1
|
Duarte JCM, Costa IB, Teixeira DDB, Fregatto LF, Mendes CG, Mascarin AMN, da Silveira Junior SB, Serva BEBM, Comar LP, da Silva RG, Buchaim DV, Buchaim RL, Chagas EFB, Agostinho Junior F, Cola PC. Biochemical and Microbiological Aspects of the Oral Cavity of Children and Young People with Neurological Impairment and Oropharyngeal Dysphagia. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1342. [PMID: 37374125 DOI: 10.3390/life13061342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The components and the salivary flow have a direct influence on the composition of the oral microbiota of children and young people with oropharyngeal dysphagia, and studies have already demonstrated the excessive accumulation of supragingival dental calculus in individuals with enteral nutrition. This study aimed to compare the oral hygiene, biochemical, and microbiological aspects of the oral cavity of children and young people with neurological impairment and oropharyngeal dysphagia. Forty children and young people with neurological impairment and oropharyngeal dysphagia were enrolled and divided into two groups: group I, encompassing 20 participants fed via gastrostomy; and group II, encompassing 20 participants fed via the oral route. Oral hygiene and salivary pH and flow were assessed, and a polymerase chain reaction was performed to evaluate the messenger RNA expressions of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tanerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola. In groups I and II, the mean Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified scores were 4 and 2, respectively, showing a significant difference; the mean Calculus Index scores were 2 and 0, respectively, showing a significant difference; and the mean pH was 7.5 and 6.0, respectively, showing a significant difference. Bacterial analysis indicated no association between the two groups. It can be concluded that children and young people who use gastrostomy had a poorer oral hygiene, greater dental calculus deposition, and higher salivary pH. The saliva of patients in both groups contained Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tanerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janaina Costa Marangon Duarte
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-902, Brazil
| | - Isabela Bazzo Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Health, Production and Environment, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-902, Brazil
| | - Daniel de Bortoli Teixeira
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-902, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Health, Production and Environment, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-902, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Fregatto
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-902, Brazil
- Nursing School, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-902, Brazil
- UNIMAR Beneficent Hospital (HBU), University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-160, Brazil
| | - Claudemir Gregorio Mendes
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-902, Brazil
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biomedicine, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-902, Brazil
| | - Aline Maria Noli Mascarin
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-902, Brazil
- UNIMAR Beneficent Hospital (HBU), University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-160, Brazil
| | - Salum Bueno da Silveira Junior
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-902, Brazil
| | | | - Livia Picchi Comar
- Dentistry School, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-902, Brazil
| | - Roberta Gonçalves da Silva
- Dysphagia Research Rehabilitation Center, Graduate of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences Department, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Marilia 17525-900, Brazil
| | - Daniela Vieira Buchaim
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-902, Brazil
- Medical School, University Center of Adamantina (UNIFAI), Adamantina 17800-000, Brazil
| | - Rogerio Leone Buchaim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry (FOB/USP), University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (FMVZ/USP), São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Federighi Baisi Chagas
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-902, Brazil
| | - Francisco Agostinho Junior
- Child's Love Project, Projeto Amor de Criança, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-902, Brazil
| | - Paula Cristina Cola
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-902, Brazil
- Speech Therapy Department, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Marilia 17525-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Occhiogrosso L, Capozza P, Buonavoglia A, Decaro N, Trotta A, Marin C, Corrente M. Bacterial Periodontitis in Horses: An Epidemiological Study in Southern Italy. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1814. [PMID: 37889702 PMCID: PMC10251870 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Equine periodontal disease (EPD) is a painful oral inflammatory syndrome characterized by multifactorial pathogenesis. Although it is well known that bacterial proliferation and consequent gingivitis are caused by the decomposition process of food residues, in hypsodont species, the pathogenetic role and the different bacterial species involved in the progression of EPD must be fully clarified. This study aimed to investigate the association of bacteria, including the complex red bacteria (RCB), with EPD, and to evaluate possible EPD risk factors. Bacterial species, including Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis (belonging to the RCB), Fusobacterium nucleatum, Veilonella parvula, and Prevotella intermedia, were investigated in 125 oral swabs from healthy and EPD-affected horses using real-time multiplex PCR. Subsequently, possible risk factors (i.e., age, gender, and breed of the animals and type of feed used) were evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses. Tannerella spp. and Treponema spp. were detected in a significantly higher proportion of horses affected by EPD than in healthy animals, although pathogens belonging to RCB were detected in low number of horses. At the same time, none of the investigated pathogens was significantly associated with a particular stage of disease severity. Horses aged older than 20 years were at higher risk of EPD. The high rate of coinfection, statistically associated with EPD, supports the hypothesis that EPD is a complex syndrome characterized by the possible simultaneous involvement of several pathogens and an increased risk depending on the animal's age. Constant oral hygiene is the best prevention to prevent and treat the disease, especially in old animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Occhiogrosso
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Paolo Capozza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Alessio Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Adriana Trotta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Claudia Marin
- Department of Education, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Marialaura Corrente
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mosaddad SA, Hussain A, Tebyaniyan H. Green Alternatives as Antimicrobial Agents in Mitigating Periodontal Diseases: A Narrative Review. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1269. [PMCID: PMC10220622 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases and dental caries are the most common infectious oral diseases impacting oral health globally. Oral cavity health is crucial for enhancing life quality since it serves as the entranceway to general health. The oral microbiome and oral infectious diseases are strongly correlated. Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria have been associated with periodontal diseases. Due to the shortcomings of several antimicrobial medications frequently applied in dentistry, the lack of resources in developing countries, the prevalence of oral inflammatory conditions, and the rise in bacterial antibiotic resistance, there is a need for reliable, efficient, and affordable alternative solutions for the prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases. Several accessible chemical agents can alter the oral microbiota, although these substances also have unfavorable symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, and tooth discoloration. Natural phytochemicals generated from plants that have historically been used as medicines are categorized as prospective alternatives due to the ongoing quest for substitute products. This review concentrated on phytochemicals or herbal extracts that impact periodontal diseases by decreasing the formation of dental biofilms and plaques, preventing the proliferation of oral pathogens, and inhibiting bacterial adhesion to surfaces. Investigations examining the effectiveness and safety of plant-based medicines have also been presented, including those conducted over the past decade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Mosaddad
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-14336, Iran;
| | - Ahmed Hussain
- School of Dentistry, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Hamid Tebyaniyan
- Science and Research Branch, Islimic Azade University, Tehran 14878-92855, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sethasathien P, Tantivitayakul P, Teparat-Burana T. The effect of Er,Cr:YSGG laser on periodontopathic bacteria elimination: an in vitro study. Lasers Med Sci 2022; 37:2763-2771. [PMID: 35652988 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-022-03573-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In vitro bacterial elimination using the erbium, chromium: yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser against periodontopathic bacteria was investigated. Bacterial suspensions of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis were spread on agar plates and the Er,Cr:YSGG laser was applied at 40 mJ pulse energy for durations of 30 s, 60 s, and 90 s. The agar plates were incubated, and growth inhibition zones were assessed. Optimal laser irradiation durations to achieve maximal bacterial elimination were evaluated using laser ablation on the bacterial colonies. The remaining viable bacteria were determined by the colony-forming unit (CFU) counting method. Growth inhibition zones were observed at all irradiation durations for both A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis. Mean logarithmic values of CFU/ml after bacterial colony irradiation for 0 s (control), 12 s × 1 lap, 24 s × 1 lap, 48 s × 1 lap, and 24 s × 2 laps were 8.82 ± 0.35, 7.31 ± 0.94, 6.32 ± 0.61, 3.17 ± 2.90, and 0.00, respectively, for A. actinomycetemcomitans and 9.83 ± 0.50, 9.42 ± 0.11, 6.90 ± 1.60, 2.33 ± 3.19, and 0.00 for P. gingivalis. Significant differences were found between the control group and the two irradiated groups 48 s × 1 lap and 24 s × 2 laps (p < 0.05), and also between irradiated groups 12 s × 1 lap and 24 s × 2 laps (p < 0.05). An Er,Cr:YSGG laser with power setting 1.5 W and 30 Hz frequency showed potential for bacterial elimination against A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis in vitro. Significant bacterial elimination (> 99.99%) was observed after 48 s of irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pornpen Tantivitayakul
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Yothi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Thitiwan Teparat-Burana
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Yothi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
El Mobadder M, Nammour S, Namour M, Namour A, Grzech-Leśniak K. Disinfection Potential of 980 nm Diode Laser and Hydrogen Peroxide (3%) in "Critical Probing Depths" Periodontal Pockets: Retrospective Study. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12030370. [PMID: 35330121 PMCID: PMC8953835 DOI: 10.3390/life12030370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A successful treatment of periodontitis depends largely on the successful elimination of the periodontopathogens during non-surgical and surgical mechanical debridement. In this retrospective study, data collection was conducted from 2017 to 2021. The retrospective study included 128 patients with 128 sites of localized periodontitis with pocket depths > 5 mm. The included data were based on sites that received conventional mechanical debridement followed by different adjunctive approaches. In total, 30 patients did not receive any additional treatment (SRP group), 30 patients received SRP + 980 nm diode laser irradiation only (SRP + laser), 30 patients received SRP + 3% hydrogen peroxide irrigation (SRP + H2O2) only and 30 patients received a combined treatment of 3% hydrogen peroxide and 980 nm diode laser irradiation (SRP + H2O2 + laser). Total bacterial counts (TBC) in the periodontal pocket collected for all participants before treatment, immediately after treatment, 6 weeks after treatment, 12 weeks after treatment and 6 months after treatment were statistically analyzed and compared. When the laser was used, irradiation parameters were 10 μsec/pulse duration, 10 kHz, pick power of 10 W, average power of 1 W, irradiation time of one minute with inward and outward movements, and fiber diameter of 320 μm. The irradiation was repeated 3 times/pocket. When hydrogen peroxide was used, the irrigation was conducted for one minute and repeated 3 times. The maximum reduction in TBC was obtained when SRP was coupled with 3% H2O2 irrigation followed by 980 nm diode laser irradiation. After six months of follow-up, a significant reduction in TBC was obtained for the group of SRP + H2O2 + laser when compared to all the other groups, from 7.27 × 107 before intervention to 3.21 × 107 after six months. All three approaches to SRP showed a significant reduction in TBC immediately after treatment. Values were 3.52 × 107, 4.01 × 106, 9.58 × 106, 1.98 × 106 for SRP alone, SRP + diode, SRP + H2O2 and SRP + H2O2 + diode laser, respectively. At 6 months, we saw no significant difference between SRP + laser and SRP + H2O2 with 4.01 × 107 and 4.32 × 107, respectively. This retrospective study reveals that after SRP, irrigation with 3% hydrogen peroxide and irradiation with a 980 nm diode laser within specific treatment protocol can be used as an additional approach to conventional SRP to increase the disinfection of the periodontal pockets > 5 mm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marwan El Mobadder
- Dental Surgery Department, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +961-71-343-767
| | - Samir Nammour
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium; (S.N.); (M.N.); (A.N.)
| | - Melanie Namour
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium; (S.N.); (M.N.); (A.N.)
| | - Amaury Namour
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium; (S.N.); (M.N.); (A.N.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang BY, Lu T, Cai Q, Ho MH, Sheng S, Meng HW, Arsto L, Hong J, Xie H. Potential Microbiological Risk Factors Associated With Periodontitis and Periodontal Health Disparities. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:789919. [PMID: 34869082 PMCID: PMC8637773 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.789919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis disproportionately affects different racial and ethnic populations. In this study, we used qPCR to determine and compare oral microbial profiles in dental plaque samples from 191 periodontitis patients of different ethnic/racial backgrounds. We also obtained the periodontal parameters of these patients retrospectively using axiUm and performed statistical analysis using SAS 9.4. We found that in this patient cohort, neighborhood median incomes were significantly higher among Caucasians Americans (CAs) than among African Americans (AAs) and Hispanic Americans (HAs). Levels of total bacteria and Porphyromonas gingivalis, a keystone periodontal pathogen, were not evenly distributed among the three groups. We confirmed our previous findings that Streptococcus cristatus reduces P. gingivalis virulence potential and likely serves as a beneficial bacterium. We also showed the ratio of S. cristatus to P. gingivalis to be significantly higher in CAs than in HAs and AAs. Our results suggest that higher levels of P. gingivalis and lower ratios of S. cristatus to P. gingivalis may contribute to periodontal health disparities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Yan Wang
- School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Tom Lu
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Meng-Hsuan Ho
- School of Dentistry, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Sally Sheng
- School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Hsiu-Wan Meng
- School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Laura Arsto
- School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jianming Hong
- School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Hua Xie
- School of Dentistry, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chumponsuk T, Gruneck L, Gentekaki E, Jitprasertwong P, Kullawong N, Nakayama J, Popluechai S. The salivary microbiota of Thai adults with metabolic disorders and association with diet. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 122:105036. [PMID: 33421657 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.105036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate abundance of specific bacterial taxa in the saliva of 105 Thai adults with different BMI (lean, overweight, and obese) and T2DM subjects using qPCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene of various bacteria taxa. DESIGN We employed qPCR targeting 16S rRNA genes to explore the bacterial profiles and abundances in the saliva of Thai adult subjects with different BMI and T2DM. Multivariate statistical analyses (multiple factor analysis (MFA) and sparse Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (sPLS-DA) were performed to assess the associations of salivary bacteria with diet, blood profile, gender, age, and use of antibiotics. RESULTS We found that abundance profiles of the examined salivary bacteria were similar across the four groups. When diet, blood profile, and gender, age, and use of antibiotics were considered, significant differences were noted between subgroups. A positive correlation was also found between consumption of carbonate soft drinks and Bacteroidetes, Gamma-proteobacteria, Veillonella, Fusobacterium and Fusobacterium nucleatum. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study demonstrating the relative abundance of salivary bacteria in adult Thai subjects with different levels of BMI and T2DM. Regardless of the similar pattern of bacterial profiles across groups, sPLS-DA analysis highlighted the influence of host variables (gender, age, and use of antibiotics) on the abundance of salivary microbiota. Our findings pave the way for further hypothesis testing to gain insight into the association between host factors and salivary microbiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucsame Gruneck
- Gut Microbiome Research Group, Mae Fah Luang University, Muang, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Eleni Gentekaki
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Muang, Chiang Rai, Thailand; Gut Microbiome Research Group, Mae Fah Luang University, Muang, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Paiboon Jitprasertwong
- School of Geriatric Oral Health, Institute of Dentistry, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Niwed Kullawong
- School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Muang, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Jiro Nakayama
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Siam Popluechai
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Muang, Chiang Rai, Thailand; Gut Microbiome Research Group, Mae Fah Luang University, Muang, Chiang Rai, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sochaj-Gregorczyk A, Ksiazek M, Waligorska I, Straczek A, Benedyk M, Mizgalska D, Thøgersen IB, Enghild JJ, Potempa J. Plasmin inhibition by bacterial serpin: Implications in gum disease. FASEB J 2019; 34:619-630. [PMID: 31914706 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901490rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tannerella forsythia is a periodontopathogen that expresses miropin, a protease inhibitor in the serpin superfamily. In this study, we show that miropin is also a specific and efficient inhibitor of plasmin; thus, it represents the first proteinaceous plasmin inhibitor of prokaryotic origin described to date. Miropin inhibits plasmin through the formation of a stable covalent complex triggered by cleavage of the Lys368-Thr369 (P2-P1) reactive site bond with a stoichiometry of inhibition of 3.8 and an association rate constant (kass) of 3.3 × 105 M-1s-1. The inhibition of the fibrinolytic activity of plasmin was nearly as effective as that exerted by α2-antiplasmin. Miropin also acted in vivo by reducing blood loss in a mice tail bleeding assay. Importantly, intact T. forsythia cells or outer membrane vesicles, both of which carry surface-associated miropin, strongly inhibited plasmin. In intact bacterial cells, the antiplasmin activity of miropin protects envelope proteins from plasmin-mediated degradation. In summary, in the environment of periodontal pockets, which are bathed in gingival crevicular fluid consisting of 70% of blood plasma, an abundance of T. forsythia in the bacterial biofilm can cause local inhibition of fibrinolysis, which could have possible deleterious effects on the tooth-supporting structures of the periodontium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Miroslaw Ksiazek
- Malopolska Center of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.,Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Irena Waligorska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Straczek
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Benedyk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Danuta Mizgalska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ida B Thøgersen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan J Enghild
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan Potempa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.,Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Saquib SA, AlQahtani NA, Ahmad I, Kader MA, Al Shahrani SS, Asiri EA. Evaluation and Comparison of Antibacterial Efficacy of Herbal Extracts in Combination with Antibiotics on Periodontal pathobionts: An in vitro Microbiological Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 8:E89. [PMID: 31266146 PMCID: PMC6783985 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics8030089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past few decades focus of research has been toward herbal medicines because of growing bacterial resistance and side effects of antimicrobial agents. The extract derived from the plants may increase the efficacy of antibiotics when used in combination against pathogenic bacteria. In the current study, the synergistic antibacterial efficacy of plant extracts in combination with antibiotics has been assessed on selected periodontal pathogens. METHODS Ethanolic extracts were prepared from Salvadora persica (Miswak) and Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Ceylon cinnamon), by the soxhalate method. Plaque samples were collected from clinical periodontitis patients to isolate and grow the periodontal pathobionts under favorable conditions. Susceptibility of bacteria to the extracts was assessed by gauging the diameter of the inhibition zones. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of plant extracts were determined against each bacterium. Synergistic activity of plants extract in combination with antibiotics against the bacteria was also assessed by measuring the diameter of the inhibition zones. RESULTS Ethanolic extract of both the plants showed an inhibitory effect on the proliferation and growth of all four strains of periodontal pathobionts. Maximum antibacterial activity was exhibited by C. zeylanicum against Tannerella forsythia (MIC = 1.56 ± 0.24 mg/mL, MBC = 6.25 ± 0.68 mg/mL), whereas among all the studied groups the minimum activity was reported by C. zeylanicum against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans the (MIC = 12.5 ± 3.25 mg/mL, MBC = 75 ± 8.23 mg/mL). Combination of herbal extracts with different antibiotics revealed a synergistic antibacterial effect. The best synergism was exhibited by S. persica with metronidazole against A. actinomycetemcomitans (27 ± 1.78). CONCLUSIONS Current in vitro study showed variable antibacterial activity by experimented herbal extracts against periodontal pathobionts. The synergistic test showed significant antibacterial activity when plant extracts were combined with antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahabe Abullais Saquib
- Periodontics and Community Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 61321, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nabeeh Abdullah AlQahtani
- Periodontics and Community Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 61321, Saudi Arabia
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61321, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Abdul Kader
- Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 61321, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Elyas Ali Asiri
- Interns, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 61321, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gaál Kovalčíková A, Pančíková A, Konečná B, Klamárová T, Novák B, Kovaľová E, Podracká Ľ, Celec P, Tóthová Ľ. Urea and creatinine levels in saliva of patients with and without periodontitis. Eur J Oral Sci 2019; 127:417-424. [PMID: 31247131 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite the fact that saliva contains measurable concentrations of urea and creatinine, it is not widely used in clinical nephrology. One of the reasons is the high inter- and intra-individual variability in the salivary markers of kidney function. We hypothesized that gingival bleeding in patients with periodontitis could contribute to this variability by increasing the concentration of salivary urea or creatinine. Samples were collected from 25 patients with periodontitis and 29 healthy controls. In addition, saliva samples from five healthy volunteers were artificially contaminated with blood. The concentration of urea, but not that of creatinine, was more than twice as high in patients with periodontitis than in controls. Artificial contamination of saliva with blood did not affect the salivary concentration of creatinine. Salivary urea increased only with very high levels of contamination (≥2.5% blood in saliva), but that did not occur in patients. In conclusion, periodontitis increases the concentration of salivary urea, but this is not likely to be a result of contamination with blood. Future studies should investigate the composition of the oral microbiome, specifically regarding how it affects the concentration of salivary urea. Salivary creatinine seems to be a more robust non-invasive marker of renal functions than salivary urea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Gaál Kovalčíková
- Department of Paediatrics, National Institute of Children's Diseases and Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Barbora Konečná
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tatiana Klamárová
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Faculty of Health Care, Prešov University, Prešov, Slovakia
| | - Bohuslav Novák
- Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eva Kovaľová
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Faculty of Health Care, Prešov University, Prešov, Slovakia
| | - Ľudmila Podracká
- Department of Paediatrics, National Institute of Children's Diseases and Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Celec
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ľubomíra Tóthová
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ho M, Lamont RJ, Chazin WJ, Chen H, Young DF, Kumar P, Xie H. Characterization and development of SAPP as a specific peptidic inhibitor that targets Porphyromonas gingivalis. Mol Oral Microbiol 2018; 33:430-439. [PMID: 30298683 PMCID: PMC6246824 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a keystone bacterium in the oral microbial communities that elicits a dysbiosis between the microbiota and the host. Therefore, inhibition of this organism in dental plaques has been one of the strategies for preventing and treating chronic periodontitis. We previously identified a Streptococcal ArcA derived Anti-P gingivalils Peptide (SAPP) that in vitro, is capable of repressing the expression of several virulence genes in the organism. This leads to a significant reduction in P gingivalis virulence potential, including its ability to colonize on the surface of Streptococcus gordonii, to invade human oral epithelial cells, and to produce gingipains. In this study, we showed that SAPP had minimal cytotoxicity to human oral keratinocytes and gingival fibroblasts. We observed that SAPP directly bound to the cell surface of P gingivalis, and that alterations in the sequence at the N-terminus of SAPP diminished its abilities to interact with P gingivalis cells and repressed the expression of virulence genes. Most strikingly, we demonstrated using an ex-vivo assay that besides its inhibitory activity against P gingivalis colonization, SAPP could also reduce the levels of several other oral Gram-negative bacteria strongly associated with periodontitis in multispecies biofilms. Our results provide a platform for the development of SAPP-targeted therapeutics against chronic periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Ho
- Department of Oral Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - R. J. Lamont
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - W. J. Chazin
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - H. Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - D. F. Young
- General Practice Residency Program, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN. USA
| | - P. Kumar
- Department of Oral Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - H. Xie
- Department of Oral Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chanomethaporn A, Chayasadom A, Wara-Aswapati N, Kongwattanakul K, Suwannarong W, Tangwanichgapong K, Sumanonta G, Matangkasombut O, Dasanayake AP, Pitiphat W. Association between periodontitis and spontaneous abortion: A case-control study. J Periodontol 2018; 90:381-390. [PMID: 30367824 DOI: 10.1002/jper.18-0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spontaneous abortion, or miscarriage, is a complication of pregnancy which can severely affect women both physically and psychologically. We investigated the associations of periodontitis and periodontopathic bacteria with spontaneous abortion. METHODS We conducted a matched case-control study in two tertiary hospitals in Khon Kaen, Thailand. Cases were 85 women with spontaneous abortion at <20 weeks of gestation matched to 85 controls on age, gestational age, and hospital. Full-mouth periodontal examinations were performed. Periodontitis was defined as at least one site with probing depth ≥5 mm and clinical attachment level ≥2 mm at the same site. Subgingival plaque samples were collected to determine the levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Fusobacterium nucleatum using real time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The cases were significantly more likely to have periodontitis (50.6%) than the controls (21.2%; P = 0.007). Conditional logistic regression revealed a crude odds ratio (OR) of 4.1 for the association between periodontitis and spontaneous abortion (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.9-8.9, P = 0.001). The OR decreased, but was still significant, after controlling for previous miscarriage (OR = 3.3, 95% CI = 1.4-7.8, P = 0.006). There was no significant association between the levels of periodontopathic bacteria and spontaneous abortion. Increased levels of P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum were associated with periodontitis in both case and control groups. Association between increased T. forsythia levels and periodontitis was observed only in the case women. CONCLUSIONS Periodontitis was more common in women with spontaneous abortions as compared with matched controls. Levels of periodontopathic bacteria was not associated with spontaneous abortion in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anchana Chanomethaporn
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Anek Chayasadom
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Nawarat Wara-Aswapati
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Chronic Inflammatory Diseases and Systemic Diseases Associated with Oral Health Research Group, Khon Kaen University
| | | | - Waraporn Suwannarong
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | | | - Oranart Matangkasombut
- Department of Microbiology and Research Unit on Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ananda P Dasanayake
- Department of Epidemiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Waranuch Pitiphat
- Chronic Inflammatory Diseases and Systemic Diseases Associated with Oral Health Research Group, Khon Kaen University.,Department of Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rafiei M, Kiani F, Sayehmiri F, Sayehmiri K, Sheikhi A, Zamanian Azodi M. Study of Porphyromonas gingivalis in periodontal diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2017; 31:62. [PMID: 29445691 PMCID: PMC5804457 DOI: 10.18869/mjiri.31.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The mouth cavity hosts various types of anaerobic bacteria including Porphyromonas gingivalis, which causes periodontal
inflammatory diseases. P. gingivalis is a gram-negative oral anaerobe and is considered as a main etiological factor in periodontal
diseases. Several studies have reported a relationship between P. gingivalis in individuals with periodontal diseases and a critical role of
this bacterium in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. The present study aimed at estimating this probability using a meta-analysis.
Methods: We searched several databases including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science to identify case-control
studies addressing the relationship between P. gingivalis with periodontal diseases. A total of 49 reports published from different countries
from 1993 to 2014 were included in this study. I² (heterogeneity index) statistics were calculated to examine heterogeneity. Data
were analyzed using STATA Version 11.
Results: After a detailed analysis of the selected articles, 49 case-control studies with 5924 individuals fulfilled the inclusion criteria
for the meta-analysis. The healthy controls included 2600 healthy individuals with a Mean±SD age of 36.56±7.45 years. The periodontal
diseases group included 3356 patients with a mean age of 43.62±8.35 years. There was a statistically significant difference between P. gingivalis in periodontal patients and healthy controls; 9.24 (95% CI: 5.78 to 14.77; P = 0.000). In the other word, there was a significant
relationship between the presence of P. gingivalis and periodontal diseases.
Conclusion: Analyzing the results of the present study, we found a strong association between the presence of P. gingivalis and periodontal diseases. This result suggests that another research is needed to further assess this subject.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rafiei
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Faezeh Kiani
- Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sayehmiri
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kourosh Sayehmiri
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Abdolkarim Sheikhi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Mona Zamanian Azodi
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ruangcharoen S, Suwannarong W, Lachica MRCT, Bolscher JGM, Nazmi K, Khunkitti W, Taweechaisupapong S. Killing activity of LFchimera on periodontopathic bacteria and multispecies oral biofilm formation in vitro. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:167. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2334-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
15
|
Tomás I, Regueira-Iglesias A, López M, Arias-Bujanda N, Novoa L, Balsa-Castro C, Tomás M. Quantification by qPCR of Pathobionts in Chronic Periodontitis: Development of Predictive Models of Disease Severity at Site-Specific Level. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1443. [PMID: 28848499 PMCID: PMC5552702 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is little evidence available on the development of predictive models for the diagnosis or prognosis of chronic periodontitis based on the qPCR quantification of subgingival pathobionts. Our objectives were to: (1) analyze and internally validate pathobiont-based models that could be used to distinguish different periodontal conditions at site-specific level within the same patient with chronic periodontitis; (2) develop nomograms derived from predictive models. Subgingival plaque samples were obtained from control and periodontal sites (probing pocket depth and clinical attachment loss <4 mm and >4 mm, respectively) from 40 patients with moderate-severe generalized chronic periodontitis. The samples were analyzed by qPCR using TaqMan probes and specific primers to determine the concentrations of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), Parvimonas micra (Pm), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Tannerella forsythia (Tf), and Treponema denticola (Td). The pathobiont-based models were obtained using multivariate binary logistic regression. The best models were selected according to specified criteria. The discrimination was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves and numerous classification measures were thus obtained. The nomograms were built based on the best predictive models. Eight bacterial cluster-based models showed an area under the curve (AUC) ≥0.760 and a sensitivity and specificity ≥75.0%. The PiTfFn cluster showed an AUC of 0.773 (sensitivity and specificity = 75.0%). When Pm and AaPm were incorporated in the TdPiTfFn cluster, we detected the two best predictive models with an AUC of 0.788 and 0.789, respectively (sensitivity and specificity = 77.5%). The TdPiTfAa cluster had an AUC of 0.785 (sensitivity and specificity = 75.0%). When Pm was incorporated in this cluster, a new predictive model appeared with better AUC and specificity values (0.787 and 80.0%, respectively). Distinct clusters formed by species with different etiopathogenic role (belonging to different Socransky’s complexes) had a good predictive accuracy for distinguishing a site with periodontal destruction in a periodontal patient. The predictive clusters with the lowest number of bacteria were PiTfFn and TdPiTfAa, while TdPiTfAaFnPm had the highest number. In all the developed nomograms, high concentrations of these clusters were associated with an increased probability of having a periodontal site in a patient with chronic periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Tomás
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Department of Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS)Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alba Regueira-Iglesias
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Department of Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS)Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria López
- Department of Microbiology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña-Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A CoruñaA Coruña, Spain
| | - Nora Arias-Bujanda
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Department of Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS)Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lourdes Novoa
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Department of Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS)Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlos Balsa-Castro
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Department of Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS)Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria Tomás
- Department of Microbiology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña-Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A CoruñaA Coruña, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Montero E, Iniesta M, Rodrigo M, Marín MJ, Figuero E, Herrera D, Sanz M. Clinical and microbiological effects of the adjunctive use of probiotics in the treatment of gingivitis: A randomized controlled clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol 2017; 44:708-716. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Montero
- Periodontology - Faculty of Odontology; University Complutense; Madrid Spain
| | - Margarita Iniesta
- Periodontology - Faculty of Odontology; University Complutense; Madrid Spain
| | - Marta Rodrigo
- Periodontology - Faculty of Odontology; University Complutense; Madrid Spain
| | - María José Marín
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group; University Complutense; Madrid Spain
| | - Elena Figuero
- Periodontology - Faculty of Odontology; University Complutense; Madrid Spain
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group; University Complutense; Madrid Spain
| | - David Herrera
- Periodontology - Faculty of Odontology; University Complutense; Madrid Spain
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group; University Complutense; Madrid Spain
| | - Mariano Sanz
- Periodontology - Faculty of Odontology; University Complutense; Madrid Spain
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group; University Complutense; Madrid Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Prevalence of periodontal pathogens as predictor of the evolution of periodontal status. Odontology 2016; 105:467-476. [PMID: 27888369 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-016-0286-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, its fimA genotypes, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola and the evolution of periodontal health. In a longitudinal prospective study, samples of subgingival plaque were taken from 114 patients (37 with chronic periodontitis, 17 with gingivitis, and 60 periodontally healthy) in the course of a full periodontal examination. PCR was employed to determine the presence of the periodontopathogenic bacteria. Four years later, a second examination and sample collection were performed in 90 of these patients (20 with chronic periodontitis, 12 with gingivitis, and 58 periodontally healthy). T. forsythia, P. gingivalis, and T. denticola are the most prevalent bacteria in patients with chronic periodontitis (78.4%, 62.2 y 56.8%, respectively). The P. gingivalis bacterium and its fimA genotypes I, II, and IV showed the highest correlation between the baseline and follow-up assessments. P. gingivalis fimA genotype II and T. forsythia were associated to a significant degree with unfavourable periodontal evolution. Of the variables studied, P. gingivalis fimA genotype II and T. forsythia increase the risk of an unfavourable evolution of periodontal status.
Collapse
|
18
|
Porto AN, Borges AH, Rocatto G, Matos FZ, Borba AM, Pedro FLM, Lima SL, Tonetto MR, Bandéca MC, Aranha AMF. Periodontal and Microbiological Profile of Intensive Care Unit Inpatients. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016; 17:807-814. [PMID: 27794150 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The bidirectional relationship between the periodontal diseases and systemic diseases was attributed to the focal infection concept. The aims of this study were to assess the periodontal and microbiological profile of intensive care unit (ICU) inpatients submitted to orotracheal intubation, and classify them regarding gender, age group, ethnic, hospitalization reason and period, nosocomial infection occurrence, and death. MATERIALS AND METHODS Inpatients were assessed, distributed into toothed and toothless groups. The periodontal clinical condition was assessed 24 hours after the ICU admission through plaque index, gum index, probing depth, and clinical level of insertion. All microbiological samples were collected on the 6th day of admission. These samples were collected from different intraoral sites, depending on the group: In the toothed group, samples were collected from gingival sulcus and in the toothless group, from buccal mucosa and tongue. Identification for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), and Tannerella forsythia (Tf) was accomplished and analyzed, using absolute quantification and specific primer pairs through an amplification system with probes. RESULTS Forty subjects composed the sample: Gender characterized by 60% of male, 27.5% of all patients were older than 60, and 22.5% were hospitalized due to cerebrovascular accident. Regarding hospitalization period, 55% of patients were hospitalized for 6 days and 70% of them died during the period of hospitalization. Of inpatients, 40% presented periodontal disease and 100% presented dental biofilm on assessed sites. When assessing the microbiota, statistical significance was observed between Aa, Pg, and Tf, for both toothed and toothless group (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Large quantities of Aa were found in samples of toothless inpatients, a fact that suggests that the oral environment, even without teeth, presents favorable conditions for bacterial biofilm formation with a related pathogenic potential. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The dental biofilm may comprise pulmonary pathogen colonies, promoting a perfect environment for their growth and development, facilitating the colonization of the lower airways, as well as colonization by bacteria originally from the oral cavity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra N Porto
- Department of Postgraduate Program in Integrated Dental Science, Dental School, University of Cuiabá, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil, Phone: +556533631271, e-mail:
| | - Alvaro H Borges
- Department of Postgraduate Program in Integrated Dental Science, Dental School, University of Cuiabá, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Grace Rocatto
- Department of Postgraduate Program in Integrated Dental Science, Dental School, University of Cuiabá, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Z Matos
- Department of Postgraduate Program in Integrated Dental Science, Dental School, University of Cuiabá, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Alexandre M Borba
- Department of Postgraduate Program in Integrated Dental Science, Dental School, University of Cuiabá, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - F L Miranda Pedro
- Department of Postgraduate Program in Integrated Dental Science, Dental School, University of Cuiabá, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Suellen L Lima
- Department of Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, CEUMA University, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Mateus R Tonetto
- Department of Postgraduate Program in Integrated Dental Science, Dental School, University of Cuiabá, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Matheus C Bandéca
- Department of Postgraduate Program in Integrated Dental Science, Dental School, University of Cuiabá, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - A M Fabio Aranha
- Department of Postgraduate Program in Integrated Dental Science, Dental School, University of Cuiabá, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lanza E, Magan-Fernandez A, Bermejo B, de Rojas J, Marfil-Alvarez R, Mesa F. Complementary clinical effects of red complex bacteria on generalized periodontitis in a caucasian population. Oral Dis 2016; 22:430-7. [PMID: 26948988 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To relate five periodontopathogenic bacteria, including the red complex, to the severity, extent, and inflammation of the periodontal lesion in Caucasian patients with generalized aggressive and chronic periodontitis and to explore whether tobacco use is associated with a specific bacterial profile. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional and analytic study was conducted in patients with aggressive and chronic periodontitis. Data were gathered on socio-demographic and periodontal variables, and RH-PCR was used to determine subgingival bacterial profile. Linear and logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS The study included 60 patients with aggressive and 123 with chronic periodontitis. Total red complex bacteria count was higher in aggressive periodontitis, mainly due to T. denticola (P = 0.015). In both periodontitis types, models showed an association between T. forsythia count and probing depth (B = 0.157, P = 0.030) and between T. denticola count and higher bleeding scores (B = 2.371, P = 0.027). Smoking did not affect the red complex bacteria count in either disease. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of red complex bacteria was similar between aggressive and chronic periodontitis, but their count was higher in the former. In both diseases, T. forsythia was associated with greater severity and T. denticola with more severe bleeding. Tobacco smoking was not associated with the presence of red complex bacteria in either disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Lanza
- Private Periodontology Practice, Malaga, Spain
| | - A Magan-Fernandez
- Periodontology Department, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - B Bermejo
- Echevarne Microbiology Laboratory, Malaga, Spain
| | - J de Rojas
- Private Periodontology Practice, Malaga, Spain
| | - R Marfil-Alvarez
- Periodontology Department, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - F Mesa
- Periodontology Department, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Inverse Association of Plasma IgG Antibody to Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and High C-Reactive Protein Levels in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome and Periodontitis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148638. [PMID: 26871443 PMCID: PMC4752452 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between clinically diagnosed periodontitis, a common chronic oral infection, and metabolic syndrome has been previously reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of plasma IgG levels against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Prevotella intermedia, C-reactive protein, and periodontal status with metabolic syndrome. Plasma IgG levels and C-reactive protein were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and salivary levels of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Among 127 individuals aged 35–76 years, 57 participants had metabolic syndrome and severe periodontitis, 25 had metabolic syndrome and an absence of severe periodontitis, 17 healthy individuals had severe periodontitis, and 28 healthy individuals were without severe periodontitis. Patients with metabolic syndrome had reduced humoral immune response to A. actinomycetemcomitans (p = 0.008), regardless of their salivary levels or periodontitis status compared with healthy participants. The IgG antibody response to P. gingivalis, regardless of their salivary levels or participants’ health condition, was significantly higher in severe periodontitis patients (p<0.001). Plasma IgG titers for P. intermedia were inconsistent among metabolic syndrome or periodontal participants. Our results indicate that the presence of lower levels of IgG antibodies to A. actinomycetemcomitans (OR = 0.1; 95%CI 0.0–0.7), but not P. gingivalis, a severe periodontitis status (OR = 7.8; 95%CI 1.1–57.0), high C-reactive protein levels (OR = 9.4; 95%CI 1.0–88.2) and body mass index (OR = 3.0; 95%CI 1.7–5.2), are associated with the presence of metabolic syndrome. The role of the decreased IgG antibody response to A. actinomycetemcomitans, increased C-reactive protein levels on the association between periodontal disease and metabolic syndrome in a group of Thai patients is suggested.
Collapse
|
21
|
Oxidative Stress Parameters in Saliva and Its Association with Periodontal Disease and Types of Bacteria. DISEASE MARKERS 2015; 2015:653537. [PMID: 26494938 PMCID: PMC4606402 DOI: 10.1155/2015/653537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective. To determine the association between oxidative stress parameters with periodontal disease, bleeding, and the presence of different periodontal bacteria. Methods. A cross-sectional study in a sample of eighty-six patients, divided into three groups depending on their periodontal status. Thirty-three with chronic periodontitis, sixteen with gingivitis, and thirty-seven with periodontal healthy as control. Oxidative stress biomarkers (8-OHdG and MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAOC), and the activity of two antioxidant enzymes (GPx and SOD) were determined in saliva. Subgingival plaque samples were obtained from the deepest periodontal pocket and PCR was used to determine the presence of the 6 fimA genotypes of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola. Results. Periodontal disease was found to be associated with increased oxidative stress parameter levels. These levels rose according to the number and type of different periodontal bacteria found in the periodontal pockets. The presence of different types of periodontal bacteria is predictive independent variables in linear regresion models of oxidative stress parameters as dependent variable, above all 8-OHdG. Conclusions. Oxidative stress parameter levels are correlated with the presence of different types of bacteria. Determination of these levels and periodontal bacteria could be a potent tool for controlling periodontal disease development.
Collapse
|
22
|
Torrungruang K, Jitpakdeebordin S, Charatkulangkun O, Gleebbua Y. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Treponema denticola / Prevotella intermedia Co-Infection Are Associated with Severe Periodontitis in a Thai Population. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136646. [PMID: 26313005 PMCID: PMC4552424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a polymicrobial infection of tooth-supporting tissues. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the associations between five target species and severe periodontitis in a Thai population. Using the CDC/AAP case definition, individuals diagnosed with no/mild and severe periodontitis were included. Quantitative analyses of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Tannerella forsythia (Tf), Treponema denticola (Td), and Prevotella intermedia (Pi) in subgingival plaque were performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The association between target species and severe periodontitis was examined using logistic regression analysis. The study subjects comprised 479 individuals with no/mild periodontitis and 883 with severe periodontitis. Bacterial prevalence and quantity were higher in subjects with severe periodontitis than in those with no/mild disease. In the fully adjusted model, all species except Tf showed a dose-dependent relationship with periodontitis. The mere presence of Pg, even in low amount, was significantly associated with severe periodontitis, while the amount of Aa, Td, and Pi had to reach the critical thresholds to be significantly associated with disease. Compared to individuals with low levels of both Td and Pi, high colonization by either Td or Pi alone significantly increased the odds of having severe periodontitis by 2.5 (95%CI 1.7-3.5) folds. The odds ratio was further increased to 14.8 (95%CI 9.2-23.8) in individuals who were highly colonized by both species. Moreover, the presence of Pg and high colonization by Aa were independently associated with severe periodontitis with odds ratios of 5.6 (95%CI 3.4-9.1) and 2.2 (95%CI 1.5-3.3), respectively. Our findings suggest that the presence of Pg and high colonization by Aa, Td, and Pi play an important role in severe periodontitis in this study population. We also demonstrate for the first time that individuals co-infected with Td and Pi were more likely to have periodontitis than were those infected with a single pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kitti Torrungruang
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Orawan Charatkulangkun
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yingampa Gleebbua
- Health Division, Medical and Health Department, Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hashimoto M, Yamazaki T, Hamaguchi M, Morimoto T, Yamori M, Asai K, Isobe Y, Furu M, Ito H, Fujii T, Terao C, Mori M, Matsuo T, Yoshitomi H, Yamamoto K, Yamamoto W, Bessho K, Mimori T. Periodontitis and Porphyromonas gingivalis in preclinical stage of arthritis patients. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122121. [PMID: 25849461 PMCID: PMC4388350 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine whether the presence of periodontitis (PD) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) in the subgingival biofilm associates with the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in treatment naïve preclinical stage of arthritis patients. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study of 72 consecutive patients with arthralgia who had never been treated with any anti-rheumatic drugs or glucocorticoids. Periodontal status at baseline was assessed by dentists. PD was defined stringently by the maximal probing depth≧4 mm, or by the classification by the 5th European Workshop in Periodontology (EWP) in 2005 using attachment loss. Up to eight plaque samples were obtained from each patient and the presence of Pg was determined by Taqman PCR. The patients were followed up for 2 years and introduction rate of methotrexate (MTX) treatment on the diagnosis of RA was compared in patients with or without PD or Pg. Results Patients with PD (probing depth≧4mm) had higher arthritis activity (p = 0.02) and higher risk for future introduction of MTX treatment on the diagnosis of RA during the follow up than patients without PD (Hazard ratio 2.68, p = 0.03). Arthritis activity and risk for MTX introduction increased with the severity of PD assessed by EWP, although not statistically significant. On the other hand, presence of Pg was not associated with arthritis activity (p = 0.72) or the risk for MTX introduction (p = 0.45). Conclusion In treatment naïve arthralgia patients, PD, but not the presence of Pg, associates with arthritis activity and future requirement of MTX treatment on the diagnosis of RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Motomu Hashimoto
- Department of the Control for Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Toru Yamazaki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahide Hamaguchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Morimoto
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masashi Yamori
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keita Asai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yu Isobe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Moritoshi Furu
- Department of the Control for Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiromu Ito
- Department of the Control for Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takao Fujii
- Department of the Control for Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chikashi Terao
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masato Mori
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuo
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yoshitomi
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulative Technology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiichi Yamamoto
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Wataru Yamamoto
- Department of Health Information Management, Kurashiki Sweet Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Bessho
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsuneyo Mimori
- Department of the Control for Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Di Bello A, Buonavoglia A, Franchini D, Valastro C, Ventrella G, Greco MF, Corrente M. Periodontal disease associated with red complex bacteria in dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2014; 55:160-3. [PMID: 24450418 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Red complex bacteria (Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia and Porphyromonas gingivalis) play a major role in the aetiology of periodontal disease in humans. This study was designed to evaluate the association of such bacteria with periodontal disease in dogs. METHODS Seventy-three subgingival samples taken from dogs ranging from 2 months to 12 years (median age 4 years) were tested for red complex bacteria using a polymerase chain reaction assay. RESULTS Thirty-six of 73 (49 · 3%) dogs were found to be positive for T. forsythia and P. gingivalis. Dogs with gingivitis or periodontitis were more likely to be infected with T. forsythia and P. gingivalis [odds ratio (OR) 5 · 4 (confidence interval (CI) 1 · 9-15 · 6), P = 0 · 002] than healthy animals. Only 3 (4 · 1%) of 73 samples were positive for red complex bacteria, but the association with periodontal disease was not significant. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The results indicate that involvement of red complex bacteria in periodontal disease in dogs is similar to that observed in humans. Only the concurrent presence of T. forsythia and P. gingivalis were correlated to periodontal disease in dogs in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Di Bello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Murakami M, Suzuki JI, Yamazaki S, Ikezoe M, Matsushima R, Ashigaki N, Aoyama N, Kobayashi N, Wakayama K, Akazawa H, Komuro I, Izumi Y, Isobe M. High incidence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans infection in patients with cerebral infarction and diabetic renal failure: a cross-sectional study. BMC Infect Dis 2013; 13:557. [PMID: 24267704 PMCID: PMC4222637 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent epidemiological studies suggest that periodontitis is a major risk factor for renal failure and cerebral infarction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association among periodontitis, renal failure, and cerebral infarction, focusing on microbiological and immunological features. METHODS Twenty-one patients treated with hemodialysis (HD) were enrolled in this study. They were 8 with diabetic nephropathy and 13 with non-diabetic nephropathy. Blood examination, periodontal examination, brain magnetic resonance image (MRI), and dental radiography were performed on all patients. Subgingival plaque, saliva, and blood samples were analyzed for the periodontal pathogens, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans), Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), and Prevotella intermedia (P. intermedia) using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS We found that the patients with diabetic nephropathy had more A. actinomycetemcomitans compared with non-diabetic nephropathy (P = 0.038) in dental plaque. Furthermore, the patients with diabetic nephropathy showed a significantly higher incidence of cerebral infarction compared with those with non-diabetic nephropathy (P = 0.029). Clinical oral and radiographic scores tended to be higher among patients in the diabetic nephropathy group than in the non-diabetic nephropathy group. CONCLUSIONS Periodontal pathogens, particularly A. actinomycetemcomitans, may play a role, at least a part, in the development of cerebral infarction in Japanese HD patients with diabetic nephropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Murakami
- Department of Advanced Clinical Science and Therapeutics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Charalampakis G, Dahlén G, Carlén A, Leonhardt Å. Bacterial markers vs. clinical markers to predict progression of chronic periodontitis: a 2-yr prospective observational study. Eur J Oral Sci 2013; 121:394-402. [DOI: 10.1111/eos.12080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Charalampakis
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology; Institute of Odontology; The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg; Sweden
| | - Gunnar Dahlén
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology; Institute of Odontology; The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg; Sweden
| | - Anette Carlén
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology; Institute of Odontology; The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg; Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Aemaimanan P, Amimanan P, Taweechaisupapong S. Quantification of key periodontal pathogens in insulin-dependent type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic patients with generalized chronic periodontitis. Anaerobe 2013; 22:64-8. [PMID: 23827459 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2013.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a common problem in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), however, differences in the putative periodontal pathogens in subjects with DM compared to non-DM subjects are still inconclusive. The red complex, which includes Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia, encompasses the most important pathogens in adult periodontal disease. The aim of the present study was to compare cell numbers of P. gingivalis, T. denticola, T. forsythia and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in gingival sulcus of healthy, gingivitis and periodontitis sites of non-diabetes mellitus (NDM), controlled and poorly controlled insulin-dependent DM (CDM and PDM) patients with generalized chronic periodontitis. Subgingival plaque samples were collected from 19 CDM, 19 PDM and 19 NDM patients. Taqman real time-PCR was used to determine bacterial cell number. At subject level, the quantity of red complex bacteria was significantly higher in PDM than those of NDM and positively correlated with HbA1c. At site level (total 342 sites), cell numbers of T. denticola and T. forsythia in healthy sites of CDM and PDM were significantly higher than those of NDM. In gingivitis sites, the numbers of P. gingivalis in CDM and PDM and T. forsythia in PDM were significantly higher than those of NDM while in periodontitis sites, higher quantity of P. gingivalis in PDM was observed. Our study indicated that poor glycemic control is associated with increasing cell numbers of red complex bacteria in subgingival biofilm.
Collapse
|
28
|
Canabarro A, Valle C, Farias MR, Santos FB, Lazera M, Wanke B. Association of subgingival colonization of Candida albicans and other yeasts with severity of chronic periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2012; 48:428-32. [PMID: 23137301 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between the subgingival colonization by Candida albicans and other yeasts with the severity of chronic periodontitis (CP). MATERIAL AND METHODS After sample size calculation, 40 patients with CP and 20 healthy subjects (HS) were included in the study. Cases of slight-moderate (MCP, n = 23) and severe CP (SCP, n = 17) were defined according to the Centers for Disease Control/American Association of Periodontology classification. Subgingival samples were acquired using sterile paper-points from the sulcus or the deepest periodontal pocket of each healthy and subject with CP, respectively, and were cultured aerobically on three selective media. Yeast colonies that grew on the surface of plates were later identified by biochemical reactions. Statistical tests were used to analyze the association between subgingival yeast colonization (number of yeast-positive individuals and colony forming units (CFU) per subject) and periodontal disease status, considering statistical significance when P < 0.05. RESULTS Although several yeast species were found (C. parapisilosis, Rhodotorula sp., C. dubliniensis and C. tropicalis), only C. albicans was present in all the patients with yeast-positive CP. Twelve patients (30%) with CP presented yeasts in the subgingival biofilm while only three patients (15%) in the HS group were positive for these microorganisms. No statistical difference was found between the CP and HS groups (P = 0.084). However, when the CP group was divided on the basis of severity, statistical differences were observed between the SCP and MCP groups (47% vs. 17%, P = 0.043), and between the SCP and HS groups (47% vs. 15%, P = 0.033). No statistical difference was observed between the MCP and HS groups (17% vs. 15%, P = 0.832). High densities of yeasts were found only in patients with MCP and SCP (mean and range 61.25 (0-100) CFU/plate and mean and range 51 (0-101) CFU/plate, respectively). CONCLUSION In this group of patients, subgingival colonization of some yeasts, especially C. albicans, was associated with the severity of CP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Canabarro
- Department of Periodontology, Universidade Veiga de Almeida, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Puig-Silla M, Dasí-Fernández F, Montiel-Company JM, Almerich-Silla JM. Prevalence of fimA genotypes of Porphyromonas gingivalis and other periodontal bacteria in a Spanish population with chronic periodontitis. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2012; 17:e1047-53. [PMID: 22549664 PMCID: PMC3505701 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.17009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the different fimA genotypes of Porphyromonas gingivalis in adult Spanish patients with chronic periodontitis, patients with gingivitis and periodontally healthy subjects, and the relationship between these genotypes and other periodontopathogenic bacteria.
Study design: Samples of subgingival plaque were taken from 86 patients (33 with chronic periodontitis, 16 with gingivitis, and 37 periodontally healthy) in the course of a full periodontal examination. PCR was employed to determine the presence of the 6 fimA genotypes of Porphyromonas gingivalis (I-V and Ib) and of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola.
Results: Porphyromonas gingivalis fimA genotypes II and Ib were present in significantly higher percentages in periodontal patients (39.4% and 12.1% respectively) than in healthy or gingivitis subjects. The prevalence of Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Porphyromonas gingivalis fimA genotype IV was significantly higher in the group that presented bleeding greater than 30%. A positive correlation was found between Porphyromonas gingivalis fimA genotype IV and Treponema denticola.
Conclusions: A strong association between Porphyromonas gingivalis fimA genotypes II and Ib and chronic periodontitis exists in the Spanish population. The most prevalent genotype in periodontal patients is II.
Key words:Periodontitis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, fimA genotype, periodontal bacteria, polymerase chain reaction.
Collapse
|
30
|
Chaiyarit P, Chayasadom A, Wara-Aswapati N, Hormdee D, Sittisomwong S, Nakaresisoon S, Samson MH, Pitiphat W, Giraud AS. Trefoil Factors in Saliva and Gingival Tissues of Patients With Chronic Periodontitis. J Periodontol 2012; 83:1129-38. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2011.110431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
31
|
Farias B, Souza P, Ferreira B, Melo R, Machado F, Gusmão E, Cimões R. Occurrence of periodontal pathogens among patients with chronic periodontitis. Braz J Microbiol 2012; 43:909-16. [PMID: 24031906 PMCID: PMC3768898 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822012000300009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence of the periodontal pathogens that form the red complex (Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola) and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in patients with chronic periodontitis. The sample consisted of 29 patients with a clinical and radiographic diagnosis of chronic periodontitis based on the criteria of the American Academy of Periodontology (3). Samples for microbiological analysis were collected from the four sites of greatest probing depth in each patient, totaling 116 samples. These samples were processed using conventional polymerase chain reaction, which achieved the following positive results: 46.6% for P. gingivalis, 41.4% for T. forsythia, 33.6% for T. denticola and 27.6% for A. actinomycetemcomitans. P. gingivalis and T. forsythia were more prevalent (p < 0.05) in periodontal pockets ≥ 8 mm. The combinations T. forsythia + P. gingivalis (23.2%) and T. forsythia + P. gingivalis + T. denticola (20.0%) were more frequent in sites with a probing depth ≥ 8 mm. Associations with the simultaneous presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans + P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans + T. forsythia, P. gingivalis + T. forsythia and T. forsythia + T. denticola were statistically significant (p < 0.05). It was concluded that the red complex pathogens are related to chronic periodontitis, presenting a higher occurrence in deep periodontal pockets. Moreover, the simultaneous presence of these bacteria in deep sites suggests a symbiotic relationship between these virulent species, favoring, in this way, a further progression of periodontal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B.C. Farias
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil
| | - P.R.E. Souza
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal Rura Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil
| | - B. Ferreira
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil
| | - R.S.A. Melo
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil
| | - F.B. Machado
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil
| | - E.S. Gusmão
- Departamento de Medicina Oral da Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil
| | - R. Cimões
- Departamento de Prótese e Cirurgia Buco-Facial, da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Cao H, Qi Z, Jiang H, Zhao J, Liu Z, Tang Z. Detection of Porphyromonas endodontalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia in primary endodontic infections in a Chinese population. Int Endod J 2012; 45:773-81. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2012.02035.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
33
|
Quantitative analysis of microbiota in saliva, supragingival, and subgingival plaque of Chinese adults with chronic periodontitis. Clin Oral Investig 2011; 16:1579-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-011-0654-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
34
|
Symptomatic and asymptomatic apical periodontitis associated with red complex bacteria: clinical and microbiological evaluation. Odontology 2011; 101:84-8. [PMID: 22143381 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-011-0053-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the association of red complex (RC) bacteria that include Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia and Porphyromonas gingivalis with acute, exacerbated or chronic apical periodontitis was evaluated. Seventy-one patients with periapical disease were evaluated by clinical examination and microbiological samples obtained from the root canals were analyzed by a polymerase chain reaction assay. Twenty-one (29.6%) samples were positive for RC bacteria, with T. denticola, T. forsythia and P. gingivalis being detected in 14 (19.7%), 10 (14.1%) and 6 (8.5%) samples, respectively. RC bacteria were mainly associated with acute apical periodontitis (29.2%) and phoenix abscess (63.2%), while they were only sporadically detected (7.1%) in patients with chronic apical periodontitis. Generally, RC bacteria were associated with pain and a higher frequency of intracanalar/intrasulcular pus drainage. Involvement of RC bacteria in symptomatic periapical disease should be suspected in the presence of particularly severe clinical pain and pus drainage.
Collapse
|
35
|
|
36
|
da Silva-Boghossian CM, do Souto RM, Luiz RR, Colombo APV. Association of red complex, A. actinomycetemcomitans and non-oral bacteria with periodontal diseases. Arch Oral Biol 2011; 56:899-906. [PMID: 21397893 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pathogens related to systemic infections have been detected in the periodontal microbiota. The relationship amongst these pathogens, periodontal bacteria and periodontal clinical status is poorly understood. This study evaluated the association amongst red complex, A. actinomycetemcomitans (A.a) and non-oral pathogenic bacteria in subjects with good periodontal health (PH), gingivitis (G), chronic (CP) and aggressive (AP) periodontitis. METHODS Subgingival biofilm samples were obtained from 51 PH, 42 G, 219 CP and 90 AP subjects. The presence and levels of A.a, red complex (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola), Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus were determined by DNA probes and DNA-DNA hybridization technique. RESULTS CP and AP subjects presented significantly higher prevalence and levels of A.a, red complex and A. baumannii than G and PH individuals (p<0.01), whereas S. aureus was detected in lower frequency and counts in AP as compared to the other groups (p<0.001). The predictor variables age, prevalence of red complex, and the presence of A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa were strongly associated with the frequency of sites with PD and CAL ≥5 mm. Increasing age (OR 1.08), high frequency of red complex (OR 6.10), and the presence of A.a with P. aeruginosa (OR 1.90) were associated with periodontal disease (p<0.001). Subjects harbouring a high prevalence of A.a, A. baumannii, and red complex with P. aeruginosa were more likely to have AP than CP (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Putative periodontal pathogens and non-oral bacteria alone or in association were strongly associated with periodontitis.
Collapse
|
37
|
López R, Dahlén G, Retamales C, Baelum V. Clustering of subgingival microbial species in adolescents with’ periodontitis. Eur J Oral Sci 2011; 119:141-50. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2011.00808.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
38
|
Choonharuangdej S, Chutinet A, Kuphasuk Y. Crevicular Porphyromonas gingivalis-specific immunoglobulin A levels in healthy and periodontitis-affected Thai cohorts. JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE AND CLINICAL DENTISTRY 2011; 2:43-50. [PMID: 25427327 DOI: 10.1111/j.2041-1626.2010.00039.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Abstract Aim: Immunoglobulin A is a key humoral immune component involved in defense mechanisms against infections. Periodontitis, the chronic inflammatory disease causing periodontal destruction, adversely affects adults worldwide, including Thailand. As the development of periodontitis is partly mediated by immune components, levels of total and Porphyromonas gingivalis-specific immunoglobulin A in gingival crevicular fluid of Thai cohorts were studied. METHODS Gingival crevicular fluid was collected from 24 patients with severe generalized chronic periodontitis and 22 healthy controls. The amount and concentration of total and Porphyromonas gingivalis-specific immunoglobulin A in each gingival crevicular fluid sample were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The control group contained the highest concentrations of both types of gingival crevicular fluid-immunoglobulin A, but the lowest levels of these antibodies were found in the deep sites of the periodontitis group. Moreover, the concentrations of gingival crevicular fluid-immunoglobulin A and the degree of periodontitis severity appeared to have an inverse relationship. There was no significant difference in the amounts of gingival crevicular fluid-immunoglobulin A in the control and periodontitis groups. CONCLUSIONS This study supports the hypothesis that high concentrations of specific gingival crevicular fluid-immunoglobulin A antibodies directed against Porphyromonas gingivalis, a potent periodontic microorganism, could retard periodontitis development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suwan Choonharuangdej
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand Department of General Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Srinakarinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Deng T, Wang L, Lv J, Pang J, Liu B, Du Y, Ke J. Association of three bacterial species and periodontal status in Chinese adults: an epidemiological approach. J Clin Microbiol 2011; 49:184-8. [PMID: 21106792 PMCID: PMC3020465 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01819-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Revised: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 11/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Tannerella forsythia are oral pathogens associated with periodontitis. The association between these three bacteria and periodontal disease has been reported in populations of many countries. However, corresponding data in Chinese populations are still lacking. The aim of this study was to detect these pathogens in subgingival plaque collected from 468 subjects with chronic periodontitis in a group of Chinese adults by using a PCR method and to determine the degree of association between the target bacteria and periodontal status based on logistic regression analysis. A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, and T. forsythia were found in 20.5%, 70.7%, and 77.1% of the subjects, respectively. About one-third (36.1%) of subjects had chronic periodontitis. Upon univariate analysis, age, male gender, current smoking status, diabetes, and the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans or P. gingivalis were positively associated with chronic periodontitis, whereas education and income exhibited inverse associations with chronic periodontitis. Upon multivariate analysis, education, current smoking status, diabetes, and the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis remained significant. The adjusted odds ratios for having chronic periodontitis were 2.5 and 3.4 in subjects positive for A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis, respectively. However, no significant association was observed between the presence of T. forsythia and periodontal status. This study assesses the prevalence of periodontal pathogens and chronic periodontitis and the associations with sociodemographic characteristics among this group of Chinese adults. These findings also suggest that PCR should be considered for field oral epidemiologic studies and may be necessary in investigations presenting major logistic challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianzheng Deng
- Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of the Air Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, No. 30 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China, Institute of Geriatric Cardiology, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing 100853, China, Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Stomatology Center, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of the Air Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, No. 30 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China, Institute of Geriatric Cardiology, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing 100853, China, Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Stomatology Center, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jing Lv
- Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of the Air Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, No. 30 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China, Institute of Geriatric Cardiology, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing 100853, China, Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Stomatology Center, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jianliang Pang
- Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of the Air Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, No. 30 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China, Institute of Geriatric Cardiology, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing 100853, China, Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Stomatology Center, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of the Air Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, No. 30 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China, Institute of Geriatric Cardiology, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing 100853, China, Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Stomatology Center, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yan Du
- Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of the Air Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, No. 30 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China, Institute of Geriatric Cardiology, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing 100853, China, Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Stomatology Center, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jie Ke
- Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of the Air Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, No. 30 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China, Institute of Geriatric Cardiology, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing 100853, China, Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Stomatology Center, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing 100853, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Transcriptional profiles of Treponema denticola in response to environmental conditions. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13655. [PMID: 21048920 PMCID: PMC2965109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The periodontal pathogen T. denticola resides in a stressful environment rife with challenges, the human oral cavity. Knowledge of the stress response capabilities of this invasive spirochete is currently very limited. Whole genome expression profiles in response to different suspected stresses including heat shock, osmotic downshift, oxygen and blood exposure were examined. Most of the genes predicted to encode conserved heat shock proteins (HSPs) were found to be induced under heat and oxygen stress. Several of these HSPs also seem to be important for survival in hypotonic solutions and blood. In addition to HSPs, differential regulation of many genes encoding metabolic proteins, hypothetical proteins, transcriptional regulators and transporters was observed in patterns that could betoken functional associations. In summary, stress responses in T. denticola exhibit many similarities to the corresponding stress responses in other organisms but also employ unique components including the induction of hypothetical proteins.
Collapse
|