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Mackey SJ, Cooke RF, Pickett AT, Batista LFD, Mendes EDM, Rincker MJ, Colombo EA. Inclusion of Yucca schidigera extract into finishing diets: impacts on ruminal, physiological, and productive responses of feedlot cattle. Transl Anim Sci 2023; 7:txad071. [PMID: 37435479 PMCID: PMC10332497 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txad071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This experiment compared ruminal, physiological, and productive responses of feedlot cattle receiving Yucca schidigera extract to replace or fed in conjunction with monensin + tylosin. Angus-influenced steers (n = 120) were ranked by body weight (BW; 315 ± 3 kg) and allocated to 4 groups of 30 steers each. Groups were housed in 1 of 4 drylot pens (30 × 12 m) equipped with GrowSafe feeding systems (4 bunks/pen) during the experiment (day -14 to slaughter). On day 0, groups were randomly assigned to receive a diet containing (2 × 2 factorial): 1) no inclusion or inclusion of monensin + tylosin (360 mg and 90 mg/steer daily, respectively) and 2) no inclusion or inclusion of Y. schidigera extract (4 g/steer daily). Steers were slaughtered in 3 groups balanced by treatment combination (36 steers on day 114, 36 steers on day 142, and 48 steers on day 169). Blood was sampled on days 0, 28, 56, and 84, and the day before shipping to slaughter. On day 41, eight rumen-cannulated heifers (BW = 590 ± 15 kg) were housed with steers (1 pair/pen). Pairs rotated among groups every 21 d, resulting in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square (n = 8/treatment combination) with 14-d washout intervals. Heifers were sampled for blood and rumen fluid at the beginning and end of each 21-d period. Monensin + tylosin inclusion decreased (P < 0.01) feed intake and improved (P = 0.02) feed efficiency of steers, but did not alter (P ≥ 0.17) steer BW gain or carcass merit traits. Inclusion of Y. schidigera extract did not impact (P ≥ 0.30) steer performance and carcass characteristics. Plasma glucose, insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I, and urea-N concentrations were not affected (P ≥ 0.16) by monensin + tylosin, nor by Y. schidigera extract inclusion in steers and heifers. Ruminal pH in heifers was increased (P = 0.04) by monensin + tylosin, and also by (P = 0.03) Y. schidigera extract inclusion. Rumen fluid viscosity was reduced (P = 0.04) by Y. schidigera extract, and rumen protozoa count was increased (P < 0.01) by monensin + tylosin inclusion. The proportion of propionate in the ruminal fluid was increased (P = 0.04) by monensin + tylosin, and tended (P = 0.07) to be increased by Y. schidigera extract inclusion. Hence, Y. schidigera extract yielded similar improvements in rumen fermentation compared with monensin + tylosin, but without increasing performance and carcass quality of finishing cattle. No complimentary effects were observed when combining all these additives into the finishing diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shea J Mackey
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | | | - Autumn T Pickett
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Luis F D Batista
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Egleu D M Mendes
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | | | - Eduardo A Colombo
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
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Rett B, Cooke RF, Brandão AP, Ferreira VSM, Colombo EA, Wiegand JB, Pohler KG, Rincker MJ, Schubach KM. Supplementing Yucca schidigera extract to mitigate frothy bloat in beef cattle receiving a high-concentrate diet. J Anim Sci 2021; 98:5960113. [PMID: 33159518 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment compared incidence of frothy bloat, as well as ruminal, physiological, and performance responses of beef heifers receiving a bloat-provoking diet and supplemented with Yucca schidigera extract. Sixteen ruminally cannulated Angus-influenced heifers were ranked by body weight (BW) and assigned to 4 groups of 4 heifers each. Groups were enrolled in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design containing 4 periods of 28 d, and a 21-d washout interval between periods. Groups were assigned to receive no Y. schidigera extract (CON), or Y. schidigera extract at (as-fed basis) 1 g/heifer daily (YS1), 2 g/heifer daily (YS2), or 4 g/heifer daily (YS4). During each period, heifers (n = 16/treatment) were housed in individual pens, and fed a sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)-based bloat-provocative diet at 2% of their BW. Diet and treatments were individually fed to heifers, twice daily in equal proportions (0700 and 1600 hours). Heifers were assessed for bloat score (0 to 5 scale, increasing according to bloat severity) 3 hr after the morning feeding. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 prior to (0 hr) and at 3, 6, and 9 hr relative to the morning feeding. Rumen fluid samples were collected at the same time points on days 0 and 28. Orthogonal contrasts were tested to determine whether inclusion of Y. schidigera extract (0, 1, 2, or 4 g/heifer daily) yielded linear or quadratic effects, and explore an overall effect of Y. schidigera extract supplementation (CON vs. YS1 + YS2 + YS4). Rumen fluid viscosity was impacted quadratically by Y. schidigera extract inclusion (P = 0.02), being greatest in YS1, followed by YS2, and equivalent between CON and YS4 heifers. Heifers receiving Y. schidigera extract had greater (P ≤ 0.05) rumen propionate, iso-valerate, and valerate concentrations, as well as less (P < 0.01) acetate : propionate ratio compared with CON heifers. Inclusion of Y. schidigera extract linearly increased (P ≤ 0.04) average daily gain and feed efficiency. No other treatment effects were noted (P ≥ 0.19) including bloat score (1.07 ± 0.03 across treatments), ruminal protozoa count, plasma concentrations of cortisol, haptoglobin, urea N, total protein, and rumen concentration of total volatile fatty acids. Supplementing Y. schidigera extract up to 4 g/d favored rumen propionate concentrations and linearly increased growth and feed efficiency but failed to mitigate incidence of frothy bloat in beef heifers consuming a grain-based bloat-provocative diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Rett
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo F Cooke
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Alice P Brandão
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Vitor S M Ferreira
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Eduardo A Colombo
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Jacob B Wiegand
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Ky G Pohler
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | | | - Kelsey M Schubach
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Prairie Research Unit - Mississippi State University, Prairie, MS
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Use of 'natural' products as alternatives to antibiotic feed additives in ruminant production. Animal 2012; 1:1443-66. [PMID: 22444918 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731107000742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The banning in 2006 of the use of antibiotics as animal growth promoters in the European Union has increased demand from producers for alternative feed additives that can be used to improve animal production. This review gives an overview of the most common non-antibiotic feed additives already being used or that could potentially be used in ruminant nutrition. Probiotics, dicarboxylic acids, enzymes and plant-derived products including saponins, tannins and essential oils are presented. The known modes of action and effects of these additives on feed digestion and more especially on rumen fermentations are described. Their utility and limitations in field conditions for modern ruminant production systems and their compliance with the current legislation are also discussed.
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Nasri S, Ben Salem H, Vasta V, Abidi S, Makkar H, Priolo A. Effect of increasing levels of Quillaja saponaria on digestion, growth and meat quality of Barbarine lamb. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Comparison of nisin and monensin effects on ciliate and selected bacterial populations in artificial rumen. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2010; 54:527-32. [PMID: 20140721 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-009-0076-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2008] [Revised: 08/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The effect of daily supplementation of nisin (2 mg/L), monensin (5.88 mg/L) and nisin and monensin (2 + 5.88 mg/L) on ovine ruminal ciliates and bacteria was investigated using the artificial rumen RUSITEC. Major groups in RUSITEC were Entodinium spp. and Dasytricha ruminantium. The supplementation of nisin significantly increased the population of both major ciliate groups. The supplementation of monensin significantly decreased the population of both groups. The combined effect of nisin and monensin was similar to the effect of monensin. Monensin had strong antiprotozoic effects in contrast to the stimulatory effects of nisin. D. ruminantium followed by Entodinium spp. appeared more resistant to tested compounds than other rumen ciliates. Tested additives did not significantly influence the presence and growth of amylolytic streptococci and enterococci but nisin showed a tendency to decreasing the concentration of Escherichia coli and lactobacilli.
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PEN B, SAR C, MWENYA B, TAKAHASHI J. Effects of Quillaja saponaria extract alone or in combination with Yucca schidigera extract on ruminal fermentation and methanogenesis in vitro. Anim Sci J 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-0929.2008.00517.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Santoso B, Kilmaskossu A, Sambodo P. Effects of saponin from Biophytum petersianum Klotzsch on ruminal fermentation, microbial protein synthesis and nitrogen utilization in goats. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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