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Vilela FP, Kakumoto AA, Gomes CN, Pólvora TLS, Nobre ÁVV, Lourenço AG, Motta ACF, Falcão JP. ST88 ceftazidime-resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is present in the saliva and gingival crevicular fluid of patients with periodontitis and AIDS from São Paulo State, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s42770-024-01395-x. [PMID: 38809496 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01395-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) is an intrinsically drug-resistant and biofilm-forming bacteria causing infections in immunocompromised humans. This study reports the isolation of five S. maltophilia strains from saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of AIDS patients with periodontitis in São Paulo, Brazil, showing resistance to ceftazidime, strong biofilm formation capacity and a close genetic relationship. The presence of S. maltophilia strains in saliva and CGF of patients with AIDS and periodontitis is a concern for the presence and persistence of intrinsically resistant bacteria in the oral environment, enhancing the risk for the development of severe infections in immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Pinheiro Vilela
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto- USP, Departmento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Av. do Café, s/n, Bloco S- Sala 41, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto- USP, Departmento de Estomatologia, Saúde Pública e Odontologia Legal, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Akemi Kakumoto
- Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto- USP, Departmento de Estomatologia, Saúde Pública e Odontologia Legal, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Nogueira Gomes
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto- USP, Departmento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Av. do Café, s/n, Bloco S- Sala 41, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Tábata Larissa Santos Pólvora
- Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto- USP, Departmento de Estomatologia, Saúde Pública e Odontologia Legal, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Átila Vinícius Vítor Nobre
- Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto- USP, Departmento de Estomatologia, Saúde Pública e Odontologia Legal, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Alan Grupioni Lourenço
- Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto- USP, Departmento de Estomatologia, Saúde Pública e Odontologia Legal, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Fragoso Motta
- Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto- USP, Departmento de Estomatologia, Saúde Pública e Odontologia Legal, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Pfrimer Falcão
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto- USP, Departmento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Av. do Café, s/n, Bloco S- Sala 41, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Alberti A, Corbella S, Taschieri S, Francetti L, Fakhruddin KS, Samaranayake LP. Fungal species in endodontic infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255003. [PMID: 34293029 PMCID: PMC8297845 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections are common on oral mucosae, but their role in other oral sites is ill defined. Over the last few decades, numerous studies have reported the presence of fungi, particularly Candida species in endodontic infections, albeit in relatively small numbers in comparison to its predominant anaerobic bacteriome. Here, we review the fungal biome of primary and secondary endodontic infections, with particular reference to the prevalence and behavior of Candida species. Meta-analysis of the available data from a total of 39 studies fitting the inclusion criteria, indicate the overall weighted mean prevalence (WMP) of fungal species in endodontic infections to be 9.11% (from a cumulative total of 2003 samples), with 9.0% in primary (n = 1341), and 9.3% in secondary infections (n = 662). Nevertheless, WMP for fungi in primary and secondary infections which were 6.3% and 7.5% for culture-based studies, increased to 12.5% and 16.0% in molecular studies, respectively. The most prevalent fungal species was Candida spp. The high heterogeneity in the reported fungal prevalence suggests the need for standardized sampling, and speciation methods. The advent of the new molecular biological analytical platforms, such as the next generation sequencing (NGS), and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF), that enables identification and quantitation of a broad spectrum of hitherto unknown organisms in endodontic infections should radically alter our understanding of the endodontic mycobiome in the future. Candida spp. appear to be co-pathogens with bacteria in approximately one in ten patients with endodontic infections. Hence, clinicians should comprehend the importance and the role of fungi in endodontic infections and be cognizant of the need to eradicate both bacteria and fungi for successful therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Alberti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Stefano Corbella
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- Institute of Dentistry, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Silvio Taschieri
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- Institute of Dentistry, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Luca Francetti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Lakshman Perera Samaranayake
- College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
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Pereira MF, Pires FR, Armada L, Ferreira DC, Carrouel F, Bourgeois D, Gonçalves LS. Expression of Inflammatory Markers RANK, MMP-9 and PTHrP in Chronic Apical Periodontitis from People Living with HIV Undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9113611. [PMID: 33182451 PMCID: PMC7696029 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9113611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To compare the expression of the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (RANK), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) in primary chronic apical periodontitis lesions (CAPLs) between people living with HIV (PLWHIV) undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART) and HIV- individuals, 32 CAPLs (16 lesions from each group) were submitted to histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses and compared between groups. The majority of the PLWHIV group had undetectable plasma viral loads (n = 13; 81.3%). The means of TCD4+ lymphocytes, exposure to HIV-1 and the time of the use of ART were 542.1 cells/mm3 (SD = 256.4), 6.3 years (SD = 2.9) and 5.0 years (SD = 2.5), respectively. Of all variables studied, only histopathological diagnosis showed a significant difference between groups (LWHIV: granuloma n = 11 (68.0%); cyst n = 5 (31.2%); HIV-: granuloma n = 15 (93.8%); cyst n = 1 (6.2%); p = 0.015). When comparing the expressions of the three inflammatory markers between the groups, no significant differences were seen. There was no difference in the expression of RANK, PTHrP and MMP-9 in primary chronic apical periodontitis lesions between PLWHIV under ART and HIV- individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcio Francisco Pereira
- Postgraduation Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro 22790-710, Brazil; (M.F.P.); (F.R.P.); (L.A.); (D.C.F.)
| | - Fabio Ramoa Pires
- Postgraduation Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro 22790-710, Brazil; (M.F.P.); (F.R.P.); (L.A.); (D.C.F.)
| | - Luciana Armada
- Postgraduation Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro 22790-710, Brazil; (M.F.P.); (F.R.P.); (L.A.); (D.C.F.)
| | - Dennis Carvalho Ferreira
- Postgraduation Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro 22790-710, Brazil; (M.F.P.); (F.R.P.); (L.A.); (D.C.F.)
| | - Florence Carrouel
- Laboratory “Health Systemic Process”, University Lyon 1, EA4129, 69008 Lyon, France; (F.C.); (D.B.)
| | - Denis Bourgeois
- Laboratory “Health Systemic Process”, University Lyon 1, EA4129, 69008 Lyon, France; (F.C.); (D.B.)
| | - Lucio Souza Gonçalves
- Postgraduation Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro 22790-710, Brazil; (M.F.P.); (F.R.P.); (L.A.); (D.C.F.)
- Correspondence:
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The apical root canal system microbial communities determined by next-generation sequencing. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10932. [PMID: 32616783 PMCID: PMC7331743 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67828-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the microbial communities of endodontic infections at their apical portion by 16S rRNA Illumina sequencing and delineate the core microbiome of root canal infections and that of their associated clinical symptomatology. Samples were collected from fifteen subjects presenting one tooth with a root canal infection, and their associated symptoms were recorded. Samples were collected from the apical third of roots using a #10 K file and then amplified using multiple displacement amplification and PCR-amplified with universal primers. Amplicons were sequenced (V3–V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene) using MiSeq (Illumina, CA). The microbial composition of the samples was determined using QIIME and HOMINGS. Data were analyzed using t tests and ANOVA. A total of 1,038,656 good quality sequences were obtained, and OTUs were assigned to 10 bacterial phyla, led by Bacteroidetes (51.2%) and Firmicutes (27.1%), and 94 genera were represented primarily by Prevotella (17.9%) and Bacteroidaceae G-1 (14.3%). Symptomatic teeth were associated with higher levels of Porphyromonas (p < 0.05) and Prevotella. P. endodontalis and P. oris were present in both cores. The present study demonstrated the complexity of the root canal microbiome and the “common denominators” of root canal infections and identified taxa whose virulence properties should be further explored. The polymicrobial etiology of endodontic infections has long been established. However, few studies have focused on expanding the breadth and depth of coverage of microbiome-infected root canals at their apical portion.
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Caires NCM, Espaladori MC, Tavares WLF, Brito LCND, Vieira LQ, Ribeiro Sobrinho AP. Influence of genetic regulatory effects modified by environmental immune activation on periapical disease. Braz Oral Res 2019; 33:e109. [PMID: 31800862 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2019.vol33.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the periradicular responses in endodontic infections among members of two populations: an urban Brazilian population and a non-mixed indigenous population. Samples were collected immediately and 7 days after the cleaning and shaping procedures (after reducing the intracanal microbial load) in an attempt to characterize the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-9, interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-17, IL-10, and the chemokines CXCR4, CCL2/monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, and CCR6. The endogenous cytokine and chemokine expression levels were analyzed using real-time PCR. Only the urban population showed a significant increase in TNF-α, CCL2/MCP-1, CXCR4, and CCR6 expression following the cleaning and shaping of the root canal system. The IFN-γ levels were increased at the 2nd collection (p < 0.05) in the indigenous population. In turn, a significant increase in IL-10 and IL-17 expression (p < 0.05) was observed after the cleaning and shaping procedures (2nd collection) in both populations. No significant differences in the IL-1β, IL-9, and CCL4 expression levels were observed between the 1st and 2nd collections in both populations. The results demonstrate a cytokine and chemokine expression profile that is specific to each analyzed population. However, immune modulation mediated by IL-10 began on the 7th day after the beginning of the endodontic treatment in both populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nely Cristina Medeiros Caires
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcela Carvalho Espaladori
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Warley Luciano Fonseca Tavares
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Leda Quercia Vieira
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Antônio Paulino Ribeiro Sobrinho
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Pessoa L, Aleti G, Choudhury S, Nguyen D, Yaskell T, Zhang Y, Li W, Nelson KE, Neto LLS, Sant'Ana ACP, Freire M. Host-Microbial Interactions in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Periodontitis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2602. [PMID: 31781106 PMCID: PMC6861327 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a potentially fatal complex autoimmune disease, that is characterized by widespread inflammation manifesting tissue damage and comorbidities across the human body including heart, blood vessels, joints, skin, liver, kidneys, and periodontal tissues. The etiology of SLE is partially attributed to a deregulated inflammatory response to microbial dysbiosis and environmental changes. In the mouth, periodontal environment provides an optimal niche for local and systemic inflammation. Our aim was to evaluate the reciprocal impact of periodontal subgingival microbiome on SLE systemic inflammation. Methods: Ninety-one female subjects were recruited, including healthy (n = 31), SLE-inactive (n = 29), and SLE-active (n = 31). Patients were screened for probing depth, bleeding on probing, clinical attachment level, and classified according to CDC/AAP criteria with or without periodontal dysbiosis. Serum inflammatory cytokines were measured by human cytokine panel and a targeted pathogenic subgingival biofilm panel was examined by DNA-DNA checkerboard from subgingival plaque samples. Results: The results showed significant upregulation of serum proinflammatory cytokines in individuals with SLE when compared to controls. Stratification of subject's into SLE-inactive (I) and SLE-active (A) phenotypes or periodontitis and non-periodontitis groups provided new insights into SLE pathophysiology. Ten proinflammatory cytokines were upregulated in serum of SLE-I only and one in SLE-A only. Four molecules overlapped in SLE-A and SLE-I. Anti-inflammatory cytokines included IL-4 IL-10, which were upregulated in SLE-I sera (but not SLE-A), controlling clinical phenotypes. Out of 24 significant differential oral microbial abundances found in SLE, 14 unique subgingival bacteria profiles were found to be elevated in SLE. The most severe oral pathogens (Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia) showed increase abundances on SLE-A periodontal sites when compared to SLE-I and healthy controls. Inflammation as measured by cytokine-microbial correlations showed that periodontal pathogens dominating the environment increased proinflammatory cytokines systemically. Conclusions: Altogether, low-grade systemic inflammation that influenced SLE disease activity and severity was correlated to dysbiotic changes of the oral microbiota present in periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Pessoa
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Gajender Aleti
- Department of Genomic Medicine, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Saibyasachi Choudhury
- Department of Genomic Medicine, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Daniel Nguyen
- Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Tina Yaskell
- Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Weizhong Li
- Department of Genomic Medicine, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Karen E Nelson
- Department of Genomic Medicine, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Genomic Medicine, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
| | | | - Adriana C P Sant'Ana
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Freire
- Department of Genomic Medicine, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
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Alterations to the Gastrointestinal Microbiome Associated with Methamphetamine Use among Young Men who have Sex with Men. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14840. [PMID: 31619731 PMCID: PMC6795845 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51142-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) use is a major public health problem in the United States, especially among people living with HIV (PLWH). Many MA-induced neurotoxic effects are mediated by inflammation and gut microbiota may play a role in this process, yet the effects of MA on the microbiome have not been adequately explored. Therefore, we performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing on rectal swab samples from 381 men who have sex with men, 48% of whom were PLWH and 41% of whom used MA. We compared microbiome composition between MA users and non-users while testing for potential interactions with HIV and controlling for numerous confounders using inverse probability of treatment weighting. We found that MA use explained significant variation in overall composition (R2 = 0.005, p = 0.008) and was associated with elevated Finegoldia, Parvimonas, Peptoniphilus, and Porphyromonas and reduced Butyricicoccus and Faecalibacterium, among others. Genera including Actinomyces and Streptobacillus interacted with HIV status, such that they were increased in HIV+ MA users. Finegoldia and Peptoniphilus increased with increasing frequency of MA use, among others. In summary, MA use was associated with a microbial imbalance favoring pro-inflammatory bacteria, including some with neuroactive potential and others that have previously been associated with poor HIV outcomes.
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Prevalence of Candida Species in Endodontic Infections: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Endod 2018; 44:1616-1625.e9. [PMID: 30241680 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Candida in endodontic infections has been investigated in a large number of studies, but its role as an endodontic pathogen is still debatable. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on the prevalence of Candida species in root canal infections. METHODS Extensive literature research was performed in the most important electronic biomedical databases, and additional studies have been identified from references from relevant articles. Studies were critically appraised using a modified version of the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist. RESULTS From 2225 unique records, 2118 were excluded on the basis of title and abstract. Of the remaining 107 studies, 50 were excluded after full-text review, and 57 were included for qualitative and quantitative analysis. The overall prevalence of Candida spp. in root canal infections was 8.20% (95% confidence interval, 5.56%-11.21%). Candida albicans was the most frequently isolated species. Significant heterogeneity among studies was observed (P < .001, I2 = 86.07%). Subgroup analyses revealed a higher prevalence of Candida spp. from African samples. All studies considered, a high or unclear risk of bias was prevalent regarding 6 out of the 8 items considered in the critical appraisal. CONCLUSIONS Candida spp. occurred in a small proportion of root canal infections. Further and better designed research is needed to investigate the real contribution of Candida spp. to the microbial ecology in infected root canals.
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Persoon IF, Crielaard W, Özok AR. Prevalence and nature of fungi in root canal infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Endod J 2017; 50:1055-1066. [PMID: 27987307 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The role of bacteria in causing apical periodontitis has been widely established, whilst the role of other microorganisms is studied less thoroughly. This systematic review and meta-analysis reviewed the literature for the prevalence and diversity of fungi in root canal infections. An extensive literature search was carried out in the Cochrane databases, EMBASE, MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO and Web of Science. Additional studies were identified from six endodontic journals, four main endodontic textbooks and references of relevant papers. Selected clinical studies included sampling of necrotic pulps in permanent teeth and microbial analysis of these samples. Studies were critically appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute Prevalence Critical Appraisal Checklist. Meta-analysis was performed using MetaXL. The screening of 1041 titles and abstracts and full-text reading yielded 54 studies. The overall prevalence of fungi in root canal infections was 7.5% (CI 95%: 3.6-11.8%) in the inverse variance fixed effect heterogeneity model. Candida albicans was the most frequently isolated species. Significant heterogeneity was observed (P < 0.001, I2 = 85.04%). Subgroup analyses based on geographical location, period of publication, type of infection, state of general health, communication with the oral cavity, type of sample and identification method revealed no factor influencing the prevalence. Better standardized techniques and a comprehensive analysis will reveal a more detailed and accurate representation of the prevalence and nature of fungi in root canal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- I F Persoon
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W Crielaard
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A R Özok
- Department of Endodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Henriques LCF, de Brito LCN, Tavares WLF, Teles RP, Vieira LQ, Teles FR, Sobrinho APR. Microbial Ecosystem Analysis in Root Canal Infections Refractory to Endodontic Treatment. J Endod 2016; 42:1239-45. [PMID: 27377440 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to combine multiple displacement amplification and checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the microbiota present in infections refractory to endodontic treatment. METHODS The subjects of this study were 40 patients presenting with periapical lesions refractory to endodontic treatment. Samples were taken by scraping or filing root canal walls with a #10 K-type hand file. Sample DNA was amplified by multiple displacement amplification, and the levels of 107 bacterial taxa were analyzed by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. The taxa were divided into 3 distinct microbial populations depending on their mean proportion in samples (% DNA probe counts ± standard error of the mean) as follows: dominant (≥3.0%), subdominant (>1.6%-3.0%), and residual (≤1.6%) populations. The significance of differences was determined using the Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS The taxa present with the highest mean proportions (constituting the dominant population) were Corynebacterium diphtheriae (8.03 ± 0.98), Porphyromonas gingivalis (5.42 ± 2.09), Streptococcus sobrinus (5.33 ± 0.69), and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (4.72 ± 1.73). Among the subdominant population were Eubacterium saphenum (3.85 ± 1.06), Helicobacter pylori (3.16 ± 0.62), Dialister pneumosintes (3.12 ± 1.1), Clostridium difficile (2.74 ± 0.41), Enterobacter agglomerans (2.64 ± 0.54), Salmonella enterica (2.51 ± 0.52), Mobiluncus mulieris (2.44 ± 0.6), and Klebsiella oxytoca (2.32 ± 0.66). In the population of bacteria present at the lowest mean proportions (the residual population), Bacteroides ureolyticus (0.04 ± 0.01), Haemophilus influenzae (0.04 ± 0.02), and Prevotella oris (0.01 ± 0.01) were found at the lowest mean proportions. Enterococcus faecalis was detected in the residual population (0.52 ± 0.26). CONCLUSIONS The microbial climax community in teeth refractory to endodontic treatment not only harbors medically important species but also contains distinct microbial consortia present with different population levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Carlos Feitosa Henriques
- Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Warley Luciano Faria Tavares
- Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Palmier Teles
- Periodontology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leda Quércia Vieira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Flávia Rodrigues Teles
- Periodontology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Antônio Paulino Ribeiro Sobrinho
- Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Weese SJ, Nichols J, Jalali M, Litster A. The oral and conjunctival microbiotas in cats with and without feline immunodeficiency virus infection. Vet Res 2015; 46:21. [PMID: 25879465 PMCID: PMC4348098 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-014-0140-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral and conjunctival microbiotas likely play important roles in protection from opportunistic infections, while also being the source of potential pathogens. Yet, there has been limited investigation in cats, and the impact of comorbidities such as feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection has not been reported. Oral and conjunctival swabs were collected from cats with FIV infection and FIV-uninfected controls, and subjected to 16S rRNA gene (V4) PCR and next generation sequencing. 9,249 OTUs were identified from conjunctival swabs, yet the most common 20 (0.22%) OTUs accounted for 76% of sequences. The two most abundant OTUs both belonged to Staphylococcus, and accounted for 37% of sequences. Cats with FIV infection had significantly lower relative abundances of Verrucomicrobia, Fibrobacteres, Spirochaetes, Bacteroidetes and Tenericutes, and a higher relative abundance of Deinococcus-Thermus. There were significant differences in both community membership (P = 0.006) and community structure (P = 0.02) between FIV-infected and FIV-uninfected cats. FIV-infected cats had significantly higher relative abundances of Fusobacteria and Actinobacteria in the oral cavity, and significantly higher relative abundances of several bacterial classes including Fusobacteria (0.022 vs 0.007, P = 0.006), Actinobacteria (0.017 vs 0.003, P = 0.003), Sphingobacteria (0.00015 vs 0.00003, P = 0.0013) and Flavobacteria (0.0073 vs 0.0034, P = 0.030). The feline conjunctival and oral microbiotas are complex polymicrobial communities but dominated by a limited number of genera. There is an apparent impact of FIV infection on various components of the microbiota, and assessment of the clinical relevance of these alterations in required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott J Weese
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada.
| | - Jamieson Nichols
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, 625 Harrison St., West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Mohammad Jalali
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada.
| | - Annette Litster
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, 625 Harrison St., West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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Microbial Diversity in Persistent Root Canal Infections Investigated by Checkerboard DNA-DNA Hybridization. J Endod 2014; 40:899-906. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Drago L, Vassena C, Saibene AM, Del Fabbro M, Felisati G. A case of coinfection in a chronic maxillary sinusitis of odontogenic origin: identification of Dialister pneumosintes. J Endod 2013; 39:1084-7. [PMID: 23880283 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2013.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Revised: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this report, we discuss the case of a 39-year-old woman presenting with a case of chronic maxillary sinusitis. METHODS Dialister pneumosintes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Peptostreptococcus spp. were isolated from endosinusal samples obtained during surgery. The patient showed extensive periodontopathy and had undergone prior endodontic treatment for endodontic infection of teeth #13, #14, and #15, which failed and presumably acted as a bridge for the sinusal infection. After nasosinusal surgery, consisting of opening and toilet of the maxillary sinus, combined with extraction of the 3 previously mentioned teeth and antibiotic treatment, the patient showed complete healing. RESULTS S. epidermidis and Peptostreptococcus spp. were identified with a traditional biochemical test and confirmed by pyrosequencing. Conversely, D. pneumosintes could not be identified with the conventional method, but it was identified using DNA pyrosequencing. In addition, to better understand the role and the virulence of this bacterium in odontogenic sinusitis, we have evaluated the ability of D. pneumosintes to produce biofilms onto inert surfaces. D. pneumosintes is a known endodontic and periodontal pathogen found in necrotic pulp, subgingival plaque, and deep periodontal pockets. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, the pathogenic role of D. pneumosintes in odontogenic sinusitis has never been evidenced. Thus, its detection in endosinusal specimens may provide a significant insight into the pathogenesis of this relevant medical condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Drago
- Laboratory of Clinical-Chemistry and Microbiology, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Italy.
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