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Mao B, Yang J, Zhao X, Jia X, Shi X, Zhao L, Banerjee S, Zhang L, Ma X. Identification and functional characterization of a novel heterozygous splice‑site mutation in the calpain 3 gene causes rare autosomal dominant limb‑girdle muscular dystrophy. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:97. [PMID: 38356676 PMCID: PMC10865457 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Limb-girdle muscular dystrophies are a group of extremely heterogenous neuromuscular disorders that manifest with gradual and progressive weakness of both proximal and distal muscles. Autosomal dominant limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMDD4) or calpainopathy is a very rare form of myopathy characterized by weakness and atrophy of both proximal and distal muscles with a variable age of onset. LGMDD4 is caused by germline heterozygous mutations of the calpain 3 (CAPN3) gene. Patients with LGMDD4 often show extreme phenotypic heterogeneity; however, most patients present with gait difficulties, increased levels of serum creatine kinase, myalgia and back pain. In the present study, a 16-year-old male patient, clinically diagnosed with LGMDD4, was investigated. The proband had been suffering from weakness and atrophy of both of their proximal and distal muscles, and had difficulty walking and standing independently. The serum creatine kinase levels (4,754 IU/l; normal, 35-232 IU/l) of the patient were markedly elevated. The younger sister and mother of the proband were also clinically diagnosed with LGMDD4, while the father was phenotypically normal. Whole exome sequencing identified a heterozygous novel splice-site (c.2440-1G>A) mutation in intron 23 of the CAPN3 gene in the proband. Sanger sequencing confirmed that this mutation was also present in both the younger sister and mother of the proband, but the father was not a carrier of this mutation. This splice-site (c.2440-1G>A) mutation causes aberrant splicing of CAPN3 mRNA, leading to the skipping of the last exon (exon 24) of CAPN3 mRNA and resulting in the removal of eight amino acids from the C-terminal of domain IV of the CAPN3 protein. Hence, this splice site mutation causes the formation of a truncated CAPN3 protein (p.Trp814*) of 813 amino acids instead of the wild-type CAPN3 protein that consists of 821 amino acids. This mutation causes partial loss of domain IV (PEF domain) in the CAPN3 protein, which is involved in calcium binding and homodimerization; therefore, this is a loss-of-function mutation. Relative expression of the mutated CAPN3 mRNA was reduced in comparison with the wild-type CAPN3 mRNA in the proband, and their younger sister and mother. This mutation was also not present in 100 normal healthy control individuals of the same ethnicity. The present study reported the first case of CAPN3 gene-associated LGMDD4 in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Mao
- The Reproductive Medicine Centre, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- The Reproductive Medicine Centre, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- The Reproductive Medicine Centre, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Xueling Jia
- The Reproductive Medicine Centre, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Xin Shi
- The Reproductive Medicine Centre, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Lihui Zhao
- The Reproductive Medicine Centre, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Santasree Banerjee
- Department of Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Lili Zhang
- The Reproductive Medicine Centre, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Ma
- The Reproductive Medicine Centre, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
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2
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Sun J, Ye S, Yin G, Xie Q. The diagnostic value of urinary N-terminal fragment of titin for skeletal muscle damage in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023; 62:3742-3748. [PMID: 36919777 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES N-terminal fragment of titin (N-titin) is a marker of sarcomere damage in striated muscles; however, its value in patients with IIM (idiopathic inflammatory myopathy) is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of N-titin for skeletal muscle damage in patients with IIM. METHODS Urine samples from 62 patients with IIM, 59 patients with other CTD diseases, and 29 healthy controls were collected to detect N-titin by ELISA assays. Clinical features and laboratory data were all included in logistic regression analysis to obtain the independent predictive factor for skeletal muscle damage. RESULTS Urinary N-titin level of the IIM group [168.3 (19.0, 1279.0) pmol/mg cr] was significantly higher than that in CTD controls [2.80 (1.53, 3.60)] and healthy controls [1.83 (1.09, 2.95)] (P < 0.001). IIM patients with skeletal muscle injury had a significantly higher level of urinary N-titin [1001.0, (181.8, 1977.0)] than those without [9.3, (5.8, 23.9)] (P < 0.001). The N-titin level was strongly correlated with CK (r = 0.907, P < 0.001) and muscle disease activity assessment scores by Spearman correlation analysis. After adjusting for the anti-MDA5 antibody and cardiac troponin T, N-titin was shown to independently predict skeletal muscle damage in patients with IIM (odds ratio = 1.035, 95% CI: 1.002, 1.069, P = 0.039). The cut-off value of urinary N-titin to diagnose skeletal muscle damage was 89.9 pmol/mg Cr, with a sensitivity of 87.8% and a specificity of 100% (AUC = 0.971, 95% CI: 0.938, 1.000, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Urinary N-titin is a non-invasive and independent predictive factor for determining skeletal muscle damage in patients with IIM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Sheng Ye
- Department of Rheumatology, The First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, West China Airport Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Geng Yin
- Department of General Practice, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qibing Xie
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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3
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Bouchard C, Tremblay JP. Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophies Classification and Therapies. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4769. [PMID: 37510884 PMCID: PMC10381329 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12144769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Limb-girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMDs) are caused by mutations in multiple genes. This review article presents 39 genes associated with LGMDs. Some forms are inherited in a dominant fashion, while for others this occurs recessively. The classification of LGMDs has evolved through time. Lately, to be considered an LGMD, the mutation has to cause a predominant proximal muscle weakness and must be found in two or more unrelated families. This article also presents therapies for LGMDs, examining both available treatments and those in development. For now, only symptomatic treatments are available for patients. The goal is now to solve the problem at the root of LGMDs instead of treating each symptom individually. In the last decade, multiple other potential treatments were developed and studied, such as stem-cell transplantation, exon skipping, gene delivery, RNAi, and gene editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Bouchard
- Departement de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec, Quebec, QC G1E 6W2, Canada
| | - Jacques P Tremblay
- Departement de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec, Quebec, QC G1E 6W2, Canada
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4
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Mianesaz H, Ghalamkari S, Salehi M, Behnam M, Hosseinzadeh M, Basiri K, Ghasemi M, Sedghi M, Ansari B. Causative variants linked with limb girdle muscular dystrophy in an Iranian population: 6 novel variants. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2022; 11:e2101. [PMID: 36374152 PMCID: PMC9938754 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) is a non-syndromic muscular dystrophy caused by variations in the genes involved in muscle structure, function and repair. The heterogeneity in the severity, progression, age of onset, and causative genes makes next-generation sequencing (NGS) a necessary approach for the proper diagnosis of LGMD. METHODS In this article, 26 Iranian patients with LGMD criteria were diagnosed with disease variants in the genes encoding calpain3, dysferlin, sarcoglycans and Laminin α-2. Patients were referred to the hospital with variable distribution of muscle wasting and progressive weakness in the body. The symptoms along with biochemical and EMG tests were suggestive of LGMD; thus the genomic DNA of patients were investigated by whole-exome sequencing including flanking intronic regions. The target genes were explored for the disease-causing variants. Moreover, the consequence of the amino acid alterations on proteins' secondary structure and function was investigated for a better understanding of the pathogenicity of variants. Variants were sorted based on the genomic region, type and clinical significance. RESULTS In a comprehensive investigation of previous clinical records, 6 variations were determined as novel, including c.1354-2 A > T and c.3169_3172dupCGGC in DYSF, c.568 G > T in SGCD, c.7243 C > T, c.8662_8663 insT and c. 4397G > C in LAMA2. Some of the detected variants were located in functional domains and/or near to the post-translational modification sites, altering or removing highly conserved regions of amino acid sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Mianesaz
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical SchoolUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary,Department of Genetics and Molecular BiologyIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Safoura Ghalamkari
- Department of Genetics and Molecular BiologyIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran,Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
| | - Mansoor Salehi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular BiologyIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran,Cellular, Molecular and Genetics Research CenterIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Mahdiyeh Behnam
- Cellular, Molecular and Genetics Research CenterIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran,Student Research CommitteeSemnan University of Medical ScienceSemnanIran
| | - Majid Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Genetics and Molecular BiologyIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran,Medical Genetics Laboratory, Alzahra University HospitalIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Keivan Basiri
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular‐Cellular Sciences InstituteTehran University of Medical ScienceTehranIran,Department of NeurologyIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Majid Ghasemi
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular‐Cellular Sciences InstituteTehran University of Medical ScienceTehranIran,Department of NeurologyIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Maryam Sedghi
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Alzahra University HospitalIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran,Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular‐Cellular Sciences InstituteTehran University of Medical ScienceTehranIran
| | - Behnaz Ansari
- Department of NeurologyIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran,Isfahan Neuroscience Research Center, ALzahra Research InstituteIsfahan University of Medical ScienceIsfahanIran
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5
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Paleo BJ, McElhanon KE, Bulgart HR, Banford KK, Beck EX, Sattler KM, Goines BN, Ratcliff SL, Crowe KE, Weisleder N. Reduced Sarcolemmal Membrane Repair Exacerbates Striated Muscle Pathology in a Mouse Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Cells 2022; 11:1417. [PMID: 35563723 PMCID: PMC9100510 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a common X-linked degenerative muscle disorder that involves mutations in the DMD gene that frequently reduce the expression of the dystrophin protein, compromising the structural integrity of the sarcolemmal membrane and leaving it vulnerable to injury during cycles of muscle contraction and relaxation. This results in an increased frequency of sarcolemma disruptions that can compromise the barrier function of the membrane and lead to death of the myocyte. Sarcolemmal membrane repair processes can potentially compensate for increased membrane disruptions in DMD myocytes. Previous studies demonstrated that TRIM72, a muscle-enriched tripartite motif (TRIM) family protein also known as mitsugumin 53 (MG53), is a component of the cell membrane repair machinery in striated muscle. To test the importance of membrane repair in striated muscle in compensating for the membrane fragility in DMD, we crossed TRIM72/MG53 knockout mice into the mdx mouse model of DMD. These double knockout (DKO) mice showed compromised sarcolemmal membrane integrity compared to mdx mice, as measured by immunoglobulin G staining and ex vivo muscle laser microscopy wounding assays. We also found a significant decrease in muscle ex vivo contractile function as compared to mdx mice at both 6 weeks and 1.5 years of age. As the DKO mice aged, they developed more extensive fibrosis in skeletal muscles compared to mdx. Our findings indicate that TRIM72/MG53-mediated membrane repair can partially compensate for the sarcolemmal fragility associated with DMD and that the loss of membrane repair results in increased pathology in the DKO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Paleo
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (B.J.P.); (K.E.M.); (H.R.B.); (K.K.B.); (E.X.B.)
| | - Kevin E. McElhanon
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (B.J.P.); (K.E.M.); (H.R.B.); (K.K.B.); (E.X.B.)
| | - Hannah R. Bulgart
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (B.J.P.); (K.E.M.); (H.R.B.); (K.K.B.); (E.X.B.)
| | - Kassidy K. Banford
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (B.J.P.); (K.E.M.); (H.R.B.); (K.K.B.); (E.X.B.)
| | - Eric X Beck
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (B.J.P.); (K.E.M.); (H.R.B.); (K.K.B.); (E.X.B.)
| | - Kristina M. Sattler
- Department of Biology, School of Behavioral & Natural Sciences, Mount St. Joseph University, Cincinnati, OH 45233, USA; (K.M.S.); (B.N.G.); (S.L.R.); (K.E.C.)
| | - Briana N. Goines
- Department of Biology, School of Behavioral & Natural Sciences, Mount St. Joseph University, Cincinnati, OH 45233, USA; (K.M.S.); (B.N.G.); (S.L.R.); (K.E.C.)
| | - Shelby L. Ratcliff
- Department of Biology, School of Behavioral & Natural Sciences, Mount St. Joseph University, Cincinnati, OH 45233, USA; (K.M.S.); (B.N.G.); (S.L.R.); (K.E.C.)
| | - Kelly E. Crowe
- Department of Biology, School of Behavioral & Natural Sciences, Mount St. Joseph University, Cincinnati, OH 45233, USA; (K.M.S.); (B.N.G.); (S.L.R.); (K.E.C.)
| | - Noah Weisleder
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (B.J.P.); (K.E.M.); (H.R.B.); (K.K.B.); (E.X.B.)
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6
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Ganassi M, Muntoni F, Zammit PS. Defining and identifying satellite cell-opathies within muscular dystrophies and myopathies. Exp Cell Res 2022; 411:112906. [PMID: 34740639 PMCID: PMC8784828 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies and congenital myopathies arise from specific genetic mutations causing skeletal muscle weakness that reduces quality of life. Muscle health relies on resident muscle stem cells called satellite cells, which enable life-course muscle growth, maintenance, repair and regeneration. Such tuned plasticity gradually diminishes in muscle diseases, suggesting compromised satellite cell function. A central issue however, is whether the pathogenic mutation perturbs satellite cell function directly and/or indirectly via an increasingly hostile microenvironment as disease progresses. Here, we explore the effects on satellite cell function of pathogenic mutations in genes (myopathogenes) that associate with muscle disorders, to evaluate clinical and muscle pathological hallmarks that define dysfunctional satellite cells. We deploy transcriptomic analysis and comparison between muscular dystrophies and myopathies to determine the contribution of satellite cell dysfunction using literature, expression dynamics of myopathogenes and their response to the satellite cell regulator PAX7. Our multimodal approach extends current pathological classifications to define Satellite Cell-opathies: muscle disorders in which satellite cell dysfunction contributes to pathology. Primary Satellite Cell-opathies are conditions where mutations in a myopathogene directly affect satellite cell function, such as in Progressive Congenital Myopathy with Scoliosis (MYOSCO) and Carey-Fineman-Ziter Syndrome (CFZS). Primary satellite cell-opathies are generally characterised as being congenital with general hypotonia, and specific involvement of respiratory, trunk and facial muscles, although serum CK levels are usually within the normal range. Secondary Satellite Cell-opathies have mutations in myopathogenes that affect both satellite cells and muscle fibres. Such classification aids diagnosis and predicting probable disease course, as well as informing on treatment and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Ganassi
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| | - Peter S Zammit
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
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7
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Qiuju H, Jianlong Z, Qi W, Zhifa L, Ding W, Xiaofang S, Yingjun X. Epilepsy Combined With Multiple Gene Heterozygous Mutation. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:763642. [PMID: 35299674 PMCID: PMC8921529 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.763642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The fast pace of gene discovery has resulted in groundbreaking advances in the field of epilepsy genetics. Clinical testing using comprehensive gene panels, exomes, or genomes is now increasingly available and has significantly increased the diagnostic yield for early-onset epilepsies and enabled precision medicine approaches. In this paper, we report a case of epilepsy in a pedigree. The proband had heterozygous mutations in KCNC1 (NM_001112741.1:c.959G>A, p. Arg320His), CAPN3 (NM_000070.2:c.526G>A, p. Val176Met), and NEFH (NM_021076.3:c. 2595 delC, p. Lys866Argfs*51). Sanger sequencing verification was consistent with the results of whole-exome sequencing. The KCNC1 mutation was a de novo mutation, and the CAPN3 and NEFH mutations were inherited from their father and mother, respectively. Based on the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines, a heterozygous mutation was found for APOB (NM_000384.2: c.10579C > T, p. Arg3527Trp). The heterozygous mutation at this site was inherent in the pedigree. Coexpression analysis indicated that heterozygous mutations of KCNC1, CAPN3, NEFH, and APOB were closely related to the clinical phenotypes of the patient, and the clinical phenotypic heterogeneity of the disease may be the result of the interaction of multiple genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Qiuju
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuang Jianlong
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Wen Qi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhifa
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wang Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sun Xiaofang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xie Yingjun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Chen L, Tang F, Gao H, Zhang X, Li X, Xiao D. CAPN3: A muscle‑specific calpain with an important role in the pathogenesis of diseases (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 48:203. [PMID: 34549305 PMCID: PMC8480384 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.5036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Calpains are a family of Ca2+‑dependent cysteine proteases that participate in various cellular processes. Calpain 3 (CAPN3) is a classical calpain with unique N‑terminus and insertion sequence 1 and 2 domains that confer characteristics such as rapid autolysis, Ca2+‑independent activation and Na+ activation of the protease. CAPN3 is the only muscle‑specific calpain that has important roles in the promotion of calcium release from skeletal muscle fibers, calcium uptake of sarcoplasmic reticulum, muscle formation and muscle remodeling. Studies have indicated that recessive mutations in CAPN3 cause limb‑girdle muscular dystrophy (MD) type 2A and other types of MD; eosinophilic myositis, melanoma and epilepsy are also closely related to CAPN3. In the present review, the characteristics of CAPN3, its biological functions and roles in the pathogenesis of a number of disorders are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Fajuan Tang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Hu Gao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xihong Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Dongqiong Xiao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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9
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Diagnostic muscle biopsies in the era of genetics: the added value of myopathology in a selection of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy patients. Acta Neurol Belg 2021; 121:1019-1033. [PMID: 33400223 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-020-01559-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In the second most common dystrophy associated with predominant pelvic and shoulder girdle muscle weakness termed Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy (LGMD), genetic complexity, large phenotypic variability, and clinical overlap can result in extensive diagnostic delays in certain individuals. In view of the large strides genetics has taken in this day and age, we address the question if muscle biopsies can still provide diagnostic evidence of substance for these patients. We reviewed and reanalyzed muscle biopsy characteristics in a cohort of LGMD patient pairs in which gene variants were picked up in CAPN3, FKRP, TTN, and ANO5, using histochemical-immunohistochemical-and immunofluorescent staining, and western blotting. We found that not the nature and severity of inflammatory changes, but the changed properties of the dystrophin complex were the most valuable assets to differentiate LGMD from myositis. Proteomic evaluation brought both primary and secondary deficiencies to light, which could be equally revealing for diagnosis. Though a muscle biopsy might, at present, not always be strictly necessary anymore, it still represents an irrefutable asset when the genetic diagnosis is complicated.
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10
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Zhang C, Zheng X, Lu D, Xu L, Che F, Liu S. Compound heterozygous CAPN3 variants identified in a family with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy recessive 1. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:480. [PMID: 33899113 PMCID: PMC8097764 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy recessive 1 (LGMDR1), a rare subtype of muscular dystrophy, is characterized by progressive muscle weakness and degeneration with a predominant presentation on the shoulder, pelvic and proximal limb muscles. Variants in calcium-activated neutral proteinase 3 (CAPN3), which encodes an enzyme, calpain 3, are considered the major cause of LGMDR1. The present study was conducted to identify the variants responsible for clinical symptoms in a Chinese patient with limb-girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMDs) and explore its genotype-phenotype associations. A series of clinical examinations were conducted, including blood tests and magnetic resonance imaging scans of the lower legs, electromyography and muscle biopsy on the proband diagnosed with muscular dystrophies. Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of a three-person family with LGMDs and pathogenic variants detected by whole-exome sequencing (WES) were verified by Sanger sequencing. The WES of this patient revealed compound heterozygous variants in CAPN3, c.2120A>G/p.(Asp707Gly) in exon 20 and c.2201_2202delAT/p.(Tyr734*) in exon 21, which were inherited from his parents and absent from 200 control individuals of similar ethnic origin, indicating that these variants are the pathogenic triggers of the LGMDR1 phenotype. Notably, these CAPN3 sequence variants were related to LGMDR1 pathogenesis in this three-person family. The newly discovered c.2201_2202delAT/p.(Tyr734*) expands the current CAPN3 variant spectrum, improving the understanding of the conditions required to develop molecular diagnostic tools and for genetic counseling, particularly for families with a history of autosomal recessive LGMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Medical Genetic Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Xueping Zheng
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Deguo Lu
- Department of Neurology, The Eleventh Clinical Medical College of Qingdao University, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
| | - Lulu Xu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Fengyuan Che
- Department of Neurology, The Eleventh Clinical Medical College of Qingdao University, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
| | - Shiguo Liu
- Medical Genetic Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
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11
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Spinozzi S, Albini S, Best H, Richard I. Calpains for dummies: What you need to know about the calpain family. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2021; 1869:140616. [PMID: 33545367 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2021.140616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This review was written in memory of our late friend, Dr. Hiroyuki Sorimachi, who, following the steps of his mentor Koichi Suzuki, a pioneer in calpain research, has made tremendous contributions to the field. During his career, Hiro also wrote several reviews on calpain, the last of which, published in 2016, was comprehensive. In this manuscript, we decided to put together a review with the basic information a novice may need to know about calpains. We also tried to avoid similarities with previous reviews and reported the most significant new findings, at the same time highlighting Hiro's contributions to the field. The review will cover a short history of calpain discovery, the presentation of the family, the life of calpain from transcription to activity, human diseases caused by calpain mutations and therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Spinozzi
- Genethon, 1 bis, Rue de l'Internationale - 91000 Evry, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Evry, Inserm, Genethon, Integrare Research Unit UMR_S951, 91000, Evry, France
| | - Sonia Albini
- Genethon, 1 bis, Rue de l'Internationale - 91000 Evry, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Evry, Inserm, Genethon, Integrare Research Unit UMR_S951, 91000, Evry, France
| | - Heather Best
- Genethon, 1 bis, Rue de l'Internationale - 91000 Evry, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Evry, Inserm, Genethon, Integrare Research Unit UMR_S951, 91000, Evry, France
| | - Isabelle Richard
- Genethon, 1 bis, Rue de l'Internationale - 91000 Evry, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Evry, Inserm, Genethon, Integrare Research Unit UMR_S951, 91000, Evry, France.
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12
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Nian H, Ma B. Calpain-calpastatin system and cancer progression. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:961-975. [PMID: 33470511 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The calpain system is required by many important physiological processes, including the cell cycle, cytoskeleton remodelling, cellular proliferation, migration, cancer cell invasion, metastasis, survival, autophagy, apoptosis and signalling, as well as the pathogenesis of a wide range of disorders, in which it may function to promote tumorigenesis. Calpains are intracellular conserved calcium-activated neutral cysteine proteinases that are involved in mediating cancer progression via catalysing and regulating the proteolysis of their specific substrates, which are important signalling molecules during cancer progression. μ-calpain, m-calpain, and their specific inhibitor calpastatin are the three molecules originally identified as comprising the calpain system and they contain several crucial domains, specific motifs, and functional sites. A large amount of data supports the roles of the calpain-calpastatin system in cancer progression via regulation of cellular adhesion, proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and cellular survival and death, as well as inflammation and angiogenesis during tumorigenesis, implying that the inhibition of calpain activity may be a potential anti-cancer intervention strategy targeting cancer cell survival, invasion and chemotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Nian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Binyun Ma
- Department of Medicine/Hematology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, U.S.A
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13
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Malfatti E, Richard I. [Calpainopathies: state of the art and therapeutic perspectives]. Med Sci (Paris) 2021; 36 Hors série n° 2:17-21. [PMID: 33427631 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2020244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Calpainopathies are inherited limb-girdle muscular dystrophies, most often following an autosomal recessive (AR) transmission. Autosomal dominant (AD) forms with less severe presentation are increasingly reported. Calpainopathies with autosomal recessive (AR) mutations of the calpain3 gene (CAPN3) are associated with limb girdle muscular dystrophy type R1 (LGMD-R1, OMIM 253600) also referred to as LGMD-2A according to the old nomenclature. LGMD-R1 is the commonest form of all LGMDs, with an estimated prevalence of 10 to 70 cases per million inhabitants, that is a cohort of between 670 and 4,200 patients in France theoritically. Patients present a symmetrical proximal axial myopathy manifesting itself between the first and second decade. The clinical course is variable. The level of Creatine- Kinase (CK) is usually high and there is no cardiac involvement. From a therapeutic perspective, the autosomal recessive form of calpainopathy is quite suitable to gene replacement strategies; the viability of recombinant AAV-mediated calpain 3 transfer has been demonstrated in animal models and clinical trials are expected in the coming years. Meanwhile, natural history studies are needed to prepare for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Malfatti
- Centre Expert de Pathologie Neuromusculaire, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France et Centre de Référence de Pathologie Neuromusculaire Nord/Est/Île-de-France
| | - Isabelle Richard
- Généthon, 91000, Évry, France. - Université Paris-Saclay, Université Évry, Inserm, Généthon, Unité de Recherche Integrare, UMR_S951, 91000, Évry, France
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14
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Hettige P, Tahir U, Nishikawa KC, Gage MJ. Comparative analysis of the transcriptomes of EDL, psoas, and soleus muscles from mice. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:808. [PMID: 33213377 PMCID: PMC7678079 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07225-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individual skeletal muscles have evolved to perform specific tasks based on their molecular composition. In general, muscle fibers are characterized as either fast-twitch or slow-twitch based on their myosin heavy chain isoform profiles. This approach made sense in the early days of muscle studies when SDS-PAGE was the primary tool for mapping fiber type. However, Next Generation Sequencing tools permit analysis of the entire muscle transcriptome in a single sample, which allows for more precise characterization of differences among fiber types, including distinguishing between different isoforms of specific proteins. We demonstrate the power of this approach by comparing the differential gene expression patterns of extensor digitorum longus (EDL), psoas, and soleus from mice using high throughput RNA sequencing. RESULTS EDL and psoas are typically classified as fast-twitch muscles based on their myosin expression pattern, while soleus is considered a slow-twitch muscle. The majority of the transcriptomic variability aligns with the fast-twitch and slow-twitch characterization. However, psoas and EDL exhibit unique expression patterns associated with the genes coding for extracellular matrix, myofibril, transcription, translation, striated muscle adaptation, mitochondrion distribution, and metabolism. Furthermore, significant expression differences between psoas and EDL were observed in genes coding for myosin light chain, troponin, tropomyosin isoforms, and several genes encoding the constituents of the Z-disk. CONCLUSIONS The observations highlight the intricate molecular nature of skeletal muscles and demonstrate the importance of utilizing transcriptomic information as a tool for skeletal muscle characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pabodha Hettige
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA.,UMass Movement Center, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
| | - Uzma Tahir
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Kiisa C Nishikawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Matthew J Gage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA. .,UMass Movement Center, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA.
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15
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Lostal W, Roudaut C, Faivre M, Charton K, Suel L, Bourg N, Best H, Smith JE, Gohlke J, Corre G, Li X, Elbeck Z, Knöll R, Deschamps JY, Granzier H, Richard I. Titin splicing regulates cardiotoxicity associated with calpain 3 gene therapy for limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/520/eaat6072. [PMID: 31776291 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aat6072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A (LGMD2A or LGMDR1) is a neuromuscular disorder caused by mutations in the calpain 3 gene (CAPN3). Previous experiments using adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector-mediated calpain 3 gene transfer in mice indicated cardiac toxicity associated with the ectopic expression of the calpain 3 transgene. Here, we performed a preliminary dose study in a severe double-knockout mouse model deficient in calpain 3 and dysferlin. We evaluated safety and biodistribution of AAV9-desmin-hCAPN3 vector administration to nonhuman primates (NHPs) with a dose of 3 × 1013 viral genomes/kg. Vector administration did not lead to observable adverse effects or to detectable toxicity in NHP. Of note, the transgene expression did not produce any abnormal changes in cardiac morphology or function of injected animals while reaching therapeutic expression in skeletal muscle. Additional investigation on the underlying causes of cardiac toxicity observed after gene transfer in mice and the role of titin in this phenomenon suggest species-specific titin splicing. Mice have a reduced capacity for buffering calpain 3 activity compared to NHPs and humans. Our studies highlight a complex interplay between calpain 3 and titin binding sites and demonstrate an effective and safe profile for systemic calpain 3 vector delivery in NHP, providing critical support for the clinical potential of calpain 3 gene therapy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Lostal
- Généthon INSERM, U951, INTEGRARE Research Unit, Evry F-91002, France
| | - Carinne Roudaut
- Généthon INSERM, U951, INTEGRARE Research Unit, Evry F-91002, France
| | - Marine Faivre
- Généthon INSERM, U951, INTEGRARE Research Unit, Evry F-91002, France
| | - Karine Charton
- Généthon INSERM, U951, INTEGRARE Research Unit, Evry F-91002, France
| | - Laurence Suel
- Généthon INSERM, U951, INTEGRARE Research Unit, Evry F-91002, France
| | - Nathalie Bourg
- Généthon INSERM, U951, INTEGRARE Research Unit, Evry F-91002, France
| | - Heather Best
- Généthon INSERM, U951, INTEGRARE Research Unit, Evry F-91002, France
| | | | | | - Guillaume Corre
- Généthon INSERM, U951, INTEGRARE Research Unit, Evry F-91002, France
| | - Xidan Li
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Zaher Elbeck
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Ralph Knöll
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden.,AstraZeneca, R&D, Innovative Medicines & Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Diseases (CVRM), Pepparedsleden 1, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Jack-Yves Deschamps
- Emergency and Critical Care Unit, ONIRIS, School of Veterinary Medicine, La Chantrerie, 44307 Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | | | - Isabelle Richard
- Généthon INSERM, U951, INTEGRARE Research Unit, Evry F-91002, France.
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16
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Dionnet E, Defour A, Da Silva N, Salvi A, Lévy N, Krahn M, Bartoli M, Puppo F, Gorokhova S. Splicing impact of deep exonic missense variants in CAPN3 explored systematically by minigene functional assay. Hum Mutat 2020; 41:1797-1810. [PMID: 32668095 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Improving the accuracy of variant interpretation during diagnostic sequencing is a major goal for genomic medicine. To explore an often-overlooked splicing effect of missense variants, we developed the functional assay ("minigene") for the majority of exons of CAPN3, the gene responsible for limb girdle muscular dystrophy. By systematically screening 21 missense variants distributed along the gene, we found that eight clinically relevant missense variants located at a certain distance from the exon-intron borders (deep exonic missense variants) disrupted normal splicing of CAPN3 exons. Several recent machine learning-based computational tools failed to predict splicing impact for the majority of these deep exonic missense variants, highlighting the importance of including variants of this type in the training sets during the future algorithm development. Overall, 24 variants in CAPN3 gene were explored, leading to the change in the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics classification of seven of them when results of the "minigene" functional assay were considered. Our findings reveal previously unknown splicing impact of several clinically important variants in CAPN3 and draw attention to the existence of deep exonic variants with a disruptive effect on gene splicing that could be overlooked by the current approaches in clinical genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugénie Dionnet
- Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, Marseille Medical Genetics, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - Aurélia Defour
- Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, Marseille Medical Genetics, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - Nathalie Da Silva
- Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, Marseille Medical Genetics, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - Alexandra Salvi
- Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, Marseille Medical Genetics, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Lévy
- Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, Marseille Medical Genetics, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, Marseille, France.,Service de génétique Médicale, Hôpital de la Timone, APHM, Marseille, France.,GIPTIS (Genetics Institute for Patients, Therapies Innovation and Science), Marseille, France
| | - Martin Krahn
- Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, Marseille Medical Genetics, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, Marseille, France.,Service de génétique Médicale, Hôpital de la Timone, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Bartoli
- Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, Marseille Medical Genetics, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - Francesca Puppo
- Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, Marseille Medical Genetics, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - Svetlana Gorokhova
- Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, Marseille Medical Genetics, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, Marseille, France.,Service de génétique Médicale, Hôpital de la Timone, APHM, Marseille, France
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17
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Cerino M, Campana-Salort E, Salvi A, Cintas P, Renard D, Juntas Morales R, Tard C, Leturcq F, Stojkovic T, Bonello-Palot N, Gorokhova S, Mortreux J, Maues De Paula A, Lévy N, Pouget J, Cossée M, Bartoli M, Krahn M, Attarian S. Novel CAPN3 variant associated with an autosomal dominant calpainopathy. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2020; 46:564-578. [PMID: 32342993 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The most common autosomal recessive limb girdle muscular dystrophy is associated with the CAPN3 gene. The exclusively recessive inheritance of this disorder has been recently challenged by the description of the recurrent variants, c.643_663del21 [p.(Ser215_Gly221del)] and c.598_612del15 [p.(Phe200_Leu204del)], associated with autosomal dominant inheritance. Our objective was to confirm the existence of autosomal dominant calpainopathies. METHODS Through our activity as one of the reference centres for genetic diagnosis of calpainopathies in France and the resulting collaborations through the French National Network for Rare Neuromuscular Diseases (FILNEMUS), we identified four families harbouring the same CAPN3 heterozygous variant with supposedly autosomal dominant inheritance. RESULTS We identified a novel dominantly inherited CAPN3 variant, c.1333G>A [p.(Gly445Arg)] in 14 affected patients from four unrelated families. The complementary phenotypic, functional and genetic findings correlate with an autosomal dominant inheritance in these families, emphasizing the existence of this novel transmission mode for calpainopathies. The mild phenotype associated with these autosomal dominant cases widens the phenotypic spectrum of calpainopathies and should therefore be considered in clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS We confirm the existence of autosomal dominant calpainopathies as an entity beyond the cases related to the in-frame deletions c.643_663del21 and c.598_612del15, with the identification of a novel dominantly inherited and well-documented CAPN3 missense variant, c.1333G>A [p.(Gly445Arg)]. In addition to the consequences for genetic counselling, the confirmation of an autosomal dominant transmission mode for calpainopathies underlines the importance of re-assessing other myopathies for which the inheritance is considered as strictly autosomal recessive.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cerino
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, U1251-MMG, Marseille Medical Genetics, Marseille, France.,APHM, Hôpital Timone Enfants, Département de Génétique Médicale, Marseille, France.,APHM, Laboratoire de Biochimie, Hôpital de la Conception, Marseille, France
| | - E Campana-Salort
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, U1251-MMG, Marseille Medical Genetics, Marseille, France.,APHM, centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires et de la SLA, CHU La Timone, Marseille, France
| | - A Salvi
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, U1251-MMG, Marseille Medical Genetics, Marseille, France
| | - P Cintas
- Centre de référence de pathologie neuromusculaires, Hôpital Purpan, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - D Renard
- Service de Neurologie, CHU de Nîmes, Univ. Montpellier, Nîmes, France
| | - R Juntas Morales
- Laboratoire de Génétique de Maladies Rares, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Service de Neurologie, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - C Tard
- U1172, Service de Neurologie, CHU de Lille, Lille, France.,Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France, Paris, France
| | - F Leturcq
- APHP, Laboratoire de génétique et biologie moléculaires, HUPC Cochin, Paris, France
| | - T Stojkovic
- APHP, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - N Bonello-Palot
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, U1251-MMG, Marseille Medical Genetics, Marseille, France.,APHM, Hôpital Timone Enfants, Département de Génétique Médicale, Marseille, France
| | - S Gorokhova
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, U1251-MMG, Marseille Medical Genetics, Marseille, France.,APHM, Hôpital Timone Enfants, Département de Génétique Médicale, Marseille, France
| | - J Mortreux
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, U1251-MMG, Marseille Medical Genetics, Marseille, France.,APHM, Hôpital Timone Enfants, Département de Génétique Médicale, Marseille, France
| | - A Maues De Paula
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, U1251-MMG, Marseille Medical Genetics, Marseille, France.,APHM, Service d'anatomie pathologique et de neuropathologie, CHU La Timone, Marseille, France
| | - N Lévy
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, U1251-MMG, Marseille Medical Genetics, Marseille, France.,APHM, Hôpital Timone Enfants, Département de Génétique Médicale, Marseille, France
| | - J Pouget
- APHM, centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires et de la SLA, CHU La Timone, Marseille, France
| | - M Cossée
- Laboratoire de Génétique de Maladies Rares, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Laboratoire de Génétique moléculaire, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - M Bartoli
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, U1251-MMG, Marseille Medical Genetics, Marseille, France
| | - M Krahn
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, U1251-MMG, Marseille Medical Genetics, Marseille, France.,APHM, Hôpital Timone Enfants, Département de Génétique Médicale, Marseille, France
| | - S Attarian
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, U1251-MMG, Marseille Medical Genetics, Marseille, France.,APHM, centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires et de la SLA, CHU La Timone, Marseille, France
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18
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Hwang SD, Choi KM, Hwang JY, Kwon MG, Jeong JM, Seo JS, Jee BY, Park CI. Molecular genetic characterisation and expression profiling of calpain 3 transcripts in red sea bream (Pagrus major). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 98:19-24. [PMID: 31899359 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Calpains (CAPNs) belong to the papain superfamily of cysteine proteases, and they are calcium-dependent cytoplasmic cysteine proteases that regulate a variety of physiological processes. We obtained the sequence of CAPN3 from an NGS-based analysis of Pagrus major (PmCAPN3) and confirmed the conserved molecular biological properties in the predicted amino acid sequence. The amino acid sequence and predicted domains of CAPN3 were found to be highly conserved in all of the examined species, and one catalytic domain and four calcium binding sites were identified. In healthy P. major, the PmCAPN3 mRNA was most abundantly expressed in the muscle and skin, and ubiquitously expressed in the other tissues used in the experiment. After artificial infections with fish pathogens, significant changes in its expression levels were found in immune-related tissues, most of showed upregulation. In particular, the highest level of expression was found in the liver, a tissue associated with protease activity. Taken together, these results suggest a physiological activity for PmCAPN3 in P. major and reveal functional possibilities that have not yet been reported in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Don Hwang
- Aquatic Animal Disease Control Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), 216 Gijanghaean-ro, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Min Choi
- Institute of Marine Industry, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 455, Tongyeong, 650-160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Youn Hwang
- Aquatic Animal Disease Control Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), 216 Gijanghaean-ro, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun-Gyeong Kwon
- Aquatic Animal Disease Control Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), 216 Gijanghaean-ro, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Min Jeong
- Aquatic Animal Disease Control Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), 216 Gijanghaean-ro, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Soo Seo
- Aquatic Animal Disease Control Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), 216 Gijanghaean-ro, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Yeong Jee
- Aquatic Animal Disease Control Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), 216 Gijanghaean-ro, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Il Park
- Institute of Marine Industry, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 455, Tongyeong, 650-160, Republic of Korea.
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19
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The in silico characterization of neutral alpha-glucosidase C (GANC) and its evolution from GANAB. Gene X 2020; 726:144192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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20
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Whitmore C, Pratt EPS, Anderson L, Bradley K, Latour SM, Hashmi MN, Urazaev AK, Weilbaecher R, Davie JK, Wang WH, Hockerman GH, Pond AL. The ERG1a potassium channel increases basal intracellular calcium concentration and calpain activity in skeletal muscle cells. Skelet Muscle 2020; 10:1. [PMID: 31948476 PMCID: PMC6966811 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-019-0220-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Skeletal muscle atrophy is the net loss of muscle mass that results from an imbalance in protein synthesis and protein degradation. It occurs in response to several stimuli including disease, injury, starvation, and normal aging. Currently, there is no truly effective pharmacological therapy for atrophy; therefore, exploration of the mechanisms contributing to atrophy is essential because it will eventually lead to discovery of an effective therapeutic target. The ether-a-go-go related gene (ERG1A) K+ channel has been shown to contribute to atrophy by upregulating ubiquitin proteasome proteolysis in cachectic and unweighted mice and has also been implicated in calcium modulation in cancer cells. Methods We transduced C2C12 myotubes with either a human ERG1A encoded adenovirus or an appropriate control virus. We used fura-2 calcium indicator to measure intracellular calcium concentration and Calpain-Glo assay kits (ProMega) to measure calpain activity. Quantitative PCR was used to monitor gene expression and immunoblot evaluated protein abundances in cell lysates. Data were analyzed using either a Student’s t test or two-way ANOVAs and SAS software as indicated. Results Expression of human ERG1A in C2C12 myotubes increased basal intracellular calcium concentration 51.7% (p < 0.0001; n = 177). Further, it increased the combined activity of the calcium-activated cysteine proteases, calpain 1 and 2, by 31.9% (p < 0.08; n = 24); these are known to contribute to degradation of myofilaments. The increased calcium levels are likely a contributor to the increased calpain activity; however, the change in calpain activity may also be attributable to increased calpain protein abundance and/or a decrease in levels of the native calpain inhibitor, calpastatin. To explore the enhanced calpain activity further, we evaluated expression of calpain and calpastatin genes and observed no significant differences. There was no change in calpain 1 protein abundance; however, calpain 2 protein abundance decreased 40.7% (p < 0.05; n = 6). These changes do not contribute to an increase in calpain activity; however, we detected a 31.7% decrease (p < 0.05; n = 6) in calpastatin which could contribute to enhanced calpain activity. Conclusions Human ERG1A expression increases both intracellular calcium concentration and combined calpain 1 and 2 activity. The increased calpain activity is likely a result of the increased calcium levels and decreased calpastatin abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton Whitmore
- Anatomy Department, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, 62902, USA
| | - Evan P S Pratt
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
| | - Luke Anderson
- Anatomy Department, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, 62902, USA
| | - Kevin Bradley
- Anatomy Department, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, 62902, USA
| | - Sawyer M Latour
- Doisey College of Health Sciences, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, 63103, USA
| | - Mariam N Hashmi
- Anatomy Department, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, 62902, USA
| | - Albert K Urazaev
- School of Liberal Arts, Sciences and Education, Ivy Tech State college, Lafayette, IN, 47905, USA
| | - Rod Weilbaecher
- Biochemistry Department, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, 62902, USA
| | - Judith K Davie
- Biochemistry Department, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, 62902, USA
| | - Wen-Horng Wang
- Gene Editing Core Facility, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
| | - Gregory H Hockerman
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
| | - Amber L Pond
- Anatomy Department, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, 62902, USA. .,Southern Illinois University, 1135 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, IL, 62902, USA.
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21
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Rekik S, Sakka S, Ben Romdhan S, Farhat N, Baba Amer Y, Lehkim L, Authier FJ, Mhiri C. Novel Missense CAPN3 Mutation Responsible for Adult-Onset Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy with Calves Hypertrophy. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 69:563-569. [PMID: 31410652 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01383-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
CAPN3 gene encodes for calpain-3; this protein is a calcium-dependent intracellular protease. Deficiency of this enzyme leads to weakness of the proximal limb muscles and pelvic and shoulder girdles, the so-called limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A (LGMD2A). Here, we reported the case of a Tunisian patient with LGMD2A associated with a novel missense mutation (c.T1681C/p.Y561H). A 61-year-old man, with consanguineous parents, was referred for gait difficulties and slowly progressive proximal weakness of the four limbs associated with moderate hypertrophy of the calves but his facial muscles were unaffected. Electromyography showed that the profile was myopathic pattern and creatine kinase (CK) level was high. Muscle biopsy processing included routine histological, immunohistochemical, and Western Blot reactions, using a panel of antibodies directed against dystrophin, dysferlin, calpain-3, sarcoglycan α, β, γ, and δ. For mutation analysis, we designed an NGS-based screening. Immunological analyses demonstrated a total deficiency in calpain-3 and δ-sarcoglycan, and a reduced expression of dysferlin. The genetic study yielded a homozygous missense mutation (c.T1681C) of the 13th exon of the CAPN3 gene. The mutation found in our patient (c.T1681C/p.Y561H) has not been previously reported. It is responsible for complete calpain-3 and δ-sarcoglycan deficiency and reduced dysferlin expression. The genetic study is mandatory in such cases with multiple-protein deficiency and ambiguous results of immune-histology and Western Blot studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrine Rekik
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Parkinson's Disease and Cerebrovascular Disease (LR-12-SP-19), University Hospital Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisia. .,Clinical Investigation Center (CIC), CHU Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Salma Sakka
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Parkinson's Disease and Cerebrovascular Disease (LR-12-SP-19), University Hospital Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sawssan Ben Romdhan
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Parkinson's Disease and Cerebrovascular Disease (LR-12-SP-19), University Hospital Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisia.,Clinical Investigation Center (CIC), CHU Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nouha Farhat
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Parkinson's Disease and Cerebrovascular Disease (LR-12-SP-19), University Hospital Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Yasmine Baba Amer
- U955-IMRB, Team 10, Biology of the Neuromuscular System, Inserm, UPEC, Créteil, France
| | - Leila Lehkim
- Anatomopathology Laboratory, CHU Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | - Chokri Mhiri
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Parkinson's Disease and Cerebrovascular Disease (LR-12-SP-19), University Hospital Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisia.,Clinical Investigation Center (CIC), CHU Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisia
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22
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Chen Z, Maimaiti R, Zhu C, Cai H, Stern A, Mozdziak P, Ge Y, Ford SP, Nathanielsz PW, Guo W. Z-band and M-band titin splicing and regulation by RNA binding motif 20 in striated muscles. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:9986-9996. [PMID: 30133019 PMCID: PMC6218289 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Titin (TTN) has multifunctional roles in sarcomere assembly, mechanosignaling transduction, and muscle stiffness. TTN splicing generates variable protein sizes with different functions. Therefore, understanding TTN splicing is important to develop a novel treatment for TTN-based diseases. The I-band TTN splicing regulated by RNA binding motif 20 (RBM20) has been extensively studied. However, the Z- and M-band splicing and regulation remain poorly understood. Herein, we aimed to define the Z- and M-band splicing in striated muscles and determined whether RBM20 regulates the Z- and M-band splicing. We discovered four new Z-band TTN splicing variants, and one of them dominates in mouse, rat, sheep, and human hearts. But only one form can be detected in frog and chicken hearts. In skeletal muscles, three new Z repeats (Zr) were detected, and Zr4 to 6 exclusion dominates in the fast muscles, whereas Zr4 skipping dominates in the slow muscle. No developmental changes were detected in the Z-band. In the M-band, two new variants were discovered with alternative 3' splice site in exon363 (Mex5) and alternative 5' splice site in intron 362. However, only the sheep heart expresses two new variants rather than other species. Skeletal muscles express three M-band variants with altered ratios of Mex5 inclusion to Mex5 exclusion. Finally, we revealed that RBM20 does not regulate the Z- and M-band splicing in the heart, but does in skeletal muscles. Taken together, we characterized the Z- and M-band splicing and provided the first evidence of the role of RBM20 in the Z- and M-band TTN splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilong Chen
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, China
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming
| | - Rexiati Maimaiti
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming
| | - Chaoqun Zhu
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming
| | - Hanfang Cai
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, China
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming
| | - Allysa Stern
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Paul Mozdziak
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Ying Ge
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Human Proteomics Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Chemistry, Human Proteomics Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Stephen P Ford
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming
| | | | - Wei Guo
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming
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Lostal W, Urtizberea JA, Richard I. 233rd ENMC International Workshop:: Clinical Trial Readiness for Calpainopathies, Naarden, The Netherlands, 15-17 September 2017. Neuromuscul Disord 2018; 28:540-549. [PMID: 29655529 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William Lostal
- INTEGRARE, Genethon, Inserm, University of Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, 91002, France
| | | | - Isabelle Richard
- INTEGRARE, Genethon, Inserm, University of Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, 91002, France.
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24
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Charton K, Suel L, Henriques SF, Moussu JP, Bovolenta M, Taillepierre M, Becker C, Lipson K, Richard I. Exploiting the CRISPR/Cas9 system to study alternative splicing in vivo: application to titin. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 25:4518-4532. [PMID: 28173117 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The giant protein titin is the third most abundant protein in striated muscle. Mutations in its gene are responsible for diseases affecting the cardiac and/or the skeletal muscle. Titin has been reported to be expressed in multiple isoforms with considerable variability in the I-band, ensuring the modulation of the passive mechanical properties of the sarcomere. In the M-line, only the penultimate Mex5 exon coding for the specific is7 domain has been reported to be subjected to alternative splicing. Using the CRISPR-Cas9 editing technology, we generated a mouse model where we stably prevent the expression of alternative spliced variant(s) carrying the corresponding domain. Interestingly, the suppression of the domain induces a phenotype mostly in tissues usually expressing the isoform that has been suppressed, indicating that it fulfills (a) specific function(s) in these tissues allowing a perfect adaptation of the M-line to physiological demands of different muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Charton
- INSERM, U951, INTEGRARE research unit Evry, France,Généthon, Evry, France
| | - Laurence Suel
- INSERM, U951, INTEGRARE research unit Evry, France,Généthon, Evry, France
| | - Sara F Henriques
- INSERM, U951, INTEGRARE research unit Evry, France,Généthon, Evry, France,University of Evry-Val-D’Essone, Evry, France
| | - Jean-Paul Moussu
- SEAT - SErvice des Animaux Transgéniques CNRS -TAAM -phenomin UPS44 Bâtiment G 7, rue Guy Môquet 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Matteo Bovolenta
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Miguel Taillepierre
- SEAT - SErvice des Animaux Transgéniques CNRS -TAAM -phenomin UPS44 Bâtiment G 7, rue Guy Môquet 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Céline Becker
- SEAT - SErvice des Animaux Transgéniques CNRS -TAAM -phenomin UPS44 Bâtiment G 7, rue Guy Môquet 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Karelia Lipson
- SEAT - SErvice des Animaux Transgéniques CNRS -TAAM -phenomin UPS44 Bâtiment G 7, rue Guy Môquet 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Isabelle Richard
- INSERM, U951, INTEGRARE research unit Evry, France,Généthon, Evry, France
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25
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Unger A, Beckendorf L, Böhme P, Kley R, von Frieling-Salewsky M, Lochmüller H, Schröder R, Fürst DO, Vorgerd M, Linke WA. Translocation of molecular chaperones to the titin springs is common in skeletal myopathy patients and affects sarcomere function. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2017; 5:72. [PMID: 28915917 PMCID: PMC5603016 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-017-0474-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myopathies encompass a wide variety of acquired and hereditary disorders. The pathomechanisms include structural and functional changes affecting, e.g., myofiber metabolism and contractile properties. In this study, we observed increased passive tension (PT) of skinned myofibers from patients with myofibrillar myopathy (MFM) caused by FLNC mutations (MFM-filaminopathy) and limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type-2A due to CAPN3 mutations (LGMD2A), compared to healthy control myofibers. Because the giant protein titin determines myofiber PT, we measured its molecular size and the titin-to-myosin ratio, but found no differences between myopathies and controls. All-titin phosphorylation and site-specific phosphorylation in the PEVK region were reduced in myopathy, which would be predicted to lower PT. Electron microscopy revealed extensive ultrastructural changes in myofibers of various hereditary myopathies and also suggested massive binding of proteins to the sarcomeric I-band region, presumably heat shock proteins (HSPs), which can translocate to elastic titin under stress conditions. Correlative immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy showed that two small HSPs (HSP27 and αB-crystallin) and the ATP-dependent chaperone HSP90 translocated to the titin springs in myopathy. The small HSPs, but not HSP90, were upregulated in myopathic versus control muscles. The titin-binding pattern of chaperones was regularly observed in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), LGMD2A, MFM-filaminopathy, MFM-myotilinopathy, titinopathy, and inclusion body myopathy due to mutations in valosin-containing protein, but not in acquired sporadic inclusion body myositis. The three HSPs also associated with elastic titin in mouse models of DMD and MFM-filaminopathy. Mechanical measurements on skinned human myofibers incubated with exogenous small HSPs suggested that the elevated PT seen in myopathy is caused, in part, by chaperone-binding to the titin springs. Whereas this interaction may be protective in that it prevents sarcomeric protein aggregation, it also has detrimental effects on sarcomere function. Thus, we identified a novel pathological phenomenon common to many hereditary muscle disorders, which involves sarcomeric alterations.
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26
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Integrative variants, haplotypes and diplotypes of the CAPN3 and FRMD5 genes and several environmental exposures associate with serum lipid variables. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45119. [PMID: 28332615 PMCID: PMC5378954 DOI: 10.1038/srep45119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine whether the integrative variants, haplotypes and diplotypes of the calpain 3 (CAPN3) and the FERM domain containing 5 genes (FRMD5) and several environmental exposures are associated with an implication in lipid homeostasis, which are associated with cardiovascular risk. Genotyping of the CAPN3 rs4344713 and FRMD5 rs524908 was performed by Sanger sequencing in 1,640 subjects (Jing, 819 and Han, 821). Multivariate analyses of covariance models that adjusted by age, gender, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure and lifestyle (smoking and drinking), were constructed using variants, haplotypes and diplotypes of the CAPN3 rs4344713 and FRMD5 rs524908 as predictors and changes in lipid variables. Significant associations with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein (Apo) B were found. Linkage disequilibrium with each other showed the haplotype-phenotype associations with triglyceride and ApoA1. This study also suggested pleiotropic associations of the CAPN3-FRMD5 diplotypes with lipid variables. As potential confounders, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and BMI were significantly associated with lipid variables. We conclude that integrative variants, haplotypes and diplotypes of the CAPN3 rs4344713 and FRMD5 rs524908, as well as DBP and BMI are associated with serum lipid variables in the Jing and Han populations.
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27
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Amici DR, Pinal-Fernandez I, Mázala DAG, Lloyd TE, Corse AM, Christopher-Stine L, Mammen AL, Chin ER. Calcium dysregulation, functional calpainopathy, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in sporadic inclusion body myositis. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2017; 5:24. [PMID: 28330496 PMCID: PMC5363023 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-017-0427-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporadic inclusion body myositis (IBM) is the most common primary myopathy in the elderly, but its pathoetiology is still unclear. Perturbed myocellular calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis can exacerbate many of the factors proposed to mediate muscle degeneration in IBM, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, protein aggregation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Ca2+ dysregulation may plausibly be initiated in IBM by immune-mediated membrane damage and/or abnormally accumulating proteins, but no studies to date have investigated Ca2+ regulation in IBM patients. We first investigated protein expression via immunoblot in muscle biopsies from IBM, dermatomyositis, and non-myositis control patients, identifying several differentially expressed Ca2+-regulatory proteins in IBM. Next, we investigated the Ca2+-signaling transcriptome by RNA-seq, finding 54 of 183 (29.5%) genes from an unbiased list differentially expressed in IBM vs. controls. Using an established statistical approach to relate genes with causal transcription networks, Ca2+ abundance was considered a significant upstream regulator of observed whole-transcriptome changes. Post-hoc analyses of Ca2+-regulatory mRNA and protein data indicated a lower protein to transcript ratio in IBM vs. controls, which we hypothesized may relate to increased Ca2+-dependent proteolysis and decreased protein translation. Supporting this hypothesis, we observed robust (4-fold) elevation in the autolytic activation of a Ca2+-activated protease, calpain-1, as well as increased signaling for translational attenuation (eIF2α phosphorylation) downstream of the unfolded protein response. Finally, in IBM samples we observed mRNA and protein under-expression of calpain-3, the skeletal muscle-specific calpain, which broadly supports proper Ca2+ homeostasis. Together, these data provide novel insight into mechanisms by which intracellular Ca2+ regulation is perturbed in IBM and offer evidence of pathological downstream effects.
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28
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Novel Homozygous Missense Mutation in CAPN3 Gene Detected in a Saudi Arabian Family With Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy Type 2A. J Clin Neuromuscul Dis 2016; 18:89-91. [PMID: 27861222 DOI: 10.1097/cnd.0000000000000129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
More than 300 mutations were identified in Calpainopathy (CAPN3) gene in limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A (LGMD2A) patients. LGMD2A type is also known as Calpainopathy, which is characterized by selective atrophy and weakness of proximal limb muscles. We report a Saudi Arabian family with weakness in limb-girdle distribution: waddling gait, positive Gowers' sign, and marked muscle atrophy in the shoulder and pelvic girdle muscles. We sequenced all exonic and intronic regions of the CAPN3 gene and identified c.1699 G>A variant as a novel variant not previously described in other patients. In silico predictions indicate that this is probably a disease-causing mutation. Here, for the first time, we report this c.1699 G>A new variant in the CAPN3 gene that can be considered as a robust genetics factor causing LGMD2A disease.
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29
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Blazek AD, Paleo BJ, Weisleder N. Plasma Membrane Repair: A Central Process for Maintaining Cellular Homeostasis. Physiology (Bethesda) 2016; 30:438-48. [PMID: 26525343 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00019.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma membrane repair is a conserved cellular response mediating active resealing of membrane disruptions to maintain homeostasis and prevent cell death and progression of multiple diseases. Cell membrane repair repurposes mechanisms from various cellular functions, including vesicle trafficking, exocytosis, and endocytosis, to mend the broken membrane. Recent studies increased our understanding of membrane repair by establishing the molecular machinery contributing to membrane resealing. Here, we review some of the key proteins linked to cell membrane repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa D Blazek
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Brian J Paleo
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Noah Weisleder
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
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30
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Expression and localization of calpain 3 in the submandibular gland of mice. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 70:9-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Pinch M, Güth R, Samanta MP, Chaidez A, Unguez GA. The myogenic electric organ of Sternopygus macrurus: a non-contractile tissue with a skeletal muscle transcriptome. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1828. [PMID: 27114860 PMCID: PMC4841239 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In most electric fish species, the electric organ (EO) derives from striated muscle cells that suppress many muscle properties. In the gymnotiform Sternopygus macrurus, mature electrocytes, the current-producing cells of the EO, do not contain sarcomeres, yet they continue to make some cytoskeletal and sarcomeric proteins and the muscle transcription factors (MTFs) that induce their expression. In order to more comprehensively examine the transcriptional regulation of genes associated with the formation and maintenance of the contractile sarcomere complex, results from expression analysis using qRT-PCR were informed by deep RNA sequencing of transcriptomes and miRNA compositions of muscle and EO tissues from adult S. macrurus. Our data show that: (1) components associated with the homeostasis of the sarcomere and sarcomere-sarcolemma linkage were transcribed in EO at levels similar to those in muscle; (2) MTF families associated with activation of the skeletal muscle program were not differentially expressed between these tissues; and (3) a set of microRNAs that are implicated in regulation of the muscle phenotype are enriched in EO. These data support the development of a unique and highly specialized non-contractile electrogenic cell that emerges from a striated phenotype and further differentiates with little modification in its transcript composition. This comprehensive analysis of parallel mRNA and miRNA profiles is not only a foundation for functional studies aimed at identifying mechanisms underlying the transcription-independent myogenic program in S. macrurus EO, but also has important implications to many vertebrate cell types that independently activate or suppress specific features of the skeletal muscle program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Pinch
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - Robert Güth
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | | | - Alexander Chaidez
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - Graciela A. Unguez
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
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32
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Fadaee M, Kariminejad A, Fattahi Z, Nafissi S, Godarzi HR, Beheshtian M, Vazehan R, Akbari MR, Kahrizi K, Najmabadi H. Report of limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2a in 6 Iranian patients, one with a novel deletion in CAPN3 gene. Neuromuscul Disord 2016; 26:277-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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33
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Richard I, Hogrel JY, Stockholm D, Payan CAM, Fougerousse F, Eymard B, Mignard C, Lopez de Munain A, Fardeau M, Urtizberea JA. Natural history of LGMD2A for delineating outcome measures in clinical trials. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2016; 3:248-65. [PMID: 27081656 PMCID: PMC4818744 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Limb‐girdle muscular dystophy 2A (LGMD2A, OMIM) is a slowly progressive myopathy caused by the deficiency in calpain 3, a calcium‐dependent cysteine protease of the skeletal muscle. Methods In this study, we carried out an observational study of clinical manifestations and disease progression in genetically confirmed LGMD2A patients for up to 4 years. A total of 85 patients, aged 14–65 years, were recruited in three centers located in metropolitan France, the Basque country, and the Reunion Island. They were followed up every 6 months for 2 years and a subgroup was assessed annually thereafter for two more years. Data collected for all patients included clinical history, blood parameters, muscle strength assessed by manual muscle testing (MMT) and quantitative muscle testing, functional scores, and pulmonary and cardiac functions. In addition, CT scans of the lower limbs were performed in a subgroup of patients. Results Our study confirms the clinical description of a slowly progressive disorder with onset in the first or second decade of life with some degree of variability related to gender and mutation type. The null mutations lead to a more severe phenotype while compound heterozygote patients are the least affected. Muscle weakness is remarkably symmetrical and predominant in the axial muscles of the trunk and proximal muscles of the lower limb. There was a high correlation between the weakness at individual muscle level as assessed by MMT and the loss of density in CT scan analysis. Interpretation All the generated data will help to determine the endpoints for further clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Richard
- INSERMU 951 INTEGRARE Research Unit Evr F-91002 France; Généthon 1 bis rue de l'Internationale Evry F-91002 France
| | | | - Daniel Stockholm
- INSERMU 951 INTEGRARE Research Unit Evr F-91002 France; Généthon 1 bis rue de l'Internationale Evry F-91002 France; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes Paris France
| | - Christine A M Payan
- Institut de Myologie GH Pitié-Salpêtriere Paris France; Present address: Institut de Neurosciences Translationnelles de Paris Service de Pharmacologie Clinique Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris France
| | - Françoise Fougerousse
- Généthon1bis rue de l'Internationale Evry F-91002 France; Present address: Laboratoire Servier Neuilly/Seine France
| | | | - Bruno Eymard
- Institut de Myologie GH Pitié-Salpêtriere Paris France
| | - Claude Mignard
- Centre de Référence des maladies Neuromusculaires et Neurologiques rares du CHU de la Réunion La Réunion France
| | - Adolfo Lopez de Munain
- Service de Neurologie Hospital Donostia Biodonostia Institute CIBERNED University of the Basque Country UPV-EHU San Sebastian Spain
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An eccentric calpain, CAPN3/p94/calpain-3. Biochimie 2016; 122:169-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Liu X, Du Y, Trakooljul N, Brand B, Muráni E, Krischek C, Wicke M, Schwerin M, Wimmers K, Ponsuksili S. Muscle Transcriptional Profile Based on Muscle Fiber, Mitochondrial Respiratory Activity, and Metabolic Enzymes. Int J Biol Sci 2015; 11:1348-62. [PMID: 26681915 PMCID: PMC4671993 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a highly metabolically active tissue that both stores and consumes energy. Important biological pathways that affect energy metabolism and metabolic fiber type in muscle cells may be identified through transcriptomic profiling of the muscle, especially ante mortem. Here, gene expression was investigated in malignant hyperthermia syndrome (MHS)-negative Duroc and Pietrian (PiNN) pigs significantly differing for the muscle fiber types slow-twitch-oxidative fiber (STO) and fast-twitch-oxidative fiber (FTO) as well as mitochondrial activity (succinate-dependent state 3 respiration rate). Longissimus muscle samples were obtained 24 h before slaughter and profiled using cDNA microarrays. Differential gene expression between Duroc and PiNN muscle samples were associated with protein ubiquitination, stem cell pluripotency, amyloid processing, and 3-phosphoinositide biosynthesis and degradation pathways. In addition, weighted gene co-expression network analysis within both breeds identified several co-expression modules that were associated with the proportion of different fiber types, mitochondrial respiratory activity, and ATP metabolism. In particular, Duroc results revealed strong correlations between mitochondrion-associated co-expression modules and STO (r = 0.78), fast-twitch glycolytic fiber (r = -0.98), complex I (r=0.72) and COX activity (r = 0.86). Other pathways in the protein-kinase-activity enriched module were positively correlated with STO (r=0.93), while negatively correlated with FTO (r = -0.72). In contrast to PiNN, co-expression modules enriched in macromolecule catabolic process, actin cytoskeleton, and transcription activator activity were associated with fiber types, mitochondrial respiratory activity, and metabolic enzyme activities. Our results highlight the importance of mitochondria for the oxidative capacity of porcine muscle and for breed-dependent molecular pathways in muscle cell fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Liu
- 1. Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Yang Du
- 1. Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Nares Trakooljul
- 1. Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Bodo Brand
- 1. Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Eduard Muráni
- 1. Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Carsten Krischek
- 2. 2 Institute of Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, D-30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Wicke
- 3. 3 Department of Animal Science, Quality of Food of Animal Origin, Georg-August-University Goettingen, D-37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Manfred Schwerin
- 1. Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- 1. Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Siriluck Ponsuksili
- 1. Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
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Charton K, Sarparanta J, Vihola A, Milic A, Jonson PH, Suel L, Luque H, Boumela I, Richard I, Udd B. CAPN3-mediated processing of C-terminal titin replaced by pathological cleavage in titinopathy. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:3718-31. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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Belova SP, Lomonosova YN, Shenkman BS, Nemirovskaya TL. The blockade of dihydropyridine channels prevents an increase in μ-calpain level under m. soleus unloading. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2015; 460:1-3. [PMID: 25772978 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672915010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S P Belova
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Moscow State University, Lomonosovskii pr. 31/5, Moscow, 117191, Russia
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Dixon DM, Choi J, El-Ghazali A, Park SY, Roos KP, Jordan MC, Fishbein MC, Comai L, Reddy S. Loss of muscleblind-like 1 results in cardiac pathology and persistence of embryonic splice isoforms. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9042. [PMID: 25761764 PMCID: PMC4356957 DOI: 10.1038/srep09042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac dysfunction is a prominent cause of mortality in myotonic dystrophy I (DM1), a disease where expanded CUG repeats bind and disable the muscleblind-like family of splice regulators. Deletion of muscleblind-like 1 (Mbnl1ΔE2/ΔE2) in 129 sv mice results in QRS, QTc widening, bundle block and STc narrowing at 2–4 months of age. With time, cardiac function deteriorates further and at 6 months, decreased R wave amplitudes, sinus node dysfunction, cardiac hypertrophy, interstitial fibrosis, multi-focal myocardial fiber death and calcification manifest. Sudden death, where no end point illness is overt, is observed at a median age of 6.5 and 4.8 months in ~67% and ~86% of male and female Mbnl1ΔE2/ΔE2 mice, respectively. Mbnl1 depletion results in the persistence of embryonic splice isoforms in a network of cardiac RNAs, some of which have been previously implicated in DM1, regulating sodium and calcium currents, Scn5a, Junctin, Junctate, Atp2a1, Atp11a, Cacna1s, Ryr2, intra and inter cellular transport, Clta, Stx2, Tjp1, cell survival, Capn3, Sirt2, Csda, sarcomere and cytoskeleton organization and function, Trim55, Mapt, Pdlim3, Pdlim5, Sorbs1, Sorbs2, Fhod1, Spag9 and structural components of the sarcomere, Myom1, Tnnt2, Zasp. Thus this study supports a key role for Mbnl1 loss in the initiation of DM1 cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald M Dixon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jongkyu Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Ayea El-Ghazali
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA [2] Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Sun Young Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Kenneth P Roos
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Maria C Jordan
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michael C Fishbein
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lucio Comai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Sita Reddy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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Yasunaga M, Murotomi K, Abe H, Yamazaki T, Nishii S, Ohbayashi T, Oshimura M, Noguchi T, Niwa K, Ohmiya Y, Nakajima Y. Highly sensitive luciferase reporter assay using a potent destabilization sequence of calpain 3. J Biotechnol 2014; 194:115-23. [PMID: 25528501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Reporter assays that use luciferases are widely employed for monitoring cellular events associated with gene expression in vitro and in vivo. To improve the response of the luciferase reporter to acute changes of gene expression, a destabilization sequence is frequently used to reduce the stability of luciferase protein in the cells, which results in an increase of sensitivity of the luciferase reporter assay. In this study, we identified a potent destabilization sequence (referred to as the C9 fragment) consisting of 42 amino acid residues from human calpain 3 (CAPN3). Whereas the half-life of Emerald Luc (ELuc) from the Brazilian click beetle Pyrearinus termitilluminans was reduced by fusing PEST (t1/2=9.8 to 2.8h), the half-life of C9-fused ELuc was significantly shorter (t1/2=1.0h) than that of PEST-fused ELuc when measurements were conducted at 37°C. In addition, firefly luciferase (luc2) was also markedly destabilized by the C9 fragment compared with the humanized PEST sequence. These results indicate that the C9 fragment from CAPN3 is a much more potent destabilization sequence than the PEST sequence. Furthermore, real-time bioluminescence recording of the activation kinetics of nuclear factor-κB after transient treatment with tumor necrosis factor α revealed that the response of C9-fused ELuc is significantly greater than that of PEST-fused ELuc, demonstrating that the use of the C9 fragment realizes a luciferase reporter assay that has faster response speed compared with that provided by the PEST sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Yasunaga
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Murotomi
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroko Abe
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan
| | - Tomomi Yamazaki
- Tsuruga Institute of Biotechnology, TOYOBO Corporation Ltd., Tsuruga, Fukui 914-0047, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Nishii
- Tsuruga Institute of Biotechnology, TOYOBO Corporation Ltd., Tsuruga, Fukui 914-0047, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ohbayashi
- Division of Functional Genomics, Research Center for Bioscience and Technology, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Oshimura
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan; Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Takako Noguchi
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0603, USA
| | - Kazuki Niwa
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8063, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ohmiya
- DAILAB, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8063, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nakajima
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan.
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Reilly BD, Cramp RL, Franklin CE. Activity, abundance and expression of Ca2+-activated proteases in skeletal muscle of the aestivating frog, Cyclorana alboguttata. J Comp Physiol B 2014; 185:243-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-014-0880-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Ojima K, Ono Y, Hata S, Noguchi S, Nishino I, Sorimachi H. Muscle-specific calpain-3 is phosphorylated in its unique insertion region for enrichment in a myofibril fraction. Genes Cells 2014; 19:830-41. [DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Ojima
- Animal Products Research Division; NARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science; 2 Ikenodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0901 Japan
- Calpain Project; Department of Advanced Science for Biomolecules; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science; 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa Setagaya-ku Tokyo 156-8506 Japan
| | - Yasuko Ono
- Calpain Project; Department of Advanced Science for Biomolecules; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science; 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa Setagaya-ku Tokyo 156-8506 Japan
| | - Shoji Hata
- Calpain Project; Department of Advanced Science for Biomolecules; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science; 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa Setagaya-ku Tokyo 156-8506 Japan
| | - Satoru Noguchi
- Department of Neuromuscular Research; National Institute of Neuroscience; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry; 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi Kodaira Tokyo 187-8502 Japan
| | - Ichizo Nishino
- Department of Neuromuscular Research; National Institute of Neuroscience; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry; 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi Kodaira Tokyo 187-8502 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sorimachi
- Calpain Project; Department of Advanced Science for Biomolecules; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science; 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa Setagaya-ku Tokyo 156-8506 Japan
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Redox state and mitochondrial respiratory chain function in skeletal muscle of LGMD2A patients. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102549. [PMID: 25079074 PMCID: PMC4117472 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Calpain-3 deficiency causes oxidative and nitrosative stress-induced damage in skeletal muscle of LGMD2A patients, but mitochondrial respiratory chain function and anti-oxidant levels have not been systematically assessed in this clinical population previously. Methods We identified 14 patients with phenotypes consistent with LGMD2A and performed CAPN3 gene sequencing, CAPN3 expression/autolysis measurements, and insilico predictions of pathogenicity. Oxidative damage, anti-oxidant capacity, and mitochondrial enzyme activities were determined in a subset of muscle biopsies. Results Twenty-one disease-causing variants were detected along the entire CAPN3 gene, five of which were novel (c.338 T>C, c.500 T>C, c.1525-1 G>T, c.2115+4 T>G, c.2366 T>A). Protein- and mRNA-based tests confirmed insilico predictions and the clinical diagnosis in 75% of patients. Reductions in antioxidant defense mechanisms (SOD-1 and NRF-2, but not SOD-2), coupled with increased lipid peroxidation and protein ubiquitination, were observed in calpain-3 deficient muscle, indicating a redox imbalance primarily affecting non-mitochondrial compartments. Although ATP synthase levels were significantly lower in LGMD2A patients, citrate synthase, cytochrome c oxidase, and complex I+III activities were not different from controls. Conclusions Despite significant oxidative damage and redox imbalance in cytosolic/myofibrillar compartments, mitochondrial respiratory chain function is largely maintained in skeletal muscle of LGMD2A patients.
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Vafiadaki E, Arvanitis DA, Papalouka V, Terzis G, Roumeliotis TI, Spengos K, Garbis SD, Manta P, Kranias EG, Sanoudou D. Muscle lim protein isoform negatively regulates striated muscle actin dynamics and differentiation. FEBS J 2014; 281:3261-79. [PMID: 24860983 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Muscle lim protein (MLP) has emerged as a critical regulator of striated muscle physiology and pathophysiology. Mutations in cysteine and glycine-rich protein 3 (CSRP3), the gene encoding MLP, have been directly associated with human cardiomyopathies, whereas aberrant expression patterns are reported in human cardiac and skeletal muscle diseases. Increasing evidence suggests that MLP has an important role in both myogenic differentiation and myocyte cytoarchitecture, although the full spectrum of its intracellular roles has not been delineated. We report the discovery of an alternative splice variant of MLP, designated as MLP-b, showing distinct expression in neuromuscular disease and direct roles in actin dynamics and muscle differentiation. This novel isoform originates by alternative splicing of exons 3 and 4. At the protein level, it contains the N-terminus first half LIM domain of MLP and a unique sequence of 22 amino acids. Physiologically, it is expressed during early differentiation, whereas its overexpression reduces C2C12 differentiation and myotube formation. This may be mediated through its inhibition of MLP/cofilin-2-mediated F-actin dynamics. In differentiated striated muscles, MLP-b localizes to the sarcomeres and binds directly to Z-disc components, including α-actinin, T-cap and MLP. The findings of the present study unveil a novel player in muscle physiology and pathophysiology that is implicated in myogenesis as a negative regulator of myotube formation, as well as in differentiated striated muscles as a contributor to sarcomeric integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Vafiadaki
- Molecular Biology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Greece
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Macaluso F, Isaacs AW, Di Felice V, Myburgh KH. Acute change of titin at mid-sarcomere remains despite 8 wk of plyometric training. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014; 116:1512-9. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00420.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate skeletal muscle changes induced by an acute bout of plyometric exercise (PlyEx) both before and after PlyEx training, to understand if titin is affected differently after PlyEx training. Healthy untrained individuals ( N = 11) completed the 1stPlyEx (10 × 10 squat-jumps, 1-min rest). Thereafter, six subjects completed 8 wk of PlyEx, while five controls abstained from any jumping activity. Seven days after the last training session, all subjects completed the 2ndPlyEx. Blood samples were collected before and 6 h and 1, 2, 3, and 4 days after each acute bout of PlyEx, and muscle biopsies 4 days before and 3 days after each acute bout of PlyEx. The 1stPlyEx induced an increase in circulating myoglobin concentration. Muscle sample analysis revealed Z-disk streaming, a stretch or a fragmentation of titin (immunogold), and increased calpain-3 autolysis. After training, 2ndPlyEx did not induce Z-disk streaming or calpain-3 activation. The previously observed post-1stPlyEx positional change of the titin COOH terminus was still present pre-2ndPlyEx, in all trained and all control subjects. Only two controls presented with Z-disk streaming after 2ndPlyEx, while calpain-3 activation was absent in all controls. Eccentric explosive exercise induced a stretch or fragmentation of titin, which presented as a positional change of the COOH terminus. Calpain-3 activation does not occur when titin is already stretched before explosive jumping. Enzymatic digestion results in titin fragmentation, but since an increase in calpain-3 autolysis was visible only after the 1stPlyEx acute bout, fragmentation cannot explain the prolonged positional change.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Macaluso
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; and
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - A. W. Isaacs
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; and
| | - V. Di Felice
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - K. H. Myburgh
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; and
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Abstract
The giant protein titin forms a unique filament network in cardiomyocytes, which engages in both mechanical and signaling functions of the heart. TTN, which encodes titin, is also a major human disease gene. In this review, we cover the roles of cardiac titin in normal and failing hearts, with a special emphasis on the contribution of titin to diastolic stiffness. We provide an update on disease-associated titin mutations in cardiac and skeletal muscles and summarize what is known about the impact of protein-protein interactions on titin properties and functions. We discuss the importance of titin-isoform shifts and titin phosphorylation, as well as titin modifications related to oxidative stress, in adjusting the diastolic stiffness of the healthy and the failing heart. Along the way we distinguish among titin alterations in systolic and in diastolic heart failure and ponder the evidence for titin stiffness as a potential target for pharmacological intervention in heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang A Linke
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Wyatt EJ, Sweeney HL, McNally EM. Meeting Report: New Directions in the Biology and Disease of Skeletal Muscle 2014. J Neuromuscul Dis 2014; 1:197-206. [PMID: 26207203 PMCID: PMC4508866 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-149003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The New Directions in the Biology and Disease of Skeletal Muscle is a scientific meeting, held every other year, with the stated purpose of bringing together scientists, clinicians, industry representatives and patient advocacy groups to disseminate new discovery useful for treatment inherited forms of neuromuscular disease, primarily the muscular dystrophies. This meeting originated as a response the Muscular Dystrophy Care Act in order to provide a venue for the free exchange of information, with the emphasis on unpublished or newly published data. Highlights of this years' meeting included results from early phase clinical trials for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, progress in understanding the epigenetic defects in Fascioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy and new mechanisms of muscle membrane repair. The following is a brief report of the highlights from the conference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene J Wyatt
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - H Lee Sweeney
- Department of Physiology, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Elizabeth M McNally
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA ; Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
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Sampson DL, Broadbent JA, Parker AW, Upton Z, Parker TJ. Urinary biomarkers of physical activity: candidates and clinical utility. Expert Rev Proteomics 2013; 11:91-106. [DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2014.859527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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skNAC depletion stimulates myoblast migration and perturbs sarcomerogenesis by enhancing calpain 1 and 3 activity. Biochem J 2013; 453:303-10. [PMID: 23662692 DOI: 10.1042/bj20130195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
skNAC (skeletal and heart muscle specific variant of nascent polypeptide-associated complex α) is a skeletal and heart muscle-specific protein known to be involved in the regulation of sarcomerogenesis. The respective mechanism, however, is largely unknown. In the present paper, we demonstrate that skNAC regulates calpain activity. Specifically, we show that inhibition of skNAC gene expression leads to enhanced, and overexpression of the skNAC gene to repressed, activity of calpain 1 and, to a lesser extent, calpain 3 in myoblasts. In skNAC siRNA-treated cells, enhanced calpain activity is associated with increased migration rates, as well as with perturbed sarcomere architecture. Treatment of skNAC-knockdown cells with the calpain inhibitor ALLN (N-acetyl-leucyl-leucyl-norleucinal) reverts both the positive effect on myoblast migration and the negative effect on sarcomere architecture. Taken together, our data suggest that skNAC controls myoblast migration and sarcomere architecture in a calpain-dependent manner.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE At present, more than 20 different forms of limb-girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMDs) are known (at least 7 autosomal dominant and 14 autosomal recessive). Although these different forms show some typical phenotypic characteristics, the existing clinical overlap makes their differential diagnosis difficult. Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2 (LGMD2A) is the most prevalent LGMD in many European as well as Brazilian communities and is caused by mutations in the gene CAPN3. Laboratory testing, such as calpain immunohistochemistry and Western-blot analysis, is not totally reliable, since up to 20% of molecularly confirmed LGMD2A show normal content of calpain 3 and a third of LGMD2A biopsies have normal calpain 3 proteo-lytic activity in the muscle. Thus, genetic testing is considered as the only reliable diagnostic criterion in LGMD2A. MATERIAL AND METHODS In an attempt to find a correlation between genotype and muscle pathology in limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 2A we performed histopathological investigation of a group of 31 patients subdivided according to the type of pathologic CAPN3 gene mutation. RESULTS In all biopsies typical features of muscular dystrophy such as fiber necrosis and regeneration, variation in fiber size and fibrosis were noted. Lobulated fibers were often encountered in the muscle biopsies of LGMD2A patients. Such fibers were more frequent in patients with 550delA mutation. CONCLUSIONS These findings may be helpful in establishing diagnostic strategies in LGMD.
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Roudaut C, Le Roy F, Suel L, Poupiot J, Charton K, Bartoli M, Richard I. Restriction of calpain3 expression to the skeletal muscle prevents cardiac toxicity and corrects pathology in a murine model of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. Circulation 2013; 128:1094-104. [PMID: 23908349 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.113.001340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic defects in calpain3 (CAPN3) lead to limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A, a disease of the skeletal muscle that affects predominantly the proximal limb muscles. We previously demonstrated the potential of adeno-associated virus-mediated transfer of the CAPN3 gene to correct the pathological signs in a murine model for limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A after intramuscular and locoregional administrations. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we showed that intravenous injection of calpain3-expressing vector in mice can induce mortality in a dose-dependent manner. An anatomopathological investigation revealed large areas of fibrosis in the heart that we related to unregulated proteolytic activity of calpain3. To circumvent this toxicity, we developed new adeno-associated virus vectors with skeletal muscle-restricted expression by using new muscle-specific promoters that include the CAPN3 promoter itself and by introducing a target sequence of the cardiac-specific microRNA-208a in the cassette. Our results show that CAPN3 transgene expression can be successfully suppressed in the cardiac tissue, preventing the cardiac toxicity, whereas expression of the transgene in skeletal muscle reverts the pathological signs of calpain3 deficiency. CONCLUSIONS The molecular strategies used in this study may be useful for any gene transfer strategy with potential toxicity in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carinne Roudaut
- Généthon, CNRS-UMR8587, Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, 1 rue de l’Internationale, Evry, France
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