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Cabasso O, Kuppuramalingam A, Lelieveld L, Van der Lienden M, Boot R, Aerts JM, Horowitz M. Animal Models for the Study of Gaucher Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16035. [PMID: 38003227 PMCID: PMC10671165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In Gaucher disease (GD), a relatively common sphingolipidosis, the mutant lysosomal enzyme acid β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase), encoded by the GBA1 gene, fails to properly hydrolyze the sphingolipid glucosylceramide (GlcCer) in lysosomes, particularly of tissue macrophages. As a result, GlcCer accumulates, which, to a certain extent, is converted to its deacylated form, glucosylsphingosine (GlcSph), by lysosomal acid ceramidase. The inability of mutant GCase to degrade GlcSph further promotes its accumulation. The amount of mutant GCase in lysosomes depends on the amount of mutant ER enzyme that shuttles to them. In the case of many mutant GCase forms, the enzyme is largely misfolded in the ER. Only a fraction correctly folds and is subsequently trafficked to the lysosomes, while the rest of the misfolded mutant GCase protein undergoes ER-associated degradation (ERAD). The retention of misfolded mutant GCase in the ER induces ER stress, which evokes a stress response known as the unfolded protein response (UPR). GD is remarkably heterogeneous in clinical manifestation, including the variant without CNS involvement (type 1), and acute and subacute neuronopathic variants (types 2 and 3). The present review discusses animal models developed to study the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Or Cabasso
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel; (O.C.); (A.K.)
| | - Aparna Kuppuramalingam
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel; (O.C.); (A.K.)
| | - Lindsey Lelieveld
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 9502 Leiden, The Netherlands; (L.L.); (M.V.d.L.); (R.B.)
| | - Martijn Van der Lienden
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 9502 Leiden, The Netherlands; (L.L.); (M.V.d.L.); (R.B.)
| | - Rolf Boot
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 9502 Leiden, The Netherlands; (L.L.); (M.V.d.L.); (R.B.)
| | - Johannes M. Aerts
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 9502 Leiden, The Netherlands; (L.L.); (M.V.d.L.); (R.B.)
| | - Mia Horowitz
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel; (O.C.); (A.K.)
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2
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Zi D, Song YY, Lu TT, Kise M, Kato A, Wang JZ, Jia YM, Li YX, Fleet GWJ, Yu CY. Nanomolar β-glucosidase and β-galactosidase inhibition by enantiomeric α-1-C-alkyl-1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-arabinitol derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 247:115056. [PMID: 36603505 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.115056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of α-1-C-alkyl DAB (1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-d-arabinitol) and LAB (1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-l-arabinitol) derivatives with aryl substituents have been designed as analogues of broussonetine W (12), and assayed as glycosidase inhibitors. While the inhibition spectrum of α-1-C-alkyl DAB derivative 16 showed a good correlation to that of broussonetine W (12), introduction of substituents on the terminal aryl (17a-f) or hydroxyl groups at C-1' position of the alkyl chains (18a-e) decreased their α-glucosidase inhibitions but greatly improved their inhibitions of bovine liver β-glucosidase and β-galactosidase. Furthermore, epimerization of C-1' configurations of compounds 18a-e clearly lowered their inhibition potency of bovine liver β-glucosidase and β-galactosidase. Notably, some of the α-1-C-alkyl DAB derivatives were also found to have potent human lysosome β-glucosidase inhibitions. In contrast, enantiomers of compounds 18a-e and 1'-epi-18a-e generally showed increased α-glucosidase inhibitions, but sharply decreased bovine liver β-glucosidase and β-galactosidase inhibitions. Molecular docking calculations unveiled the novel two set of binding modes for each series of compounds; introduction of C-1' hydroxyl altered the conformations of the pyrrolidine rings and orientation of their long chains, resulting in improved accommodation in the hydrophobic grooves. The compounds reported herein are very potent β-glucosidase and β-galactosidase inhibitions with novel binding mode; and the structure-activity relationship provides guidance for design and development of more pyrrolidine pharmacological chaperones for lysosomal storage diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ying-Ying Song
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Laboratory of Immunology for Environment and Health, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Tian-Tian Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Maki Kise
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Jun-Zhe Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yue-Mei Jia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yi-Xian Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - George W J Fleet
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Chu-Yi Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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3
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GCase Enhancers: A Potential Therapeutic Option for Gaucher Disease and Other Neurological Disorders. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070823. [PMID: 35890122 PMCID: PMC9325019 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical chaperones (PCs) are small compounds able to bind and stabilize misfolded proteins, allowing them to recover their native folding and thus their biological activity. In particular, lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs), a class of metabolic disorders due to genetic mutations that result in misfolded lysosomal enzymes, can strongly benefit from the use of PCs able to facilitate their translocation to the lysosomes. This results in a recovery of their catalytic activity. No PC for the GCase enzyme (lysosomal acid-β-glucosidase, or glucocerebrosidase) has reached the market yet, despite the importance of this enzyme not only for Gaucher disease, the most common LSD, but also for neurological disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease. This review aims to describe the efforts made by the scientific community in the last 7 years (since 2015) in order to identify new PCs for the GCase enzyme, which have been mainly identified among glycomimetic-based compounds.
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4
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Kong W, Lu C, Ding Y, Meng Y. Update of treatment for Gaucher disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 926:175023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Wang JZ, Shimadate Y, Kise M, Kato A, Jia YM, Li YX, Fleet G, Yu CY. Trans, trans-2-C-aryl-3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidines as potent and selective β-glucosidase inhibitors: Pharmacological chaperones for gaucher disease. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 238:114499. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Safary A, Moghaddas-Sani H, Akbarzadeh-Khiavi M, Khabbazzi A, Rafi MA, Omidi Y. Enzyme replacement combinational therapy: effective treatments for mucopolysaccharidoses. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2021; 21:1181-1197. [PMID: 33653197 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2021.1895746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS), as a group of inherited lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs), are clinically heterogeneous and characterized by multi-systemic manifestations, such as skeletal abnormalities and neurological dysfunctions. The currently used enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) might be associated with several limitations including the low biodistribution of the enzymes into the main targets, immunological responses against foreign enzymes, and the high cost of the treatment procedure. Therefore, a suitable combination approach can be considered for the successful treatment of each type of MPS. AREAS COVERED In this review, we provide comprehensive insights into the ERT-based combination therapies of MPS by reviewing the published literature on PubMed and Scopus. We also discuss the recent advancements in the treatment of MPS and bring up the hopes and hurdles in the futuristic treatment strategies. EXPERT OPINION Given the complex pathophysiology of MPS and its involvement in different tissues, the ERT of MPS in combination with stem cell therapy or gene therapy is deemed to provide a personalized precision treatment modality with the highest therapeutic responses and minimal side effects. By the same token, new combinational approaches need to be evaluated by using drugs that target alternative and secondary pathological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Safary
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mostafa Akbarzadeh-Khiavi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Khabbazzi
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad A Rafi
- Department of Neurology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvanian USA
| | - Yadollah Omidi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida USA
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7
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Tao YX, Conn PM. Pharmacoperones as Novel Therapeutics for Diverse Protein Conformational Diseases. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:697-725. [PMID: 29442594 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00029.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
After synthesis, proteins are folded into their native conformations aided by molecular chaperones. Dysfunction in folding caused by genetic mutations in numerous genes causes protein conformational diseases. Membrane proteins are more prone to misfolding due to their more intricate folding than soluble proteins. Misfolded proteins are detected by the cellular quality control systems, especially in the endoplasmic reticulum, and proteins may be retained there for eventual degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system or through autophagy. Some misfolded proteins aggregate, leading to pathologies in numerous neurological diseases. In vitro, modulating mutant protein folding by altering molecular chaperone expression can ameliorate some misfolding. Some small molecules known as chemical chaperones also correct mutant protein misfolding in vitro and in vivo. However, due to their lack of specificity, their potential as therapeutics is limited. Another class of compounds, known as pharmacological chaperones (pharmacoperones), binds with high specificity to misfolded proteins, either as enzyme substrates or receptor ligands, leading to decreased folding energy barriers and correction of the misfolding. Because many of the misfolded proteins are misrouted but do not have defects in function per se, pharmacoperones have promising potential in advancing to the clinic as therapeutics, since correcting routing may ameliorate the underlying mechanism of disease. This review will comprehensively summarize this exciting area of research, surveying the literature from in vitro studies in cell lines to transgenic animal models and clinical trials in several protein misfolding diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Xiong Tao
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama ; and Departments of Internal Medicine and Cell Biology, Texas Tech University Health Science Center , Lubbock, Texas
| | - P Michael Conn
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama ; and Departments of Internal Medicine and Cell Biology, Texas Tech University Health Science Center , Lubbock, Texas
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Design of a New α-1- C-Alkyl-DAB Derivative Acting as a Pharmacological Chaperone for β-Glucocerebrosidase Using Ligand Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulation. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 23:molecules23102683. [PMID: 30340368 PMCID: PMC6222826 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Some point mutations in β-glucocerebrosidase cause either improper folding or instability of this protein, resulting in Gaucher disease. Pharmacological chaperones bind to the mutant enzyme and stabilize this enzyme; thus, pharmacological chaperone therapy was proposed as a potential treatment for Gaucher disease. The binding affinities of α-1-C-alkyl 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-d-arabinitol (DAB) derivatives, which act as pharmacological chaperones for β-glucocerebrosidase, abruptly increased upon elongation of their alkyl chain. In this study, the primary causes of such an increase in binding affinity were analyzed using protein–ligand docking and molecular dynamics simulations. We found that the activity cliff between α-1-C-heptyl-DAB and α-1-C-octyl-DAB was due to the shape and size of the hydrophobic binding site accommodating the alkyl chains, and that the interaction with this hydrophobic site controlled the binding affinity of the ligands well. Furthermore, based on the aromatic/hydrophobic properties of the binding site, a 7-(tetralin-2-yl)-heptyl-DAB compound was designed and synthesized. This compound had significantly enhanced activity. The design strategy in consideration of aromatic interactions in the hydrophobic pocket was useful for generating effective pharmacological chaperones for the treatment of Gaucher disease.
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9
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Prichard K, Campkin D, O'Brien N, Kato A, Fleet GWJ, Simone MI. Biological activities of 3,4,5-trihydroxypiperidines and their N
- and O
-derivatives. Chem Biol Drug Des 2018; 92:1171-1197. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Prichard
- Discipline of Chemistry; University of Newcastle; Callaghan NSW Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Chemical Biology and Clinical Pharmacology; University of Newcastle; Callaghan NSW Australia
| | - David Campkin
- Discipline of Chemistry; University of Newcastle; Callaghan NSW Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Chemical Biology and Clinical Pharmacology; University of Newcastle; Callaghan NSW Australia
| | - Nicholas O'Brien
- Discipline of Chemistry; University of Newcastle; Callaghan NSW Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Chemical Biology and Clinical Pharmacology; University of Newcastle; Callaghan NSW Australia
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy; University of Toyama; Toyama Japan
| | | | - Michela I. Simone
- Discipline of Chemistry; University of Newcastle; Callaghan NSW Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Chemical Biology and Clinical Pharmacology; University of Newcastle; Callaghan NSW Australia
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10
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Graziano ACE, Pannuzzo G, Avola R, Cardile V. Chaperones as potential therapeutics for Krabbe disease. J Neurosci Res 2017; 94:1220-30. [PMID: 27638605 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Krabbe's disease (KD) is an autosomal recessive, neurodegenerative disorder. It is classified among the lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs). It was first described in , but the genetic defect for the galactocerebrosidase (GALC) gene was not discovered until the beginning of the 1970s, 20 years before the GALC cloning. Recently, in 2011, the crystal structures of the GALC enzyme and the GALC-product complex were obtained. For this, compared with other LSDs, the research on possible therapeutic interventions is much more recent. Thus, it is not surprising that some treatment options are still under preclinical investigation, whereas their relevance for other pathologies of the same group has already been tested in clinical studies. This is specifically the case for pharmacological chaperone therapy (PCT), a promising strategy for selectively correcting defective protein folding and trafficking and for enhancing enzyme activity by small molecules. These compounds bind directly to a partially folded biosynthetic intermediate, stabilize the protein, and allow completion of the folding process to yield a functional protein. Here, we review the chaperones that have demonstrated potential therapeutics during preclinical studies for KD, underscoring the requirement to invigorate research for KD-addressed PCT that will benefit from recent insights into the molecular understanding of GALC structure, drug design, and development in cellular models. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovanna Pannuzzo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosanna Avola
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Venera Cardile
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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García-Moreno MI, de la Mata M, Sánchez-Fernández EM, Benito JM, Díaz-Quintana A, Fustero S, Nanba E, Higaki K, Sánchez-Alcázar JA, García Fernández JM, Ortiz Mellet C. Fluorinated Chaperone-β-Cyclodextrin Formulations for β-Glucocerebrosidase Activity Enhancement in Neuronopathic Gaucher Disease. J Med Chem 2017; 60:1829-1842. [PMID: 28171725 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic glycomimetics encompassing a rigid, undistortable nortropane skeleton based on 1,6-anhydro-l-idonojirimycin and a polyfluorinated antenna, when formulated as the corresponding inclusion complexes with β-cyclodextrin (βCD), have been shown to behave as pharmacological chaperones (PCs) that efficiently rescue lysosomal β-glucocerebrosidase mutants associated with the neuronopathic variants of Gaucher disease (GD), including the highly refractory L444P/L444P and L444P/P415R single nucleotide polymorphs, in patient fibroblasts. The body of work here presented includes the design criteria for the PC prototype, the synthesis of a series of candidates, the characterization of the PC:βCD complexes, the determination of the selectivity profiles toward a panel of commercial and human lysosomal glycosidases, the evaluation of the chaperoning activity in type 1 (non-neuronopathic), type 2 (acute neuronopathic), and type 3 (adult neuronopathic) GD fibroblasts, the confirmation of the rescuing mechanism by immunolabeling, and the analysis of the PC:GCase binding mode by docking experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Isabel García-Moreno
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Sevilla , c/Profesor García González 1, 41011 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Mario de la Mata
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), CSIC, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Elena M Sánchez-Fernández
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Sevilla , c/Profesor García González 1, 41011 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan M Benito
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC, and Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio Díaz-Quintana
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC, and Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Santos Fustero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia , 46100 Burjassot, Spain.,Laboratorio de Moléculas Orgánicas, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe , 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Eiji Nanba
- Division of Functional Genomics, Research Center for Bioscience and Technology, Tottori University , 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Katsumi Higaki
- Division of Functional Genomics, Research Center for Bioscience and Technology, Tottori University , 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - José A Sánchez-Alcázar
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), CSIC, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José M García Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC, and Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carmen Ortiz Mellet
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Sevilla , c/Profesor García González 1, 41011 Sevilla, Spain
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12
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Sánchez-Fernández EM, García Fernández JM, Mellet CO. Glycomimetic-based pharmacological chaperones for lysosomal storage disorders: lessons from Gaucher, GM1-gangliosidosis and Fabry diseases. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:5497-515. [PMID: 27043200 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc01564f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are often caused by mutations that destabilize native folding and impair the trafficking of enzymes, leading to premature endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation, deficiencies of specific hydrolytic functions and aberrant storage of metabolites in the lysosomes. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) and substrate reduction therapy (SRT) are available for a few of these conditions, but most remain orphan. A main difficulty is that virtually all LSDs involve neurological decline and neither proteins nor the current SRT drugs can cross the blood-brain barrier. Twenty years ago a new therapeutic paradigm better suited for neuropathic LSDs was launched, namely pharmacological chaperone (PC) therapy. PCs are small molecules capable of binding to the mutant protein at the ER, inducing proper folding, restoring trafficking and increasing enzyme activity and substrate processing in the lysosome. In many LSDs the mutated protein is a glycosidase and the accumulated substrate is an oligo- or polysaccharide or a glycoconjugate, e.g. a glycosphingolipid. Although it might appear counterintuitive, substrate analogues (glycomimetics) behaving as competitive glycosidase inhibitors are good candidates to perform PC tasks. The advancements in the knowledge of the molecular basis of LSDs, including enzyme structures, binding modes, trafficking pathways and substrate processing mechanisms, have been put forward to optimize PC selectivity and efficacy. Moreover, the chemical versatility of glycomimetics and the variety of structures at hand allow simultaneous optimization of chaperone and pharmacokinetic properties. In this Feature Article we review the advancements made in this field in the last few years and the future outlook through the lessons taught by three archetypical LSDs: Gaucher disease, GM1-gangliosidosis and Fabry disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena M Sánchez-Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González 1, 41012, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - José M García Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Carmen Ortiz Mellet
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González 1, 41012, Sevilla, Spain.
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13
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Ketenimine mediated synthesis of lactam iminosugars: development of one-pot process via tandem hydrative amidation of amino-alkynes and intramolecular transamidation. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Horowitz M, Elstein D, Zimran A, Goker-Alpan O. New Directions in Gaucher Disease. Hum Mutat 2016; 37:1121-1136. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.23056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mia Horowitz
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Faculty of Life Sciences; Tel Aviv University; Ramat Aviv Israel
| | - Deborah Elstein
- Gaucher Clinic; Shaare Zedek Medical Center; Jerusalem Israel
| | - Ari Zimran
- Gaucher Clinic; Shaare Zedek Medical Center; Jerusalem Israel
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Saida Ortolano
- Group of Neonatal Pathology, Pediatrics and Rare Diseases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur, Vigo, Spain
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16
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Shawky RM, Elsayed SM. Treatment options for patients with Gaucher disease. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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17
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Convertino M, Das J, Dokholyan NV. Pharmacological Chaperones: Design and Development of New Therapeutic Strategies for the Treatment of Conformational Diseases. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:1471-89. [PMID: 27097127 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Errors in protein folding may result in premature clearance of structurally aberrant proteins, or in the accumulation of toxic misfolded species or protein aggregates. These pathological events lead to a large range of conditions known as conformational diseases. Several research groups have presented possible therapeutic solutions for their treatment by developing novel compounds, known as pharmacological chaperones. These cell-permeable molecules selectively provide a molecular scaffold around which misfolded proteins can recover their native folding and, thus, their biological activities. Here, we review therapeutic strategies, clinical potentials, and cost-benefit impacts of several classes of pharmacological chaperones for the treatment of a series of conformational diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marino Convertino
- Department of Biochemistry
and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, 120 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jhuma Das
- Department of Biochemistry
and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, 120 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Nikolay V. Dokholyan
- Department of Biochemistry
and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, 120 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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18
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Wang HY, Kato A, Kinami K, Li YX, Fleet GWJ, Yu CY. Concise synthesis of calystegines B2 and B3via intramolecular Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:4885-96. [PMID: 27161660 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00697c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The key step in the concise syntheses of calystegine B2 and its C-2 epimer calystegine B3 was the construction of cycloheptanone 8via an intramolecular Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi (NHK) reaction of 9, an aldehyde containing a Z-vinyl iodide. Vinyl iodide 9 was obtained by the Stork olefination of aldehyde 10, derived from carbohydrate starting materials. Calystegines B2 (3) and B3 (4) were synthesized from d-xylose and l-arabinose derivatives respectively in 11 steps in excellent overall yields (27% and 19%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yao Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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19
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Kato A, Nakagome I, Sato K, Yamamoto A, Adachi I, Nash RJ, Fleet GWJ, Natori Y, Watanabe Y, Imahori T, Yoshimura Y, Takahata H, Hirono S. Docking study and biological evaluation of pyrrolidine-based iminosugars as pharmacological chaperones for Gaucher disease. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:1039-48. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02223a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
α-1-C-Alkylated 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-d-arabinitols (DAB) derivatives as pharmacological chaperones for Gaucher disease.
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20
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Parmeggiani C, Catarzi S, Matassini C, D'Adamio G, Morrone A, Goti A, Paoli P, Cardona F. Human Acid β-Glucosidase Inhibition by Carbohydrate Derived Iminosugars: Towards New Pharmacological Chaperones for Gaucher Disease. Chembiochem 2015; 16:2054-64. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Parmeggiani
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”; University of Florence; Via della Lastruccia 3-13 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
- CNR-INO; U.O.S. Sesto Fiorentino and LENS; Via Nello Carrara 1 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Serena Catarzi
- Paediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories; Neuroscience Department; Meyer Children's Hospital; Department of Neurosciences; Pharmacology and Child Health; University of Florence; Viale Pieraccini n. 24 50139 Firenze Italy
| | - Camilla Matassini
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”; University of Florence; Via della Lastruccia 3-13 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Giampiero D'Adamio
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”; University of Florence; Via della Lastruccia 3-13 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Amelia Morrone
- Paediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories; Neuroscience Department; Meyer Children's Hospital; Department of Neurosciences; Pharmacology and Child Health; University of Florence; Viale Pieraccini n. 24 50139 Firenze Italy
| | - Andrea Goti
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”; University of Florence; Via della Lastruccia 3-13 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Paolo Paoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences; University of Florence; Viale Morgagni 50 50134 Florence Italy
| | - Francesca Cardona
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”; University of Florence; Via della Lastruccia 3-13 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
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21
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Kato A, Zhang ZL, Wang HY, Jia YM, Yu CY, Kinami K, Hirokami Y, Tsuji Y, Adachi I, Nash RJ, Fleet GWJ, Koseki J, Nakagome I, Hirono S. Design and Synthesis of Labystegines, Hybrid Iminosugars from LAB and Calystegine, as Inhibitors of Intestinal α-Glucosidases: Binding Conformation and Interaction for ntSI. J Org Chem 2015; 80:4501-15. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kato
- Department
of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Zhao-Lan Zhang
- Beijing
National Laboratory of Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory
of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hong-Yao Wang
- Beijing
National Laboratory of Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory
of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yue-Mei Jia
- Beijing
National Laboratory of Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory
of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chu-Yi Yu
- Beijing
National Laboratory of Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory
of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Kyoko Kinami
- Department
of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yuki Hirokami
- Department
of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yutaro Tsuji
- Department
of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Isao Adachi
- Department
of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Robert J. Nash
- Institute
of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Phytoquest Limited, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3EB, United Kingdom
| | - George W. J. Fleet
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
- National
Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, PR China
| | - Jun Koseki
- School of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Izumi Nakagome
- School of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Shuichi Hirono
- School of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
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22
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Lahiri R, Palanivel A, Kulkarni SA, Vankar YD. Synthesis of Isofagomine–Pyrrolidine Hybrid Sugars and Analogues of (−)-Steviamine and (+)-Hyacinthacine C5 Using 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions. J Org Chem 2014; 79:10786-800. [DOI: 10.1021/jo5016745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rima Lahiri
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Ashokkumar Palanivel
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Sudhir A. Kulkarni
- VLife Sciences Technologies Pvt. Ltd., second
Floor Anaahat, Plot No. 5, Ram Indu Park, Baner Road, Pune 411045, India
| | - Yashwant D. Vankar
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur 208016, India
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23
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Selective chaperone effect of aminocyclitol derivatives on G202R and other mutant glucocerebrosidases causing Gaucher disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 54:245-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Serra-Vinardell J, Díaz L, Casas J, Grinberg D, Vilageliu L, Michelakakis H, Mavridou I, Aerts JMFG, Decroocq C, Compain P, Delgado A. Glucocerebrosidase enhancers for selected Gaucher disease genotypes by modification of α-1-C-substituted imino-D-xylitols (DIXs) by click chemistry. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:1744-54. [PMID: 24976039 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A series of hybrid analogues was designed by combination of the iminoxylitol scaffold of parent 1C9-DIX with triazolylalkyl side chains. The resulting compounds were considered potential pharmacological chaperones in Gaucher disease. The DIX analogues reported here were synthesized by CuAAC click chemistry from scaffold 1 (α-1-C-propargyl-1,5-dideoxy-1,5-imino-D-xylitol) and screened as imiglucerase inhibitors. A set of selected compounds were tested as β-glucocerebrosidase (GBA1) enhancers in fibroblasts from Gaucher patients bearing different genotypes. A number of these DIX compounds were revealed as potent GBA1 enhancers in genotypes containing the G202R mutation, particularly compound DIX-28 (α-1-C-[(1-(3-trimethylsilyl)propyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl]-1,5-dideoxy-1,5-imino-D-xylitol), bearing the 3-trimethylsilylpropyl group as a new surrogate of a long alkyl chain, with approximately threefold activity enhancement at 10 nM. Despite their structural similarities with isofagomine and with our previously reported aminocyclitols, the present DIX compounds behaved as non-competitive inhibitors, with the exception of the mixed-type inhibitor DIX-28.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Serra-Vinardell
- Departament de Genètica, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), IBUB; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona (Spain)
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25
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Muntau AC, Leandro J, Staudigl M, Mayer F, Gersting SW. Innovative strategies to treat protein misfolding in inborn errors of metabolism: pharmacological chaperones and proteostasis regulators. J Inherit Metab Dis 2014; 37:505-23. [PMID: 24687294 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-014-9701-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
To attain functionality, proteins must fold into their three-dimensional native state. The intracellular balance between protein synthesis, folding, and degradation is constantly challenged by genetic or environmental stress factors. In the last ten years, protein misfolding induced by missense mutations was demonstrated to be the seminal molecular mechanism in a constantly growing number of inborn errors of metabolism. In these cases, loss of protein function results from early degradation of missense-induced misfolded proteins. Increasing knowledge on the proteostasis network and the protein quality control system with distinct mechanisms in different compartments of the cell paved the way for the development of new treatment strategies for conformational diseases using small molecules. These comprise proteostasis regulators that enhance the capacity of the proteostasis network and pharmacological chaperones that specifically bind and rescue misfolded proteins by conformational stabilization. They can be used either alone or in combination, the latter to exploit synergistic effects. Many of these small molecule compounds currently undergo preclinical and clinical pharmaceutical development and two have been approved: saproterin dihydrochloride for the treatment of phenylketonuria and tafamidis for the treatment of transthyretin-related hereditary amyloidosis. Different technologies are exploited for the discovery of new small molecule compounds that belong to the still young class of pharmaceutical products discussed here. These compounds may in the near future improve existing treatment strategies or even offer a first-time treatment to patients suffering from nowadays-untreatable inborn errors of metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ania C Muntau
- Department of Molecular Pediatrics, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337, Munich, Germany,
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26
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Hollak CEM, Wijburg FA. Treatment of lysosomal storage disorders: successes and challenges. J Inherit Metab Dis 2014; 37:587-98. [PMID: 24820227 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-014-9718-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Treatment options for a number of lysosomal storage disorders have rapidly expanded and currently include enzyme replacement therapy, substrate reduction, chaperone treatment, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and gene-therapy. Combination treatments are also explored. Most therapies are not curative but change the phenotypic expression of the disease. The effectiveness of treatment varies considerably between the different diseases, but also between sub-groups of patients with a specific lysosomal storage disorder. The heterogeneity of the patient populations complicates the prediction of benefits of therapy, specifically in patients with milder disease manifestations. In addition, there is a lack of data on the natural history of diseases and disease phenotypes. Initial trial data show benefits on relevant short-term endpoints, but the real world situation may reveal different outcomes. Collaborative international studies are much needed to study the long-term clinical efficacy of treatments, and to detect new complications or associated conditions of the diseases. This review summarizes the available treatment modalities for lysosomal storage disorders and the challenges associated with long term clinical care for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla E M Hollak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, SPHINX, Amsterdam Lysosome Center, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
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27
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Shayman JA, Larsen SD. The development and use of small molecule inhibitors of glycosphingolipid metabolism for lysosomal storage diseases. J Lipid Res 2014; 55:1215-25. [PMID: 24534703 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r047167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosphingolipid (GSL) storage diseases have been the focus of efforts to develop small molecule therapeutics from design, experimental proof of concept studies, and clinical trials. Two primary alternative strategies that have been pursued include pharmacological chaperones and GSL synthase inhibitors. There are theoretical advantages and disadvantages to each of these approaches. Pharmacological chaperones are specific for an individual glycoside hydrolase and for the specific mutation present, but no candidate chaperone has been demonstrated to be effective for all mutations leading to a given disorder. Synthase inhibitors target single enzymes such as glucosylceramide synthase and inhibit the formation of multiple GSLs. A glycolipid synthase inhibitor could potentially be used to treat multiple diseases, but at the risk of lowering nontargeted cellular GSLs that are important for normal health. The basis for these strategies and specific examples of compounds that have led to clinical trials is the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Shayman
- Department of Internal Medicine and Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Scott D Larsen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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28
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Sauer T, Patel M, Chan CC, Tuo J. Unfolding the Therapeutic Potential of Chemical Chaperones for Age-related Macular Degeneration. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2014; 3:29-42. [PMID: 18528533 DOI: 10.1586/17469899.3.1.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that pathological processes involved in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) might induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Growing evidence demonstrates the ability of chemical chaperones to decrease ER stress and ameliorate ER stress-related disease phenotypes, suggesting that the field of chaperone therapy might hold novel treatments for AMD. In this review, we examine the evidence suggesting a role for ER stress in AMD. Furthermore, we discuss the use of chaperone therapy for the treatment of ER stress-associated diseases, including other neurodegenerative diseases and retinopathies. Finally, we examine strategies for identifying potential chaperone compounds and for experimentally demonstrating chaperone activity in in vitro and in vivo models of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodor Sauer
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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29
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Iminosugars: Therapeutic Applications and Synthetic Considerations. TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2014_50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
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30
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Abstract
Gaucher disease is a progressive lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency in the activity of β-glucocerebrosidase and is characterized by the accumulation of the glycosphingolipid glucosylceramide in the lysosomes of macrophages that leads to dysfunction in multiple organ system. An emerging strategy for the treatment of Gaucher disease is pharmacological chaperone therapy, based on the use of β-glucocerebrosidase inhibitors that are capable of enhancing residual hydrolytic activity at subinhibitory concentrations. In this article, the most common lysosomal storage disorder, Gaucher disease, is introduced and the current therapeutic strategies based on the use of enzyme inhibitors to ameliorate this disease are discussed, with a focus on the efforts being made toward finding and optimizing novel molecules as pharmacological chaperones for Gaucher disease that offer the promise to remedy this malady.
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31
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Cheng WC, Weng CY, Yun WY, Chang SY, Lin YC, Tsai FJ, Huang FY, Chen YR. Rapid modifications of N-substitution in iminosugars: Development of new β-glucocerebrosidase inhibitors and pharmacological chaperones for Gaucher disease. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:5021-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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32
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Ridley CM, Thur KE, Shanahan J, Thillaiappan NB, Shen A, Uhl K, Walden CM, Rahim AA, Waddington SN, Platt FM, van der Spoel AC. β-Glucosidase 2 (GBA2) activity and imino sugar pharmacology. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:26052-26066. [PMID: 23880767 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.463562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Glucosidase 2 (GBA2) is an enzyme that cleaves the membrane lipid glucosylceramide into glucose and ceramide. The GBA2 gene is mutated in genetic neurological diseases (hereditary spastic paraplegia and cerebellar ataxia). Pharmacologically, GBA2 is reversibly inhibited by alkylated imino sugars that are in clinical use or are being developed for this purpose. We have addressed the ambiguity surrounding one of the defining characteristics of GBA2, which is its sensitivity to inhibition by conduritol B epoxide (CBE). We found that CBE inhibited GBA2, in vitro and in live cells, in a time-dependent fashion, which is typical for mechanism-based enzyme inactivators. Compared with the well characterized impact of CBE on the lysosomal glucosylceramide-degrading enzyme (glucocerebrosidase, GBA), CBE inactivated GBA2 less efficiently, due to a lower affinity for this enzyme (higher KI) and a lower rate of enzyme inactivation (k(inact)). In contrast to CBE, N-butyldeoxygalactonojirimycin exclusively inhibited GBA2. Accordingly, we propose to redefine GBA2 activity as the β-glucosidase that is sensitive to inhibition by N-butyldeoxygalactonojirimycin. Revised as such, GBA2 activity 1) was optimal at pH 5.5-6.0; 2) accounted for a much higher proportion of detergent-independent membrane-associated β-glucosidase activity; 3) was more variable among mouse tissues and neuroblastoma and monocyte cell lines; and 4) was more sensitive to inhibition by N-butyldeoxynojirimycin (miglustat, Zavesca®), in comparison with earlier studies. Our evaluation of GBA2 makes it possible to assess its activity more accurately, which will be helpful in analyzing its physiological roles and involvement in disease and in the pharmacological profiling of monosaccharide mimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Ridley
- From the Atlantic Research Centre, Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Karen E Thur
- From the Atlantic Research Centre, Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Jessica Shanahan
- From the Atlantic Research Centre, Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | | | - Ann Shen
- From the Atlantic Research Centre, Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Karly Uhl
- From the Atlantic Research Centre, Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Charlotte M Walden
- the Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom, and
| | - Ahad A Rahim
- the Gene Transfer Technology Group, Institute of Women's Health, University College London, London WC1E 6HX, United Kingdom
| | - Simon N Waddington
- the Gene Transfer Technology Group, Institute of Women's Health, University College London, London WC1E 6HX, United Kingdom
| | - Frances M Platt
- the Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Aarnoud C van der Spoel
- From the Atlantic Research Centre, Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada,.
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33
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An improved methodology for the synthesis of 1-C-allyl imino-d-xylitol and -l-arabinitol and their rapid functionalization. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.12.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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34
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Boyd RE, Lee G, Rybczynski P, Benjamin ER, Khanna R, Wustman BA, Valenzano KJ. Pharmacological chaperones as therapeutics for lysosomal storage diseases. J Med Chem 2013; 56:2705-25. [PMID: 23363020 DOI: 10.1021/jm301557k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomal enzymes are responsible for the degradation of a wide variety of glycolipids, oligosaccharides, proteins, and glycoproteins. Inherited mutations in the genes that encode these proteins can lead to reduced stability of newly synthesized lysosomal enzymes. While often catalytically competent, the mutated enzymes are unable to efficiently pass the quality control mechanisms of the endoplasmic reticulum, resulting in reduced lysosomal trafficking, substrate accumulation, and cellular dysfunction. Pharmacological chaperones (PCs) are small molecules that bind and stabilize mutant lysosomal enzymes, thereby allowing proper cellular translocation. Such compounds have been shown to increase enzyme activity and reduce substrate burden in a number of preclinical models and clinical studies. In this Perspective, we review several of the lysosomal diseases for which PCs have been studied and the SAR of the various classes of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Boyd
- Amicus Therapeutics, 1 Cedar Brook Drive, Cranbury, New Jersey 08512, United States.
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35
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Pilot study using ambroxol as a pharmacological chaperone in type 1 Gaucher disease. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2013; 50:134-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2012.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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36
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Commentary on “Pilot study using ambroxol as a pharmacological chaperone in type 1 Gaucher disease” by Zimran et al. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2013; 50:138-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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37
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Bendikov-Bar I, Maor G, Filocamo M, Horowitz M. Ambroxol as a pharmacological chaperone for mutant glucocerebrosidase. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2012; 50:141-5. [PMID: 23158495 PMCID: PMC3547170 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2012.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is characterized by accumulation of glucosylceramide in lysosomes due to mutations in the GBA1 gene encoding the lysosomal hydrolase β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase). The disease has a broad spectrum of phenotypes, which were divided into three different Types; Type 1 GD is not associated with primary neurological disease while Types 2 and 3 are associated with central nervous system disease. GCase molecules are synthesized on endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-bound polyribosomes, translocated into the ER and following modifications and correct folding, shuttle to the lysosomes. Mutant GCase molecules, which fail to fold correctly, undergo ER associated degradation (ERAD) in the proteasomes, the degree of which is one of the factors that determine GD severity. Several pharmacological chaperones have already been shown to assist correct folding of mutant GCase molecules in the ER, thus facilitating their trafficking to the lysosomes. Ambroxol, a known expectorant, is one such chaperone. Here we show that ambroxol increases both the lysosomal fraction and the enzymatic activity of several mutant GCase variants in skin fibroblasts derived from Type 1 and Type 2 GD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Bendikov-Bar
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Gali Maor
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Mirella Filocamo
- Centro di Diagnostica Genetica e Biochimica delle Malattie Metaboliche, IRCCS G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Mia Horowitz
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Corresponding author. Fax: + 972 3 6422046.
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38
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Tamargo RJ, Velayati A, Goldin E, Sidransky E. The role of saposin C in Gaucher disease. Mol Genet Metab 2012; 106:257-63. [PMID: 22652185 PMCID: PMC3534739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2012.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 04/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Saposin C is one of four homologous proteins derived from sequential cleavage of the saposin precursor protein, prosaposin. It is an essential activator for glucocerebrosidase, the enzyme deficient in Gaucher disease. Gaucher disease is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the GBA gene that exhibits vast phenotypic heterogeneity, despite its designation as a "simple" Mendelian disorder. The observed phenotypic variability has led to a search for disease modifiers that can alter the Gaucher phenotype. The PSAP gene encoding saposin C is a prime candidate modifier for Gaucher disease. In humans, saposin C deficiency due to mutations in PSAP results in a Gaucher-like phenotype, despite normal in vitro glucocerebrosidase activity. Saposin C deficiency has also been shown to modify phenotype in one mouse model of Gaucher disease. The role of saposin C as an activator required for normal glucocerebrosidase function, and the consequences of saposin C deficiency are described, and are being explored as potential modifying factors in patients with Gaucher disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael J. Tamargo
- Section on Molecular Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Arash Velayati
- Section on Molecular Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ehud Goldin
- Section on Molecular Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ellen Sidransky
- Section on Molecular Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Bendikov-Bar I, Horowitz M. Gaucher disease paradigm: from ERAD to comorbidity. Hum Mutat 2012; 33:1398-407. [PMID: 22623374 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the GBA gene, encoding the lysosomal acid beta-glucocerebrosidase (GCase), lead to deficient activity of the enzyme in the lysosomes, to glucosylceramide accumulation and to development of Gaucher disease (GD). More than 280 mutations in the GBA gene have been directly associated with GD. Mutant GCase variants present variable levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention, due to their inability to correctly fold, and undergo ER-associated degradation (ERAD) in the proteasomes. The degree of ER retention and proteasomal degradation is one of the factors that determine GD severity. In the present review, we discuss ERAD of mutant GCase variants and its possible consequences in GD patients and in carriers of GD mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Bendikov-Bar
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
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40
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Goddard-Borger ED, Tropak MB, Yonekawa S, Tysoe C, Mahuran DJ, Withers SG. Rapid assembly of a library of lipophilic iminosugars via the thiol-ene reaction yields promising pharmacological chaperones for the treatment of Gaucher disease. J Med Chem 2012; 55:2737-45. [PMID: 22360565 DOI: 10.1021/jm201633y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A highly divergent route to lipophilic iminosugars that utilizes the thiol-ene reaction was developed to enable the rapid synthesis of a collection of 16 dideoxyiminoxylitols bearing various different lipophilic substituents. Enzyme kinetic analyses revealed that a number of these products are potent, low-nanomolar inhibitors of human glucocerebrosidase that stabilize the enzyme to thermal denaturation by up to 20 K. Cell based assays conducted on Gaucher disease patient derived fibroblasts demonstrated that administration of the compounds can increase lysosomal glucocerebrosidase activity levels by therapeutically relevant amounts, as much as 3.2-fold in cells homozygous for the p.N370S mutation and 1.4-fold in cells homozygous for the p.L444P mutation. Several compounds elicited this increase in enzyme activity over a relatively wide dosage range. The data assembled here illustrate how the lipophilic moiety common to many glucocerebrosidase inhibitors might be used to optimize a lead compound's ability to chaperone the protein in cellulo. The flexibility of this synthetic strategy makes it an attractive approach to the rapid optimization of glycosidase inhibitor potency and pharmacokinetic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan D Goddard-Borger
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
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41
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Wang GN, Twigg G, Butters TD, Zhang S, Zhang L, Zhang LH, Ye XS. Synthesis of N-substituted ε-hexonolactams as pharmacological chaperones for the treatment of N370S mutant Gaucher disease. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:2923-7. [PMID: 22286559 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob06987c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of N-substituted ε-hexonolactams have been designed and prepared by a concise route with a tandem ring-expansion reaction as the key step. Some of the N-substituted ε-hexonolactams show better enhancements to N370S mutant β-glucocerebrosidase activity than NB-DNJ and NN-DNJ. Both the experimental results and computational studies highlight the importance of the carbonyl group for stabilizing protein folds in the mutant enzyme. The structure-activity relationships are also discussed. These novel N-alkylated iminosugars are promising pharmacological chaperones for the treatment of N370S mutant Gaucher disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Nan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing 100191, China
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42
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Ishii S. Pharmacological chaperone therapy for Fabry disease. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2012; 88:18-30. [PMID: 22241068 PMCID: PMC3278969 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.88.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Fabry disease is an inherited lysosomal storage disorder caused by deficient α-galactosidase A activity. Many missense mutations in Fabry disease often cause misfolded gene products, which leads to their retention in the endoplasmic reticulum by the quality control system; they are then removed by endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation. We discovered that a potent α-galactosidase A inhibitor, 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin, acts as a pharmacological chaperone to facilitate the proper folding of the mutant enzyme by binding to its active site, thereby improving its stability and trafficking to the lysosomes in mammalian cells. The oral administration of 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin to transgenic mice expressing human mutant α-galactosidase A resulted in significant increases in α-galactosidase A activity in various organs, with concomitant reductions in globotriaosylceramide, which contributes to the pathology of Fabry disease. Seventy-eight missense mutations were found to be responsive to 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin. These data indicate that many patients with Fabry disease could potentially benefit from pharmacological chaperone therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Ishii
- Department of Matrix Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Hasama-cho Idaigaoka 1-1, Yufu-shi, Oita 879-5593, Japan.
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43
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Marugan JJ, Huang W, Motabar O, Zheng W, Xiao J, Patnaik S, Southall N, Westbroek W, Lea WA, Simeonov A, Goldin E, DeBernardi MA, Sidransky E. Non-iminosugar glucocerebrosidase small molecule chaperones. MEDCHEMCOMM 2012; 3:56-60. [PMID: 22606365 PMCID: PMC3351140 DOI: 10.1039/c1md00200g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Small molecule chaperones are a promising therapeutic approach for the Lysosomal Storage Disorders (LSDs). Here, we report the discovery of a new series of non-iminosugar glucocerebrosidase inhibitors with chaperone capacity, and describe their structure activity relationship (SAR), selectivity, cell activity phamacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jose Marugan
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, 20850, MD, USA
| | - Wenwei Huang
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, 20850, MD, USA
| | - Omid Motabar
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 35 Rm1A213, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda 20892, MD, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, 20850, MD, USA
| | - Jingbo Xiao
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, 20850, MD, USA
| | - Samarjit Patnaik
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, 20850, MD, USA
| | - Noel Southall
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, 20850, MD, USA
| | - Wendy Westbroek
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 35 Rm1A213, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda 20892, MD, USA
| | - Wendy A. Lea
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, 20850, MD, USA
| | - Anton Simeonov
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, 20850, MD, USA
| | - Ehud Goldin
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 35 Rm1A213, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda 20892, MD, USA
| | - Maria A. DeBernardi
- Johns Hopkins University Microscopy Center, Montgomery County Campus, 9605 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, 20850, MD, USA
| | - Ellen Sidransky
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 35 Rm1A213, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda 20892, MD, USA
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Malik G, Guinchard X, Crich D. Asymmetric Synthesis of Polyhydroxylated N-Alkoxypiperidines by Ring-Closing Double Reductive Amination: Facile Preparation of Isofagomine and Analogues. Org Lett 2011; 14:596-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol203213f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Malik
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Xavier Guinchard
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - David Crich
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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Sun Y, Liou B, Xu YH, Quinn B, Zhang W, Hamler R, Setchell KDR, Grabowski GA. Ex vivo and in vivo effects of isofagomine on acid β-glucosidase variants and substrate levels in Gaucher disease. J Biol Chem 2011; 287:4275-87. [PMID: 22167193 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.280016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Isofagomine (IFG) is an acid β-glucosidase (GCase) active site inhibitor that acts as a pharmacological chaperone. The effect of IFG on GCase function was investigated in GCase mutant fibroblasts and mouse models. IFG inhibits GCase with K(i) ∼30 nM for wild-type and mutant enzymes (N370S and V394L). Fibroblasts treated with IFG at μM concentrations showed enhancement of WT and mutant GCase activities and protein levels. Administration of IFG (30 mg/kg/day) to the mice homozygous for GCase mutations (V394L, D409H, or D409V) led to increased GCase activity in visceral tissues and brain extracts. IFG effects on GCase stability and substrate levels were evaluated in a mouse model (hG/4L/PS-NA) that has doxycycline-controlled human WT GCase (hGCase) expression driven by a liver-specific promoter and is also homozygous for the IFG-responsive V394L GCase. Both human and mouse GCase activity and protein levels were increased in IFG-treated mice. The liver-secreted hGCase in serum was stabilized, and its effect on the lung and spleen involvement was enhanced by IFG treatment. In 8-week IFG-treated mice, the accumulated glucosylceramide and glucosylsphingosine were reduced by 75 and 33%, respectively. Decreases of storage cells were correlated with >50% reductions in substrate levels. These results indicate that IFG stabilizes GCase in tissues and serum and can reduce visceral substrates in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039, USA
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Lindquist SL, Kelly JW. Chemical and biological approaches for adapting proteostasis to ameliorate protein misfolding and aggregation diseases: progress and prognosis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2011; 3:a004507. [PMID: 21900404 PMCID: PMC3225948 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a004507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining the proteome to preserve the health of an organism in the face of developmental changes, environmental insults, infectious diseases, and rigors of aging is a formidable task. The challenge is magnified by the inheritance of mutations that render individual proteins subject to misfolding and/or aggregation. Maintenance of the proteome requires the orchestration of protein synthesis, folding, degradation, and trafficking by highly conserved/deeply integrated cellular networks. In humans, no less than 2000 genes are involved. Stress sensors detect the misfolding and aggregation of proteins in specific organelles and respond by activating stress-responsive signaling pathways. These culminate in transcriptional and posttranscriptional programs that up-regulate the homeostatic mechanisms unique to that organelle. Proteostasis is also strongly influenced by the general properties of protein folding that are intrinsic to every proteome. These include the kinetics and thermodynamics of the folding, misfolding, and aggregation of individual proteins. We examine a growing body of evidence establishing that when cellular proteostasis goes awry, it can be reestablished by deliberate chemical and biological interventions. We start with approaches that employ chemicals or biological agents to enhance the general capacity of the proteostasis network. We then introduce chemical approaches to prevent the misfolding or aggregation of specific proteins through direct binding interactions. We finish with evidence that synergy is achieved with the combination of mechanistically distinct approaches to reestablish organismal proteostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Lindquist
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
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47
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Chiral pool synthesis of calystegine A3 from 2-deoxyglucose via a Brown allylation. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:2855-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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48
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Orwig SD, Tan YL, Grimster NP, Yu Z, Powers ET, Kelly JW, Lieberman RL. Binding of 3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyazepanes to the acid-β-glucosidase active site: implications for pharmacological chaperone design for Gaucher disease. Biochemistry 2011; 50:10647-57. [PMID: 22047104 DOI: 10.1021/bi201619z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacologic chaperoning is a therapeutic strategy being developed to improve the cellular folding and trafficking defects associated with Gaucher disease, a lysosomal storage disorder caused by point mutations in the gene encoding acid-β-glucosidase (GCase). In this approach, small molecules bind to and stabilize mutant folded or nearly folded GCase in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), increasing the concentration of folded, functional GCase trafficked to the lysosome where the mutant enzyme can hydrolyze the accumulated substrate. To date, the pharmacologic chaperone (PC) candidates that have been investigated largely have been active site-directed inhibitors of GCase, usually containing five- or six-membered rings, such as modified azasugars. Here we show that a seven-membered, nitrogen-containing heterocycle (3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyazepane) scaffold is also promising for generating PCs for GCase. Crystal structures reveal that the core azepane stabilizes GCase in a variation of its proposed active conformation, whereas binding of an analogue with an N-linked hydroxyethyl tail stabilizes GCase in a conformation in which the active site is covered, also utilizing a loop conformation not seen previously. Although both compounds preferentially stabilize GCase to thermal denaturation at pH 7.4, reflective of the pH in the ER, only the core azepane, which is a mid-micromolar competitive inhibitor, elicits a modest increase in enzyme activity for the neuronopathic G202R and the non-neuronopathic N370S mutant GCase in an intact cell assay. Our results emphasize the importance of the conformational variability of the GCase active site in the design of competitive inhibitors as PCs for Gaucher disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan D Orwig
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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Rempel BP, Tropak MB, Mahuran DJ, Withers SG. Tailoring the Specificity and Reactivity of a Mechanism-Based Inactivator of Glucocerebrosidase for Potential Therapeutic Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:10381-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201103924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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50
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Rempel BP, Tropak MB, Mahuran DJ, Withers SG. Tailoring the Specificity and Reactivity of a Mechanism-Based Inactivator of Glucocerebrosidase for Potential Therapeutic Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201103924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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