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Ye Q, Zhou R, Asmi F. Evaluating the Impact of the Pandemic Crisis on the Aviation Industry. TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD 2023; 2677:1551-1566. [PMID: 37063707 PMCID: PMC10083695 DOI: 10.1177/03611981221125741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates the intellectual structure of the literature addressing "epidemic/pandemic" and "aviation industry" through a bibliometric approach to the literature from 1991 to 2021. The final count of 856 publications was collected from Web of Science and analyzed by CiteSpace (version 5.8.R1) and VOS Viewer. Visualization tools are used to perform the co-citation, co-occurrence, and thematic-based cluster analysis. The results highlight the most prominent nodes (articles, authors, journals, countries, and institutions) within the literature on "epidemic/pandemic" and "aviation industry." Furthermore, this study conceptualizes and compares the growth of literature before theCOVID-19 pandemic and during the COVID-19 ("hotspot") era. The conclusion is that the aviation industry is an engine for global economics on the road to recovery from COVID-19, in which soft (human) resources can play an integral part.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ye
- University of Science and Technology of
China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- FuYang Normal University, FuYang, Anhui,
China
| | - Rongting Zhou
- University of Science and Technology of
China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fahad Asmi
- University of Science and Technology of
China, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Klein B, Generous N, Chinazzi M, Bhadricha Z, Gunashekar R, Kori P, Li B, McCabe S, Green J, Lazer D, Marsicano CR, Scarpino SV, Vespignani A. Higher education responses to COVID-19 in the United States: Evidence for the impacts of university policy. PLOS DIGITAL HEALTH 2022; 1:e0000065. [PMID: 36812533 PMCID: PMC9931316 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
With a dataset of testing and case counts from over 1,400 institutions of higher education (IHEs) in the United States, we analyze the number of infections and deaths from SARS-CoV-2 in the counties surrounding these IHEs during the Fall 2020 semester (August to December, 2020). We find that counties with IHEs that remained primarily online experienced fewer cases and deaths during the Fall 2020 semester; whereas before and after the semester, these two groups had almost identical COVID-19 incidence. Additionally, we see fewer cases and deaths in counties with IHEs that reported conducting any on-campus testing compared to those that reported none. To perform these two comparisons, we used a matching procedure designed to create well-balanced groups of counties that are aligned as much as possible along age, race, income, population, and urban/rural categories-demographic variables that have been shown to be correlated with COVID-19 outcomes. We conclude with a case study of IHEs in Massachusetts-a state with especially high detail in our dataset-which further highlights the importance of IHE-affiliated testing for the broader community. The results in this work suggest that campus testing can itself be thought of as a mitigation policy and that allocating additional resources to IHEs to support efforts to regularly test students and staff would be beneficial to mitigating the spread of COVID-19 in a pre-vaccine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brennan Klein
- Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, United States of America
- Laboratory for the Modeling of Biological and Socio-Technical Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Generous
- Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, United States of America
- Laboratory for the Modeling of Biological and Socio-Technical Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Biosecurity and Public Health Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Matteo Chinazzi
- Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, United States of America
- Laboratory for the Modeling of Biological and Socio-Technical Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Zarana Bhadricha
- Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, United States of America
- College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rishab Gunashekar
- Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, United States of America
- College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Preeti Kori
- Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, United States of America
- College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Bodian Li
- Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, United States of America
- College of Professional Studies, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stefan McCabe
- Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, United States of America
| | - Jon Green
- Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, United States of America
- Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy, Harvard University, Massachusetts, Boston, United States of America
| | - David Lazer
- Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, United States of America
| | - Christopher R. Marsicano
- Educational Studies Department, Davidson College, Davidson, North Carolina, United States of America
- College Crisis Initiative, Davidson College, Davidson, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Samuel V. Scarpino
- Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, United States of America
- Vermont Complex Systems Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, United States of America
| | - Alessandro Vespignani
- Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, United States of America
- Laboratory for the Modeling of Biological and Socio-Technical Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Abdullah M, Dias C, Muley D, Shahin M. Exploring the impacts of COVID-19 on travel behavior and mode preferences. TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH INTERDISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVES 2020; 8:100255. [PMID: 34173481 PMCID: PMC7640923 DOI: 10.1016/j.trip.2020.100255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Various measures were recommended or imposed by the governments to control the spread of COVID-19. Travel behaviors are significantly influenced due to such measures. However, people have various travel needs ranging from grocery shopping to work. This study examines the changes that occurred in travel behavior due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected through an online questionnaire survey that included questions on trip purpose, mode choice, distance traveled, and frequency of trips before and during COVID-19. 1203 responses were collected from various countries around the world. Results explained that trip purpose, mode choice, distance traveled, and frequency of trips for the primary travel were significantly different before and during the pandemic. Further, the majority of trips were made for shopping during the pandemic. There was a significant shift from public transport to private transport and non-motorized modes. People placed a higher priority on the pandemic related concerns while choosing a mode during the pandemic as compared to the general concerns. Gender, car ownership, employment status, travel distance, the primary purpose of traveling, and pandemic-related underlying factors during COVID-19 were found to be significant predictors of mode choice during the pandemic. Outcomes of this study could be useful in transport planning and policymaking during pandemics based on the travel needs of people. In particular, government authorities could utilize such knowledge for planning smart and partial lockdowns. Service providers, e.g., taxi companies and retailers, could use such information to better plan their services and operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abdullah
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Management and Technology, Johar Town, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Charitha Dias
- Qatar Transportation and Traffic Safety Center, College of Engineering, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Deepti Muley
- Qatar Transportation and Traffic Safety Center, College of Engineering, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Md Shahin
- Department of Disaster Resilience and Engineering, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh
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Role of Transport during Outbreak of Infectious Diseases: Evidence from the Past. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12187367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of infectious diseases affects people’s lifestyles significantly, as they undertake fewer outdoor activities as a protective measure and to follow government orders of restricted movements. This paper reviewed the scientific literature related to transport and infectious diseases to gain insights into managing such circumstances. The outcomes indicate that the transport sector has a two-fold role during the outbreak of infectious diseases: controlling the spread of infection and assessing the impact of reduced outdoor activities on the transport sector. It was found that local and international travel restrictions, if applied at the initial stages, are effective in controlling the spread of infectious disease; at a later stage, behavioral changes become prominent in limiting the spread. Further, the outbreaks resulted in a significant reduction in mobility, altering traffic patterns with lower peaks and improving traffic safety. The public transport mode share reduced considerably and people preferred cars and active modes. These changes also showed positive impacts on air pollution and water pollution. Further, the air transport and tourism sector were noted to be the hardest hit and will recover slowly. The outcomes from the review will be useful for planners and administrators in managing future emergency conditions better.
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Huizer YL, Swaan CM, Leitmeyer KC, Timen A. Usefulness and applicability of infectious disease control measures in air travel: a review. Travel Med Infect Dis 2014; 13:19-30. [PMID: 25498904 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air travel has opened up opportunities for world transportation, but has also increased infectious disease transmission and public health risks. To control disease spread, airlines and governments are able to implement control measures in air travel. This study inventories experiences and applicability of infectious disease control measures. METHODS A literature search was performed in PubMed, including studies between 1990 and 2013. Search terms included air travel terms and intervention terms. Interventions were scored according outcome, required resources, preparation, passenger inconvenience and passenger compliance. RESULTS Provision of information to travelers, isolation, health monitoring, hygiene measures and vector control reportedly prevent disease spread and are well applicable. Contact tracing can be supportive in controlling disease spread but depend on disease characteristics. Exit and entry screening, quarantine and travel restrictions are unlikely to be very effective in preventing disease spread, while implementation requires extensive resources or travel implications. CONCLUSIONS Control measures should focus on providing information towards travelers, isolation, health monitoring and hygiene measures. Appropriateness of measures depends on disease characteristics, and the required resources. As most studies analyze one type of measure in a particular situation, further research comparing the effectiveness of measures is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L Huizer
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, Postbus 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - C M Swaan
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, Postbus 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - K C Leitmeyer
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Tomtebodavägen 11a, 17183 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - A Timen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, Postbus 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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Chou PF. An analysis of influenza prevention measures from air travellers' perspective. Int Nurs Rev 2014; 61:371-9. [PMID: 25059570 DOI: 10.1111/inr.12107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influenza A virus is easily transmitted through airborne saliva droplets disseminated by unprotected coughing or sneezing, particularly in a crowded, enclosed space. AIM The purpose of this study was to analyse the knowledge, attitudes and practices of air travellers regarding influenza A preventive measures and to examine any significant differences in perceptions among different types of traveller groups. METHODS This study used a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire and surveyed 1684 passengers at Taoyuan International Airport in Taiwan. The frequencies, mean score and ranking of descriptive analyses were used to evaluate respondents' demographic profiles. t-Test, one-way analysis of variance and Scheffe post hoc analyses were used to evaluate the relationship among knowledge, attitudes and practices, and respondents' characteristics. RESULTS There were significant differences in the knowledge, attitudes and practices measures among groups with different types of trip purposes and among occupation groups. Most passengers expressed common knowledge regarding influenza A; however, their attitudes and their degree of perception were not consistent with their prevention practices. LIMITATIONS This research is limited because it only examined surveyed air travellers in Taiwan. CONCLUSION Air travellers could benefit greatly if the government and airlines were to implement a health policy that includes education on the importance of influenza prevention measures, such as frequent hand washing, to citizens. Nurses could be involved in this important health promotion activity. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY Schools should implement a health education policy to communicate the importance of prevention measures. Nurses can consider how they can be involved in emphasizing the importance of prevention and health promotion regarding this. Airlines should also include basic preventive measures as a component of flight attendant training.
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Affiliation(s)
- P-F Chou
- Department of Business Administration, Far East University, Tainan City, Taiwan
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Swaan CM, Appels R, Kretzschmar MEE, van Steenbergen JE. Timeliness of contact tracing among flight passengers for influenza A/H1N1 2009. BMC Infect Dis 2011; 11:355. [PMID: 22204494 PMCID: PMC3265549 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-11-355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the initial containment phase of influenza A/H1N1 2009, close contacts of cases were traced to provide antiviral prophylaxis within 48 h after exposure and to alert them on signs of disease for early diagnosis and treatment. Passengers seated on the same row, two rows in front or behind a patient infectious for influenza, during a flight of ≥ 4 h were considered close contacts. This study evaluates the timeliness of flight-contact tracing (CT) as performed following national and international CT requests addressed to the Center of Infectious Disease Control (CIb/RIVM), and implemented by the Municipal Health Services of Schiphol Airport. METHODS Elapsed days between date of flight arrival and the date passenger lists became available (contact details identified - CI) was used as proxy for timeliness of CT. In a retrospective study, dates of flight arrival, onset of illness, laboratory diagnosis, CT request and identification of contacts details through passenger lists, following CT requests to the RIVM for flights landed at Schiphol Airport were collected and analyzed. RESULTS 24 requests for CT were identified. Three of these were declined as over 4 days had elapsed since flight arrival. In 17 out of 21 requests, contact details were obtained within 7 days after arrival (81%). The average delay between arrival and CI was 3,9 days (range 2-7), mainly caused by delay in diagnosis of the index patient after arrival (2,6 days). In four flights (19%), contacts were not identified or only after > 7 days. CI involving Dutch airlines was faster than non-Dutch airlines (P < 0,05). Passenger locator cards did not improve timeliness of CI. In only three flights contact details were identified within 2 days after arrival. CONCLUSION CT for influenza A/H1N1 2009 among flight passengers was not successful for timely provision of prophylaxis. CT had little additional value for alerting passengers for disease symptoms, as this information already was provided during and after the flight. Public health authorities should take into account patient delays in seeking medical advise and laboratory confirmation in relation to maximum time to provide postexposure prophylaxis when deciding to install contact tracing measures. International standardization of CT guidelines is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corien M Swaan
- Preparedness and Response Unit, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), A, van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
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