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Nishimoto T, Kodama Y, Matsuura T, Ozaki K, Taniguchi Y. Hyperglycemia simultaneously induces initial caries development and enhances spontaneous occlusal surface wear in molar teeth related to parotid gland disorder in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. J Toxicol Pathol 2017; 30:47-55. [PMID: 28190924 PMCID: PMC5293691 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2016-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and salivary gland dysfunction are major factors that induce dental caries in experimental animals, but there are no reports analyzing the association of dental caries and salivary glands in an animal model of diabetes mellitus (DM). To clarify the initial development of dental caries and preceding salivary gland disorder, we performed a histopathological analysis on teeth and salivary glands in diabetic Wistar rats 7 weeks after alloxan treatment (DM group) in comparison with nondiabetic rats (Non-DM group) and functional analysis on saliva secretion during the experimental period. Pilocarpine-induced salivary fluid secretion in diabetic rats gradually decreased with continuous hyperglycemia from immediately after alloxan treatment to the time of autopsy. Histopathologically, Oil Red O-positive lipid droplets accumulated in the acinar cells of the parotid gland. No tooth was stereoscopically defined as having dental caries in any of the rats in either group; however, the external appearance remarkably changed owing to occlusal wear in almost all molars in the DM group. The initial lesions of dental caries, appearing as micro-defects in dentin with bacterial colonization on the molar surface, were identified using histopathological analysis, and the incidence in the DM group was more than twice that in the Non-DM group. In conclusion, hyperglycemia simultaneously induces initial caries development and enhances spontaneous occlusal wear in molar teeth of Wistar rats 7 weeks after alloxan treatment. The parotid gland dysfunction caused by hyperglycemia may be mostly involved in the pathogenesis of occlusal wear as well as in dental caries in this diabetic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Nishimoto
- Laboratory of Clinicopathological Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, 5-1-1 Hirokoshingai, Kure, Hiroshima 737-0112, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kodama
- Laboratory of Clinicopathological Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, 5-1-1 Hirokoshingai, Kure, Hiroshima 737-0112, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Matsuura
- Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Kiyokazu Ozaki
- Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Taniguchi
- Laboratory of Clinicopathological Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, 5-1-1 Hirokoshingai, Kure, Hiroshima 737-0112, Japan
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Knaś M, Maciejczyk M, Daniszewska I, Klimiuk A, Matczuk J, Kołodziej U, Waszkiel D, Ładny JR, Żendzian-Piotrowska M, Zalewska A. Oxidative Damage to the Salivary Glands of Rats with Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes-Temporal Study: Oxidative Stress and Diabetic Salivary Glands. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:4583742. [PMID: 27478848 PMCID: PMC4961808 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4583742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. This study evaluated oxidative damage caused to the salivary glands in streptozotocin-induced diabetes (DM). Materials and Methods. Rats were divided into 4 groups: groups 1 and 2, control rats, and groups 3 and 4, DM rats. 8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), protein carbonyl (PC), 4-hydroxynonenal protein adduct (4-HNE), oxidized and/or MDA-modified LDL-cholesterol (oxy-LDL/MDA), 8-isoprostanes (8-isoP), and oxidative stress index (OSI) were measured at 7 (groups 1 and 3) and 14 (groups 2 and 4) days of experiment. Results. The unstimulated salivary flow in DM rats was reduced in the 2nd week, while the stimulated flow was decreased throughout the duration of the experiment versus control. OSI was elevated in both diabetic glands in the 1st and 2nd week, whereas 8-isoP and 8-OHdG were higher only in the parotid gland in the second week. PC and 4-HNE were increased in the 1st and 2nd week, whereas oxy-LDL/MDA was increased in the 2nd week in the diabetic parotid glands. Conclusions. Diabetes induces oxidative damage of the salivary glands, which seems to be caused by processes taking place in the salivary glands, independently of general oxidative stress. The parotid glands are more vulnerable to oxidative damage in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Knaś
- Department of Health Care, Higher Vocational School, Noniewicza 10 Street, 16-400 Suwalki, Poland
| | - M. Maciejczyk
- Students' Scientific Group “Stomatological Biochemistry”, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej M.C. 24a Street, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
| | - I. Daniszewska
- Specialist Dental Practice, I. Daniszewska, Żeromskiego 5 Street, 15-225 Bialystok, Poland
| | - A. Klimiuk
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University Bialystok, Sklodowskiej M.C. 24a Street, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
| | - J. Matczuk
- County Veterinary Inspection, Zwycięstwa 26B Street, 15-959 Bialystok, Poland
| | - U. Kołodziej
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University Bialystok, Sklodowskiej M.C. 24a Street, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
| | - D. Waszkiel
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University Bialystok, Sklodowskiej M.C. 24a Street, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
| | - J. R. Ładny
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Disaster, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37 Street, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland
| | - M. Żendzian-Piotrowska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c Street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - A. Zalewska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University Bialystok, Sklodowskiej M.C. 24a Street, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
- *A. Zalewska:
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Mahay S, Adeghate E, Lindley MZ, Rolph CE, Singh J. Streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus alters the morphology, secretory function and acyl lipid contents in the isolated rat parotid salivary gland. Mol Cell Biochem 2005; 261:175-81. [PMID: 15362501 DOI: 10.1023/b:mcbi.0000028753.33225.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with numerous conditions including hypo-secretion of digestive enzymes. This study investigated the morphology, secretory function (alpha-amylase release) and acyl lipid contents in the isolated parotid gland of STZ-induced diabetic and age-matched control rats in order to provide insights into diabetes-induced salivary insufficiency. The techniques employed included light microscopy, colourimetric and gas chromatography (GC) analysis, respectively. Diabetes mellitus was induced in adult male Wistar rats by a single intraperitoneal (IP) injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (60 mg per kg body weight). Control animals were injected with a similar volume of citrate buffer. The animals were tested for DM 4 days after STZ injection and 2 months later when they were humanely killed for the experiment. The morphological results showed diabetic parotid glands to be extensively infiltrated with lipid droplets of various magnitudes, whereas glands from control animals display normal structure with the absence of lipid droplets. The analysis of parotid secretory function revealed a significant (p < 0.05) dose-dependent decrease in alpha-amylase release in response to noradrenaline (NA) in STZ-treated glands when compared to age-match control parotid glands. Furthermore, the levels of acyl lipids (16:0, 16:1, 18:0 and 18:1) in diabetic parotid glands was significantly (p < 0.01) reduced compared to control glands, along with a reduced ratio of 16:1/16:0. The results indicate DM can elicit changes in the morphology, secretory function and acyl fatty acid quantity in the isolated rat parotid gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mahay
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, England, UK
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Nicolau J, de Matos JA, de Souza DN, Neves LB, Lopes AC. Altered glycogen metabolism in the submandibular and parotid salivary glands of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. J Oral Sci 2005; 47:111-6. [PMID: 16050492 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.47.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Experimental animal models of diabetes induced either by alloxan or streptozotocin have been used to study aspects of the pathophysiology of this disease. The purpose of this study was to examine the metabolism of glycogen in the submandibular and parotid salivary glands of diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Eight weeks after the induction of diabetes, the animals were sacrificed and the submandibular and parotid salivary glands were removed. The glands were analyzed for glycogen concentration, and activities of glycogen synthase and phosphorylase. Although the diabetic rats consumed more food than controls, they had a lower body weight eight weeks after diabetes induction. Glycogen concentration in the submandibular and parotid glands increased by about 27% and 130%, respectively. Glycogen phosphorylase a in the submandibular gland of diabetic rats showed a reduction of between 75% and 68% compared with controls. In parotid glands, phosphorylase a was reduced by between 84% and 79% compared with controls. The increase in the activity of glycogen synthase a (active) varied from 64% to 130% for the submandibular glands and from 75% to 110% for the parotid compared with controls. These results suggest that the diabetic state influences glycogen metabolism in the submandibular and parotid salivary glands of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Nicolau
- Oral Biology Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Anderson LC, Garrett JR, Suleiman AH, Proctor GB, Chan KM, Hartley R. In vivo secretory responses of submandibular glands in streptozotocin-diabetic rats to sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve stimulation. Cell Tissue Res 1993; 274:559-66. [PMID: 8293448 DOI: 10.1007/bf00314554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Submandibular gland responses to sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve stimulation were studied in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Morphologically, the acinar cells in control glands were relatively uniform in size and contained electron-lucent granules. The granular ducts were distinguished by the presence of electron-dense granules. With the exception of intracellular lipid droplets and the presence of a few autophagosomes in diabetic glands, no consistent differences in acinar cell structure were observed. In contrast, the diameter of the granular ducts and the granule content of their cells were less in diabetic glands. At 3 weeks sympathetic flow rate, salivary protein concentration, and total protein output were unaffected by diabetes. Sympathetic flow rate was greater at 3 months, and the concentration of protein in the saliva was lower. In 6-month diabetic rats flow rate remained increased, but protein concentration and total protein output were reduced. The decrease in salivary protein concentration at 3 and 6 months was accompanied by a reduction in secretory granule release from acinar and granular duct cells. No consistent differences in flow rate, protein concentration, protein output, or secretory granule release were observed following parasympathetic stimulation. We conclude that the effects of diabetes on nerve-stimulated flow rate and protein release depend on the duration of diabetes and the type of stimulation, and are independent of one another.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Anderson
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195
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