min, after which the slices were subjected to the push-out test. The surface structures were evaluated with Scanning Electron Microscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared. Fast-set putty exhibited greater displacement resistance when immersed in saline and subjected to adhesive failure mode, while regular-set paste showed greater resistance when immersed in chlorhexidine and subjected to cohesive failure mode. Infrared analysis showed changes in organic filler, and carbonate and phosphate bands after using irrigants. The lowest carbonate/phosphate ratio was found for chlorhexidine in both materials. Therefore, sodium hypochlorite reduced EndoSequence root repair materials’ displacement resistance markedly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruaa A Alamoudi
- Endodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sawsan T Abu Zeid
- Endodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia.
- Endodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Giza 12345, Egypt.
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Akbulut MB, Bozkurt DA, Terlemez A, Akman M. The push-out bond strength of BIOfactor mineral trioxide aggregate, a novel root repair material. Restor Dent Endod 2019; 44:e5. [PMID: 30834227 PMCID: PMC6387887 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2019.44.e5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the push-out bond strength of a novel calcium silicate-based root repair material-BIOfactor MTA to root canal dentin in comparison with white MTA-Angelus (Angelus) and Biodentine (Septodont). Materials and Methods The coronal parts of 12 central incisors were removed and the roots were embedded in acrylic resin blocks. Midroot dentin of each sample was horizontally sectioned into 1.1 mm slices and 3 slices were obtained from each root. Three canal-like standardized holes having 1 mm in diameter were created parallel to the root canal on each dentin slice with a diamond bur. The holes were filled with MTA-Angelus, Biodentine, or BIOfactor MTA. Wet gauze was placed over the specimens and samples were stored in an incubator at 37°C for 7 days to allow complete setting. Then samples were subjected to the push-out test method using a universal test machine with the loading speed of 1 mm/min. Data was statistically analyzed using Friedman test and post hoc Wilcoxon signed rank test with Bonferroni correction. Results There were no significant differences among the push-out bond strength values of MTA-Angelus, Biodentine, and BIOfactor MTA (p > 0.017). Most of the specimens exhibited cohesive failure in all groups, with the highest rate found in Biodentine group. Conclusions Based on the results of this study, MTA-Angelus, Biodentine, and BIOfactor MTA showed similar resistances to the push-out testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makbule Bilge Akbulut
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Durmus Alperen Bozkurt
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Arslan Terlemez
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Melek Akman
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
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Push-out bond strength of calcium-silicate cements following Er:YAG and diode laser irradiation of root dentin. Lasers Med Sci 2019; 34:201-207. [PMID: 30607722 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-018-02705-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the effects of diode and Er:YAG laser irradiation of root dentin on push-out bond strength of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cements. An in vitro experimental study was conducted on 90 dentin discs, cut out of freshly extracted human teeth. The discs were instrumented to obtain 1.3-mm lumen diameter. Then, they were randomly divided into six groups (n = 15). Groups 1 and 4 subjected to diode laser (Wiser, Doctor Smile, Italy) (980 nm, 1 W, continuous mode) for 10 s and filled with MTA and CEM cements. Groups 2 and 5 subjected to Er:YAG laser (Deka, Italy) (2940 nm, 1 W, 10 Hz, 230 μs) for 10 s and filled with MTA and CEM cements. Groups 3 and 6 (control groups) were filled with MTA and CEM cements without laser irradiation. After 7 days, push-out bond strength test was performed using a universal testing machine in order to evaluate the adhesion of the biomaterials to dentin. The samples were evaluated under a light microscope at × 40 magnification to determine the mode of fracture. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA. The highest push-out bond strength (8.76 ± 3.62 MPa) was noted in group 1 (diode/MTA), which was significantly higher than the other groups (P < 0.001). The lowest bond strength (2.61 ± 0.81) was noted in group 6 (control/CEM). Diode laser significantly increased the bond strength of both cements (P < 0.05), but Er:YAG laser irradiation only increased the bond strength of CEM and had no significant effect on MTA (P = 0.603). The bond strength of MTA control group was higher than that of CEM control group (P = 0.001). Push-out bond strength of endodontic cements can be affected by dentin conditioning with diode 980 nm and Er:YAG laser. Nine hundred eighty-nanometer diode laser irradiation is recommended to increase the bond strength of endodontic cements particularly the CEM cement to dentin.
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Brichko J, Burrow MF, Parashos P. Design Variability of the Push-out Bond Test in Endodontic Research: A Systematic Review. J Endod 2018; 44:1237-1245. [PMID: 29935874 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is limited literature on the impact of testing variables on the push-out bond test (POBT). This review identified designs of the POBT used in the endodontic literature and aimed to determine which experimental variables may influence the push-out bond strength (POBS). METHODS A systematic review based on PRISMA guidelines was performed by searching the PubMed, SCOPUS, and Cochrane library databases using terms including push-out and dislocation resistance and descriptions of endodontic materials. Test variables assessed included method of root preparation, timing of sectioning compared with filling, thickness, diameter and taper of sections, and plunger size and velocity. The POBS of 3 common materials (gutta-percha and AH Plus, mineral trioxide aggregate, and Biodentine) were collected from investigations, and a comparison was attempted. RESULTS One hundred thirty-three studies assessed the POBS of root-filling materials, 68 assessed root repair cements/root-end filling materials, and 16 assessed orifice barrier materials other than mineral trioxide aggregate. There was significant variation in all of the assessed variables, resulting in a large range of reported values for the POBS of the various materials. Because of this heterogeneity in study design, no further statistical analysis of the impact of the test variables on POBS was possible. CONCLUSIONS There was considerable variation in the POBT design used in endodontic research. Greater standardization is required for future research as well as accurate reporting for all test variables to assess the impact of specific design variables on POBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Brichko
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael F Burrow
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Parashos
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Amin SAW, Gawdat SI. Retention of BioAggregate and MTA as coronal plugs after intracanal medication for regenerative endodontic procedures: an ex vivo study. Restor Dent Endod 2018; 43:e18. [PMID: 30135844 PMCID: PMC6103539 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2018.43.e18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study compared the retention of BioAggregate (BA; Innovative BioCeramix) and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA; Angelus) as coronal plugs after applying different intracanal medications (ICMs) used in regenerative endodontics. Materials and Methods One-hundred human maxillary central incisors were used. The canals were enlarged to a diameter of 1.7 mm. Specimens were divided into 5 groups (n = 20) according to the ICM used: calcium hydroxide (CH), 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), triple-antibiotic paste (TAP), double-antibiotic paste (DAP), and no ICM (control; CON). After 3 weeks of application, ICMs were removed and BA or MTA were placed as the plug material (n = 10). The push-out bond strength and the mode of failure were assessed. The data were analyzed using 2-way analysis of variance, the Tukey's test, and the χ2 test; p values < 0.05 indicated statistical significance. Results The type of ICM and the type of plug material significantly affected bond strength (p < 0.01). Regardless of the type of ICM, BA showed a lower bond strength than MTA (p < 0.05). For MTA, CH showed a higher bond strength than CON, TAP and DAP; CHX showed a higher bond strength than DAP (p < 0.01). For BA, CH showed a higher bond strength than DAP (p < 0.05). The mode of failure was predominantly cohesive for BA (p < 0.05). Conclusions MTA may show better retention than BA. The mode of bond failure with BA can be predominantly cohesive. BA retention may be less affected by ICM type than MTA retention.
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Stefaneli Marques JH, Silva-Sousa YTC, Rached-Júnior FJA, Macedo LMDD, Mazzi-Chaves JF, Camilleri J, Sousa-Neto MD. Push-out bond strength of different tricalcium silicate-based filling materials to root dentin. Braz Oral Res 2018. [PMID: 29538480 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the bond strength of different triccalcium silicate cements to retrograde cavity using a push out test. Thirty maxillary central incisors were shaped using #80 hand files and sectioned transversally. Root slices were obtained from the apical 4 mm after eliminating the apical extremity. The specimens were embedded in acrylic resin and positioned at 45° to the horizontal plane for preparation of root-end cavities with a diamond ultrasonic retrotip. The samples were divided into three groups according to the root-end filling material (n = 10): MTA Angelus, ProRoot MTA and Biodentine. A gutta-percha cone (#80) was tugged-back at the limit between the canal and the root-end cavity. The root-end cavity was filled and the gutta-percha cone was removed after complete setting of the materials. The specimens were placed in an Instron machine with the root-end filling turned downwards. The push-out shaft was inserted in the space previously occupied by the gutta-percha cone and push out testing was performed at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min. There was no statistically significant difference in resistance to push out by the materials tested (p > 0.01). MTA Angelus and ProRoot MTA showed predominantly mixed failure while Biodentine exhibited mixed and cohesive failures. The tricalcium silicate-based root-end filling materials showed similar bond strength retrograde cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jardel Francisco Mazzi-Chaves
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Josette Camilleri
- University of Birmingham, School of Dentistry, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Manoel Damião Sousa-Neto
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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SAGHIRI MA, ORANGI J, ASATOURIAN A, GUTMANN JL, Garcia-Godoy F, LOTFI M, SHEIBANI N. Calcium silicate-based cements and functional impacts of various constituents. Dent Mater J 2017; 36:8-18. [PMID: 27773894 PMCID: PMC5293667 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2015-425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Calcium silicate-based cements have superior sealing ability, bioactivity, and marginal adaptation, which make them suitable for different dental treatment applications. However, they exhibit some drawbacks such as long setting time and poor handling characteristics. To overcome these limitations calcium silicates are engineered with various constituents to improve specific characteristics of the base material, and are the focus of this review. An electronic search of the PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE via OVID databases using appropriate terms and keywords related to the use, application, and properties of calcium silicate-based cements was conducted. Two independent reviewers obtained and analyzed the full texts of the selected articles. Although the effects of various constituents and additives to the base Portland cement-like materials have been investigated, there is no one particular ingredient that stands out as being most important. Applying nanotechnology and new synthesis methods for powders most positively affected the cement properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali SAGHIRI
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jafar ORANGI
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
- Sector of Angiogenesis and Regenerative Surgery, Dr. H Afsar Lajevardi Cluster, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Armen ASATOURIAN
- Sector of Angiogenesis and Regenerative Surgery, Dr. H Afsar Lajevardi Cluster, Shiraz, Iran
| | - James L. GUTMANN
- Department of Restorative Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Franklin Garcia-Godoy
- Bioscience Research Center, Health Science Center, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mehrdad LOTFI
- Sector of Angiogenesis and Regenerative Surgery, Dr. H Afsar Lajevardi Cluster, Shiraz, Iran
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology and Department of Endodontics, Dental Faculty, Tabriz University (Medical Sciences), Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nader SHEIBANI
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, and McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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Majeed A, AlShwaimi E. Push-Out Bond Strength and Surface Microhardness of Calcium Silicate-Based Biomaterials: An in vitro Study. Med Princ Pract 2017; 26:139-145. [PMID: 27852076 PMCID: PMC5639710 DOI: 10.1159/000453455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This was an in vitro evaluation of push-out bond strength and surface microhardness of calcium silicate-based biomaterials in coronal and apical root dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety sections (2 mm thick) of coronal and apical root dentin were obtained from roots of 60 extracted teeth; the canals were enlarged to a standardized cavity diameter of 1.3 mm. Sections were randomly divided into 6 groups (n = 15 per group), and cavities were filled with Biodentine™, BioAggregate, or ProRoot mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), according to the manufacturers' instructions. Push-out bond strength values were measured using a universal testing machine under a compressive load at a speed of 1 mm/min. Samples were analyzed under a light microscope to determine the nature of bond failure. Ten samples (2 mm thick) were prepared for all the materials, and Vickers microhardness was determined using a digital hardness tester. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison tests at a significance level of p < 0.05. RESULTS Biodentine (42.02; 39.35 MPa) and ProRoot MTA (21.86; 34.13 MPa) showed significantly higher bond strengths than BioAggregate (6.63; 10.09 MPa) in coronal and apical root dentin, respectively (p < 0.05). Biodentine also differed significantly from ProRoot MTA in coronal dentin. Bond failure was predominantly adhesive in Biodentine and ProRoot MTA, while BioAggregate showed predominantly mixed failure. ProRoot MTA (158.52 HV) showed significantly higher microhardness and BioAggregate (68.79 HV) showed the lowest hardness. CONCLUSION Biodentine and ProRoot MTA showed higher bond strength and microhardness compared to BioAggregate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emad AlShwaimi
- *Assoc. Prof. Emad AlShwaimi, BDS, FRCD(C), DMSc, Division of Endodontics, Restorative Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, University of Dammam, PO Box 1982, Dammam 31441 (Saudi Arabia), E-Mail
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The influence of antibiotics on the physical properties of endodontic cements. GIORNALE ITALIANO DI ENDODONZIA 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gien.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Akcay H, Arslan H, Akcay M, Mese M, Sahin NN. Evaluation of the bond strength of root-end placed mineral trioxide aggregate and Biodentine in the absence/presence of blood contamination. Eur J Dent 2016; 10:370-375. [PMID: 27403056 PMCID: PMC4926591 DOI: 10.4103/1305-7456.184150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has been accepted as an appropriate root-end filling material in endodontic microsurgery because of setting ability in the wet environment. The aim of this study was to assess the bond strength of root-end placed MTA and Biodentine (Septodont, Saint Maur des Fossés, France) in the absence/presence of blood contamination. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight single-rooted maxillary incisors were used. subsequent to root-end resection and apical preparation using ultrasonic retro-tips, the specimens were randomly separated into two groups according to the root-end filling materials: MTA (Cerkamed Medical Company, Stalowa, Poland) or Biodentine. The specimens were then separated into two subgroups according to storage condition (absence/presence of blood) (n = 12). After obtaining 2.0 ± 0.1 mm slices, push-out tests were performed. Each slice was examined under a stereomicroscope to evaluate the failure mode. The data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test for multiple comparisons. The failure modes were analyzed using the Chi-square test (P = 0.05). Results: The bond strength was significantly affected by the presence of blood contamination and root-end filling material type (P < 0.001). Biodentine had better bond strength than MTA (P < 0.001). The most common failure type was adhesive failure. According to the Chi-square test, there were no statistically significant differences among the groups (P = 0.394). Conclusions: Biodentine had better bond strength values compared to MTA, and the bond strength of both MTA and Biodentine as root-end filling materials was negatively affected by the presence of blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Akcay
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Izmir Katip Çelebi University, Izmir, Turkiye
| | - Hakan Arslan
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkiye
| | - Merve Akcay
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Izmir Katip Çelebi University, Izmir, Turkiye
| | - Merve Mese
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Izmir Katip Çelebi University, Izmir, Turkiye
| | - Naciye Nur Sahin
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Izmir Katip Çelebi University, Izmir, Turkiye
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Dawood AE, Parashos P, Wong RHK, Reynolds EC, Manton DJ. Calcium silicate-based cements: composition, properties, and clinical applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 8. [PMID: 26434562 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a calcium silicate-based cement (CSC) commonly used in endodontic procedures involving pulpal regeneration and hard tissue repair, such as pulp capping, pulpotomy, apexogenesis, apexification, perforation repair, and root-end filling. Despite the superior laboratory and clinical performance of MTA in comparison with previous endodontic repair cements, such as Ca(OH)2 , MTA has poor handling properties and a long setting time. New CSC have been commercially launched and marketed to overcome the limitations of MTA. The aim of the present review was to explore the available literature on new CSC products, and to give evidence-based recommendations for the clinical use of these materials. Within the limitations of the available data in the literature regarding the properties and performance of the new CSC, the newer products could be promising alternatives to MTA; however, further research is required to support this assumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa E Dawood
- Melbourne Dental School, Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Peter Parashos
- Melbourne Dental School, Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Rebecca H K Wong
- Melbourne Dental School, Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Eric C Reynolds
- Melbourne Dental School, Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - David J Manton
- Melbourne Dental School, Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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Saghiri MA, Orangi J, Tanideh N, Asatourian A, Janghorban K, Garcia-Godoy F, Sheibani N. Repair of bone defect by nano-modified white mineral trioxide aggregates in rabbit: A histopathological study. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2015; 20:e525-31. [PMID: 26034924 PMCID: PMC4598919 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.20290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many researchers have tried to enhance materials functions in different aspects of science using nano-modification method, and in many cases the results have been encouraging. To evaluate the histopathological responses of the micro-/nano-size cement-type biomaterials derived from calcium silicate-based composition with addition of nano tricalcium aluminate (3CaO.Al2O3) on bone healing response. Material and Methods Ninety mature male rabbits were anesthetized and a bone defect was created in the right mandible. The rabbits were divided into three groups, which were in turn subdivided into five subgroups with six animals each based on the defect filled by: white mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA), Nano-WMTA, WMTA without 3CaO.Al2O3, Nano-WMTA with 2% Nano-3CaO.Al2O3, and empty as control. Twenty, forty and sixty days postoperatively the animals were sacrificed and the right mandibles were removed for histopathological evaluations. Kruskal-Wallis test with post-hoc comparisons based on the LSMeans procedure was used for data analysis. Results All the experimental materials provoked a moderate to severe inflammatory reaction, which significantly differed from the control group (p< 0.05). Statistical analysis of bone formation and bone regeneration data showed significant differences between groups at 40- and 60- day intervals in all groups. Absence of 3CaO.Al2O3 leads to more inflammation and foreign body reaction than other groups in all time intervals. Conclusions Both powder nano-modification and addition of 2% Nano-3CaO.Al2O3 to calcium silicate-based cement enhanced the favorable tissue response and osteogenesis properties of WMTA based materials. Key words:Bone regeneration, cement, endodontics, histopathology, nano-wmta, tricalcium aluminate.
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Marques JHS, Silva-Sousa YTC, Rached-Júnior FJA, Mazzi-Chaves JF, Miranda CES, da Silva SRC, Steier L, Sousa-Neto MD. New methodology to evaluate bond strength of root-end filling materials. Braz Dent J 2015. [PMID: 26200155 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201300189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the bond strength of root-end filling materials to root-end cavities using a new methodology. Twenty maxillary central incisors were subjected to biomechanical preparation (#80 hand file) and sectioned transversally 2 mm short of the apex and 4 mm coronally to this point. The root cylinders were embedded in acrylic resin and positioned at 45° to the horizontal plane for preparation of root-end cavities with a diamond ultrasonic retrotip. Two groups (n=10) were formed according to the root-end filling material: MTA and Super EBA. A gutta-percha cone (#80) was tug-backed at the limit between the canal and the root-end cavity. The cavity was filled and the gutta-percha cone was removed after complete setting of the sealer. The specimens were placed in an Instron machine with the root-end filling turned downwards. The push-out shaft was inserted in the space previously occupied by the gutta-percha cone and run at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min for pushing out the root-end filling material. Data were analyzed by ANOVA (α=5%). Super EBA (6.03±1.31) presented higher bond strength (MPa) than MTA (1.81±0.45) (p>0.05). There was a predominance of cohesive failures for Super EBA and mixed for MTA. The protocol of specimen preparation is effective and introduces a specific methodology for assessing bond strength of root-end filling materials to dentin. Among the materials, Super EBA presented the highest bond strength.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Liviu Steier
- Warwick Medical School, The University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
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Saghiri MA, Asatourian A, Orangi J, Lotfi M, Soukup JW, Garcia-Godoy F, Sheibani N. Effect of particle size on calcium release and elevation of pH of endodontic cements. Dent Traumatol 2015; 31:196-201. [PMID: 25571910 DOI: 10.1111/edt.12160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Elevation of pH and calcium ion release are of great importance in antibacterial activity and the promotion of dental soft and hard tissue healing process. In this study, we evaluated the effect of particle size on the elevation of pH and the calcium ion release from calcium silicate-based dental cements. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twelve plastic tubes were divided into three groups, filled with white mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA), WMTA plus 1% methylcellulose, and nano-modified WMTA (nano-WMTA), and placed inside flasks containing 10 ml of distilled water. The pH values were measured using a pH sensor 3, 24, 72, and 168 h after setting of the cements. The calcium ion release was measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer with same sample preparation method. Data were subjected to two-way analysis of variance (anova) followed by post hoc Tukey tests with significance level of P < 0.05. RESULTS Nano-WMTA showed significant pH elevation only after 24 h (P < 0.05) compared with WMTA, and after 3, 24, and 72 h compared with WMTA plus 1% methylcellulose (P < 0.05). Nano-WMTA showed significantly higher calcium ion release values compared to the other two groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Nano-modification of WMTA remarkably increased the calcium ion release at all time intervals postsetting, which can significantly influence the osteogenic properties of human dental pulp cells and as a consequence enhance mineralized matrix nodule formation to achieve desirable clinical outcomes. However, the increase in pH values mainly occurred during the short time postsetting. Addition of 1% methylcellulose imposed a delay in elevation of pH and calcium ion release by WMTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Saghiri
- Departments of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public health, Madison, WI, USA
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DAWOOD AE, MANTON DJ, PARASHOS P, WONG RHK, PALAMARA JEA, REYNOLDS EC. Push-out bond strength of CPP-ACP-modified calcium silicate-based cements. Dent Mater J 2015; 34:490-4. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2015-017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alaa E DAWOOD
- Melbourne Dental School, Oral Health CRC, The University of Melbourne
| | - David J MANTON
- Melbourne Dental School, Oral Health CRC, The University of Melbourne
| | - Peter PARASHOS
- Melbourne Dental School, Oral Health CRC, The University of Melbourne
| | - Rebecca HK WONG
- Melbourne Dental School, Oral Health CRC, The University of Melbourne
| | | | - Eric C REYNOLDS
- Melbourne Dental School, Oral Health CRC, The University of Melbourne
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Saghiri MA, Gutmann JL, Orangi J, Asatourian A, Sheibani N. Radiopacifier particle size impacts the physical properties of tricalcium silicate-based cements. J Endod 2014; 41:225-30. [PMID: 25492489 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of radiopaque additive, bismuth oxide, particle size on the physical properties, and radiopacity of tricalcium silicate-based cements. METHODS Six types of tricalcium silicate cement (CSC) including CSC without bismuth oxide, CSC + 10% (wt%) regular bismuth oxide (particle size 10 μm), CSC + 20% regular bismuth oxide (simulating white mineral trioxide aggregate [WMTA]) as a control, CSC + 10% nano bismuth oxide (particle size 50-80 nm), CSC + 20% nano-size bismuth oxide, and nano WMTA (a nano modification of WMTA comprising nanoparticles in the range of 40-100 nm) were prepared. Twenty-four samples from each group were divided into 4 groups and subjected to push-out, surface microhardness, radiopacity, and compressive strength tests. Data were analyzed by 1-way analysis of variance with the post hoc Tukey test. RESULTS The push-out and compressive strength of CSC without bismuth oxide and CSC with 10% and 20% nano bismuth oxide were significantly higher than CSC with 10% or 20% regular bismuth oxide (P < .05). The surface microhardness of CSC without bismuth oxide and CSC with 10% regular bismuth oxide had the lowest values (P < .05). The lowest radiopacity values were seen in CSC without bismuth oxide and CSC with 10% nano bismuth oxide (P < .05). Nano WMTA samples showed the highest values for all tested properties (P < .05) except for radiopacity. CONCLUSIONS The addition of 20% nano bismuth oxide enhanced the physical properties of CSC without any significant changes in radiopacity. Regular particle-size bismuth oxide reduced the physical properties of CSC material for tested parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Saghiri
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.
| | - James L Gutmann
- Department of Restorative Sciences, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jafar Orangi
- Department of Dental Materials, Kamal Asgar Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armen Asatourian
- Department of Dental Materials, Kamal Asgar Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
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Alsubait SA, Hashem Q, AlHargan N, AlMohimeed K, Alkahtani A. Comparative evaluation of push-out bond strength of ProRoot MTA, bioaggregate and biodentine. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014; 15:336-340. [PMID: 25307817 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the push-out bond strength of Biodentine (BD) in comparison with two available calcium silicate based materials, bioaggregate (BA) and ProRoot MTA (WMTA). MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and twenty-three Root dentin slices of freshly extracted single Rooted human teeth were randomly divided into three groups (n = 41) according to the used test material: WMTA, BA, BD. After canal space preparation, the filling materials were placed inside the lumen of the slices. After 72 hours, the maximum force applied to materials at the time of dislodgement was recorded and slices were then examined under a stereomicroscope at ×40 magnification to determine the nature of bond failure. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to compare means of push-out bond strength. Post-hoc test was then accomplished for multiple comparisons. Chi-square test was used to determine if there is significant association between the type of material and type of failure. RESULTS The mean push-out bond strength ± standard deviation in MPa values of WMTA, BA and BD were 23.26 ± 5.49, 9.57 ± 3.45, 21.86 ± 6.9, respectively. There was no significant difference between the means of WMTA and BD (p = 0.566), but the mean of BA was significantly lower than those of WMTA and BD (p = 0.000). Under stereomicroscope, WMTA and BA showed a majority of mixed type of failure than cohesive failure, while BD showed the opposite. No adhesive failure was observed in any specimen. CONCLUSION The findings of the present study imply that the force needed for BD displacement is similar to WMTA and significantly higher than the force required to displace BA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Alsubait
- Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, e-mail:
| | - Qamar Hashem
- Dental Intern, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Njood AlHargan
- Dental Intern, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khawlah AlMohimeed
- Dental Intern, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alkahtani
- Associate Professor, Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Saghiri MA, Godoy FG, Gutmann JL, Lotfi M, Asatourian A, Sheibani N, Elyasi M. The effect of pH on solubility of nano-modified endodontic cements. J Conserv Dent 2014; 17:13-7. [PMID: 24554853 PMCID: PMC3915376 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.124096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the effect of storage pH on solubility of white mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA), bioaggregate (BA), and nano WMTA cements. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-eight moulds randomly allocated into three groups of pH 4.4 (group A), 7.4 (group B), and 10.4 (group C); and one empty as control in each group. Each group was further divided into three subgroups according to the material studied; WMTA, BA, and nano WMTA. The specimens in subgroup A were soaked in butyric acid buffered with synthetic tissue fluid (STF) (pH 4.4), while the samples in subgroups B (pH 7.4) and C (pH 10.4) buffered in potassium hydroxide for 24 h and then the loss of cement was determined. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post-hoc statistical tests were used to detect any statistically significant differences among the groups/subgroups. RESULTS Statistical analysis has showed the highest solubility in acidic pH for all tested materials. Nano WMTA samples in pH = 10.4 had the lowest and BA samples in pH = 4.4 showed the highest cement loss. CONCLUSION The solubility of all tested cements can be jeopardized in acidic environment which might affect on their sealing characteristic in clinical scenario. However, nano WMTA cement due to its small size particles and different additives was capable of producing lower porosity in set material, which resulted in showing more resistance in acidic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Saghiri
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Franklin Garcia Godoy
- Bioscience Research Center, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - James L Gutmann
- Department of Endodontics, Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A and M University System Health Science Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Mehrdad Lotfi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology and Departments of Endodontics, Tabriz University (Medical Sciences), Tabriz, Iran
| | - Armen Asatourian
- Department of Dental Material, Kamal Asgar Research Center (KARC), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Effect of endodontic cement on bone mineral density using serial dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. J Endod 2014; 40:648-51. [PMID: 24767558 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2013.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Materials with new compositions were tested in order to develop dental materials with better properties. Calcium silicate-based cements, including white mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA), may improve osteopromotion because of their composition. Nano-modified cements may help researchers produce ideal root-end filling materials. Serial dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry measurement was used to evaluate the effects of particle size and the addition of tricalcium aluminate (C3A) to a type of mineral trioxide aggregate-based cement on bone mineral density and the surrounding tissues in the mandible of rabbits. METHODS Forty mature male rabbits (N = 40) were anesthetized, and a bone defect measuring 7 × 1 × 1 mm was created on the semimandible. The rabbits were divided into 2 groups, which were subdivided into 5 subgroups with 4 animals each based on the defect filled by the following: Nano-WMTA (patent application #13/211.880), WMTA (as standard), WMTA without C3A, Nano-WMTA + 2% Nano-C3A (Fujindonjnan Industrial Co, Ltd, Fujindonjnan Xiamen, China), and a control group. Twenty and forty days postoperatively, the animals were sacrificed, and the semimandibles were removed for DXA measurement. RESULTS The Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Mann-Whitney U test showed significant differences between the groups at a significance level of P < .05. P values calculated by the Kruskal-Wallis test were .002 for bone mineral density at both intervals and P20 day = .004 and P40 day = .005 for bone mineral content. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that bone regeneration was enhanced by reducing the particle size (nano-modified) and C3A mixture. This may relate to the existence of an external supply of minerals and a larger surface area of nano-modified material, which may lead to faster release rate of Ca(2+), inducing bone formation. Adding Nano-C3A to Nano-WMTA may improve bone regeneration properties.
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Jefferies SR. Bioactive and Biomimetic Restorative Materials: A Comprehensive Review. Part I. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2013; 26:14-26. [DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven R. Jefferies
- Donald and Cecelia Platnick Professor, and Director of Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Restorative Dentistry, and Director of Clinical Research; School of Dentistry, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University; Philadelphia PA USA
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Saghiri MA, Nazari A, Garcia-Godoy F, Asatourian A, Malekzadeh M, Elyasi M. Mechanical response of dental cements as determined by nanoindentation and scanning electron microscopy. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2013; 19:1458-1464. [PMID: 24067263 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927613013457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of nanoindentation on the surface of white mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA), Bioaggregate and Nano WMTA cements. Cements were mixed according to the manufacturer directions, condensed inside glass tubes, and randomly divided into three groups (n = 8). Specimens were soaked in synthetic tissue fluid (pH = 7.4) and incubated for 3 days. Cement pellets were subjected to nanoindentation tests and observed by scanning electron microscopy. Then, the images were processed and the number of cracks and total surface area of defects on the surface were calculated and analyzed using ImageJ. Data were submitted to one-way analysis of variance and a post hoc Tukey's test. The lowest number of cracks and total surface of defects were detected in Nano WMTA samples; however, it was not significantly different from WMTA samples (p = 0.588), while the highest values were noticed in Bioaggregate specimens that were significantly different from Nano WMTA and WMTA (p = 0.0001). The surface of WMTA and Nano WMTA showed more resistance after exposure to nano-compressive forces which indicated a better surface tolerance against these forces and crack formation. This suggests these substances are more tolerant cement materials which can predictably withstand loaded situations in a clinical scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Saghiri
- Department of Dental Material, Center for Craniofacial Research, Azad University (Tehran Branch), Tehran, Iran
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Saghiri MA, Garcia-Godoy F, Gutmann JL, Lotfi M, Asatourian A. Effects of various mixing techniques on physical properties of white mineral trioxide aggregate. Dent Traumatol 2013; 30:240-5. [PMID: 24020842 DOI: 10.1111/edt.12067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of three different mixing techniques on surface microhardness, initial setting time, and phase formation of white mineral trioxide aggregate. METHODS Twenty-one cylindrical glass tubes were selected and divided into three groups of seven in each (n = 7). White mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA) in groups A, B, and C were mixed by conventional, trituration, and ultrasonic techniques, respectively. Cements were mixed and packed into the glass tubes and incubated at 37°C for 3 days. After incubation, samples were subjected to microhardness evaluation, and four specimens from each group were prepared and observed under a scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. For setting time assessment, WMTA was mixed in three parts again, and Gilmore needle test was performed until the initial setting time of cement. Data were analyzed by one-way anova and post hoc Tukey's test. RESULTS Samples mixed by trituration technique significantly showed the highest microhardness (P < 0.001) and the lowest setting time, while the ultrasonically mixed specimens significantly revealed the highest setting time in comparison with other groups (P < 0.001). Samples mixed by trituration technique showed the highest uniformity in the bulk and highest amount of hydrated calcium silicate (CS) phases, while the lowest value was observed in ultrasonically mixed cements, which also showed the highest amount of anhydrated CS phases. CONCLUSION Trituration and conventional techniques were more suitable mixing methods for mineral trioxide aggregate in comparison with ultrasonic technique. Trituration resulted in better hydration and crystallization, which prevents clustering of powder and reduces voids and setting time of mixed cement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Saghiri
- Research Associate Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public health, Madison, WI; Kamal Asgar Research Center, Encino, CA
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The impact of thermocycling process on the dislodgement force of different endodontic cements. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:317185. [PMID: 24063004 PMCID: PMC3766561 DOI: 10.1155/2013/317185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of thermocycling (500 cycles, 5°C/55°C) on the push-out bond strength of calcium silicate based cements including WMTA, Nano-WMTA, and Bioaggregate to root dentin. Forty-eight dentin slices were prepared and divided into 3 groups (n = 16) and filled with Angelus WMTA, Nano-WMTA, or Bioaggregate. After incubation, half of the samples were thermocycled while the other half remained untreated. Push-out bond strength was calculated, and the modes of the bond failures were determined by SEM. The highest bond strength was seen in nonthermocycled Nano-WMTA samples and the lowest in thermocycled Bioaggregate samples. The significant differences between nonthermocycled and thermocycled samples were only noticed in WMTA and Nano-WMTA groups (P < 0.001). The mode of failure for thermocycled samples of all three cements was mostly cohesive. Thermocycling process can drastically affect the push-out bond strength of calcium silicate based cements. The intrastructural damages occurred due to the thermal stresses, causing cohesive failures in set materials. Sealing property of endodontic cements which have experienced the thermal stresses can be jeopardized due to occlusal forces happening in furcation cites.
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Formosa LM, Mallia B, Camilleri J. Push-out bond strength of MTA with antiwashout gel or resins. Int Endod J 2013; 47:454-62. [PMID: 23919436 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Assessment of the push-out bond strength of four MTA-based formulations for use as root-end filling materials. METHODOLOGY MTA Plus mixed with (i) water ('MTA-W'); (ii) a proprietary water-based antiwashout gel ('MTA-AW'); (iii) Superbond C&B chemically curing resin ('MTA-Chem'); and (iv) Heliobond light-curing resin ('MTA-Light') was tested. Root slices 3 mm thick human had a 1.5 mm diameter hole drilled centrally and were treated with 17% EDTA for 60s. Forty specimens divided into groups 1-4 were prepared and filled with MTA-W, MTA-AW, MTA-Chem and MTA-Light, respectively. Groups 3 and 4 were etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 60s, and bonding agent was applied to the dentine surface. Specimens were stored for 28 days in Hanks' Balanced Salt Solution at 37 °C. Push-out strength was tested with a punch and die (punch diameter 1.3 mm, die diameter 2.0 mm, punch speed 1 mm min(-1)). Stereomicroscopy was used to classify failure mode (adhesive, cohesive or mixed type). RESULTS The resulting push-out strengths were 5.1 MPa (MTA-W), 4.3 MPa (MTA-AW), 4.7 MPa (MTA-Chem) and 11.0 MPa (MTA-Light). MTA-W had higher push-out strength than MTA-AW (P = 0.022). The same was noted for MTA-Light relative to the other materials (P < 0.05). All materials exhibited adequate push-out strengths compared with MTA-W. Failure was predominantly mixed, except for MTA-Chem (predominantly adhesive). CONCLUSIONS All materials exhibited adequate push-out strength. Previous studies have shown the new formulations have additional advantages including increased washout resistance and faster setting time, making them promising for future dental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Formosa
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
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Saghiri MA, Garcia-Godoy F, Asatourian A, Lotfi M, Banava S, Khezri-Boukani K. Effect of pH on compressive strength of some modification of mineral trioxide aggregate. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2013; 18:e714-20. [PMID: 23722137 PMCID: PMC3731103 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.18922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Recently, it was shown that NanoMTA improved the setting time and promoted a better hydration process which prevents washout and the dislodgment of this novel biomaterial in comparison with WTMA. This study analyzed the compressive strength of ProRoot WMTA (Dentsply), a NanoWMTA (Kamal Asgar Research Center), and Bioaggregate (Innovative Bioceramix) after its exposure to a range of environmental pH conditions during hydration.
Study Design: After mixing the cements under aseptic condition and based on the manufacturers` recommendations, the cements were condensed with moderate force using plugger into 9 × 6 mm split molds. Each type of cement was then randomly divided into three groups (n=10). Specimens were exposed to environments with pH values of 4.4, 7.4, or 10.4 for 3 days. Cement pellets were compressed by using an Instron testing machine. Values were recorded and compared. Data were analyzed by using one-way analysis of variance and a post hoc Tukey’s test.
Results: After 3 days, the samples were solid when probed with an explorer before removing them from the molds. The greatest mean compressive strength 133.19±11.14 MPa was observed after exposure to a pH value of 10.4 for NanoWMTA. The values decreased to 111.41±8.26 MPa after exposure to a pH value of 4.4. Increasing of pH had a significant effect on the compressive strength of the groups (p<0.001). The mean compressive strength for the NanoWMTA was statistically higher than for ProRoot WMTA and Bioaggregate (p<0.001). Moreover, increasing of pH values had a significant effect on compressive strength of the experimental groups (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The compressive strength of NanoWMTA was significantly higher than WMTA and Bioaggregate; the more acidic the environmental pH, the lower was the compressive strength.
Key words:Compressive strength, mineral trioxide aggregate, Nano.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Ali Saghiri
- Department of Dental Material, Dental School, Azad University, Tehran Branch and Kamal Asgar Research Center, Tehran, Iran
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Effect of Various Endodontic Irrigants on the Push-out Bond Strength of Biodentine and Conventional Root Perforation Repair Materials. J Endod 2013; 39:380-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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