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Lascelles BDX, Brown DC, Conzemius MG, Gill M, Oshinsky ML, Sharkey M. The beneficial role of companion animals in translational pain research. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2022; 3:1002204. [PMID: 36133153 PMCID: PMC9483146 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2022.1002204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of spontaneous painful disease in companion pet animals has been highlighted as one of the changes that could be made to help improve translation of basic science to new therapeutics, acting as a bridge between preclinical and clinical studies, with the goal of accelerating the approval of new therapeutics. This review focuses on the utility of companion pet dogs for translational research by reviewing what outcome measures can be measured, and importantly, the relevance of these outcome measures to human translational research. It also details the practical considerations involved in incorporating companion dogs into human therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Duncan X. Lascelles
- Translational Research in Pain, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Comparative Pain Research and Education Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Thurston Arthritis Centre, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Correspondence: B. Duncan X. Lascelles
| | - Dottie C. Brown
- Global Efficacy & Model Development, Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN, United States
| | - Michael G. Conzemius
- Clinical Investigation Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Marie Gill
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Michael L. Oshinsky
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Michelle Sharkey
- Center for Veterinary Medicine Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, United States
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Ben-Amotz R, Dycus D, Levine D, Arruda AG, Fagan N, Marcellin-Little D. Stance and weight distribution after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy in fore limb and hind limb amputee dogs. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:188. [PMID: 32522203 PMCID: PMC7288689 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02402-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known about the weight distribution to the remaining limbs for amputee dogs that undergo orthopedic surgery. The objective of the paper was to describe stance and weight distribution after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) in forelimb and in hind limb amputees (AmpTPLO) and to compare them to four-legged TPLO patients (4LTPLO) and amputees without TPLO (Amp). Weight bearing distribution at a stance was compared between groups. Joint angles of forelimb and hind limb joints in a sagittal plane, hind limb orientation in a frontal plane, and pelvic orientation in a transverse plane (pelvic tilt) were measured and compared between groups. Results Joint angles, hind limb abduction, and pelvic tilt of AmpTPLO and Amp did not differ statistically. Mean weight bearing in the operated hind limb was higher for AmpTPLO than 4LTPLO. Mean weight bearing for thoracic limbs of AmpTPLO and 4LTPLO did not differ statistically. Weight bearing of the hind limb of AmpTPLO and Amp did not differ statistically. Conclusions The position of the center of mass and posture of AmpTPLO and Amp does not differ. The weight distribution and posture of Amp is not impacted negatively by TPLO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Ben-Amotz
- Small Animal Orthopedics, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Rehovot, Israel. .,The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O Box 12, 76100, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - David Dycus
- American College of Veterinary Surgeons - Small Animal, Veterinary Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Group, 10975 Guilford Rd Annapolis Junction, Philadelphia, MD, 20701, USA
| | - David Levine
- Department of Physical Therapy, The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, 615 McCallie Ave Dept #3253, Chattanooga, USA
| | - Andréia Gonçalves Arruda
- A194 Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - Nicholas Fagan
- Veterinary Surgery and Emergency Center, 1114, Philadelphia, South Front Street, 19147, USA
| | - Denis Marcellin-Little
- American College of Veterinary Surgeons, Germantown, MD, USA.,American College of Veterinary Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation (Charter), Camas, WA, USA.,Small Animal Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Davis, USA
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Nolan MW, Green NA, DiVito EM, Lascelles BDX, Haney SM. Impact of radiation dose and pre-treatment pain levels on survival in dogs undergoing radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy for presumed extremity osteosarcoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2020; 18:538-547. [PMID: 32048435 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this bi-institutional retrospective study was to determine whether survival for dogs with extremity osteosarcoma (OS) is improved through the use of stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT; a single fraction of 25 Gy, or 36 Gy total given in three consecutive daily fractions) plus chemotherapy, vs lower dose conventionally planned and delivered hypofractionated radiotherapy (CHRT; 14-20 Gy total in 1-2 consecutive daily fractions) plus chemotherapy. We also sought to determine whether baseline pain severity influences oncologic outcomes following radiotherapy for canine extremity OS. The medical records of 82 dogs undergoing radiotherapy for confirmed or presumed OS were reviewed. In dogs receiving combinations of both chemotherapy and radiotherapy, survival was significantly longer with SRT vs CHRT (median overall survival time: 350 vs 147 days; P = .031). In a univariate analysis, dogs with pulmonary metastases and high pain at the time of irradiation had short overall survival times; use of high radiation doses and chemotherapy were associated with improved survival. Separate multivariable models were built to assess the predictive nature of various factors that might influence event-free or overall survival in dogs treated with radiotherapy, with or without chemotherapy; for dogs treated with both chemotherapy and radiotherapy, overall survival times were significantly longer when baseline pain scores were 'low' (vs 'high'; hazard ratio: 0.258; P = .030), radiation doses were high (hazard ratio: 0.943; P = .034). Neither pain nor radiation dose were associated with survival in dogs treated with radiotherapy, without chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Nolan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Noah A Green
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Elizabeth M DiVito
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - B Duncan X Lascelles
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.,Translational Research in Pain Program, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.,Thurston Arthritis Center, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Siobhan M Haney
- Veterinary CyberKnife Cancer Center, Malvern, Pennsylvania.,Hope Veterinary Specialists, Malvern, Pennsylvania
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Séguin B, Pinard C, Lussier B, Williams D, Griffin L, Podell B, Mejia S, Timercan A, Petit Y, Brailovski V. Limb-sparing in dogs using patient-specific, three-dimensional-printed endoprosthesis for distal radial osteosarcoma: A pilot study. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 18:92-104. [PMID: 31209977 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Limb-sparing for distal radial osteosarcoma has a high rate of complications. Using personalized three-dimensional (3D)-printed implants might improve outcome. The goals of this study were to optimize use of patient-specific, 3D-printed endoprostheses for limb-sparing in dogs in the clinical environment and to report the outcome. This was a pilot study where five client-owned dogs were enrolled. Computed tomography (CT) of the thoracic limbs was performed, which was used to create patient-specific endoprostheses and cutting guides, and repeated on the day of surgery. Intra-arterial (IA) carboplatin was introduced in the clinical management. Limb-sparing was performed. Outcome measures were time required to produce the endoprosthesis and cutting guide, fit between cutting guide and endoprosthesis with host bones, gait analysis, size of the tumour, percent tumour necrosis, complications, disease-free interval (DFI) and survival time (ST). Four dogs received IA carboplatin. Excessive tumour growth between planning CT and surgery did not occur in any dog. The interval between the CT and surgery ranged from 14 to 70 days. Fit between the cutting-guide and endoprosthesis with the host bones was good to excellent. At least one complication occurred in all dogs. Two dogs were euthanized with STs of 192 and 531 days. The other dogs were alive with a follow up of 534 to 575 days. IA chemotherapy is a promising strategy to minimize the risk of excessive tumour growth while waiting for the endoprosthesis and cutting-guide to be made. The design of the cutting-guide was critical for best fit of the endoprosthesis with host bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Séguin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Chris Pinard
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Bertrand Lussier
- Département de Sciences Cliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Deanna Williams
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Lynn Griffin
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Brendan Podell
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Sebastian Mejia
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Anatolie Timercan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ecole de Technolgie Supérieure, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Yvan Petit
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ecole de Technolgie Supérieure, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Vladimir Brailovski
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ecole de Technolgie Supérieure, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Hoffman CL, Volstad NJ, Hans EC, Nemke BW, Muir P. Effect of contact time on variance of ground reaction forces during force platform gait analysis of a heterogeneous sample of clinically normal dogs. Am J Vet Res 2018; 79:546-554. [PMID: 29688782 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.79.5.546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop contact time (ConT) and withers height-normalized relative ConT (ConT*) for force platform gait analysis of dogs. ANIMALS 29 healthy client-owned dogs. PROCEDURES Height at the most dorsal aspect of the shoulders (withers) was measured with a framing square. Dogs were trotted across a force platform at their preferred velocity with controlled acceleration (± 0.5 m/s2). Ranges of ConT and ConT* centered on the population mean ConT were created. Variance effects on ground reaction forces (GRFs) for 4 thoracic limb and 4 pelvic limb ConT and associated ConT* ranges were examined. Efficiency of trial capture and effects of velocity ranges on GRF variance were determined. RESULTS Individual dogs had the greatest effect on GRF variance for thoracic and pelvic limbs. Narrow ConT and ConT* ranges had few significant effects on GRFs but were inefficient at capturing trials. The ConT ranges of 0.22 to 0.29 seconds and 0.19 to 0.25 seconds for thoracic and pelvic limbs, respectively, provided the most efficient rates of trial capture with the fewest significant effects on GRFs. Compared with ConT and ConT* ranges, relative velocity ranges had higher efficiency and smaller GRF variance effects. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Dogs of various morphologies have differing limb velocities. Use of ConT as a surrogate for limb velocity may improve GRF data quality. We identified ConT and ConT* ranges associated with low GRF variance. However, relative velocity ranges captured data more efficiently. Efficient capture of data may help avoid worsening of lameness during gait analysis of dogs.
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Abstract
Failure of analgesic drugs in clinical development is common. Along with the current "reproducibility crisis" in pain research, this has led some to question the use of animal models. Experimental models tend to comprise genetically homogeneous groups of young, male rodents in restricted and unvarying environments, and pain-producing assays that may not closely mimic the natural condition of interest. In addition, typical experimental outcome measures using thresholds or latencies for withdrawal may not adequately reflect clinical pain phenomena pertinent to human patients. It has been suggested that naturally occurring disease in veterinary patients may provide more valid models for the study of painful disease. Many painful conditions in animals resemble those in people. Like humans, veterinary patients are genetically diverse, often live to old age, and enjoy a complex environment, often the same as their owners. There is increasing interest in the development and validation of outcome measures for detecting pain in veterinary patients; these include objective (eg, locomotor activity monitoring, kinetic evaluation, quantitative sensory testing, and bioimaging) and subjective (eg, pain scales and quality of life scales) measures. Veterinary subject diversity, pathophysiological similarities to humans, and diverse outcome measures could yield better generalizability of findings and improved translation potential, potentially benefiting both humans and animals. The Comparative Oncology Trial Consortium in dogs has pawed the way for translational research, surmounting the challenges inherent in veterinary clinical trials. This review describes numerous conditions similarly applicable to pain research, with potential mutual benefits for human and veterinary clinicians, and their respective patients.
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The effect of limb amputation on standing weight distribution in the remaining three limbs in dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2017; 30:59-61. [DOI: 10.3415/vcot-16-05-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
SummaryDespite the fact that limb amputation is a commonly performed procedure in veterinary medicine, quantitative data regarding outcomes are lacking. The intention of this study was to evaluate the effect of limb amputation on weight distribution to the remaining three limbs at a stance in dogs. Ten dogs with a prior forelimb amputation and ten dogs with a prior hindlimb amputation; all of which had no history of orthopaedic or neural disease in the remaining three limbs were included in the study. Standing weight bearing was evaluated with a commercial stance analyzer in all dogs. Five valid trials were obtained and a mean percentage of weight bearing was calculated for each remaining limb. The dogs with a previous forelimb amputation, and also those with a previous hindlimb amputation, had the largest mean increase in weight bearing in the contra -lateral forelimb. In conclusion, proactive monitoring of orthopaedic disease in the contralateral forelimb may be advisable in dogs with a previous limb amputation. In addition, when determining candidacy for a limb amputation, disease of the contralateral forelimb should be thoroughly evaluated.Supplementary Material to this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.3415/VCOT-16-05-0075
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Krotscheck U, Nelson SA, Todhunter RJ, Stone M, Zhang Z. Long Term Functional Outcome of Tibial Tuberosity Advancement vs. Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy and Extracapsular Repair in a Heterogeneous Population of Dogs. Vet Surg 2016; 45:261-8. [PMID: 26768085 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine a long term function of tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) for treatment of ruptured cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) in dogs, and to compare this to the long term function of previously reported tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO), extracapsular reconstruction (ECR), and a population of normal dogs. STUDY DESIGN Prospective clinical trial. ANIMALS Dogs with unilateral ruptured CCL treated with TTA (n = 14), TPLO (n = 15), and ECR (n = 23), and normal adult dogs (control, n = 80). MATERIALS AND METHODS Force plate gait analysis was performed at 1 time point for the normal control group and preoperatively, and at 2 and 8 weeks and 6 and 12 months postoperatively for the treatment groups. Using serial force plates, symmetry indices (SI) were calculated between the operated and unoperated pelvic limbs for peak vertical force (PVF), contact time (CT), and vertical impulse (VI). Ground reaction forces (GRF) of the treatment and control group were compared using a general linear model. RESULTS Walk SI for dogs with TTA were not significantly different from the control group at 12 months postoperatively. At the trot, neither TTA nor ECR achieved normal GRF. SI of the TPLO group were not different from the normal control group by 6-12 months postoperatively. CONCLUSION At the walk, TTA achieves normal function by 12 months; however, at the trot TTA is indistinguishable from ECR. TPLO resulted in operated limb function that was similar to the control population by 6-12 months postoperatively at the walk and the trot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Krotscheck
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Samantha A Nelson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Rory J Todhunter
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Marisa Stone
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Zhiwu Zhang
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
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Krotscheck U, Todhunter RJ, Nelson SA, Sutter NB, Mohammed HO. Precision and Accuracy of Ground Reaction Force Normalization in a Heterogeneous Population of Dogs. Vet Surg 2014; 43:437-45. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2014.12176.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Krotscheck
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Cornell University; Ithaca New York
| | - Rory J. Todhunter
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Cornell University; Ithaca New York
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Nelson SA, Krotscheck U, Rawlinson J, Todhunter RJ, Zhang Z, Mohammed H. Long-Term Functional Outcome of Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy Versus Extracapsular Repair in a Heterogeneous Population of Dogs. Vet Surg 2012; 42:38-50. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2012.01052.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha A. Nelson
- Departments of Clinical Sciences and Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Cornell University; Ithaca; NY
| | - Ursula Krotscheck
- Departments of Clinical Sciences and Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Cornell University; Ithaca; NY
| | - Jeremy Rawlinson
- Departments of Clinical Sciences and Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Cornell University; Ithaca; NY
| | - Rory J. Todhunter
- Departments of Clinical Sciences and Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Cornell University; Ithaca; NY
| | - Zhiwu Zhang
- Institute for Genomic Diversity; Cornell University; Ithaca; NY
| | - Hussni Mohammed
- Departments of Clinical Sciences and Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Cornell University; Ithaca; NY
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Oosterlinck M, Bosmans T, Gasthuys F, Polis I, Van Ryssen B, Dewulf J, Pille F. Accuracy of pressure plate kinetic asymmetry indices and their correlation with visual gait assessment scores in lame and nonlame dogs. Am J Vet Res 2011; 72:820-5. [PMID: 21627529 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.72.6.820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the accuracy of pressure plate kinetic asymmetry indices (ASIs) for diagnosis of unilateral hind limb lameness in dogs and their correlation with visual gait assessment (VGA) scores. ANIMALS 9 healthy dogs and 16 dogs with previously diagnosed unilateral rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament and concurrent unilateral hind limb lameness. PROCEDURES Dogs were walked over a pressure plate to determine paw contact area (PCA), peak vertical pressure (PVP), peak vertical force (PVF), and vertical impulse (VI) of both hind limbs. An ASI was calculated for each gait variable. Simultaneously, gait was assessed visually and scored by use of a numeric rating scale (0 to 10). The ASI of each variable was tested for its usefulness in discrimination between lame and nonlame dogs and for correlation with VGA scores. RESULTS Sensitivity and specificity of ASIs to discriminate between lame and nonlame dogs were excellent for PVF, VI, and PCA; these values were substantially lower for ASI of PVP. Cutoff values to discriminate between lame and nonlame dogs were determined by use of ASIs for PVF, VI, and PCA; however, this could not be done for ASI of PVP. Correlations between ASIs of PVF, VI, and PCA and VGA scores were higher than correlation between the ASIs of PVP and VGA scores. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that ASIs of PVF and VI determined via analysis of pressure plate measurements were reliable indicators of clinical lameness in dogs, but the ASI of PVP was not. The ASI of PCA is an interesting new variable for assessment of limb loading symmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Oosterlinck
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesiology of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
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