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geng L, Li M, Zhang G, Ye L. Barley: a potential cereal for producing healthy and functional foods. FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/fqsafe/fyac012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Barley is the fourth largest cereal crop in the world. It is mainly used for feeding, beer production and food. Barley is receiving more attention from both agricultural and food scientists because of its special chemical composition and health benefits. In comparison with other cereal crops, including wheat, rice and maize, barley grains are rich in dietary fiber (such as β-glucan) and tocols, which are beneficial to human health. It is well proved that diets rich in those chemicals can provide protection against hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Barley has been widely recognized to be great potential as a healthy or functional food. In this review, we present the information about the studies on physical structure of barley grain and the distribution of main chemical components, nutrient and functional composition of barley grain and their health benefits, and the approaches of improving and utilizing the nutrient and functional chemicals in barley grain. With the development of processing technologies, functional components in barley grains, especially β-glucan, can be efficiently extracted and concentrated. Moreover, nutrient and functional components in barley grains can be efficiently improved by precise breeding and agronomic approaches. The review highlights the great potential of barley used as healthy and functional foods, and may be instructive for better utilization of barley in food processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- La geng
- Agronomy Department, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mengdi Li
- Agronomy Department, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Agronomy Department, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lingzhen Ye
- Agronomy Department, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang University Zhongyuan Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China
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Bose U, Juhász A, Yu R, Bahmani M, Byrne K, Blundell M, Broadbent JA, Howitt CA, Colgrave ML. Proteome and Nutritional Shifts Observed in Hordein Double-Mutant Barley Lines. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:718504. [PMID: 34567030 PMCID: PMC8458801 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.718504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lysine is the most limiting essential amino acid in cereals, and efforts have been made over the decades to improve the nutritional quality of these grains by limiting storage protein accumulation and increasing lysine content, while maintaining desired agronomic traits. The single lys3 mutation in barley has been shown to significantly increase lysine content but also reduces grain size. Herein, the regulatory effect of the lys3 mutation that controls storage protein accumulation as well as a plethora of critically important processes in cereal seeds was investigated in double mutant barley lines. This was enabled through the generation of three hordein double-mutants by inter-crossing three single hordein mutants, that had all been backcrossed three times to the malting barley cultivar Sloop. Proteome abundance measurements were integrated with their phenotype measurements; proteins were mapped to chromosomal locations and to their corresponding functional classes. These models enabled the prediction of previously unknown points of crosstalk that connect the impact of lys3 mutations to other signalling pathways. In combination, these results provide an improved understanding of how the mutation at the lys3 locus remodels cellular functions and impact phenotype that can be used in selective breeding to generate favourable agronomic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utpal Bose
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Angéla Juhász
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Ronald Yu
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Mahya Bahmani
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Keren Byrne
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Michelle L. Colgrave
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
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Orman-Ligeza B, Borrill P, Chia T, Chirico M, Doležel J, Drea S, Karafiátová M, Schatlowski N, Solomon CU, Steuernagel B, Wulff BBH, Uauy C, Trafford K. LYS3 encodes a prolamin-box-binding transcription factor that controls embryo growth in barley and wheat. J Cereal Sci 2020; 93:102965. [PMID: 32508376 PMCID: PMC7263734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2020.102965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mutations at the LYS3 locus in barley have multiple effects on grain development, including an increase in embryo size and a decrease in endosperm starch content. The gene underlying LYS3 was identified by genetic mapping and mutations in this gene were identified in all four barley lys3 alleles. LYS3 encodes a transcription factor called Prolamin Binding Factor (PBF). Its role in controlling embryo size was confirmed using wheat TILLING mutants. To understand how PBF controls embryo development, we studied its spatial and temporal patterns of expression in developing grains. The PBF gene is expressed in both the endosperm and the embryos, but the timing of expression in these organs differs. PBF expression in wild-type embryos precedes the onset of embryo enlargement in lys3 mutants, suggesting that PBF suppresses embryo growth. We predicted the down-stream target genes of PBF in wheat and found them to be involved in a wide range of biological processes, including organ development and starch metabolism. Our work suggests that PBF may influence embryo size and endosperm starch synthesis via separate gene control networks. LYS3 encodes a transcription factor called Prolamin Binding Factor (PBF) that is expressed in grains only. Wheat and barley LYS3/PBF mutants have enlarged embryos suggesting that this gene suppresses embryo growth. The predicted targets of wheat PBF are involved in a wide range of biological processes, including organ development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philippa Borrill
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Tansy Chia
- NIAB, Genetics and Breeding, Huntington Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
| | - Marcella Chirico
- NIAB, Genetics and Breeding, Huntington Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
| | - Jaroslav Doležel
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Sinead Drea
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Adrian Building University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Miroslava Karafiátová
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Charles U Solomon
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Adrian Building University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.,Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Abia State University, PMB 2000, Uturu, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Cristobal Uauy
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Kay Trafford
- NIAB, Genetics and Breeding, Huntington Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
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Cook F, Hughes N, Nibau C, Orman-Ligeza B, Schatlowski N, Uauy C, Trafford K. Barley lys3 mutants are unique amongst shrunken-endosperm mutants in having abnormally large embryos. J Cereal Sci 2018; 82:16-24. [PMID: 30245543 PMCID: PMC6142819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Many shrunken endosperm mutants of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) have been described and several of these are known to have lesions in starch biosynthesis genes. Here we confirm that one type of shrunken endosperm mutant, lys3 (so called because it was first identified as a high-lysine mutant) has an additional phenotype: as well as shrunken endosperm it also has enlarged embryos. The lys3 embryos have a dry weight that is 50-150% larger than normal. Observations of developing lys3 embryos suggest that they undergo a form of premature germination and the mature lys3 grains show reduced dormancy. In many respects, the phenotype of barley lys3 is similar to that of rice GIANT EMBRYO mutants (affected in the OsGE gene). However, the barley orthologue of OsGE is located on a different chromosome from Lys3. Together these results suggest that the gene underlying Lys3 is unlikely to encode a starch biosynthesis protein but rather a protein influencing grain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Cook
- The John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Nathan Hughes
- The National Plant Phenomics Centre, Institute of Biological, Rural and Environmental Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth SY23 3EE, UK
| | - Candida Nibau
- The National Plant Phenomics Centre, Institute of Biological, Rural and Environmental Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth SY23 3EE, UK
| | - Beata Orman-Ligeza
- The National Institute of Agricultural Botany, Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB3 0LE, UK
| | - Nicole Schatlowski
- The National Institute of Agricultural Botany, Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB3 0LE, UK
| | - Cristobal Uauy
- The John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Kay Trafford
- The National Institute of Agricultural Botany, Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB3 0LE, UK
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TALLBERG ANNELI. Protein and lysine content in high-lysine double-recessives of barley. I. Combinations between mutant 1508 and a Hiproly back-cross. Hereditas 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.1981.tb01762.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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