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Baus-Domínguez M, Gómez-Díaz R, Torres-Lagares D, Gutiérrez-Pérez JL, Machuca-Portillo G, Serrera-Figallo MÁ. Retrospective Case-Control Study Genes Related to Bone Metabolism That Justify the Condition of Periodontal Disease and Failure of Dental Implants in Patients with down Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097723. [PMID: 37175429 PMCID: PMC10178122 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome patients show success rates in dental implants much lower than those observed in the general population. This retrospective case-control study aimed to identify possible genes that are related to the regulation of inflammatory responses and bone metabolism related to periimplantitis and implant loss, as well as genes related to bone quality. This process involved using the functional analysis of the gene expression software Transcriptome Analysis Console (TAC version 4.0 Applied BiosystemsTM, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and a search for possible candidate genes involved. The focus was placed on the 93 genes related to periodontitis, periimplantitis, bone loss, implant loss, and genes related to bone quality and regulators underlying the establishment and maintenance of osseointegration. Five genes showed statistically significant results (p < 0.05) in our comparison. Four of them, IL1B (p = 0.023), IL1RN (p = 0.048), BGLAP (p = 0.0372) and PTK2 (p = 0.0075) were down-regulated in the periodontal disease and implant rejection group, and only one was overexpressed: FOXO1A (p = 0.0552). The genes with statistically significant alterations described in this article determine that the group of Down syndrome patients with periodontal disease and implant failure is a group of patients genetically susceptible to suffering from both conditions together.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Baus-Domínguez
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | | | - Daniel Torres-Lagares
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Jose-Luis Gutiérrez-Pérez
- Oral and Maxillofacial Unit, Virgen del Rocio Hospital, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Oral Surgery Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
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Joseph B, Javali MA, Khader MA, AlQahtani SM, Mohammed A. Salivary Osteocalcin as Potential Diagnostic Marker of Periodontal Bone Destruction among Smokers. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E380. [PMID: 32121498 PMCID: PMC7175335 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
: The objective of the study was to assess the levels and diagnostic accuracy of salivary osteocalcin (OC), osteonectin (ON), and deoxypyridinoline-containing degradation fragment of the C-terminal telopeptide region of type I collagen (CTX) in adult smokers with periodontal bone destruction. Towards this, ninety systemically healthy patients (groups I: healthy, II: periodontitis with non-smokers, and III: periodontitis with current smokers) were included in the study. The results showed a positive correlation (weak to moderate) was observed for OC, ON, and CTX with probing pocket depth (PPD; r = 0.40, 0.32, and 0.36) and alveolar bone loss (BL; r = 0.58, 0.38, and 0.51) (p < 0.01). Smoker periodontitis was best discriminated from healthy controls using 15.25 ng/mL of OC (AUC: 0.870; 95% CI: 0.757-0.943; YI (Youden Index): 0.693; p < 0.0001). However, with a cut-off of BL at 33.33%, 19.24 ng/mL of salivary OC gave the best discrimination (AUC: 0.809; 95% CI: 0.686-0.900; Se: 80.0%; Sp: 73.47%, and YI: 0.534). A 16.45 ng/mL amount of OC gave excellent discrimination (AUC: 0.811; 95% CI: 0.688-0.901; Se: 92.31%; Sp: 65.22%, and YI: 0.575) among healthy and smoker periodontitis when PD at 6mm was considered as cut-off. Conclusion: The best discrimination between healthy controls and smoker periodontitis was obtained at 15.25 ng/mL of salivary OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betsy Joseph
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mukhatar Ahmed Javali
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohasin Abdul Khader
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad M. AlQahtani
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amanullah Mohammed
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
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AL-Bashaireh AM, Haddad LG, Weaver M, Kelly DL, Chengguo X, Yoon S. The Effect of Tobacco Smoking on Musculoskeletal Health: A Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 2018:4184190. [PMID: 30112011 PMCID: PMC6077562 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4184190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review explored associations between smoking and health outcomes involving the musculoskeletal system. AMSTAR criteria were followed. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct returned 243 articles meeting inclusion criteria. A majority of studies found smoking has negative effects on the musculoskeletal system. In research on bones, smoking was associated with lower BMD, increased fracture risk, periodontitis, alveolar bone loss, and dental implant failure. In research on joints, smoking was associated with increased joint disease activity, poor functional outcomes, and poor therapeutic response. There was also evidence of adverse effects on muscles, tendons, cartilage, and ligaments. There were few studies on the musculoskeletal health outcomes of secondhand smoke, smoking cessation, or other modes of smoking, such as waterpipes or electronic cigarettes. This review found evidence that suggests tobacco smoking has negative effects on the health outcomes of the musculoskeletal system. There is a need for further research to understand mechanisms of action for the effects of smoking on the musculoskeletal system and to increase awareness of healthcare providers and community members of the adverse effects of smoking on the musculoskeletal system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linda G. Haddad
- College of Health and Human Services, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA
| | - Michael Weaver
- College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Xing Chengguo
- College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Saunjoo Yoon
- College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Impact of resveratrol on bone repair in rats exposed to cigarette smoke inhalation: histomorphometric and bone-related gene expression analysis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 47:541-548. [PMID: 28927744 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of resveratrol on bone healing and its influence on the gene expression of bone-related markers in rats exposed to cigarette smoke. Two calvarial defects were created in each of 60 rats, which were assigned equally (n=20) to three groups: (1) resveratrol (10mg/kg)+smoke exposure (SMK+RESV); (2) placebo+smoke exposure (SMK+PLA); or (3) placebo+no smoke exposure (NS+PLA). Substances were administered daily for 30days following surgery. Smoke inhalation was started 7days before surgery and continued for 30days after surgery. One defect was processed for histomorphometric analysis and the other was used for mRNA quantification of bone-related gene expression by qPCR. The remaining defect was smaller in the SMK+RESV (2.27±0.61mm, P=0.0003) and NS+PLA (2.17±0.74mm, P=0.0005) groups than in the SMK+PLA group (3.12±0.47mm). Higher levels of Runx2 were observed in the NS+PLA group than in the smoke exposure groups (vs. SMK+PLA, P=0002; vs. SMK+RESV, P=0.052); levels of Lrp-5 were also higher in the no smoke exposure group (vs. SMK+RESV, P=0.009; vs. SMK+PLA, P=0.003). Resveratrol therapy decreased RANKL/OPG expression when compared to placebo (SMK+RESV vs. SMK+PLA, P=0.017). Dkk1 levels were decreased in the SMK+RESV group when compared to the SMK+PLA (P=0.006) and NS+PLA groups (P=0.005). In conclusion, resveratrol optimizes the repair of critical-sized bone defects, up-regulating the gene expression of important bone remodelling markers in rats exposed to cigarette smoke inhalation.
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Impact of a chronic smoking habit on the osteo-immunoinflammatory mediators in the peri-implant fluid of clinically healthy dental implants. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 70:55-61. [PMID: 27328151 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of chronic cigarette smoking on the profile of osteo-immunoinflammatory markers in the peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) from clinically healthy implants DESIGNS: Twenty-five smokers and 23 non-smoker subjects with a unitary screwed implant-supported crown in the molar or pre-molar region were enrolled in this study. The implants should have been in functioning for at least 12 months, and the peri-implant tissue should be clinically healthy [probing depth (PD)<4mm with no bleeding on probing (BoP) and no evidence of radiographic bone loss beyond bone remodeling]. The levels of interferon (INF)-γ, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-17, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, osteoprotegerin (OPG), soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-κβ ligand (RANKL), osteocalcin (OC), osteopontin (OPN), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, and cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) in the PICF were quantified by a multiplexed bead immunoassay. RESULTS The smokers presented reduced levels of IL-4, IL-8, and TNF-α compared with the non-smoker individuals (p<0.05). In addition, although lower OPG levels were detected in the PICF of the smokers, the RANKL/OPG ratio did not show a significant difference (p>0.05). Moreover, higher ICTP concentrations and a higher TH1/TH2 ratio were observed in the PICF of the smoker patients (p<0.05). No differences between the groups were observed for the other markers evaluated (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Smoking habit modulate peri-implant cytokine profile, leading to reductions in IL-4, -8 TNF-α, and OPG levels and an increased ICTP and TH1/TH2 ratio in peri-implant crevicular fluid.
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Gursoy UK, Liukkonen J, Jula A, Huumonen S, Suominen AL, Puukka P, Könönen E. Associations Between Salivary Bone Metabolism Markers and Periodontal Breakdown. J Periodontol 2015; 87:367-75. [PMID: 26609698 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2015.150399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A dual relationship between glycemic status and bone remodeling was suggested recently. The present study aimed to 1) analyze salivary levels of receptor activator for nuclear factor κ-B ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin, osteocalcin, and osteopontin as potential biomarkers of alveolar bone loss and 2) determine whether the glycemic status affects the relationship between bone remodeling markers and periodontal status. METHODS Salivary levels of RANKL, osteoprotegerin, osteocalcin, osteopontin, and serum glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, insulin, and glucose were analyzed in 220 participants divided into four groups according to their periodontal health status: 1) 79 participants had at least 14 teeth with probing depth (PD) ≥4 mm (generalized periodontitis [GP]); 2) 65 participants had either two or seven teeth with PD ≥4 mm (two groups of localized periodontitis [LP1 and LP2, respectively]); and 3) 76 participants had no teeth with PD ≥4 mm (non-periodontitis control group). RESULTS Salivary concentrations of RANKL, osteocalcin, and osteopontin were higher, and osteoprotegerin was lower in females than in males. Salivary osteoprotegerin concentrations were higher in the GP and LP2 groups than in the control group, whereas RANKL, osteocalcin, and osteopontin were not related with periodontal status. Salivary osteopontin correlated positively with serum and salivary insulin. The association observed between increased osteoprotegerin concentrations and periodontitis was lost after salivary insulin was included into the analyses as a confounding factor. CONCLUSIONS Salivary concentrations of bone markers are either affected by glycemic status or detected at very low levels. These factors hinder their use as salivary biomarkers of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulvi K Gursoy
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Antti Jula
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Sisko Huumonen
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland
| | - Anna L Suominen
- Unit of Living Conditions, Health, and Wellbeing and Department of Environmental Health in Environmental Epidemiology Unit; National Institute for Health and Welfare; Kuopio, Finland.,Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pauli Puukka
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Eija Könönen
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Oral Health Care, Welfare Division, City of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Johannsen A, Susin C, Gustafsson A. Smoking and inflammation: evidence for a synergistic role in chronic disease. Periodontol 2000 2015; 64:111-26. [PMID: 24320959 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2012.00456.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is the most important preventable risk factor for periodontitis; however, the underlying biological mechanisms responsible for the detrimental effects of smoking on periodontal health remain largely unclear. It is also well established that smoking has a negative impact on several inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease. The aim of this paper was to review smoking-related changes in local and systemic host responses with a focus on cellular and molecular effects that could explain a hyperinflammatory response leading to periodontal destruction. Biological mechanisms that may be common to periodontal disease and other chronic inflammatory diseases were also explored, together with gene-smoking interactions. An epidemiologic perspective on the burden of smoking on periodontal health and the potential for smoking cessation is also presented. Tobacco smoking seems to induce changes ranging from decreased leukocyte chemotaxis to decreased production of immunoglobulins. Smoking also seems to cause a stronger inflammatory reaction with an increased release of potentially tissue-destructive substances (e.g. reactive oxygen species, collagenase, serine proteases and proinflammatory cytokines). These findings support a hypothesis that periodontitis is a hyperinflammatory condition rather than a hypo-inflammatory condition.
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Taylor JJ. Protein biomarkers of periodontitis in saliva. ISRN INFLAMMATION 2014; 2014:593151. [PMID: 24944840 PMCID: PMC4040190 DOI: 10.1155/2014/593151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition of the tissues that surround and support the teeth and is initiated by inappropriate and excessive immune responses to bacteria in subgingival dental plaque leading to loss of the integrity of the periodontium, compromised tooth function, and eventually tooth loss. Periodontitis is an economically important disease as it is time-consuming and expensive to treat. Periodontitis has a worldwide prevalence of 5-15% and the prevalence of severe disease in western populations has increased in recent decades. Furthermore, periodontitis is more common in smokers, in obesity, in people with diabetes, and in heart disease patients although the pathogenic processes underpinning these links are, as yet, poorly understood. Diagnosis and monitoring of periodontitis rely on traditional clinical examinations which are inadequate to predict patient susceptibility, disease activity, and response to treatment. Studies of the immunopathogenesis of periodontitis and analysis of mediators in saliva have allowed the identification of many potentially useful biomarkers. Convenient measurement of these biomarkers using chairside analytical devices could form the basis for diagnostic tests which will aid the clinician and the patient in periodontitis management; this review will summarise this field and will identify the experimental, technical, and clinical issues that remain to be addressed before such tests can be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J. Taylor
- Institute of Cellular Medicine & Centre for Oral Health Research, School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4BW, UK
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Gümüş P, Nizam N, Lappin DF, Buduneli N. Saliva and serum levels of B-cell activating factors and tumor necrosis factor-α in patients with periodontitis. J Periodontol 2013; 85:270-80. [PMID: 23701482 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.130117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND B-lymphocytes play a central and critical role in the adaptive immune response against invading pathogens. This study evaluates saliva and serum levels of APRIL (a proliferation-inducing ligand), B-cell activating factor (BAFF), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) or aggressive periodontitis (AgP) and periodontally healthy individuals. METHODS Twenty-five patients with AgP, 20 patients with CP, and 20 periodontally healthy individuals were included. Smoking status was recorded, and all individuals were divided into non-smokers and smokers. Saliva and serum samples were collected before clinical periodontal measurements. APRIL, BAFF, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 levels in serum and saliva samples were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analysis was performed using multivariate analysis of variance and bivariate correlation. RESULTS Serum and saliva levels of TNF-α, APRIL, BAFF, IL-6, and IL-10 were similar in CP and AgP groups. Serum levels of TNF-α, APRIL, and BAFF and saliva levels of BAFF were significantly higher in periodontitis groups than healthy controls (P <0.05). Non-smokers with CP or AgP had lower levels of saliva TNF-α and APRIL and serum APRIL and IL-6 than smokers with CP or AgP (P <0.05). Saliva APRIL and serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels were significantly higher in healthy smokers than healthy non-smokers (P <0.05). Clinical periodontal parameters correlated positively with TNF-family cytokines and negatively with IL-10 (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS Within the limits of this study, it may be suggested that elevated salivary and serum TNF-α, APRIL, and BAFF in patients with periodontitis may contribute to the dominance of B cells in periodontitis lesions. Moreover, higher levels in healthy smokers than non-smoking counterparts may play a role in detrimental effects of smoking on periodontal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Gümüş
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
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Gursoy UK, Könönen E, Huumonen S, Tervahartiala T, Pussinen PJ, Suominen AL, Sorsa T. Salivary type I collagen degradation end-products and related matrix metalloproteinases in periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2012; 40:18-25. [PMID: 23078613 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Type I collagen degradation end-products and related matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were examined aiming to detect potential markers of periodontitis in saliva, with high sensitivity and specificity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The salivary concentrations of MMP-8, MMP-9 and MMP-13, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase serum type 5b, C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (CTx), N-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (NTx) and cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen were analysed in 230 subjects. Oral health examination included panoramic radiography. RESULTS The concentrations of MMP-8, MMP-9 and MMP-13 in saliva were higher in subjects with generalized periodontitis than in controls. Of the tested salivary markers, MMP-8 was the only marker capable of differentiating subjects with severe alveolar bone loss from those with slight bone loss (p < 0.001). The association between the salivary MMP-8 levels and periodontitis remained significant after the adjustment with age, gender and smoking. In addition, significant correlations were found between the tested markers and periodontal parameters. CONCLUSION Enzymes and end-products of type I collagen degradation have different associations with each other and with periodontal status that may reflect their roles in the cascade leading to alveolar bone loss. MMP-8 is a strong biomarker candidate for detecting alveolar bone destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulvi K Gursoy
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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Bertl K, Haririan H, Laky M, Matejka M, Andrukhov O, Rausch-Fan X. Smoking influences salivary histamine levels in periodontal disease. Oral Dis 2012; 18:410-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2011.01891.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Al-Sabbagh M, Alladah A, Lin Y, Kryscio RJ, Thomas MV, Ebersole JL, Miller CS. Bone remodeling-associated salivary biomarker MIP-1α distinguishes periodontal disease from health. J Periodontal Res 2011; 47:389-95. [PMID: 22126530 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2011.01445.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The field of salivary diagnostics lacks an accepted and validated biomarker of alveolar bone remodeling. To address this, we examined levels of salivary biomolecules specifically associated with biological aspects of bone remodeling in subjects with chronic periodontitis in a case-control study. MATERIAL AND METHODS Levels of macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), osteoprotegerin, C-telopeptide pyridinoline cross-links of type I collagen and β-C-terminal type I collagen telopeptide in unstimulated whole saliva of 80 subjects (40 subjects with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis and 40 sex- and age-matched healthy control subjects) were measured using enzyme immunosorbent assays. Saliva was collected before clinical examination, which included probing depth, clinical attachment loss and bleeding on probing. RESULTS The mean level of MIP-1α in subjects with periodontitis was 18-fold higher than in healthy subjects (p < 0.0001). Clinical periodontal indices correlated significantly with MIP-1α levels (p < 0.0001). Of the biomolecules examined, MIP-1α demonstrated the greatest ability to discriminate between periodontal disease and health as determined by the area under the curve (0.94) and classification and regression tree analysis (sensitivity 94% and specificity 92.7%). Osteoprotegerin levels were elevated 1.6-fold (p = 0.055), whereas C-telopeptide pyridinoline cross-links of type I collagen and β-C-terminal type I collagen telopeptide levels were below the level of detection in the majority of subjects. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the chemokine MIP-1α may aid in identifying periodontitis. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to determine whether this biomarker can help in ascertaining the progression of bone loss in subjects with periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Al-Sabbagh
- Department of Oral Health Practice, Center for Oral Health Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0297, USA
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Buduneli N, Özçaka Ö, Nalbantsoy A. Interleukin-33 levels in gingival crevicular fluid, saliva, or plasma do not differentiate chronic periodontitis. J Periodontol 2011; 83:362-8. [PMID: 21859321 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2011.110239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigates whether gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), saliva, and plasma levels of interleukin-33 (IL-33) can differentiate individuals with chronic periodontitis from individuals with healthy periodontium. METHODS GCF, whole saliva, and plasma samples together with full-mouth clinical periodontal recordings were obtained from 32 otherwise healthy, non-smoker chronic periodontitis individuals and 25 systemically and periodontally healthy, non-smoker individuals. IL-33 levels in the biofluid samples were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data were tested statistically by Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS The GCF concentrations of IL-33 were significantly lower in chronic periodontitis individuals than in healthy individuals (P <0.0001), whereas the total amounts in GCF samples were similar (P >0.05). The salivary and plasma contrations of IL-33 were indifferent in the two study groups (P >0.05). CONCLUSIONS According to the present findings, the GCF, saliva or plasma levels of IL-33 could not differentiate chronic periodontitis individuals and periodontally healthy individuals. Larger-scale intervention studies may better clarify this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurcan Buduneli
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey.
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