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Liu J, Zhu J, Yang R, Su C, Wang Z, Meng J, Luan Y. SlLTPg1, a tomato lipid transfer protein, positively regulates in response to biotic stresses. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135219. [PMID: 39216573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans (P. infestans), is among the most devastating diseases affecting tomato and other Solanaceae species. Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) represent a class of small, basic proteins that play a crucial role in combating biotic stresses. Previous studies have shown that SlLTPg1 most strongly responds after P. infestans infestation among the LTPs family in tomato. However, the function of SlLTPg1 in disease resistance remains unclear. Here, we constructed transient overexpression and VIGS-silenced plants of SlLTPg1. Our results revealed that SlLTPg1 plays a regulatory role in enhancing tomato resistance against P. infestans. This enhancement was attributed to the upregulation of defense-related genes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging genes, as well as increased enzymatic antioxidant activities. Importantly, we found that the SlLTPg1 protein significantly inhibited the growth of Fusarium oxysporum (F. oxysporum) by observing the zone of inhibition. Interestingly, we found smaller lesion diameters and upregulated expression levels of PR genes in transient overexpression SlLTPg1 of tobacco. Therefore, we further constructed transgenic tobacco lines of SlLTPg1, presenting evidence that overexpression of SlLTPg1 could positively regulate the resistance of tobacco to F. oxysporum. These findings revealed the role of SlLTPg1 in tomato resistance to P. infestans and tobacco resistance to F. oxysporum. Moreover, we propose SlLTPg1 as a potential candidate gene for augmenting broad-spectrum plant resistance against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jiaxuan Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ruirui Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Chenglin Su
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhicheng Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jun Meng
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yushi Luan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
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Zhan W, Cui L, Yang S, Zhang K, Zhang Y, Yang J. Natural variations of heterosis-related allele-specific expression genes in promoter regions lead to allele-specific expression in maize. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:476. [PMID: 38745122 PMCID: PMC11092226 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10395-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterosis has successfully enhanced maize productivity and quality. Although significant progress has been made in delineating the genetic basis of heterosis, the molecular mechanisms underlying its genetic components remain less explored. Allele-specific expression (ASE), the imbalanced expression between two parental alleles in hybrids, is increasingly being recognized as a factor contributing to heterosis. ASE is a complex process regulated by both epigenetic and genetic variations in response to developmental and environmental conditions. RESULTS In this study, we explored the differential characteristics of ASE by analyzing the transcriptome data of two maize hybrids and their parents under four light conditions. On the basis of allele expression patterns in different hybrids under various conditions, ASE genes were divided into three categories: bias-consistent genes involved in basal metabolic processes in a functionally complementary manner, bias-reversal genes adapting to the light environment, and bias-specific genes maintaining cell homeostasis. We observed that 758 ASE genes (ASEGs) were significantly overlapped with heterosis quantitative trait loci (QTLs), and high-frequency variations in the promoter regions of heterosis-related ASEGs were identified between parents. In addition, 10 heterosis-related ASEGs participating in yield heterosis were selected during domestication. CONCLUSIONS The comprehensive analysis of ASEGs offers a distinctive perspective on how light quality influences gene expression patterns and gene-environment interactions, with implications for the identification of heterosis-related ASEGs to enhance maize yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Zhan
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lianhua Cui
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Shuling Yang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Kangni Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yanpei Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Jianping Yang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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Yan LL, Mi J, Shen CC, Qian R, Wang J, Pu CX, Sun Y. OsCIP1, a secreted protein, binds to and stabilizes OsCR4 to promote aleurone layer development, seed germination and early seedling growth in rice. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 330:111637. [PMID: 36787850 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The receptor kinase CRINKLY 4 (CR4) and its orthologs are known for their essential roles in cell differentiation and their shuttling between plasma membrane and cytoplasmic vesicles, a unique feature tied to their extracellular domain. However, the extracellular regulators of CR4 have been little known. Here we identified an OsCR4 Interacting Protein 1 (OsCIP1) (also named as OsLTPL36 in rice) by a yeast two-hybrid screen using the extracellular domain of OsCR4 (OsCR4E) as bait. OsCIP1/OsLTPL36 harbors a signal peptide and is localized to the outer surface of the plasma membrane. It interacted with the TNFR subdomain of OsCR4, causing an increase in OsCR4 recycling to the plasma membrane. oscip1, in which OsCR4 protein was decreased, exhibited thinner aleurone layer, late germination and delayed growth; while OsCIP1-overexpressing plants, in which OsCR4 protein was increased, displayed enhanced growth at the early seedling stage. OsCIP1 was cleaved between W61 and Q62, and the resulting C-terminal half exhibited a greater affinity for OsCR4E than did its precursor. Abolishing this cleavage site compromises OsCIP1's ability to promote seedling growth. Our results provide valuable clues for the regulation of CR4 activity and its functions in aleurone layer cell differentiation by a secreted small protein in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Yan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology; Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation; Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Jing Mi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology; Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation; Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Can-Can Shen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology; Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation; Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Rong Qian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology; Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation; Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Jiao Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology; Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation; Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Cui-Xia Pu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology; Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation; Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Ying Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology; Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation; Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, China.
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A Systematic Investigation of Lipid Transfer Proteins Involved in Male Fertility and Other Biological Processes in Maize. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021660. [PMID: 36675174 PMCID: PMC9864150 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) play essential roles in various biological processes, including anther and pollen development, vegetative organ development, seed development and germination, and stress response, but the research progress varies greatly among Arabidopsis, rice and maize. Here, we presented a preliminary introduction and characterization of the whole 65 LTP genes in maize, and performed a phylogenetic tree and gene ontology analysis of the LTP family members in maize. We compared the research progresses of the reported LTP genes involved in male fertility and other biological processes in Arabidopsis and rice, and thus provided some implications for their maize orthologs, which will provide useful clues for the investigation of LTP transporters in maize. We predicted the functions of LTP genes based on bioinformatic analyses of their spatiotemporal expression patterns by using RNA-seq and qRT-PCR assays. Finally, we discussed the advances and challenges in substrate identification of plant LTPs, and presented the future research directions of LTPs in plants. This study provides a basic framework for functional research and the potential application of LTPs in multiple plants, especially for male sterility research and application in maize.
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Shang K, Xu Y, Cao W, Xie X, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Liu H, Zhou S, Zhu X, Zhu C. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) non-specific lipid transfer protein StLTP6 promotes viral infection by inhibiting virus-induced RNA silencing. PLANTA 2022; 256:54. [PMID: 35927530 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03948-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
For the first time it is reported that members of the nsLTP protein family could promote viral infection by inhibiting virus-induced RNA silencing. Non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) are a class of soluble proteins with low relative molecular weight and widely present in higher plants. The role of nsLTPs in biotic and abiotic stresses has been studied, but no report has shown that nsLTPs play a role in the process of viral infection. We report the function and mechanism of the classical nsLTP protein StLTP6 in viral infection. We found that StLTP6 expression was remarkably upregulated in potato infected with potato virus Y and potato virus S. The infection efficiency and virus content of StLTP6-overexpressed potato and Nicotiana benthamiana were remarkable increased. Further study found that the overexpression of StLTP6 inhibited the expression of multiple genes in the RNA silencing pathway, thereby inhibiting virus-induced RNA silencing. This result indicated that StLTP6 expression was induced during viral infection to inhibit the resistance of virus-induced RNA silencing and promote viral infection. In summary, we reported the role of StLTP6 in viral infection, broadening the biological function range of the nsLTP family and providing valuable information for the study of viral infection mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijie Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Weilin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoying Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yanru Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Jingfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Shumei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Changxiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
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Zhu L, Yang Q, Yu X, Fu X, Jin H, Yuan F. Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal a Potential Mechanism to Improve Soybean Resistance to Anthracnose. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:850829. [PMID: 35574068 PMCID: PMC9094087 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.850829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum truncatum, leads to large-scale reduction in quality and yield in soybean production. Limited information is available regarding the molecular mechanisms of resistance to anthracnose in soybean. We conducted a transcriptomic and targeted metabolomic analysis of pods from two soybean lines, "Zhechun No. 3" (ZC3) and ZC-2, in response to C. truncatum infection. Factors contributing to the enhanced resistance of ZC-2 to anthracnose compared with that of ZC3, included signal transduction (jasmonic acid, auxin, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and Ca2+ signaling), transcription factors (WRKY and bHLH), resistance genes (PTI1, RPP13, RGA2, RPS6, and ULP2B), pathogenesis-related genes (chitinase and lipid transfer protein), and terpenoid metabolism. Targeted metabolomic analysis revealed that terpenoid metabolism responded more promptly and more intensely to C. truncatum infection in ZC-2 than in ZC3. In vitro antifungal activity and resistance induction test confirmed that jasmonic acid, auxin signaling and terpenoids played important roles in soybean resistance to anthracnose. This research is the first study to explore the molecular mechanisms of soybean resistance to anthracnose. The findings are important for in-depth analysis of molecular resistance mechanisms, discovery of resistance genes, and to expedite the breeding of anthracnose-resistant soybean cultivars.
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Missaoui K, Gonzalez-Klein Z, Pazos-Castro D, Hernandez-Ramirez G, Garrido-Arandia M, Brini F, Diaz-Perales A, Tome-Amat J. Plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins: An overview. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 171:115-127. [PMID: 34992048 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) are usually defined as small, basic proteins, with a wide distribution in all orders of higher plants. Structurally, nsLTPs contain a conserved motif of eight cysteines, linked by four disulphide bonds, and a hydrophobic cavity in which the ligand is housed. This structure confers stability and enhances the ability to bind and transport a variety of hydrophobic molecules. Their highly conserved structural resemblance but low sequence identity reflects the wide variety of ligands they can carry, as well as the broad biological functions to which they are linked to, such as membrane stabilization, cell wall organization and signal transduction. In addition, they have also been described as essential in resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, plant growth and development, seed development, and germination. Hence, there is growing interest in this family of proteins for their critical roles in plant development and for the many unresolved questions that need to be clarified, regarding their subcellular localization, transfer capacity, expression profile, biological function, and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khawla Missaoui
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Improvement, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Zulema Gonzalez-Klein
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Spain
| | - Diego Pazos-Castro
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Spain
| | - Guadalupe Hernandez-Ramirez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Spain
| | - Maria Garrido-Arandia
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Spain
| | - Faical Brini
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Improvement, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Araceli Diaz-Perales
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Spain
| | - Jaime Tome-Amat
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Spain.
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Xu Y, Shang K, Wang C, Yu Z, Zhao X, Song Y, Meng F, Zhu C. WIPK-NtLTP4 pathway confers resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum in tobacco. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:249-261. [PMID: 34697685 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02808-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE WIPK-NtLTP4 module improves the resistance to R. solanacearum via upregulating the expression of defense-related genes, increasing the antioxidant enzyme activity, and promoting stomatal closure in tobacco. Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are a class of small lipid binding proteins that play important roles in biotic and abiotic stresses. The previous study revealed that NtLTP4 positively regulates salt and drought stresses in Nicotiana tabacum. However, the role of NtLTP4 in biotic stress, especially regarding its function in disease resistance remains unclear. Here, the critical role of NtLTP4 in regulating resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum (R. solanacearum), a causal agent of bacterial wilt disease in tobacco, was reported. The NtLTP4-overexpressing lines markedly improved the resistance to R. solanacearum by upregulating the expression of defense-related genes, increasing the antioxidant enzyme activity, and promoting stomatal closure. Moreover, NtLTP4 interacted with wound-induced protein kinase (WIPK; a homolog of MAPK3 in tobacco) and acted in a genetically epistatic manner to WIPK in planta. WIPK could directly phosphorylate NtLTP4 to positively regulate its protein abundance. Taken together, these results broaden the knowledge about the functions of the WIPK-NtLTP4 module in disease resistance and may provide valuable information for improving tobacco plant tolerance to R. solanacearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266100, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaijie Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zipeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuechen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunzhi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanxiao Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Changxiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Chiu LY, Chen IH, Hsu YH, Tsai CH. The Lipid Transfer Protein 1 from Nicotiana benthamiana Assists Bamboo mosaic virus Accumulation. Viruses 2020; 12:E1361. [PMID: 33261222 PMCID: PMC7760991 DOI: 10.3390/v12121361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Host factors play a pivotal role in regulating virus infection. Uncovering the mechanism of how host factors are involved in virus infection could pave the way to defeat viral disease. In this study, we characterized a lipid transfer protein, designated NbLTP1 in Nicotiana benthamiana, which was downregulated after Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV) inoculation. BaMV accumulation significantly decreased in NbLTP1-knockdown leaves and protoplasts compared with the controls. The subcellular localization of the NbLTP1-orange fluorescent protein (OFP) was mainly the extracellular matrix. However, when we removed the signal peptide (NbLTP1/ΔSP-OFP), most of the expressed protein targeted chloroplasts. Both NbLTP1-OFP and NbLTP1/ΔSP-OFP were localized in chloroplasts when we removed the cell wall. These results suggest that NbLTP1 may have a secondary targeting signal. Transient overexpression of NbLTP1 had no effect on BaMV accumulation, but that of NbLTP1/ΔSP significantly increased BaMV expression. NbLTP1 may be a positive regulator of BaMV accumulation especially when its expression is associated with chloroplasts, where BaMV replicates. The mutation was introduced to the predicted phosphorylation site to simulate the phosphorylated status, NbLTP/ΔSP/P(+), which could still assist BaMV accumulation. By contrast, a mutant lacking calmodulin-binding or simulates the phosphorylation-negative status could not support BaMV accumulation. The lipid-binding activity of LTP1 was reported to be associated with calmodulin-binding and phosphorylation, by which the C-terminus functional domain of NbLTP1 may play a critical role in BaMV accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ying Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (L.-Y.C.); (I.-H.C.); (Y.-H.H.)
| | - I-Hsuan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (L.-Y.C.); (I.-H.C.); (Y.-H.H.)
| | - Yau-Heiu Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (L.-Y.C.); (I.-H.C.); (Y.-H.H.)
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsiu Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (L.-Y.C.); (I.-H.C.); (Y.-H.H.)
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Rojas M, Jimenez-Bremont F, Villicaña C, Carreón-Palau L, Arredondo-Vega BO, Gómez-Anduro G. Involvement of OpsLTP1 from Opuntia streptacantha in abiotic stress adaptation and lipid metabolism. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2019; 46:816-829. [PMID: 31138396 DOI: 10.1071/fp18280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) exhibit the ability to transfer lipids between membranes in vitro, and have been implicated in diverse physiological processes associated to plant growth, reproduction, development, biotic and abiotic stress responses. However, their mode of action is not yet fully understood. To explore the functions of the OpsLTP1 gene encoding a LTP from cactus pear Opuntia streptacantha Lem., we generated transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. plants to overexpress OpsLTP1 and contrasted our results with the loss-of-function mutant ltp3 from A. thaliana under abiotic stress conditions. The ltp3 mutant seeds showed impaired germination under salt and osmotic treatments, in contrast to OpsLTP1 overexpressing lines that displayed significant increases in germination rate. Moreover, stress recovery assays showed that ltp3 mutant seedlings were more sensitive to salt and osmotic treatments than wild-type plants suggesting that AtLTP3 is required for stress-induced responses, while the OpsLTP1 overexpressing line showed no significant differences. In addition, OpsLTP1 overexpressing and ltp3 mutant seeds stored lower amount of total lipids compared with wild-type seeds, showing changes primarily on 16C and 18C fatty acids. However, ltp3 mutant also lead changes in lipid profile and no over concrete lipids which may suggest a compensatory activation of other LTPs. Interestingly, linoleic acid (18:2ω6) was consistently increased in neutral, galactoglycerolipids and phosphoglycerolipids of OpsLTP1 overexpressing line indicating a role of OpsLTP1 in the modulation of lipid composition in A. thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Rojas
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Apdo, Postal 128, 23096 La Paz, B.C.S., México
| | - Francisco Jimenez-Bremont
- Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica. Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Col. Lomas 4 sección CP. 78216, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., México
| | - Claudia Villicaña
- CONACYT-Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A. C. Carretera a Eldorado Km. 5.5, Apartado Postal 32-A. C. P. 80110, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
| | - Laura Carreón-Palau
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Apdo, Postal 128, 23096 La Paz, B.C.S., México
| | - Bertha Olivia Arredondo-Vega
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Apdo, Postal 128, 23096 La Paz, B.C.S., México
| | - Gracia Gómez-Anduro
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Apdo, Postal 128, 23096 La Paz, B.C.S., México; and Corresponding author.
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11
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Nawrot R, Józefiak D, Sip A, Kuźma D, Musidlak O, Goździcka-Józefiak A. Isolation and characterization of a non-specific lipid transfer protein from Chelidonium majus L. latex. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 104:554-563. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Salminen TA, Blomqvist K, Edqvist J. Lipid transfer proteins: classification, nomenclature, structure, and function. PLANTA 2016; 244:971-997. [PMID: 27562524 PMCID: PMC5052319 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2585-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The non-specific lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) constitute a large protein family found in all land plants. They are small proteins characterized by a tunnel-like hydrophobic cavity, which makes them suitable for binding and transporting various lipids. The LTPs are abundantly expressed in most tissues. In general, they are synthesized with an N-terminal signal peptide that localizes the protein to spaces exterior to the plasma membrane. The in vivo functions of LTPs are still disputed, although evidence has accumulated for a role in the synthesis of lipid barrier polymers, such as cuticular waxes, suberin, and sporopollenin. There are also reports suggesting that LTPs are involved in signaling during pathogen attacks. LTPs are considered as key proteins for the plant's survival and colonization of land. In this review, we aim to present an overview of the current status of LTP research and also to discuss potential future applications of these proteins. We update the knowledge on 3D structures and lipid binding and review the most recent data from functional investigations, such as from knockout or overexpressing experiments. We also propose and argument for a novel system for the classification and naming of the LTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiina A Salminen
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Johan Edqvist
- IFM, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden.
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Jülke S, Ludwig-Müller J. Response of Arabidopsis thaliana Roots with Altered Lipid Transfer Protein (LTP) Gene Expression to the Clubroot Disease and Salt Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2015; 5:E2. [PMID: 27135222 PMCID: PMC4844412 DOI: 10.3390/plants5010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The clubroot disease of Brassicaceae is caused by the obligate biotrophic protist Plasmodiophora brassicae. The disease is characterized by abnormal tumorous swellings of infected roots that result in reduced drought resistance and insufficient distribution of nutrients, leading to reduced crop yield. It is one of the most damaging diseases among cruciferous crops worldwide. The acquisition of nutrients by the protist is not well understood. Gene expression profiles in Arabidopsis thaliana clubroots indicate that lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) could be involved in disease development or at least in adaptation to the disease symptoms. Therefore, the aim of the study was to examine the role of some, of the still enigmatic LTPs during clubroot development. For a functional approach, we have generated transgenic plants that overexpress LTP genes in a root specific manner or show reduced LTP gene expression. Our results showed that overexpression of some of the LTP genes resulted in reduced disease severity whereas the lipid content in clubs of LTP mutants seems to be unaffected. Additional studies indicate a role for some LTPs during salt stress conditions in roots of A. thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Jülke
- Institut für Botanik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany.
| | - Jutta Ludwig-Müller
- Institut für Botanik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany.
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14
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Wei K, Zhong X. Non-specific lipid transfer proteins in maize. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:281. [PMID: 25348423 PMCID: PMC4226865 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-014-0281-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In plant, non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) are small, basic proteins that have been reported to be involved in numerous biological processes such as transfer of phospholipids, reproductive development, pathogen defence and abiotic stress response. To date, only a tiny fraction of plant nsLTPs have been functionally identified, and even fewer have been identified in maize [Zea mays (Zm)]. RESULTS In this study, we carried out a genome-wide analysis of nsLTP gene family in maize and identified 63 nsLTP genes, which can be divided into five types (1, 2, C, D and G). Similar intron/exon structural patterns were observed in the same type, strongly supporting their close evolutionary relationship. Gene duplication analysis indicated that both tandem and segmental duplication contribute to the diversification of this gene family. Additionally, the three-dimensional structures of representative nsLTPs were studied with homology modeling to understand their molecular functions. Gene ontology analysis was performed to obtain clues about biological function of the maize nsLTPs (ZmLTPs). The analyses of putative upstream regulatory elements showed both shared and distinct transcriptional regulation motifs of ZmLTPs, further indicating that ZmLTPs may play roles in diverse biological processes. The dynamic expression patterns of ZmLTPs family across the different developmental stages showed that several of them exhibit tissue-specific expression, indicative of their important roles in maize life cycle. Furthermore, we focused on the roles of maize nsLTPs in biotic and abiotic stress responses. Our analyses demonstrated that some ZmLTPs exhibited a delayed expression pattern after the infection of Ustilago maydis and differentially expressed under drought, salt and cold stresses, and these may be a great help for further studies to improve the stress resistance and tolerance in maize breeding. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide new insights into the phylogenetic relationships and characteristic functions of maize nsLTPs and will be useful in studies aimed at revealing the global regulatory network in maize development and stress responses, thereby contributing to the maize molecular breeding with enhanced quality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifa Wei
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000 China
| | - Xiaojun Zhong
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000 China
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15
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Wang F, Zang XS, Kabir MR, Liu KL, Liu ZS, Ni ZF, Yao YY, Hu ZR, Sun QX, Peng HR. A wheat lipid transfer protein 3 could enhance the basal thermotolerance and oxidative stress resistance of Arabidopsis. Gene 2014; 550:18-26. [PMID: 25106859 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the major grain crops, and heat stress adversely affects wheat production in many regions of the world. Previously, we found a heat-responsive gene named Lipid Transfer Protein 3 (TaLTP3) in wheat. TaLTP3 was deduced to be regulated by cold, ABA, MeJA, Auxin and oxidative stress according to cis-acting motifs in its promoter sequences. In this study, we show that TaLTP3 is responsive to prolonged water deficit, salt or ABA treatment in wheat seedlings. Also, TaLTP3 accumulation was observed after the plant suffered from heat stress both at the seedling and the grain-filling stages. TaLTP3 protein was localized in the cell membrane and cytoplasm of tobacco epidermal cells. Overexpression of TaLTP3 in yeast imparted tolerance to heat stress compared to cells expressing the vector alone. Most importantly, transgenic Arabidopsis plants engineered to overexpress TaLTP3 showed higher thermotolerance than control plants at the seedling stage. Further investigation indicated that transgenic lines decreased H₂O₂ accumulation and membrane injury under heat stress. Taken together, our results demonstrate that TaLTP3 confers heat stress tolerance possibly through reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xin-shan Zang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Muhammad Rezaul Kabir
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ke-lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Zhen-shan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Zhong-fu Ni
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ying-yin Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Zhao-rong Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Qi-xin Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Hui-ru Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), Beijing 100193, China.
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Edstam MM, Viitanen L, Salminen TA, Edqvist J. Evolutionary history of the non-specific lipid transfer proteins. MOLECULAR PLANT 2011; 4:947-64. [PMID: 21486996 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssr019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) are small, basic proteins characterized by a tunnel-like hydrophobic cavity, capable of transferring various lipid molecules between lipid bilayers. Most nsLTPs are synthesized with an N-terminal signal peptide that localizes the protein to the apoplastic space. The nsLTPs have only been identified in seed plants, where they are encoded by large gene families. We have initiated an analysis of the evolutionary history of the nsLTP family using genomic and EST information from non-seed land plants and green algae to determine: (1) when the nsLTP family arose, (2) how often new nsLTP subfamilies have been created, and (3) how subfamilies differ in their patterns of expansion and loss in different plant lineages. In this study, we searched sequence databases and found that genes and transcripts encoding nsLTPs are abundant in liverworts, mosses, and all other investigated land plants, but not present in any algae. The tertiary structures of representative liverwort and moss nsLTPs were further studied with homology modeling. The results indicate that the nsLTP family has evolved after plants conquered land. Only two of the four major subfamilies of nsLTPs found in flowering plants are present in mosses and liverworts. The additional subfamilies have arisen later, during land plant evolution. In this report, we also introduce a modified nsLTP classification system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika M Edstam
- IFM Molecular Genetics, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
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