1
|
Gong X, Hui X, Wu G, Morton JD, Brennan MA, Brennan CS. In vitro digestion characteristics of cereal protein concentrates as assessed using a pepsin-pancreatin digestion model. Food Res Int 2022; 152:110715. [PMID: 35181112 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An alkaline extraction method has been used in many studies to extract total protein from cereal samples. Wheat bran protein concentrate (WBPC), oat bran protein concentrate (OBPC), and barley protein concentrate (BPC) were prepared by alkaline extraction and isoelectric precipitation to study their functional and nutritional properties. The three protein concentrates were hydrolysed by an in vitro pepsin-pancreatin digestion model. Their digestibility (%) and degree of hydrolysis (DH%) were evaluated, and SDS-PAGE electrophoresis was used to illustrate the protein and peptides patterns. The change of the particle sizes and the release of the essential amino acids was followed during the digestion process. The in vitro digestibility of WBPC, OBPC and BPC was 87.4%, 96.1% and 76.9%, respectively. The DH% of protein concentrates were between 50 and 60%. The change of the particle size distribution values Dv(50) was assumed to be related to protein aggregations during the digestion. The protein fractions were identified and the degradation during the digestion and were analysed by SDS-PAGE; the gels of WBPC and OBPC digestion showed virtually complete degradation whereas the intensive bands of undigested protein were presented for BPC. The generation of the free amino acids and short chain peptides were significantly higher at the end of the intestinal digestion compared to the stages of before and after gastric digestion. Higher content of the deficient amino acids such as lysine and threonine were found comparing to the level of deficient amino acids in cereal grains but does not meet the daily recommended intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Gong
- Department of Wine Food and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, Christchurch, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Xiaodan Hui
- Department of Wine Food and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, Christchurch, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Wine Food and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, Christchurch, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - James D Morton
- Department of Wine Food and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Margaret A Brennan
- Department of Wine Food and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Charles S Brennan
- Department of Wine Food and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, Christchurch, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; Biosciences and Food Technologies, School of Science, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nayak SN, Aravind B, Malavalli SS, Sukanth BS, Poornima R, Bharati P, Hefferon K, Kole C, Puppala N. Omics Technologies to Enhance Plant Based Functional Foods: An Overview. Front Genet 2021; 12:742095. [PMID: 34858472 PMCID: PMC8631721 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.742095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional foods are natural products of plants that have health benefits beyond necessary nutrition. Functional foods are abundant in fruits, vegetables, spices, beverages and some are found in cereals, millets, pulses and oilseeds. Efforts to identify functional foods in our diet and their beneficial aspects are limited to few crops. Advances in sequencing and availability of different omics technologies have given opportunity to utilize these tools to enhance the functional components of the foods, thus ensuring the nutritional security. Integrated omics approaches including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics coupled with artificial intelligence and machine learning approaches can be used to improve the crops. This review provides insights into omics studies that are carried out to find the active components and crop improvement by enhancing the functional compounds in different plants including cereals, millets, pulses, oilseeds, fruits, vegetables, spices, beverages and medicinal plants. There is a need to characterize functional foods that are being used in traditional medicines, as well as utilization of this knowledge to improve the staple foods in order to tackle malnutrition and hunger more effectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Spurthi N. Nayak
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India
| | - B. Aravind
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India
| | - Sachin S. Malavalli
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India
| | - B. S. Sukanth
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India
| | - R. Poornima
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India
| | - Pushpa Bharati
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India
| | - Kathleen Hefferon
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Chittaranjan Kole
- President, International Phytomedomics and Nutriomics Consortium (ipnc.info), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Naveen Puppala
- New Mexico State University-Agricultural Science Center at Clovis, New Mexico, NM, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Munck L, Rinnan Å, Khakimov B, Jespersen BM, Engelsen SB. Physiological Genetics Reformed: Bridging the Genome-to-Phenome Gap by Coherent Chemical Fingerprints - the Global Coordinator. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:324-337. [PMID: 33526341 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Forward-focused molecular genetics is successfully framing DNA diversity and mapping primary gene functions. However, abandoning the classic Linnaean fingerprint link between the phenome and genome by suppressing gene interaction (pleiotropy), has resulted in a genome-to-phenome gap and poor utilization of molecular data. We demonstrate how to bridge this gap by using an example of a barley mutant seed model, where pleiotropy is observed as covarying global molecular patterns that define each endosperm. Global coherence was discovered as a covariate coordinator within and between local genotype specific fingerprints. This implies that any of these fingerprints can select its recombinant global phenotype variant, including composition. Introducing the law of coherence, and the movement of gene complexes by chemical fingerprint traits as selectors, introduces a revolution in understanding physiological molecular genetics and plant-breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Munck
- Chemometrics and Analytical Technology, Department of Food Science, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Åsmund Rinnan
- Chemometrics and Analytical Technology, Department of Food Science, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Bekzod Khakimov
- Chemometrics and Analytical Technology, Department of Food Science, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birthe Møller Jespersen
- Chemometrics and Analytical Technology, Department of Food Science, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Balling Engelsen
- Chemometrics and Analytical Technology, Department of Food Science, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rustgi S, Shewry P, Brouns F, Deleu LJ, Delcour JA. Wheat Seed Proteins: Factors Influencing Their Content, Composition, and Technological Properties, and Strategies to Reduce Adverse Reactions. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2019; 18:1751-1769. [PMID: 33336954 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Wheat is the primary source of nutrition for many, especially those living in developing countries, and wheat proteins are among the most widely consumed dietary proteins in the world. However, concerns about disorders related to the consumption of wheat and/or wheat gluten proteins have increased sharply in the last 20 years. This review focuses on wheat gluten proteins and amylase trypsin inhibitors, which are considered to be responsible for eliciting most of the intestinal and extraintestinal symptoms experienced by susceptible individuals. Although several approaches have been proposed to reduce the exposure to gluten or immunogenic peptides resulting from its digestion, none have proven sufficiently effective for general use in coeliac-safe diets. Potential approaches to manipulate the content, composition, and technological properties of wheat proteins are therefore discussed, as well as the effects of using gluten isolates in various food systems. Finally, some aspects of the use of gluten-free commodities are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Rustgi
- Dept. of Plant and Environmental Sciences, School of Health Research, Clemson Univ. Pee Dee Research and Education Centre, Florence, SC, U.S.A.,Dept. of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA, U.S.A
| | - Peter Shewry
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, U.K
| | - Fred Brouns
- Dept. of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht Univ., Universiteitssingel 50, 6200, MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Lomme J Deleu
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan A Delcour
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Aastrup S. A Review of Quick, Reliable, and Simple Check Methods for Barley and Malt Based on the Carlsberg Seed Fixation System. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-46-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sten Aastrup
- Carlsberg Research Center, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, DK-2500 Copenhagen, Valby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shukla V, Kaur M, Aggarwal S, Bhati KK, Kaur J, Mantri S, Pandey AK. Tissue specific transcript profiling of wheat phosphate transporter genes and its association with phosphate allocation in grains. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39293. [PMID: 27995999 PMCID: PMC5172359 DOI: 10.1038/srep39293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Approaches enabling efficient phosphorus utilization in crops are of great importance. In cereal crop like wheat, utilization of inorganic phosphate (Pi) is high and mature grains are the major sink for Pi utilization and storage. Research that addresses the importance of the Pi homeostasis in developing grains is limited. In an attempt to understand the Pi homeostasis in developing wheat grains, we identified twelve new phosphate transporters (PHT), these are phyologentically well distributed along with the members reported from Arabidopsis and rice. Enhanced expression of PHT1-subfamily genes was observed in roots subjected to the Pi starvation suggesting their active role in Pi homeostasis. Differential expression patterns of all the PHT genes during grain filling stages suggested their importance in the filial tissues. Additionally, high accumulation of Pi and total P in aleurone correlates well with the expression of TaPHTs and other phosphate starvation related genes. Tissue specific transcript accumulation of TaPHT1.1, TaPHT1.2, TaPHT1.4 in aleurone; TaPHT3.1 in embryo and TaPHT4.2 in the endosperm was observed. Furthermore, their transcript abundance was affected in low phytate wheat grains. Altogether, this study helps in expanding the knowledge and prioritize the candidate wheat Pi-transporters to modulate the Pi homeostasis in cereal grains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Shukla
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), C-127, Industrial Area, S.A.S. Nagar, Phase 8, Mohali-160071, Punjab, India
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), C-127, Industrial Area, S.A.S. Nagar, Phase 8, Mohali-160071, Punjab, India
| | - Sipla Aggarwal
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), C-127, Industrial Area, S.A.S. Nagar, Phase 8, Mohali-160071, Punjab, India
| | - Kaushal Kumar Bhati
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), C-127, Industrial Area, S.A.S. Nagar, Phase 8, Mohali-160071, Punjab, India
| | - Jaspreet Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology (UIET), Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shrikant Mantri
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), C-127, Industrial Area, S.A.S. Nagar, Phase 8, Mohali-160071, Punjab, India
| | - Ajay K. Pandey
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), C-127, Industrial Area, S.A.S. Nagar, Phase 8, Mohali-160071, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Coles GD, Wratten SD, Porter JR. Food and nutritional security requires adequate protein as well as energy, delivered from whole-year crop production. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2100. [PMID: 27478691 PMCID: PMC4950564 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human food security requires the production of sufficient quantities of both high-quality protein and dietary energy. In a series of case-studies from New Zealand, we show that while production of food ingredients from crops on arable land can meet human dietary energy requirements effectively, requirements for high-quality protein are met more efficiently by animal production from such land. We present a model that can be used to assess dietary energy and quality-corrected protein production from various crop and crop/animal production systems, and demonstrate its utility. We extend our analysis with an accompanying economic analysis of commercially-available, pre-prepared or simply-cooked foods that can be produced from our case-study crop and animal products. We calculate the per-person, per-day cost of both quality-corrected protein and dietary energy as provided in the processed foods. We conclude that mixed dairy/cropping systems provide the greatest quantity of high-quality protein per unit price to the consumer, have the highest food energy production and can support the dietary requirements of the highest number of people, when assessed as all-year-round production systems. Global food and nutritional security will largely be an outcome of national or regional agroeconomies addressing their own food needs. We hope that our model will be used for similar analyses of food production systems in other countries, agroecological zones and economies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graeme D. Coles
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Stephen D. Wratten
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - John R. Porter
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Maliar T, Slaba G, Nemeček P, Maliarová M, Benková M, Havrlentová M, Ondrejovič M, Kraic J. Antioxidants, Enzyme Inhibitors, and Biogenic Compounds in Grain Extracts of Barleys. Chem Biodivers 2015; 12:1678-95. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201400419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
9
|
Allison MJ. AMYLASE ACTIVITY AND ENDOSPERM HARDNESS OF HIGH LYSINE BARLEYS. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2050-0416.1978.tb03879.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
10
|
Tallberg A. Comparison between Screening Methods for Lysine with the Use of a Barley Material with a Varying Amino Acid Composition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00015128009435693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
11
|
TALLBERG ANNELI. Protein and lysine content in high-lysine double-recessives of barley. I. Combinations between mutant 1508 and a Hiproly back-cross. Hereditas 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.1981.tb01762.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
12
|
Olsen OA. Diallel analysis of high lysine barley, Hordeum vulgare L. IV. Selection for double recessive high lysine genotypes. Hereditas 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.1980.tb01724.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
13
|
|
14
|
HOLMBERG EVA, KREFT IVAN, MUNCK LARS. Genetic differences in nutritional performance of some specific pathogen-free mice strains. Hereditas 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.1975.tb01483.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
15
|
TALLBERG ANNELI. Protein and lysine content in high-lysine double-recessives of barley II. Combinations between mutant 7 and a Hiproly back-cross. Hereditas 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.1981.tb01763.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
16
|
HEJGAARD J, BOISEN S. High-lysine proteins in Hiproly barley breeding: Identification, nutritional significance and new screening methods. Hereditas 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.1980.tb01369.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
17
|
TALLBERG ANNELI. The amino-acid composition in endosperm and embryo of a barley variety and its high lysine mutant. Hereditas 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.1977.tb01243.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
|
18
|
INGVERSEN JOHN. Structure and composition of protein bodies from wild-type and high-lysine barley endosperm. Hereditas 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.1975.tb01016.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
19
|
|
20
|
|
21
|
OLSEN OA. Inheritance of protein and lysine content in barley, Hordeum vulgare L., and their relationships to other characters. Hereditas 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.1980.tb01682.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
22
|
|
23
|
|
24
|
|
25
|
BALASARASWATHI R, KøIE BERTEL, DOLL HANS. The concentration and yield of hordein and some lysine-rich proteins as influenced by the lys gene of Hiproly barley. Hereditas 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.1984.tb00123.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
26
|
|
27
|
A chemometric evaluation of the underlying physical and chemical patterns that support near infrared spectroscopy of barley seeds as a tool for explorative classification of endosperm genes and gene combinations. J Cereal Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2005.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
28
|
Near infrared spectra indicate specific mutant endosperm genes and reveal a new mechanism for substituting starch with (1→3,1→4)-β-glucan in barley. J Cereal Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2004.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
29
|
Munck L. Detecting diversity – a new holistic, exploratory approach bridging phenotype and genotype. DEVELOPMENTS IN PLANT GENETICS AND BREEDING 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0168-7972(03)80013-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
30
|
Gabert VM, Brunsgaard G, Eggum BO, Jensen J. Protein quality and digestibility of new high-lysine barley varieties in growing rats. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 1995; 48:169-179. [PMID: 8837876 DOI: 10.1007/bf01088313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Four new high-lysine barley mutants, the variety 'Lysimax', with the high-lysine gene lys3a and the mutants mother variety 'Sultan' were grown in a field trial in 1993 at Risø, Denmark. Mutants 609, 1242, 1385 and 1405 yielded in the range of 89 to 98 percent and cv 'Lysimax' yielded 102 percent of cv 'Sultan' (100 percent). One-thousand kernel weights for the mutants were in the range of 87 to 97 percent and cv 'Lysimax' 83 percent of cv 'Sultan' (100 percent). Protein contents of the mutants were slightly higher, in the range of 13.2 to 13.6 percent, than of cv 'Sultan' (13.1 percent) and 'Lysimax' which had a protein content of 12.6 percent. Fat content was higher in 'Lysimax' and in the mutants except for mutant 1385 than in cv 'Sultan' while dietary fibre contents of the barleys were similar. The levels of beta-glucans and starch were usually lower in 'Lysimax' and in the mutants. The highest lysine levels: 4.6, 4.0 and 3.7 g/16 g N occurred in cv 'Lysimax' and mutants 609 and 1405 compared to 3.3, 3.3 and 3.2 for cv 'Sultan' and mutants 1242 and 1385, respectively. Mutants 609 and 1405 and cv 'Lysimax' also had higher levels of threonine, histidine and valine. The increased lysine contents resulted in large, at most 20 percent, increases in biological value; 88.8, 81.7 and 78.3 percent for cv 'Lysimax' and mutants 609 and 1405 compared to 74.2 percent for cv 'Sultan'. True protein digestibilities and energy digestibilities were slightly lower in 'Lysimax' than in 'Sultan', 5.3 and 4.3 percentage units, respectively. It is concluded that the development of high-lysine barley varieties is very beneficial for meeting the requirements of indispensable amino acids for humans and monogastric animals. In addition, nitrogen excretion into the environment is drastically reduced due to the higher biological values of the mutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V M Gabert
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, National Institute of Animal Science, Tjele, Denmark
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
|
32
|
Kirsop B. Opportunities for Biotechnology in Food Processing. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 1985. [DOI: 10.1080/02648725.1985.10647812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
33
|
Rasmussen U. Immunological screening for specific protein content in barley seeds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02907139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
34
|
von Wettstein D. Genetic engineering in the adaptation of plants to evolving human needs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01990287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
35
|
Segregation of high and low chymotrypsin inhibitor CI-2 content in crosses between hiproly and normal lysine barley genotypes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02907792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
36
|
Jonassen IB, Svendsen IB. Identification of the reactive sites in two homologous serine proteinase inhibitors isolated from barley. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02907871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
37
|
Genetic control of phaseolin protein expression in seeds of common bean,Phaseolus vulgaris L. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01108635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
38
|
Taverner MR, Hume ID, Farrell DJ. Availability to pigs of amino acids in cereal grains. 2. Apparent and true ileal availability. Br J Nutr 1981; 46:159-71. [PMID: 7260028 DOI: 10.1079/bjn19810018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
1. Pigs prepared with re-entrant ileal cannulas were used to determine the ileal availability of amino acids in nine cereal grains including five wheats, sorghum (Sorghum vulgare Pers.), maize, barley and Triticale. 2. The average true availability of amino acids in these grains was 0.88 but there were consistent differences in availability among amino acids. Generally, lysine and threonine were among the least available amino acids while glutamic acid and arginine were among the most available amino acids in cereal protein. 3. There was much variation in amino acid availability within a grain species (wheat) as among the other grains.
Collapse
|
39
|
|
40
|
Kosina R. Characterization of the caryopsis of common wheat varieties and F2 generation hybrids by means of multivariate analysis. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1981; 59:39-48. [PMID: 24276327 DOI: 10.1007/bf00275775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/1980] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Nineteen parameters of common wheat kernels were investigated by the multivariate procedure. A relationship between the DBC parameter and both specific gravity and kernel filling was found. In some populations an interdependence of the DBC parameter and the subaleurone endosperm thickness was found. In the analysis of principal components the DBC parameter was represented mostly by particular component. Significant dependences were found between the dimensions as well as the weight of the caryopsis and some dimensions of the crease and endosperm cavity. The dendrite constructed on the basis of the calculated Mahalanobis's generalized distances matrix represents the near affinity of reciprocal hybrids or pure lines originating from a single cultivar as well as hybrids and their parental forms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Kosina
- Institute of Botany, University of Wrooław, Wrooław, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Bansal HC, Singh RP, Bhaskaran S, Santha IM, Murty BR. Hybridization and selection for improving seed protein in barley. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1980; 58:129-136. [PMID: 24301343 DOI: 10.1007/bf00263104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/1980] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Hybridization followed by continuous selection of lines of barley from different cross-combinations involving high protein-high lysine genotypes and the agronomically superior strains resulted in breaking the negative correlations between 1000 grain weight and high protein content and high DBC values. The methodology of DBC-Kjeldahl protein adopted in the present study is likely to be useful in identifying high lysine lines. The present study has shown considerable variability with respect to protein content and grain weight and has provided interesting genotypes which can be used in synthesising lines with improved nutritional quality and productivity in barley. The success in breaking the undesirable linkages to factors that impair the endosperm development is due to sufficient genetic variability in the initial breeding material as well as the use of suitable breeding procedures like the full-sib mating in the early segregating generations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H C Bansal
- Nuclear Research Laboratory, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Characteristics of hiproly barley II. Quantification of two proteins contributing to its high lysine content. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1980. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02906532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
43
|
Jonassen I. Characteristics of hiproly barley I. Isolation and characterisation of two water-soluble high-lysine proteins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1980. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02906531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
44
|
Doll H, Brown AHD. HORDEIN VARIATION IN WILD (HORDEUM SPONTANEUM) AND CULTIVATED (H. VULGARE) BARLEY. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1979. [DOI: 10.1139/g79-043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The storage protein hordein contains two major groups of polypeptides which are highly polymorphic in barley, and in its evolutionary progenitor Hordeum spontaneum Koch. Crosses between the two species showed that the complex electrophoretic phenotypes within the two groups of polypeptides are governed by codominant alleles at two corresponding loci, Hor-1 and Hor-2, which are moderately linked (11% ± 2). In natural populations of the wild species, the two complex hordein loci were much more polymorphic than the allozyme loci. Furthermore, the variation at these two loci was highly correlated so that individuals differ from one another at both loci much more frequently than expected from the allele frequencies at the individual loci. Considerable hordein variation was also present in Composite Cross XXI, and there was evidence of reassortment of patterns by the seventeenth generation. Thus the complex hordein loci, with their extreme diversity and linkage disequilibrium, are ideal markers for monitoring evolutionary processes in both natural, or composite cross populations.
Collapse
|
45
|
JOHNSTON J, COON C. A Comparison of Six Protein Quality Assays Using Commercially Available Protein Meals , ,. Poult Sci 1979. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.0580919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
46
|
Bozzini A, Silano V. Control through breeding methods of factors affecting nutritional quality of cereals and grain legumes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1978; 105:249-74. [PMID: 727015 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-3366-1_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The comparison of nutritional quality parameters of proteins from cultivated cereal and legume species with animal proteins indicate the poor nutritional value of these plant products. The nutritive value of different cereal and legume species is very variable and large differences have also been observed coming from cultivars belonging to the same species. Many interpreting factors, such as protein content, essential amino acid composition and availability, protein digestibility and others are involved in such a highly variability. In addition, cereals as well as legumes may contain large amounts of antinutritional factors which can have serious effects under particular circumstances (e.e. tannins in a low-protein diet or phytates in a metal-deficient diet). Some legume species also contain chemicals of a different nature (i. e. lathyrogens, cyanogenetic glycosides, and others) which may be extremely toxic when ingested in significant amounts. The plant breeder attempting to develop higher-yielding, disease-resistant and nutritionally-improved crop varieties should be aware of such a complex of factors and alert to the possible production or increase of undesirable products or deleterious changes in chemical composition. Available data, although rather limited, indicate valuable breeding approaches to the improvement of nutritive value of cereal and legume grains for humans.
Collapse
|
47
|
Mertz ET. Methods for improving cereal protein quality. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1978; 105:275-9. [PMID: 727016 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-3366-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Three methods for improving cereal protein quality are discussed. Two older methods are supplementation with limiting essential amino acids and with protein concentrates high in those amino acids. The most recent method (since 1964) is the replacement of the normal cereal grain with its high lysine mutant counterpart. Three high lysine cereals are now available, corn, barley, and sorghum. In animal feeding, least cost formulas will determine which of the three improvement methods will be used. In human nutrition, cost, availability, palatability and acceptance are all equally important factors. In animals, pounds of gain per pound of feed will be the final measure of cereal protein quality. In humans, especially preschool children, the most important criterion will be the ability of the improved cereal protein to build a strong immune defense system. Animal studies show that protein quality is more important than calories when calories are restricted to less than ad libitum consumption. It is therefore essential that children restricted in their total energy intake have the best cereal protein quality possible to protect their immune system.
Collapse
|
48
|
Hoffmann F, Wenzel G. A single grain screening technique for breeding alkylresorcinol-poor rye. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1977; 50:1-2. [PMID: 24407491 DOI: 10.1007/bf00273789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/1977] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A quick and simple semi-quantitative method of selecting single seeds of rye for their content of 5-alkyl-resorcinols is presented. The resorcinols are extracted from whole, intact caryopses with acetone. Under the conditions described the germination rate is hardly decreased. The single grain method offers especially striking advantages when selffertile inbred lines are used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Hoffmann
- Projektgruppen Haploide in der Pflanzenzüchtung, Max-Planck-Institut für Pflanzengenetik, Ladenburg, BRD
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Prakash S, Misra B, Adsule R, Barat G. Distribution of β-N-oxalyl-L-α-β diaminopropionic Acid in Different Tissues of Aging Lathyrus sativus Plant. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/s0015-3796(17)30322-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
50
|
Kaestner HW, Kaul AK, Niemann EG. Use of tetrahymena pyriformis to evaluate the relative nutritive value (RNV) of some crop cultivars and processed cereals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1976. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02590311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|