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MIYAHO N, MOCHIZUKI M, HONNAMI M. Forelimb lameness caused by malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors of the median nerve in a dog: a case report. J Vet Med Sci 2024; 86:860-865. [PMID: 38945917 PMCID: PMC11300132 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.24-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
An 8-year-old Portuguese Water Dog presented with a 5-month history of left forelimb lameness. There was palmar pain. Ultrasonography revealed enlargement of the left median nerve. Subsequent MRI also showed enlargement of the median nerve in the distal palmar to the mid-forearm region. Rapid intraoperative diagnosis suggested malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) and a neurotomy was performed. The lameness had almost disappeared in 1 month after surgery. Recurrence occurred 26 months postoperatively and the forelimb was amputated. At 950 days after the neurotomy, radiography revealed lung metastasis, and the dog died 988 days after the neurotomy. Neurotomy for MPNST should be performed with caution until more information is available regarding methods for early detection, margin determination, and indication determination for neurotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki MIYAHO
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Agricultural
and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu MOCHIZUKI
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Agricultural
and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Emergency Medicine, Graduate School
of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Muneki HONNAMI
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Agricultural
and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Cooper-Khan RS, Frankovich AN, Thompson CA, Thomovsky SA, Lewis MJ. Clinical Findings and Outcome in 30 Dogs with Presumptive or Confirmed Nerve Sheath Tumors. Vet Sci 2024; 11:192. [PMID: 38787164 PMCID: PMC11125868 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11050192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Nerve sheath tumors (NSTs) are well-recognized primary nervous system tumors, but there is relatively limited information in dogs including comparison of NSTs in different anatomical locations. This retrospective study describes the clinical features and outcomes in a group of dogs with NSTs affecting the cranial nerves or spinal nerves. Thirty dogs were included, 25 with a presumptive diagnosis and five confirmed by histopathologic analysis. Seven dogs also had cytology of tumor samples, which were supportive of the NST diagnosis in four. Eight dogs had cranial nerve-associated NSTs, with six involving the trigeminal nerve. Twenty-two dogs had spinal nerve-associated NSTs including 13 invading the spinal canal and nine peripheral to the spinal canal, with the majority affecting nerves or nerve roots of the brachial plexus. The prognosis was poor, with dogs being euthanized eventually because of disease progression. Among dogs alive 1 week after diagnosis, the median survival time was 4 months but ranged from 2 weeks to >2 years. While there was a broad overlap between NST locations, survival was generally longer for dogs without spinal canal or intracranial involvement. The results expand available information on NSTs in dogs but should be interpreted with caution given the small number of dogs with a definitive diagnosis. Further investigation is warranted to determine how tumor location, invasiveness, and treatments pursued impact outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S. Cooper-Khan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (R.S.C.-K.); (S.A.T.)
| | - Alexandra N. Frankovich
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (A.N.F.); (C.A.T.)
| | - Craig A. Thompson
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (A.N.F.); (C.A.T.)
| | - Stephanie A. Thomovsky
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (R.S.C.-K.); (S.A.T.)
| | - Melissa J. Lewis
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (R.S.C.-K.); (S.A.T.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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3
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Morabito S, Specchi S, Di Donato P, Pollard D, Dennis R, De Risio L, Bacon NJ, Potamopoulou M, Rupp S, Corlazzoli D, Ribeiro J, Cozzi F, Jurina K, Cappello R, Mercuriali E, Beckmann K, Flegel T, Menchetti M, König F, Matiasek K, Rosati M. Relationship between magnetic resonance imaging findings and histological grade in spinal peripheral nerve sheath tumors in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:2278-2290. [PMID: 37726924 PMCID: PMC10658554 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs) are a group of neoplasms originating from Schwann cells or pluripotent cell of the neural crest. Therapeutic options and prognosis are influenced by their degree of malignancy and location. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES Identify magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features predictive of PNST histologic grade. ANIMALS Forty-four dogs with histopathological diagnosis of spinal PNSTs and previous MRI investigation. METHODS A multicenter retrospective study including cases with (a) histopathologic diagnosis of PNST and (b) MRI studies available for review. Histologic slides were reviewed and graded by a board-certified pathologist according to a modified French system (FNCLCC) for grading soft tissue sarcomas. The MRI studies were reviewed by 2 board-certified radiologists blinded to the grade of the tumor and the final decision on the imaging characteristics was reached by consensus. Relationships between tumor grade and histological and MRI findings were assessed using statistical analysis. RESULTS Forty-four cases met inclusion criteria; 16 patients were PNSTs Grade 1 (low-grade), 19 were PNSTs Grade 2 (medium-grade), and 9 were PNSTs Grade 3 (high-grade). Large volume (P = .03) and severe peripheral contrast enhancement (P = .04) were significantly associated with high tumor grade. Degree of muscle atrophy, heterogeneous signal and tumor growth into the vertebral canal were not associated with grade. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Grade of malignancy was difficult to identify based on diagnostic imaging alone. However, some MRI features were predictive of high-grade PNSTs including tumor size and peripheral contrast enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Morabito
- Diagnostic Imaging DepartmentVeterinary Hospital “I Portoni Rossi” Anicura ItalyZola PredosaBolognaItaly
- Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, NewmarketSuffolkUnited Kingdom
- Antech Imaging ServicesIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Swan Specchi
- Diagnostic Imaging DepartmentVeterinary Hospital “I Portoni Rossi” Anicura ItalyZola PredosaBolognaItaly
- Antech Imaging ServicesIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Pamela Di Donato
- Diagnostic Imaging DepartmentVeterinary Hospital “I Portoni Rossi” Anicura ItalyZola PredosaBolognaItaly
- Antech Imaging ServicesIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Danica Pollard
- British Horse SocietyKenilworthWarwickshireUnited Kingdom
| | - Ruth Dennis
- Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, NewmarketSuffolkUnited Kingdom
- Dick White ReferralsSix Mile Bottom, Cambridgeshire CB8 0UHUnited Kingdom
| | - Luisa De Risio
- Linnaeus Veterinary Ltd, Friars GateShirleyUnited Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Bacon
- Fitzpatrick Referrals Oncology and Soft Tissue LtdSurreyUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Stefan Rupp
- Small Animal Hospital Hofheim, IVC EvidensiaMunichGermany
| | | | - João Ribeiro
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e TecnologiasLisbonPortugal
| | | | | | | | - Edy Mercuriali
- Centro Traumatologico Ortopedico VeterinarioArenzano, GenoaLiguriaItaly
| | - Katrin Beckmann
- Neurology Service, Department of Small Animal Surgery, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZurichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Thomas Flegel
- Department of Small Animals, Faculty for Veterinary MedicineUniversity LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Marika Menchetti
- Neurology and Neurosurgery DivisionSan Marco Veterinary ClinicVeggianoPaduaItaly
| | | | - Kaspar Matiasek
- Section of Clinical & Comparative NeuropathologyCentre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Marco Rosati
- Section of Clinical & Comparative NeuropathologyCentre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität MünchenMunichGermany
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Marsh O, Shimizu N, Mason SL, Uriarte A. Case Report: A Novel Lateral Approach to the C7, C8, and T1 Intervertebral Foramina for Resection of Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Neoplasia, Followed by Adjunctive Radiotherapy, in Three Dogs. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:869082. [PMID: 35720837 PMCID: PMC9204227 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.869082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This case report describes the diagnosis, management and outcome of three dogs with peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs) involving the brachial plexus, C7 (case 1), C8 (case 2), and C8 and T1 (case 3) spinal nerves and nerve roots with intrathoracic invasion. Surgical resection required thoracic limb amputation and removal of the first rib, facilitating a novel lateral approach to the spinal nerves and foramina in all cases. This was followed by hemilaminectomy and rhizotomy in cases 1 and 2. Adjunctive radiotherapy was then performed in all dogs. All three dogs regained a good quality of life in the short-term following surgery. Two were euthanased after 3 and 10 months, following detection of a pulmonary mass in one case and multiple thoracic and abdominal masses in the other. The third dog was alive and well at the time of writing (7 months post-surgery). This surgical approach facilitated good access and allowed gross neoplastic tissue to be resected. The ease of surgical access was dependent, to a degree, on the size of the patient. This surgical approach can be considered in cases of PNSTs involving the caudal cervical or cranial thoracic spinal nerves and nerve roots. Adjunctive radiotherapy should be considered as part of a multi-modal approach to these challenging tumors due to the difficulty of achieving clean margins, particularly proximally, even with optimal surgical access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Marsh
- Linnaeus Veterinary Limited, Neurology and Neurosurgery Service, Southfields Veterinary Specialists, Essex, United Kingdom
| | - Naomi Shimizu
- Linnaeus Veterinary Limited, Orthopaedic and Soft Tissue Surgery Service, Southfields Veterinary Specialists, Essex, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah L. Mason
- Linnaeus Veterinary Limited, Oncology Service, Southfields Veterinary Specialists, Essex, United Kingdom
| | - Ane Uriarte
- Linnaeus Veterinary Limited, Neurology and Neurosurgery Service, Southfields Veterinary Specialists, Essex, United Kingdom
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5
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Indzhova V, Pumarola i Batlle M, Gomes BJ, Gosling M, Brocal J. Maxillary osteolysis as a result of trigeminal nerve sheath tumour in a dog. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriya Indzhova
- Wear Referrals Veterinary Hospital Stockton‐on‐Tees UK
- Willows Veterinary Centre Sollihull UK
| | - Marti Pumarola i Batlle
- Unitat de Patologia Murina i Comparada Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) Barcelona Spain
| | | | - Mark Gosling
- Wear Referrals Veterinary Hospital Stockton‐on‐Tees UK
| | - Josep Brocal
- Wear Referrals Veterinary Hospital Stockton‐on‐Tees UK
- Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists Winchester UK
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6
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Mella S, Jimenez CP, De Decker S. Benign focal L5 nerve root enlargement in a dog. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Mella
- Queen Mother Hospital for Animals Royal Veterinary College Hatfield Hertfordshire UK
| | | | - Steven De Decker
- Queen Mother Hospital for Animals Royal Veterinary College Hatfield Hertfordshire UK
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7
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Anderson O, Langley‐Hobbs SJ. A peripheral nerve sheath tumour in the median nerve of a dog. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
Although lameness of the thoracic limb typically is due to orthopedic disease, there are several important neurologic conditions that result in lameness. Neurologic diseases cause lameness due to disease of the nerves, nerve roots, spinal cord, or muscles. Common differentials include lateralized intervertebral disc extrusions, caudal cervical spondylomyelopathy (wobbler disease), brachial plexus avulsion, neuritis, and peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Many of these diseases compress or destroy the nerve roots of the cervical intumescence, resulting in non-weight-bearing lameness, or root signature. Advanced diagnostics, such as magnetic resonance imaging, are necessary in these cases to determine the underlying cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon C Kerwin
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, TAMU 4474, College Station, TX 77843-4474, USA
| | - Amanda R Taylor
- MedVet Dayton, 2714 Springboro West, Moraine, OH 45439, USA; BluePearl North Hills, PA, USA.
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9
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Herzig R, Wang-Leandro A, Steffen F, Matiasek K, Beckmann KM. Imaging and histopathologic features of reversible nerve root and peripheral nerve edema secondary to disc herniation in a cat. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:1566-1572. [PMID: 33826180 PMCID: PMC8163120 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerve root enlargement with increased contrast uptake has been reported in dogs and humans secondary to nerve root compression. In cats, nerve root enlargement and contrast uptake only have been reported in association with inflammatory and neoplastic diseases, but not as a sequela to nerve root compression. An 8‐year‐old oriental short hair cat was presented with acute neurologic deficits consistent with left‐sided sciatic nerve deficit and possible L6‐S1 myelopathy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed and identified compression of the cauda equina and L7 nerve root associated with intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH) at L6‐L7 as well as widespread sciatic nerve enlargement with moderate rim enhancement. A hemilaminectomy was performed to evacuate herniated disc material. The nerve root was biopsied and submitted for histological evaluation. Interstitial nerve edema was diagnosed. Follow‐up MRI 3 months postoperatively showed complete remission of the changes. Nerve root thickening together with contrast enhancement may represent nerve edema in cats secondary to IVDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Herzig
- Neurology Department, Clinic of Small Animal Surgery, Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adriano Wang-Leandro
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Services, Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frank Steffen
- Neurology Department, Clinic of Small Animal Surgery, Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kaspar Matiasek
- Section of Clinical and Comparative Neuropathology, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katrin M Beckmann
- Neurology Department, Clinic of Small Animal Surgery, Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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10
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Marsh O, Destri A, Di Palma S, Mari L, De Risio L, Stabile F. Paraneoplastic ganglioradiculoneuritis in a cat with a plasma cell tumour. JFMS Open Rep 2021; 7:20551169211003806. [PMID: 33868702 PMCID: PMC8020407 DOI: 10.1177/20551169211003806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Case summary An 8-year-old neutered female domestic longhair cat was presented for investigation of a 48 h history of lethargy and pelvic limb ataxia. MRI of the spinal cord and vertebral column (C1 to sacrum) and brain was unremarkable. Lumbar cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed pleocytosis and increased protein concentration. Thoracic radiographs and abdominal ultrasound were unremarkable. Anti-inflammatory doses of prednisolone were administered. Clinical deterioration occurred over the following 2 days, with the development of lower motor neuron deficits in both thoracic limbs. On repetition of the MRI, bilateral enlargement, T2-weighted hyperintensity, and marked contrast enhancement of the C7, C8 and T1 nerve roots, spinal nerves and brachial plexuses were observed. Infectious disease testing was negative. An immune-mediated inflammatory process was suspected and immunosuppressive doses of prednisolone were commenced. The clinical signs improved transiently, but marked deterioration occurred after 2 weeks. The patient was euthanased and a post-mortem examination was performed. A lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate was detected in the C7, C8 and T1 nerve roots and dorsal root ganglia, and neoplastic plasma cells were identified in multiple organs. A diagnosis of non-cutaneous extramedullary plasmacytoma with multiorgan involvement and paraneoplastic ganglioradiculoneuritis was reached. Relevance and novel information Paraneoplastic ganglioradiculoneuritis in association with a plasma cell neoplasia has not been previously reported in the cat and should be considered as a differential diagnosis for cats with clinical or imaging evidence of an inflammatory process affecting the nerve roots, spinal nerves or brachial plexuses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lorenzo Mari
- Wear Referrals Veterinary Hospital, Bradbury, UK
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11
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Hespel AM, de Swarte M, Anderson K, Weiss R, Hathcock J. Features of a rare peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumour arising from the thoracic spine in a juvenile canine patient. Vet Med Sci 2021; 7:680-685. [PMID: 33620146 PMCID: PMC8136921 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumours are rare tumours in juveniles. The current patient was a paraplegic 8‐month‐old Scottish deerhound with a suspected pulmonary mass. Radiographically, there was a large extrapleural mass within the mid‐left hemithorax. On MRI, the mass was mainly hyperintense on T2‐weighted images, isointense on T1‐weighted images and was heterogeneously strongly contrast enhancing with a multilobulated appearance, spinal cord compression, paraspinal musculature invasion and intrathoracic extension. Those changes were confirmed on post‐mortem, and the mass diagnosed based on immunohistochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien-Maxence Hespel
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Marie de Swarte
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Kimberly Anderson
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Richard Weiss
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Auburn University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - John Hathcock
- Department of Radiology, Auburn University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, USA
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12
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King R. Advanced Imaging of the Forelimb: Use of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound and MRI of the Shoulder and Brachial Plexus. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2021; 51:383-399. [PMID: 33446361 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Advanced imaging (ultrasound, computed tomography, MRI) is a key component in defining and localizing the underlying cause of forelimb lameness. Given the propensity of soft tissue injury/disease of the shoulder and brachial plexus, ultrasound and MRI are of particular utility in defining tendinous, muscular, and nerve lesions. An advanced knowledge of shoulder and brachial plexus anatomy is necessary for both image acquisition and interpretation. To determine clinical significance, interpretation of both normal anatomy and suspected pathology must be correlated with clinical signs and orthopedic examination findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan King
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA.
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13
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De Strobel F, Paluš V, Vettorato E, Cherubini GB. Cervical hyperaesthesia in dogs: an epidemiological retrospective study of 185 cases. J Small Anim Pract 2019; 60:404-410. [PMID: 30868604 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the prevalence, clinical findings and predictors of disease in dogs with cervical hyperaesthesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medical records of dogs referred for neurological investigation of cervical hyperaesthesia between 2009 and 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Dogs were assigned to one of the following groups according to the final diagnosis: Non-Neurologic, Brain, Cervical Spine, Multifocal, and Chiari-like Malformation/Syringomyelia. Demographic data, clinical and neurological signs and laboratory findings were compared between groups using univariate analysis; predictors of disease location were assessed by multivariate analysis. RESULTS Final diagnostic allocations of the 185 records included in the study were as follows: 2.7% Non-Neurologic, 2.2% Brain, 63.2% Cervical Spine, 22.2% Multifocal and 9.7% Chiari Malformation/Syringomyelia. Intervertebral disc extrusion and steroid-responsive meningitis arteritis were the most common diseases. Compared to Multifocal dogs, those allocated a Cervical Spine diagnosis were older, heavier, more frequently ataxic and lame on a thoracic limb; furthermore, they were less frequently depressed or hyperthermic at presentation. Leucocytosis, neutrophilia and monocytosis were more frequent in dogs allocated a Multifocal diagnosis. Dogs with cervical hyperaesthesia older than 36 months and non-hyperthermic at presentation were more likely to have a lesion of the cervical region rather than a multi-focal disease. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Although non-specific, these results may be useful to guide clinicians in management of dogs presenting with cervical hyperaesthesia. Animal age and body temperature may support the suspicion of either focal or multi-focal cervical spinal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- F De Strobel
- North Downs Specialist referrals, Bletchingley, Redhill RH1 4QP, UK
| | - V Paluš
- Veterinary clinic ELPA, Trencin, Slovakia 91195
| | - E Vettorato
- Dick White Referrals, Six Mile Bottom, Cambridgeshire CB8 0UH, UK
| | - G B Cherubini
- Dick White Referrals, Six Mile Bottom, Cambridgeshire CB8 0UH, UK
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14
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Reimnitz L, Sanchez-Migallon Guzman D, LaDouceur E, Stevens S, Summa N, Gardhouse S, Kol A, Brust K, Hawkins MG. Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor in the Pelvic Limb of a Domestic Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). J Exot Pet Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Basa RM, Crowley AM, Johnson KA. Neurofibroma of the ulnar nerve in the carpal canal in a dog: treatment by marginal neurectomy. J Small Anim Pract 2018; 61:512-515. [PMID: 30338846 PMCID: PMC7496079 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve sheath tumours arising in the plexus or peripheral nerves can be treated by limb amputation. There are few reports of these tumours affecting peripheral nerves in the distal regions of the limbs. Here we describe a case of neurofibroma affecting the palmar branch of the ulnar nerve in an Irish setter. Surgical treatment in the region of the carpus by ulnar neurectomy resulted in resolution of chronic thoracic limb lameness. At 11 months following the surgery, clinical examination and MRI did not detect any evidence of recurrence. Neurectomy may be a feasible option for management of selected cases of distally located peripheral nerve sheath tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Basa
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - A M Crowley
- Anapath, PO Box 504, Newport, New South Wales, 2106, Australia
| | - K A Johnson
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
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16
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Lourinho F, Trevail R, Craig A, Carrera I. Presumptive malignant nerve sheath tumour affecting the cauda equina and caudal nerves of a dog. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2018-000626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew Craig
- Southern Counties Veterinary Specialists LLPRingwoodUK
| | - Ines Carrera
- Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral CentreSolihullUK
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17
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Dolera M, Malfassi L, Marcarini S, Mazza G, Carrara N, Pavesi S, Sala M, Finesso S, Urso G. High dose hypofractionated frameless volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy is a feasible method for treating canine trigeminal nerve sheath tumors. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2018; 59:624-631. [PMID: 29885013 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this prospective pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of curative intent high dose hypofractionated frameless volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy for treatment of canine trigeminal peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Client-owned dogs with a presumptive imaging-based diagnosis of trigeminal peripheral nerve sheath tumor were recruited for the study during the period of February 2010 to December 2013. Seven dogs were enrolled and treated with high dose hypofractionated volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy delivered by a 6 MV linear accelerator equipped with a micro-multileaf beam collimator. The plans were computed using a Monte Carlo algorithm with a prescription dose of 37 Gy delivered in five fractions on alternate days. Overall survival was estimated using a Kaplan-Meier curve analysis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) follow-up examinations revealed complete response in one dog, partial response in four dogs, and stable disease in two dogs. Median overall survival was 952 days with a 95% confidence interval of 543-1361 days. Volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy was demonstrated to be feasible and effective for trigeminal peripheral nerve sheath tumor treatment in this sample of dogs. The technique required few sedations and spared organs at risk. Even though larger studies are required, these preliminary results supported the use of high dose hypofractionated volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy as an alternative to other treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Dolera
- La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, Lodi, Italy
| | - Luca Malfassi
- La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, Lodi, Italy
| | - Silvia Marcarini
- La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, Lodi, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mazza
- La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, Lodi, Italy
| | - Nancy Carrara
- La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, Lodi, Italy
| | - Simone Pavesi
- La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, Lodi, Italy
| | - Massimo Sala
- La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, Lodi, Italy
| | - Sara Finesso
- La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, Lodi, Italy
| | - Gaetano Urso
- Azienda Ospedaliera della Provincia di Lodi, Lodi, Italy
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18
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Valentini A, Canal S, Mandara MT, Balducci F, Bernardini M. Intradural extramedullary granular cell tumour in a cat. J Small Anim Pract 2018; 61:259-262. [PMID: 29745421 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A 7-year-old domestic shorthair cat was evaluated for progressive paraparesis, inability to jump, a paralysed tail and inability to void the bladder. Neurologic examination was consistent with a L4-S3 localisation. Survey radiographs of the lumbar vertebral column revealed L4-L7 vertebral body remodelling. A pre-contrast T1-weighted hyperintense, diffusely enhancing intradural lesion extending from L4 to S1 vertebral bodies was detected by MRI. Large, mesenchymal, round-to-polygonal cells arranged in nests or sheets were found on histologic examination at post mortem. These cells were characterised by abundant intracytoplasmic PAS-positive, diastase-resistant granules and positive immunoexpression of vimentin, S-100, neuron-specific enolase and desmin. This is the first report of a spinal granular cell tumour in a cat.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Valentini
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - S Canal
- Neurology Unit, Portoni Rossi Veterinary Hospital, 40069 Zola Predosa, Italy
| | - M T Mandara
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - F Balducci
- Neurology Unit, Portoni Rossi Veterinary Hospital, 40069 Zola Predosa, Italy
| | - M Bernardini
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy.,Neurology Unit, Portoni Rossi Veterinary Hospital, 40069 Zola Predosa, Italy
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19
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Dolera M, Malfassi L, Carrara N, Finesso S, Marcarini S, Mazza G, Pavesi S, Sala M, Urso G. Volumetric Modulated Arc (Radio) Therapy in Pets Treatment: The "La Cittadina Fondazione" Experience. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E30. [PMID: 29364837 PMCID: PMC5836062 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10020030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) is a modern technique, widely used in human radiotherapy, which allows a high dose to be delivered to tumor volumes and low doses to the surrounding organs at risk (OAR). Veterinary clinics takes advantage of this feature due to the small target volumes and distances between the target and the OAR. Sparing the OAR permits dose escalation, and hypofractionation regimens reduce the number of treatment sessions with a simpler manageability in the veterinary field. Multimodal volumes definition is mandatory for the small volumes involved and a positioning device precisely reproducible with a setup confirmation is needed before each session for avoiding missing the target. Additionally, the elaborate treatment plan must pursue hard constraints and objectives, and its feasibility must be evaluated with a per patient quality control. The aim of this work is to report results with regard to brain meningiomas and gliomas, trigeminal nerve tumors, brachial plexus tumors, adrenal tumors with vascular invasion and rabbit thymomas, in comparison with literature to determine if VMAT is a safe and viable alternative to surgery or chemotherapy alone, or as an adjuvant therapy in pets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Dolera
- La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, 26014 Romanengo, Italy.
| | - Luca Malfassi
- La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, 26014 Romanengo, Italy.
| | - Nancy Carrara
- La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, 26014 Romanengo, Italy.
| | - Sara Finesso
- La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, 26014 Romanengo, Italy.
| | - Silvia Marcarini
- La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, 26014 Romanengo, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Mazza
- La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, 26014 Romanengo, Italy.
| | - Simone Pavesi
- La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, 26014 Romanengo, Italy.
| | - Massimo Sala
- La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, 26014 Romanengo, Italy.
| | - Gaetano Urso
- Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale della provincia di Lodi, 26841 Casalpusterlengo, Italy.
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20
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van Stee L, Boston S, Teske E, Meij B. Compartmental resection of peripheral nerve tumours with limb preservation in 16 dogs (1995-2011). Vet J 2017; 226:40-45. [PMID: 28911840 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve tumours (PNTs) affecting the limbs may lead to chronic pain, lameness and/or monoparesis that is refractory to medical treatment. The most common radical therapy for PNTs has been surgical excision with limb amputation. However, compartmental resection with preservation of the limb has been performed by the authors with favourable clinical results and therefore this bi-institutional retrospective study was undertaken to assess limb function, survival and recurrence. Sixteen dogs that had been diagnosed with PNTs between 1995 and 2011 met the inclusion criteria for this study. In the majority of the cases, good to excellent limb function was achieved. The overall median survival time (MST) was 1303days (42.8 months; range, 14 days-4639 days, [0.5-152.4 months]), with two dogs still alive at time of evaluation. Non-infiltrated margins were the best prognostic indicator; dogs with non-infiltrated margins had a MST of 2227days (P<0.001) compared to dogs with infiltrated margins (MST of 487 days). The 1-year calculated survival rate was 68.8% and the 2- and 3-year calculated survival rates were 62.5%. Surgical treatment with tumour removal and limb spare for proximal and distal PNTs can be successful. Compartmental excision can lead to good limb function, producing survival comparable to limb amputation, and should therefore be considered as an alternative to limb amputation in canine PNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L van Stee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - S Boston
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Ave., Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - E Teske
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - B Meij
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
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21
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Sievert C, Richter H, Gascho D, Kircher PR, Carrera I. 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging study of the normal canine femoral and sciatic nerves. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2017; 58:598-606. [PMID: 28444825 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the normal course and optimizing visualization of the canine peripheral nerves of the lumbar plexus, in particular the sciatic and the femoral nerves, is essential when interpreting images of patients with suspected peripheral neuropathies such as inflammatory or neoplastic conditions. The purpose of this prospective, anatomic study was to describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) anatomy of the normal canine femoral and sciatic nerves and to define the sequences in which the nerves are best depicted. A preliminary postmortem cadaver study was performed to determine optimal sequences and imaging protocol. In a second step the optimized technique was implemented on 10 healthy Beagle dogs, included in the study. The applied protocol included the following sequences: T1-weighted, T2-weighted, T2-Spectral Attenuated Inversion Recovery, T1-weighted postcontrast and T1-Spectral Presaturated Inversion Recovery postcontrast. All sequences had satisfactory signal-to-noise ratio and contrast resolution in all patients. The sciatic and femoral nerves were seen in all images. They were symmetric and of homogeneous signal intensity, being iso- to mildly hyperintense to muscle on T2-weighted, mildly hyperintense in T2-Spectral Attenuated Inversion Recovery, and iso- to mildly hypointense in T1-weighted images. No evidence of contrast enhancement in T1-weighted and T1-Spectral Presaturated Inversion Recovery postcontrast sequences was observed. The anatomic landmarks helpful to identify the course of the femoral and sciatic nerves are described in detail. This study may be used as an anatomical reference, depicting the normal canine femoral and sciatic nerves at 3 Tesla MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Sievert
- Clinic of Diagnostic Imaging, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Henning Richter
- Clinic of Diagnostic Imaging, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominic Gascho
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine and Imaging, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick R Kircher
- Clinic of Diagnostic Imaging, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Inés Carrera
- Clinic of Diagnostic Imaging, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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22
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Masciarelli AE, Griffin JF, Fosgate GT, Hecht S, Mankin JM, Holmes SP, Platt SR, Kent M, Pancotto TE, Chen AV, Levine JM. Evaluation of magnetic resonance imaging for the differentiation of inflammatory, neoplastic, and vascular intradural spinal cord diseases in the dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2017; 58:444-453. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E. Masciarelli
- Departments of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Texas A&M University; TX 77843
| | - John F. Griffin
- Departments of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Texas A&M University; TX 77843
| | - Geoffrey T. Fosgate
- The Department of Production Animal Studies; University of Pretoria; Pretoria South Africa
| | - Silke Hecht
- The Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine; Knoxville TN 37996
| | - Joseph M. Mankin
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Texas A&M University; TX 77843
| | - Shannon P. Holmes
- The Departments of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging; University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine; Athens GA 30602
| | - Simon R. Platt
- Small Animal Medicine and Surgery; University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine; Athens GA 30602
| | - Marc Kent
- Small Animal Medicine and Surgery; University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine; Athens GA 30602
| | - Theresa E. Pancotto
- The Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine; Blacksburg VA 24061
| | - Annie V. Chen
- The Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine; Washington State University; Pullman WA 99164
| | - Jonathan M. Levine
- The Department of Production Animal Studies; University of Pretoria; Pretoria South Africa
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23
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Gugel M, Taylor AR, Bailey JJ, Koehler JW. What Is Your Neurologic Diagnosis? J Am Vet Med Assoc 2017; 250:619-622. [PMID: 28263104 DOI: 10.2460/javma.250.6.619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Dolera M, Malfassi L, Bianchi C, Carrara N, Finesso S, Marcarini S, Mazza G, Pavesi S, Sala M, Urso G. Frameless stereotactic volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy of brachial plexus tumours in dogs: 10 cases. Br J Radiol 2016; 90:20160617. [PMID: 27885855 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20160617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Treatment of canine peripheral nerve sheath tumours (PNSTs) is challenging and prognosis after surgical resection is considered poor. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of stereotactic radiotherapy (RT) of these tumours. METHODS 10 dogs with clinical symptoms and MRI findings consistent with PNSTs of the brachial plexus, branches and nerve roots were treated with linear accelerator-based volumetric-modulated arc radiotherapy (VMAT) with a dose of 35 Gy/5 fractions. Clinical and MRI follow-up examinations were planned and radiotoxicity and survival times were investigated. RESULTS Tumours involved the plexus and proximal nerves in three dogs, the plexus, proximal nerves and nerve roots in five dogs and the nerve roots and proximal nerves in two dogs. Partial response and partial or complete reductions of neurological deficits were observed in all the treated dogs. Local recurrence was observed in 9/10 of treated dogs. No symptom directly referable to radiotoxicity was observed. Mean overall survival of 371 ± 30 days [95% confidence interval (CI) of (315-427)] and mean progression-free survival of 240 ± 30 days (95% CI of 188-291) from this work are comparable with surgical literature data regarding the plexus and proximal nerve localization, but are superior in comparison with nerve root localization. CONCLUSION VMAT can be a safe and viable alternative to surgery in cases of canine brachial plexus PNSTs involving the proximal nerves and nerve roots. Advances in knowledge: To our knowledge, this is the first prospective observational clinical study regarding VMAT stereotactic RT treatment for canine brachial plexus PNSTs and suggests that VMAT may achieve at least similar clinical outcome than surgery in a safer way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Dolera
- 1 La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, Romanengo, Italy
| | - Luca Malfassi
- 1 La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, Romanengo, Italy
| | - Cristina Bianchi
- 1 La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, Romanengo, Italy
| | - Nancy Carrara
- 1 La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, Romanengo, Italy
| | - Sara Finesso
- 1 La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, Romanengo, Italy
| | - Silvia Marcarini
- 1 La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, Romanengo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mazza
- 1 La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, Romanengo, Italy
| | - Simone Pavesi
- 1 La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, Romanengo, Italy
| | - Massimo Sala
- 1 La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, Romanengo, Italy
| | - Gaetano Urso
- 1 La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, Romanengo, Italy.,2 Radiotherapy Department Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale di Lodi, Lodi, Italy
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25
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Gibson AD, Davies E, Lara-Garcia A, Lafuente P. Palliative Epineurotomy for Focal Radial Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor in a Dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2016; 52:330-4. [DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
This case report describes the diagnosis of a peripheral nerve sheath tumor of the deep branch of the radial nerve distal to the elbow in a dog. The lesion was identified using computed tomography and ultrasonography and confirmed as sarcoma on histopathological analysis of incisional biopsies. Clinical signs dramatically improved following surgical biopsy before recurring three months later. Repeat epineurotomy of the deep branch of the radial nerve resulted in clinical improvement for a further month before signs once again returned. Epineurotomy as a palliative treatment for peripheral nerve sheath tumors has not been previously described, but may have a place in palliation of clinical signs in specific cases of peripheral nerve sheath tumors in which limb amputation is not an option.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emma Davies
- From the Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Lara-Garcia
- From the Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Pilar Lafuente
- From the Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
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26
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Yap F, Pratschke K. Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor of the Vagus Nerve in a Dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2016; 52:57-62. [DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A peripheral nerve sheath tumor was diagnosed in a female, neutered Labrador retriever with a 6 mo history of coughing, retching, ptyalism, and left-sided Horner's syndrome. Computed tomography scan of the neck revealed a mass lesion between the carotid artery and esophagus in the mid-cervical region. Exploratory surgery was performed and an 18 cm section of thickened vagus nerve was excised. Histopathological findings and immunochemistry staining confirmed a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. The tumor showed microscopic signs of malignancy, but there were no macroscopic signs of local extension or distant metastasis. This report documents a peripheral nerve sheath tumor of rare origin in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fui Yap
- From the Small Animal Hospital, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn Pratschke
- From the Small Animal Hospital, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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27
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Beltran E, Grundon R, Stewart J, Biggi M, Holloway A, Freeman C. IMAGING DIAGNOSIS - UNILATERAL TRIGEMINAL NEURITIS MIMICKING PERIPHERAL NERVE SHEATH TUMOR IN A HORSE. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2015; 57:E1-4. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Beltran
- Royal Veterinary College; University of London; Hawshead Lane, North Mymms Hatfield Herts AL9 7TA UK
| | | | | | - Marianna Biggi
- Royal Veterinary College; University of London; Hawshead Lane, North Mymms Hatfield Herts AL9 7TA UK
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28
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Mouradian-Darby AE, Young BD, Griffin JF, Mansell J, Levine JM. Lymphocytic ganglioneuritis secondary to intervertebral disc extrusion in a dog. J Small Anim Pract 2014; 55:471-4. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - B. D. Young
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; 4475 TAMU College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - J. F. Griffin
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; 4475 TAMU College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - J. Mansell
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; 4475 TAMU College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - J. M. Levine
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; 4475 TAMU College Station TX 77843 USA
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29
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Eminaga S, Cherubini GB, Villiers E, Targett M, Caine A. STIR muscle hyperintensity in the cervical muscles associated with inflammatory spinal cord disease of unknown origin. J Small Anim Pract 2013; 54:137-42. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Eminaga
- Dick White Referrals, Six Mile Bottom; Cambridgeshire CB8 0UH
| | - G. B. Cherubini
- Dick White Referrals, Six Mile Bottom; Cambridgeshire CB8 0UH
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science; University of Nottingham; Sutton Bonington Campus Leicestershire LE12 5RD
| | - E. Villiers
- Dick White Referrals, Six Mile Bottom; Cambridgeshire CB8 0UH
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science; University of Nottingham; Sutton Bonington Campus Leicestershire LE12 5RD
| | - M. Targett
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science; University of Nottingham; Sutton Bonington Campus Leicestershire LE12 5RD
| | - A. Caine
- Dick White Referrals, Six Mile Bottom; Cambridgeshire CB8 0UH
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science; University of Nottingham; Sutton Bonington Campus Leicestershire LE12 5RD
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30
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le Chevoir M, Thibaud JL, Labruyère J, Uriarte A, De Fornel-Thibaud P, Moissonnier P, Delisle F, Blot S. Electrophysiological features in dogs with peripheral nerve sheath tumors: 51 cases (1993–2010). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2012; 241:1194-201. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.241.9.1194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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31
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Seiler GS, Robertson ID, Mai W, Widmer WR, Suran J, Nemanic S, Lamb CR, Lang J, Johnson JL, Thrall DE. Usefulness of a half-fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin-echo pulse sequence in identifying arachnoid diverticula in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2012; 53:157-61. [PMID: 22734150 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2011.01893.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-shot turbo spin-echo sequences are heavily T2-weighted sequences that are exceptionally well suited to evaluate the subarachnoid space. In the T2-weighted fast spin-echo sequences that are used routinely in spinal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, the subarachnoid space is not well differentiated from the surrounding epidural fat, which could lead to decreased detection of lesions of the subarachnoid space such as arachnoid diverticula. Our purpose was to determine the added value of a single-shot turbo spin-echo sequence in identifying cystic lesions of the subarachnoid space in dogs. MR images of six dogs with a confirmed arachnoid diverticulum and 24 dogs with other spinal disease were included. Six observers were asked to interpret only T2-weighted images initially, and in a second session, T2-weighted and half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin-echo (HASTE) sequences. The MR images were anonymized, and no signalment, history, or clinical information was provided. Without the HASTE sequences, 25% of arachnoid diverticula were identified. Adding the HASTE sequence increased the diagnosis of arachnoid diverticulum to 52.8%. The resulting difference, after adding the HASTE sequence, of 27.8% was statistically significant (P = 0.002). No false-positive diagnoses of arachnoid diverticulum were made with either sequence. Although sensitivity in this study was likely artificially low, the significantly increased detection rate of arachnoid diverticula when using HASTE imaging indicates that this sequence is a valuable addition to MR imaging protocols for the canine spine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela S Seiler
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, 1052 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
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Davis EG, Coates JR, Johnson GC, Cook CR, Pardo ID. What is your neurologic diagnosis? Peripheral nerve sheath tumor. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2011; 239:189-91. [PMID: 21756172 DOI: 10.2460/javma.239.2.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily G Davis
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital and Department of Anatomic Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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33
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D'Anjou MA, Carmel EN, Tidwell AS. Value of fat suppression in gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance neuroimaging. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2011; 52:S85-90. [PMID: 21392161 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2010.01789.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
T1-weighted, gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging is frequently used to investigate neurologic disease in small animals; however, the abundance of hyperintense adipose tissue adjacent to neural structures, particularly the cranial nerves and spinal cord, can decrease the conspicuity of contrast-enhanced tissues on T1-weighted images. For this reason, chemical fat saturation techniques are used to suppress the signal of adipose tissues, enabling improved depiction of gadolinium-enhanced structures and detection of lesions affecting the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-André D'Anjou
- Companion Animal Research Group, Université de Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.
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36
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Mathews KA. Neuropathic pain in dogs and cats: if only they could tell us if they hurt. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2009; 38:1365-414, vii-viii. [PMID: 18954689 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2008.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is difficult to diagnose in veterinary patients because they are unable to verbalize their pain. By assuming that neuropathic pain may exist based on the history of events that each patient has experienced, a focused client history and neurologic examination may identify a lesion resulting in persistent or spontaneous pain. Once neuropathic pain is diagnosed, a trial analgesic or acupuncture session(s) should be prescribed with instructions for owners to observe behavior. Dosing of the analgesic can be titrated to the patient's needs while avoiding adverse effects. When a particular analgesic may be ineffectual, an alternate class should be tried. As research into the neurobiologic mechanisms of neuropathic pain continues, specific therapies for its management should eventually appear in the human clinical setting and subsequently be investigated for veterinary clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol A Mathews
- Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Mai W. Pseudolayering artefact on postcontrast magnetic resonance images of the bladder of 18 dogs and three cats. Vet Rec 2008; 163:117-9. [PMID: 18660521 DOI: 10.1136/vr.163.4.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
An artefact was observed on postcontrast magnetic resonance imaging (mri) of the urinary bladder of several small animals; it took the form of a dark layer in the dependent (dorsal) part of the bladder, with a thin hyperintense layer on top of it, and a hypointense signal in the rest of the non-dependent (ventral) part. The mri database was searched for animals with T1-weighted images of the urinary bladder after the injection of gadolinium. Eighteen dogs and three cats were included in the study. The artefact was observed in 16 of the animals on the postcontrast images but not on the T1-weighted and T2-weighted precontrast images. A phantom experiment showed that the signal intensity observed on T1-weighted images decreased rapidly as the concentration of gadolinium increased from 6.25 mmol/l to 25 mmol/l. It is hypothesised that the early excretion of concentrated gadolinium into the bladder causes the pseudolayering artefact observed, which has also been reported in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Mai
- Department of Clinical Studies, Section of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6101, USA
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