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Leung AKC, Barankin B, Lam JM, Leong KF. Childhood guttate psoriasis: an updated review. Drugs Context 2023; 12:2023-8-2. [PMID: 37908643 PMCID: PMC10615329 DOI: 10.7573/dic.2023-8-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Guttate psoriasis is common and affects 0.5-2% of individuals in the paediatric age group. This review aims to familiarize physicians with the clinical manifestations, evaluation, diagnosis and proper management of guttate psoriasis. Methods A search was conducted in July 2023 in PubMed Clinical Queries using the key term "guttate psoriasis". The search strategy included all observational studies, clinical trials and reviews published within the past 10 years. The information retrieved from the search was used in the compilation of the present article. Results Guttate psoriasis typically presents with an abrupt onset of numerous, small, scattered, tear-drop-shaped, scaly, erythematous, pruritic papules and plaques. Sites of predilection include the trunk and proximal extremities. There may be a history of preceding streptococcal infection. Koebner phenomenon is characteristic. Guttate psoriasis may spontaneously remit within 3-4 months with no residual scarring, may intermittently recur and, in 40-50% of cases, may persist and progress to chronic plaque psoriasis. Given the possibility for spontaneous remission within several months, active treatment may not be necessary except for cosmetic purposes or because of pruritus. On the other hand, given the high rates of persistence of guttate psoriasis and progression to chronic plaque psoriasis, some authors suggest active treatment of this condition. Conclusion Various treatment options are available for guttate psoriasis. Triggering and exacerbating factors should be avoided if possible. Topical corticosteroids alone or in combination with other topical agents (e.g. tazarotene and vitamin D analogues) are the most rapid and efficient treatment for guttate psoriasis and are therefore the first-line treatment for mild cases. Other topical therapies include vitamin D analogues, calcineurin inhibitors, anthralin, coal tar and tazarotene. Ultraviolet phototherapy is the first-line therapy for moderate-to-severe guttate psoriasis, as it is more practical than topical therapy when treating widespread or numerous small lesions. Systemic immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory therapies (e.g. methotrexate, cyclosporine, retinoids, fumaric acid esters and biologics) may be considered for patients with moderate-to-severe guttate psoriasis who fail to respond to phototherapy and topical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander KC Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- The Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Joseph M Lam
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Dermatology and Skin Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kin Fon Leong
- Pediatric Institute, Kuala Lumpur General Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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2
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Sticherling M, McPherson T, de Lucas Laguna R, Costanzo A, Reed C, Artime E, Robert C, Lucas J, Schuster C, Mahé E. Patient Characteristics and Treatment Patterns in European Pediatric Patients with Psoriasis: A Real-World, Cross-Sectional Study. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2022; 12:1793-1808. [PMID: 35797001 PMCID: PMC9357581 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-022-00761-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study evaluated patient characteristics and treatment patterns according to weight in pediatric patients with psoriasis in a real-world setting. Methods Primary care and specialist physicians treating pediatric patients with psoriasis aged 6–17 years in five European countries were surveyed in the 2019–2020 Adelphi Real World Pediatric Psoriasis Disease Specific Programme. At least two patients with current or previous biologic use were included per physician. Patient characteristics and treatment patterns were analyzed overall and for patients weighing 25–50 kg or more than 50 kg. Results Data from 772 patients weighing 25–50 kg and 1147 weighing more than 50 kg were analyzed. Median age at diagnosis was significantly less in lighter than heavier patients (10.0 vs. 14.0 years; p < 0.001), as was median disease duration (2.2 vs. 3.0 years; p < 0.001). Topical treatments were prescribed in 59.0% of patients overall (70.3% of lighter and 51.4% of heavier patients; p < 0.001), and were used to treat mild rather than moderate-to-severe psoriasis. Conventional systemic use was low (10.8% of patients overall) and predominantly for moderate-to-severe psoriasis. In this biologic-enriched sample, most biologics (78.2%) were prescribed in older (> 13 years) patients. Biologic use increased with line of therapy (6.6% of first-line, 18.0% of second-line, 33.7% of third-line, 44.7% of fourth-line treatments). Conclusion Biologics are predominantly prescribed in older (> 13 years) and heavier (> 50 kg) patients, with little first- or second-line use. The low use of biologics in European pediatric patients with psoriasis may represent an unmet treatment need, as topical or conventional systemic agents remain the main treatment option for moderate or severe psoriasis in these patients through the treatment pathway. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13555-022-00761-7. This study looked into types of treatments according to body weight in children with psoriasis, since approved dosing regimens for some treatments are based on body weight. Primary care and specialist physicians treating children with psoriasis aged 6–17 years in five European countries completed a survey. Patient information for those receiving specific types of psoriasis treatments were collected. Of the children included, 772 weighed 25–50 kg and 1147 weighed more than 50 kg. Most children received treatments applied to the skin, such as creams and ointments; this occurred in 70% of lighter patients and in 51% of heavier patients. Conventional treatments taken via the mouth were prescribed in a few patients (11% [overall]), while newer biologic drugs were taken to a greater extent in heavier (30%) than lighter (16%) patients. Most biologics (78%) were prescribed in older (> 13 years) patients. Biologic use increased with the number of failed previous treatments, comprising 7%, 18%, 34%, and 45% of first, second, third, and fourth treatments, respectively. We conclude that children with psoriasis who are treated with biologic drugs are predominantly older and heavier, and have more severe psoriasis. Prescriptions for biologics are given after many other treatments have been tried.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sticherling
- Department of Dermatology, Psoriasic-Center, Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University of Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tess McPherson
- Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LE UK
| | - Raúl de Lucas Laguna
- Servicio de Dermatología Infantil, Hospital Universitario La Paz, P.º de la Castellana, 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Costanzo
- Dermatology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
- Dermatology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Alessandro Manzoni, 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Catherine Reed
- Eli Lilly and Company, 8 Arlington Square West, Downshire Way, Bracknell, Berkshire, RG12 1PU UK
| | - Esther Artime
- Eli Lilly and Company, Av. de la Industria, 30, 28108 Alcobendas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Camille Robert
- Lilly France SAS, 24 Bd Vital Bouhot, 92521 Neuilly Sur Seine, France
| | - James Lucas
- Adelphi Real-World, Adelphi Mil, Grimshaw Lane, Macclesfield, SK10 5JB UK
| | | | - Emmanuel Mahé
- Service de Dermatologie, Hôpital Victor Dupouy, 69, Rue du Lieutenant-Colonel Prud’hon, 95107 Argenteuil, France
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3
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The impact of external factors on psoriasis. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/ahem-2022-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Psoriasis is one of the most common chronic inflammatory skin diseases, constituting a significant health and socioeconomic problem. Despite numerous therapeutic options, the results of treatment very often remain insufficient. It is extremely important to remember that many external factors impact the effectiveness of therapy. This article discusses the importance of emollients in therapy and the influence of infectious agents and injuries on the course of psoriasis. Understanding the above-mentioned factors in the treatment of psoriasis is critical to achieve satisfactory therapeutic effects.
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Katakam BK, Munisamy M, Rao TN, Chiramel MJ, Panda M, Gupta S, PSS R, Seetharam KA. Recommendations for Management of Childhood Psoriasis. Indian Dermatol Online J 2021; 12:S71-S85. [PMID: 34976883 PMCID: PMC8664175 DOI: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_965_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood psoriasis is recognized as a potential multisystem disorder and hence it is imperative to optimize disease management to arrest progression, minimize psychological burden and evolution of metabolic syndrome. Clinical practice recommendations are necessary to assist practitioners in appropriate decision making based on available evidence. Owing to the lack of Indian recommendations on childhood psoriasis, the SIG Pediatric Dermatology under IADVL Academy undertook an evidence-based approach based on published literature on the topic, between January 2000 and July 2020 to frame the recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhumesh Kumar Katakam
- Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Gandhi Medical College, Secunderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Malathi Munisamy
- Dermatology and STD, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | | | | | - Maitreyee Panda
- Dermatology, IMS and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sandeep Gupta
- Consultant Dermatologist, Balaji Skin Clinic, New Delhi, India
| | - Ranugha PSS
- Dermatology, JSS Medical College and Hospital, JSSAHER, Mysore, Karnataka, India
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5
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Pharmacokinetics and safety of apremilast in pediatric patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis: Results from a phase 2 open-label study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2020; 82:389-397. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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6
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Frantz T, Wright EG, Balogh EA, Cline A, Adler-Neal AL, Feldman SR. Topical and Oral Therapies for Childhood Atopic Dermatitis and Plaque Psoriasis. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 6:E125. [PMID: 31694234 PMCID: PMC6915686 DOI: 10.3390/children6110125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis in children is difficult due to lack of standardized treatment guidelines and few FDA-approved treatment options. Treatments approved for adults may be used off-label in pediatric patients. OBJECTIVE This review evaluates the topical and oral treatment options available, including off-label uses, and provides a basic therapeutic guideline for pediatric atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. METHODS A PubMed review of topical and systemic treatments for pediatric psoriasis and atopic dermatitis with information regarding age, efficacy, dosing, contra-indications, adverse events, and off-label treatments. RESULTS The search identified seven topical and five systemic treatments that are routinely employed to treat pediatric atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. LIMITATIONS Standardized guidelines regarding treatment choice, dosing, and long-term safety are scarce. Reviews may be subject to ascertainment bias. CONCLUSIONS Current treatment guidelines are based on clinical experience and expert advice with few treatments officially approved for atopic dermatitis and psoriasis in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis Frantz
- Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Ellen G Wright
- Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Esther A Balogh
- Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Abigail Cline
- Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Adrienne L Adler-Neal
- Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Steven R Feldman
- Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
- Department of Social Sciences & Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
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7
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Namazova-Baranova LS, Murashkin NN, Ambarchyan EHT, Materikin AI. SYSTEM THERAPY OF PSORIASIS IN CHILDREN (PART I). VESTNIK DERMATOLOGII I VENEROLOGII 2017. [DOI: 10.25208/0042-4609-2017-93-4-74-81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We include a review of modern methods of systemic therapy of psoriasis in children, indications for which are moderate and severe forms of psoriasis with PASI 10, skin pathological process that is uncontrollable with topical drugs, skin lesions with functional localization (lesions of genitals, palms and soles, facial skin), erythrodermic psoriasis, pustular psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis. We provide information on the techniques of narrow-band phototherapy (UVB 311 nm) that are used in the treatment of psoriasis in children. We provide data on efficacy, safety, necessary monitoring of clinical and laboratory indicators, peculiarities of vaccination during treatment of children with acitretin, methotrexate, cyclosporine.
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8
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Thorleifsdottir RH, Eysteinsdóttir JH, Olafsson JH, Sigurdsson MI, Johnston A, Valdimarsson H, Sigurgeirsson B. Throat Infections are Associated with Exacerbation in a Substantial Proportion of Patients with Chronic Plaque Psoriasis. Acta Derm Venereol 2016; 96:788-91. [PMID: 26984718 DOI: 10.2340/00015555-2408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcal throat infections are known to trigger or exacerbate psoriasis, and several studies support the benefit of tonsillectomy. To evaluate the potential of tonsillectomy as a treatment, we used a retrospective study-specific questionnaire to assess the proportion of psoriasis patients with sore throat-associated psoriasis exacerbations. Our survey sampled 275 psoriasis patients. Of patients with plaque psoriasis, 42% reported sore throat-associated psoriasis exacerbations, and of patients with confirmed streptococcal infections, 72% reported aggravation. Notably, women and patients with early onset psoriasis were more likely to report psoriasis exacerbation after a sore throat (p < 0.001, p = 0.046, respectively). Other psoriasis aggravation factors were more common in patients with sore throat-associated exacerbations (p < 0.01). Of tonsillectomized patients, 49% reported subsequent improvement and had more frequent sore throat-associated aggravation of psoriasis than patients who did not improve after tonsillectomy (p = 0.015). These findings suggest a closer association between sore throats, streptococcal throat infections and plaque psoriasis than reported previously.
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9
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Napolitano M, Megna M, Balato A, Ayala F, Lembo S, Villani A, Balato N. Systemic Treatment of Pediatric Psoriasis: A Review. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2016; 6:125-42. [PMID: 27085539 PMCID: PMC4906111 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-016-0117-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated, inflammatory skin disease, affecting 1-3% of the white population. Although the existence of two psoriasis incidence peaks has been suggested (one in adolescence before 20 years of age and another in adulthood), its onset may occur at any age, including childhood and adolescence, in which the incidence is now estimated at 40.8 per 100,000. As for adult psoriasis, pediatric psoriasis has recently been associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome, increased waist circumference percentiles and metabolic laboratory abnormalities, warranting early monitoring and lifestyle modifications. In addition, due to psoriasis' chronic nature and frequently occurring relapses, psoriatic patients tend to have an impaired quality of life, often requiring long-term treatment. Therefore, education of both pediatric patients and their parents is essential to successful and safe disease management. Given the lack of officially approved therapies, the very limited evidence-based data from randomized controlled trials, and the absence of standardized guidelines, to date, pediatric psoriasis treatment is primarily based on published case reports, case series, guidelines for adult psoriasis, expert opinions and experience with these drugs in other pediatric disorders coming from the disciplines of rheumatology, gastroenterology and oncology. This review focuses on the use of systemic treatments in pediatric psoriasis and their specific features, analyzing the few literature evidences available, expanding the treatment repertoire and guiding dermatologists in better managing of recalcitrant pediatric psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matteo Megna
- Department of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Anna Balato
- Department of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Ayala
- Department of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Lembo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Villani
- Department of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Balato
- Department of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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10
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Carrascosa J, de la Cueva P, Ara M, Puig L, Bordas X, Carretero G, Ferrándiz L, Sánchez-Carazo J, Daudén E, López-Estebaranz J, Vidal D, Herranz P, Jorquera E, Coto-Segura P, Ribera M. Methotrexate in Moderate to Severe Psoriasis: Review of the Literature and Expert Recommendations. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2016.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Charbit L, Mahé E, Phan A, Chiaverini C, Boralevi F, Bourrat E, Lasek A, Maruani A, Aubin F, Droitcourt C, Barbarot S, Mallet S, Mazereeuw-Hautier J, Begon E, Abasq C, Plantin P, Souillet AL, Hadj-Rabia S, Bursztejn AC. Systemic treatments in childhood psoriasis: a French multicentre study on 154 children. Br J Dermatol 2016; 174:1118-21. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Charbit
- Department of Dermatology; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nancy; Nancy France
| | - E. Mahé
- Department of Dermatology; Hôpital Victor Dupouy; Argenteuil France
| | - A. Phan
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit; Claude Bernard - Lyon 1 University; Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant; Bron France
| | - C. Chiaverini
- Department of Dermatology; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice Hôpital l'Archet; Nice France
| | - F. Boralevi
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit; Pellegrin Hospital; Bordeaux France
| | - E. Bourrat
- Department of Pediatrics; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris Hôpital Saint Louis; Paris France
| | - A. Lasek
- Department of Dermatology; Groupe Hospitalier de l'Institut Catholique de Lille; Lille France
| | - A. Maruani
- Department of Dermatology; Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours Hôpital Trousseau et Université François Rabelais Tours; Tours France
| | - F. Aubin
- Department of Dermatology; Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire Hôpital Jean Minjoz; Besançon France
| | - C. Droitcourt
- Department of Dermatology; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes; Rennes France
| | - S. Barbarot
- Department of Dermatology; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes Hôtel-Dieu; Nantes France
| | - S. Mallet
- Department of Dermatology; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille Hôpital de la Timone; Marseille France
| | - J. Mazereeuw-Hautier
- Department of Dermatology; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse Hôpital Larrey; Toulouse France
| | - E. Begon
- Department of Dermatology; Centre Hospitalier René Dubos; Pontoise France
| | - C. Abasq
- Department of Dermatology; Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest; Brest France
| | - P. Plantin
- Department of Dermatology; Centre Hospitalier de Cornouaille Hôpital Laënnec; Quimper France
| | - A.-L. Souillet
- Departement of Pneumology-Allergology-Dermatology; Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant; Bron France
| | - S. Hadj-Rabia
- Reference Center for Genodermatoses and Rare Skin Diseases (MAGEC); Department of Dermatology; Université Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité; Institut Imagine; Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris; Paris France
| | - A.-C. Bursztejn
- Department of Dermatology; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nancy; Nancy France
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12
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Methotrexate in Moderate to Severe Psoriasis: Review of the Literature and Expert Recommendations. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2015; 107:194-206. [PMID: 26614486 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is the most frequently used conventional systemic drug in the treatment of psoriasis. Despite over 50years of experience in this setting, certain aspects of the use of this drug in clinical practice are still little standardized and poorly understood. For this reason, a group of 15 experts took part in a consensus development conference to achieve consensus on a series of recommendations on the use of MTX in psoriasis. The guidelines, which were developed on the basis of a systematic review of the literature, were validated by 2 rounds of voting and categorized by level of evidence and grade of recommendation. Before MTX can be used to treat moderate to severe psoriasis, the patient must be evaluated to assess the suitability of the treatment, including consideration of vaccination status and screening for tuberculosis and pregnancy. The recommended starting dose for a patient with no risk factors is 10 to 20mg/wk, the therapeutic dose for most patients is 15mg/wk, and the maximum dose is 20mg/wk. Most patients who respond to treatment will show improvement within 8weeks. Parenteral administration of MTX is desirable when there is a risk of erroroneous dosing, nonadherence, gastrointestinal intolerance, or inadequate response to the therapeutic dose taken orally. Noninvasive methods are preferred for monitoring hepatotoxicity. MTX is a good treatment option for patients with a history of cancer, but is not recommended in patients with chronic hepatitisB infection or individuals who are seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus.
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13
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Spencer CH, Patwardhan A. Pediatric Rheumatology for the Primary Care Clinicians-Recognizing Patterns of Disease. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care 2015. [PMID: 26205101 DOI: 10.1016/j.cppeds.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This review presents a diagnostic approach to musculoskeletal and rheumatic diseases in children for primary care clinicians. The focus is on juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) as the major arthritis disease in children. It is necessary to know the personalities of these JIA categories. It is also crucial to be able to recognize the common infectious, orthopedic and mechanical, malignant, genetic, other rheumatic diseases, and other miscellaneous syndromes that can mimic JIA. To do so requires recognition of clinical patterns using a thorough musculoskeletal and rheumatic history and repeated complete physical exams with emphasis on the musculoskeletal exam. It also requires targeted and limited laboratory testing with careful follow-up over time.
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14
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Bronckers IMGJ, Paller AS, van Geel MJ, van de Kerkhof PCM, Seyger MMB. Psoriasis in Children and Adolescents: Diagnosis, Management and Comorbidities. Paediatr Drugs 2015; 17:373-84. [PMID: 26072040 PMCID: PMC4744260 DOI: 10.1007/s40272-015-0137-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common chronic immune-mediated inflammatory skin disorder and begins in childhood in almost one-third of the cases. Although children present with the same clinical subtypes of psoriasis seen in adults, lesions may differ in distribution and morphology, and their clinical symptoms at presentation may vary from those reported by adult patients. Nevertheless, diagnosis of psoriasis is primarily based on clinical features. Pediatric psoriasis can have a profound long-term impact on the psychological health of affected children. Additionally, pediatric psoriasis has been associated with certain comorbidities, such as obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus and rheumatoid arthritis, making early diagnosis and management essential. As guidelines are lacking and most (systemic) treatments are not approved for use in children, treatment of pediatric psoriasis remains a challenge. A prospective, multicenter, international registry is needed to evaluate these treatments in a standardized manner and ultimately to develop international guidelines on pediatric psoriasis. This article reviews current concepts in pediatric psoriasis including epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, the role of topical and systemic agents and the association with other morbidities in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. M. G. J. Bronckers
- />Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, René Descartesdreef 1, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A. S. Paller
- />Department of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - M. J. van Geel
- />Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, René Descartesdreef 1, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - P. C. M. van de Kerkhof
- />Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, René Descartesdreef 1, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M. M. B. Seyger
- />Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, René Descartesdreef 1, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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15
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Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a burdensome disease and has the potential to affect the life course of patients. It is a rare disease in children, and the recorded literature is correspondingly scarce. This article reviews the therapeutic options for HS in children and adolescents, and highlights particular differences or challenges with treating patients in this age group compared with adults. The work-up of paediatric patients with HS should include considerations of possible endocrine co-morbidities and obesity. Medical therapy of lesions may include topical clindamycin. Systemic therapy may include analgesics, clindamycin and rifampicin, finasteride, corticosteroids or tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) blockers. Superinfections should be appropriately treated. Scarring lesions generally require surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Riis Mikkelsen
- Department of Dermatology, Roskilde Hospital, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,
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van Geel M, Mul K, de Jager M, van de Kerkhof P, de Jong E, Seyger M. Systemic treatments in paediatric psoriasis: a systematic evidence-based update. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2014; 29:425-37. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M.J. van Geel
- Department of Dermatology; Radboud university medical center; Nijmegen the Netherlands
| | - K. Mul
- Department of Dermatology; Radboud university medical center; Nijmegen the Netherlands
| | - M.E.A. de Jager
- Department of Dermatology; Radboud university medical center; Nijmegen the Netherlands
| | - P.C.M. van de Kerkhof
- Department of Dermatology; Radboud university medical center; Nijmegen the Netherlands
| | - E.M.G.J. de Jong
- Department of Dermatology; Radboud university medical center; Nijmegen the Netherlands
| | - M.M.B. Seyger
- Department of Dermatology; Radboud university medical center; Nijmegen the Netherlands
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Steinz K, Gerdes S, Domm S, Mrowietz U. Systemic treatment with fumaric acid esters in six paediatric patients with psoriasis in a psoriasis centre. Dermatology 2014; 229:199-204. [PMID: 25247273 DOI: 10.1159/000363103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is one of the most common inflammatory skin disorders. There are only limited data on systemic treatment in children. OBJECTIVE To assess the safety and clinical efficacy of the treatment of six paediatric patients with fumaric acid esters (FAE, Fumaderm) for psoriasis. METHODS Six patients aged 6-17 years were treated with FAE. Patients underwent regular assessment. Treatment efficacy was evaluated using the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) and body surface area (BSA). RESULTS The mean duration of treatment was 17.8 months. PASI and BSA were determined after 12 weeks. All patients showed improvement in their skin condition, two achieving PASI75, one PASI90 and three PASI100 response. Proteinuria was encountered in one patient and two patients suffered from gastrointestinal discomfort. Treatment was discontinued due to remission in two patients. CONCLUSION Treatment with FAE in paediatric patients is a valuable alternative option when systemic treatment is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Steinz
- Psoriasis Centre at the Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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18
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Fotiadou C, Lazaridou E, Ioannides D. Management of psoriasis in adolescence. ADOLESCENT HEALTH MEDICINE AND THERAPEUTICS 2014; 5:25-34. [PMID: 24729738 PMCID: PMC3961070 DOI: 10.2147/ahmt.s36672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory cutaneous disorder affecting 2%–4% of the world’s population. The prevalence of the disease in childhood and adolescence ranges between 0.5% and 2%. The management of psoriasis in adolescence is an intriguing and complicated task. Given the paucity of officially approved therapies, the very limited evidence-based data from randomized controlled trials, and the absence of standardized guidelines, physicians must rely on published experience from case reports both from the field of dermatology as well as from the application of these drugs for other pediatric conditions coming from the disciplines of rheumatology, gastroenterology, and oncology. Psoriatic adolescents deal with a potentially disfiguring and lifelong disease that could permanently impair their psychological development. It must be clarified to them that psoriasis does not have a permanent cure, and therefore the main goal of treatments is to establish disease control and prolonged periods between flares. The majority of adolescents suffer from mild psoriasis, and thus they are treated basically with topical treatment modalities. Phototherapy is reserved for adolescents with mild-to-moderate plaque disease and/or guttate psoriasis when routine visits to specialized centers do not create practical problems. Systemic agents and biologics are administered to patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis, pustular psoriasis, or erythrodermic psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Fotiadou
- First Department of Dermatology-Venereology, Aristotle University Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Elizabeth Lazaridou
- First Department of Dermatology-Venereology, Aristotle University Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Demetrios Ioannides
- First Department of Dermatology-Venereology, Aristotle University Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece
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19
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Treatment of nail psoriasis: common concepts and new trends. Dermatol Res Pract 2013; 2013:180496. [PMID: 23762032 PMCID: PMC3666424 DOI: 10.1155/2013/180496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The lifetime incidence of nail involvement in psoriatic patients is estimated to be 80-90%, and the nails can be affected in 10% to 55% of psoriatic patients. Psoriasis may also solely involve the nails, without any other skin findings, in which the treatment can be more challenging. Nail psoriasis may lead to considerable impairment in quality of life due to aesthetic concerns and more importantly limitations in daily activities resulting from the associated pain, which may be overlooked by the physicians. Several topical and systemic treatment modalities, as well as radiation and light systems, have been used in the treatment of nail psoriasis. In the last decade, the introduction of biologic agents and the utilization of laser systems have brought a new insight into the treatment of nail psoriasis. This paper focuses on the recent advances, as well as the conventional methods, in treating nail psoriasis in adults and children, in reference to an extensive literature search.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND With a prevalence of 0.71%, psoriasis represents one of the most frequent dermatoses in childhood. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eight children with severe psoriasis who failed to respond to other therapy received a weight- adapted treatment with etanercept (0.8 mg/kg body) administered subcutaneously once weekly after latent tuberculosis had been excluded. Follow-up visits were at week 4 and 12, subsequently every 12 weeks. RESULTS Mean age at the start of treatment was 11.8 (range 7-16), six patients were boys. Within three months, six patients reached Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) reduction of 75%. Two patients stopped use at week 12 because of ineffectiveness. Apart from local side reactions and minor infections, no adverse events were observed. CONCLUSION In our case series, etanercept proved to be an efficient drug in juvenile psoriasis without serious adverse events. However, patient registries and further randomized, double-blinded control studies are crucial to evaluate long-term efficacy and safety of etanercept.
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Affiliation(s)
- F C Beikert
- CeDeF - Competenzzentrum Dermatologische Forschung, IVDP - Institut für Versorgungsforschung in der Dermatologie und bei Pflegeberufen, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland.
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Sticherling M, Augustin M, Boehncke WH, Christophers E, Domm S, Gollnick H, Reich K, Mrowietz U. Therapy of psoriasis in childhood and adolescence - a German expert consensus. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2011; 9:815-23. [PMID: 21585653 DOI: 10.1111/j.1610-0387.2011.07668.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis of childhood shows an annual prevalence of 0.71 % and accordingly has to be regarded as a frequent chronic inflammatory skin disorder of this age. The impact on the quality of life as well as development of the afflicted children and their parents is evident. On the other side, therapy is demanding with regard to the specific juvenile metabolism, physical development and skin penetration of topical drugs. Long-term treatment at an early age has to be critically judged regarding the chronicity of the disease. Topical corticosteroids, alternatively dithranol may be used first-line, followed by vitamin D derivatives. A combination with UV-light, preferably UV-B, has to be decided on an individual basis. Systemic treatment may be initiated in recalcitrant disease with methotrexate and cyclosporine where long-term experience is available from juvenile rheumatology and transplantation medicine. Alternatively fumaric acid esters or retinoids are available. Rehabilitation procedures will help the children and their parents to cope with the disease and its treatment. The different treatment options are presented here as a German expert consensus, as clinical studies are hardly available and only a few therapeutics are licensed for this age. In any case the therapy has to be individually planned and decided together with the patients and their parents to gain maximal safety, comfort and success.
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