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Hébert-Mercier PO, Bergeron F, Robert NM, Mehanovic S, Pierre KJ, Mendoza-Villarroel RE, de Mattos K, Brousseau C, Tremblay JJ. Growth Hormone-induced STAT5B Regulates Star Gene Expression Through a Cooperation With cJUN in Mouse MA-10 Leydig Cells. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6490116. [PMID: 34967898 PMCID: PMC8765792 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Leydig cells produce androgens that are essential for male sex differentiation and reproductive function. Leydig cell function is regulated by several hormones and signaling molecules, including growth hormone (GH). Although GH is known to upregulate Star gene expression in Leydig cells, its molecular mechanism of action remains unknown. The STAT5B transcription factor is a downstream effector of GH signaling in other systems. While STAT5B is present in both primary and Leydig cell lines, its function in these cells has yet to be ascertained. Here we report that treatment of MA-10 Leydig cells with GH or overexpression of STAT5B induces Star messenger RNA levels and increases steroid hormone output. The mouse Star promoter contains a consensus STAT5B element (TTCnnnGAA) at -756 bp to which STAT5B binds in vitro (electrophoretic mobility shift assay and supershift) and in vivo (chromatin immunoprecipitation) in a GH-induced manner. In functional promoter assays, STAT5B was found to activate a -980 bp mouse Star reporter. Mutating the -756 bp element prevented STAT5B binding but did not abrogate STAT5B-responsiveness. STAT5B was found to functionally cooperate with DNA-bound cJUN. The STAT5B/cJUN cooperation was only observed in Leydig cells and not in Sertoli or fibroblast cells, indicating that additional Leydig cell-enriched transcription factors are required. The STAT5B/cJUN cooperation was lost only when both STAT5B and cJUN elements were mutated. In addition to identifying the Star gene as a novel target for STAT5B in Leydig cells, our data provide important new insights into the mechanism of GH and STAT5B action in the regulation of Leydig cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Olivier Hébert-Mercier
- Reproduction, Mother and Child Health, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec – Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Francis Bergeron
- Reproduction, Mother and Child Health, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec – Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Nicholas M Robert
- Reproduction, Mother and Child Health, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec – Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Samir Mehanovic
- Reproduction, Mother and Child Health, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec – Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Kenley Joule Pierre
- Reproduction, Mother and Child Health, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec – Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Raifish E Mendoza-Villarroel
- Reproduction, Mother and Child Health, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec – Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Karine de Mattos
- Reproduction, Mother and Child Health, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec – Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Catherine Brousseau
- Reproduction, Mother and Child Health, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec – Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Jacques J Tremblay
- Reproduction, Mother and Child Health, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec – Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Correspondence: Jacques J. Tremblay, PhD, Reproduction, Mother and Child Health, Room T3-67, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec – Université Laval CHUL, 2705 Laurier Blvd, Québec City, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
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The Complexity of FGF23 Effects on Cardiomyocytes in Normal and Uremic Milieu. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051266. [PMID: 34065339 PMCID: PMC8161087 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) appears to be one of the most promising biomarkers and predictors of cardiovascular risk in patients with heart disease and normal kidney function, but moreover in those with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This review summarizes the current knowledge of FGF23 mechanisms of action in the myocardium in the physiological and pathophysiological state of CKD, as well as its cross-talk to other important signaling pathways in cardiomyocytes. In this regard, current therapeutic possibilities and future perspectives are also discussed.
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FGF23-Mediated Activation of Local RAAS Promotes Cardiac Hypertrophy and Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184634. [PMID: 31540546 PMCID: PMC6770314 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are prone to developing cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, which is associated with increased fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) serum levels. Elevated circulating FGF23 was shown to induce left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) via the calcineurin/NFAT pathway and contributed to cardiac fibrosis by stimulation of profibrotic factors. We hypothesized that FGF23 may also stimulate the local renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) in the heart, thereby further promoting the progression of FGF23-mediated cardiac pathologies. We evaluated LVH and fibrosis in association with cardiac FGF23 and activation of RAAS in heart tissue of 5/6 nephrectomized (5/6Nx) rats compared to sham-operated animals followed by in vitro studies with isolated neonatal rat ventricular myocytes and fibroblast (NRVM, NRCF), respectively. Uremic rats showed enhanced cardiomyocyte size and cardiac fibrosis compared with sham. The cardiac expression of Fgf23 and RAAS genes were increased in 5/6Nx rats and correlated with the degree of cardiac fibrosis. In NRVM and NRCF, FGF23 stimulated the expression of RAAS genes and induced Ngal indicating mineralocorticoid receptor activation. The FGF23-mediated hypertrophic growth of NRVM and induction of NFAT target genes were attenuated by cyclosporine A, losartan and spironolactone. In NRCF, FGF23 induced Tgfb and Ctgf, which were suppressed by losartan and spironolactone, only. Our data suggest that FGF23-mediated activation of local RAAS in the heart promotes cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis.
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Xu X, Xu H, Qimuge A, Liu S, Wang H, Hu M, Song L. MAPK/AP-1 pathway activation mediates AT1R upregulation and vascular endothelial cells dysfunction under PM2.5 exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 170:188-194. [PMID: 30529618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Acute and chronic exposure to particulate matter (PM) 2.5 is associated with adverse health effect upon the cardiovascular (CV) system. However, the molecular mechanism by which PM2.5 evokes CV injuries has not been fully clarified. In our recent report, we demonstrate that exposure to PM2.5 leads to elevation of circulating angiotensin II (ANGII) levels and local expressions of angiotensinogen (AGT, the precursor of ANGII), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and ANGII type 1 receptor (AT1R) in the vascular endothelial cells, which subsequently instigates the oxidative stress and proinflammatory response in the vascular endothelium. In the present study, we disclosed that PM2.5 exposure induced the activation of the transcriptional factor AP-1 and its components, c-Jun and ATF2, in the human vascular endothelial cells. Although the DNA-binding sites for AP-1 were identified within the promoter regions of AGT, ACE and AT1R genes, RT-PCR and immunoblot assays indicated that AP-1 transactivation was only involved in AT1R upregulation, but did not affect the induction of AGT and ACE expression under the same conditions. Furthermore, ERKs and p38K functioned as the upstream protein kinases involving in AP-1 transactivation and AT1R upregulation under PM2.5 stimulation. In addition, the oxidative stress and proinflammatory responses in the PM2.5-treated vascular endothelial cells were significantly reduced when MAPKs and AP-1 activation were inhibited. Therefore, we conclude that PM2.5 exposure induces MAPK/AP-1 cascade activation, which contributes to AT1R upregulation and vascular endothelial dysfunction. Identifying novel therapeutic targets to alleviate AP-1 transactivation and restore AT1R expression may be helpful for the management of PM2.5-induced CV burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuduan Xu
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Beijing Institute of Brain Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China; Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Huan Xu
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Beijing Institute of Brain Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China; Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Aodeng Qimuge
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Beijing Institute of Brain Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China; Department of New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Shasha Liu
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Beijing Institute of Brain Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Hongli Wang
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Beijing Institute of Brain Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine, Henan University, 357 Ximen Road, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Meiru Hu
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Beijing Institute of Brain Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Lun Song
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Beijing Institute of Brain Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China; Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, PR China; Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, PR China.
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Xu X, Qimuge A, Wang H, Xing C, Gu Y, Liu S, Xu H, Hu M, Song L. IRE1α/XBP1s branch of UPR links HIF1α activation to mediate ANGII-dependent endothelial dysfunction under particulate matter (PM) 2.5 exposure. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13507. [PMID: 29044123 PMCID: PMC5647447 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13156-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Short- and long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) 2.5 instigates adverse health effect upon the cardiovascular (CV) system. Disclosing the molecular events by which PM2.5 evokes CV injuries is essential in developing effective risk-reduction strategy. Here we found that rats after intratracheally instillation with PM2.5 displayed increased circulating level of ANGII, the major bioactive peptide in renin-angiotensin-system (RAS), which resulted from the elevation of ANGII production in the vascular endothelium. Further investigations demonstrated that activation of IRE1α/XBP1s branch of unfolded protein response (UPR) was essential for augmented vascular ANGII signaling in response to PM2.5 exposure, whose effects strictly depends on the assembly of XBP1s/HIF1α transcriptional complex. Moreover, ablation of IRE1/XBP1/HIFα-dependent ACE/ANGII/AT1R axis activation inhibited oxidative stress and proinflammatory response in the vascular endothelial cells induced by PM2.5. Therefore, we conclude that PM2.5 exposure instigates endoplasmic reticulum instability, leading to the induction of IRE1α/XBP1s branch of UPR and links HIF1α transactivation to mediate ANGII-dependent endothelial dysfunction. Identifying novel therapeutic targets to alleviate ER stress and restore local RAS homeostasis in the endothelium may be helpful for the management of PM2.5-induced CV burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuduan Xu
- Department of Stress Medicine, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China.,Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, P. R. China.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chinese PLA, 21 General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Aodeng Qimuge
- Department of Stress Medicine, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China.,Department of New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Hongli Wang
- Department of Stress Medicine, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine, Henan University, 357 Ximen Road, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Chen Xing
- Department of Stress Medicine, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Ye Gu
- Department of Stress Medicine, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Shasha Liu
- Department of Stress Medicine, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Huan Xu
- Department of Stress Medicine, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China.,Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, P. R. China
| | - Meiru Hu
- Department of Stress Medicine, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Lun Song
- Department of Stress Medicine, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China. .,Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, P. R. China. .,Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, P. R. China.
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Xu X, Liu S, Aodengqimuge, Wang H, Hu M, Xing C, Song L. Arsenite Induces Vascular Endothelial Cell Dysfunction by Activating IRE1α/XBP1s/HIF1α-Dependent ANGII Signaling. Toxicol Sci 2017; 160:315-328. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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7
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Chemical and Hormonal Effects on STAT5b-Dependent Sexual Dimorphism of the Liver Transcriptome. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150284. [PMID: 26959237 PMCID: PMC4784907 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth hormone (GH)-activated transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 5b (STAT5b) is a key regulator of sexually dimorphic gene expression in the liver. Suppression of hepatic STAT5b signaling is associated with lipid metabolic dysfunction leading to steatosis and liver cancer. In the companion publication, a STAT5b biomarker gene set was identified and used in a rank-based test to predict both increases and decreases in liver STAT5b activation status/function with high (≥ 97%) accuracy. Here, this computational approach was used to identify chemicals and hormones that activate (masculinize) or suppress (feminize) STAT5b function in a large, annotated mouse liver and primary hepatocyte gene expression compendium. Exposure to dihydrotestosterone and thyroid hormone caused liver masculinization, whereas glucocorticoids, fibroblast growth factor 15, and angiotensin II caused liver feminization. In mouse models of diabetes and obesity, liver feminization was consistently observed and was at least partially reversed by leptin or resveratrol exposure. Chemical-induced feminization of male mouse liver gene expression profiles was a relatively frequent phenomenon: of 156 gene expression biosets from chemically-treated male mice, 29% showed feminization of liver STAT5b function, while <1% showed masculinization. Most (93%) of the biosets that exhibited feminization of male liver were also associated with activation of one or more xenobiotic-responsive receptors, most commonly constitutive activated receptor (CAR) or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα). Feminization was consistently associated with increased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparg) but not other lipogenic transcription factors linked to steatosis. GH-activated STAT5b signaling in mouse liver is thus commonly altered by diverse chemicals, and provides a linkage between chemical exposure and dysregulated gene expression associated with adverse effects on the liver.
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Sehgal PB, Yang YM, Yuan H, Miller EJ. STAT5a/b contribute to sex bias in vascular disease: A neuroendocrine perspective. JAKSTAT 2015; 4:1-20. [PMID: 27141328 DOI: 10.1080/21623996.2015.1090658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have elucidated a neuroendocrine mechanism consisting of the hypothalamus (growth hormone releasing hormone, GHRH) - pituitary (growth hormone, GH) - STAT5a/b axis that underlies sex-biased gene expression in the liver. It is now established that male vs female patterned secretion of GHRH, and thus of circulating GH levels ("pulsatile" vs "more continuous" respectively), leading to differently patterned activation of PY-STAT5a/b in hepatocytes results in sex-biased gene expression of cohorts of hundreds of downstream genes. This review outlines new data in support of a STAT5a/b-based mechanism of sex bias in the vascular disease pulmonary hypertension (PH). Puzzling observations in PH include its 2-4-fold higher prevalence in women but a male-dominance in many rodent models, and, paradoxically, inhibition of PH development by estrogens in such models. We observed that conditional deletion of STAT5a/b in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) in mice converted the male-dominant model of chronic hypoxia-induced PH into a female-dominant phenotype. In human idiopathic PH, there was reduced STAT5a/b and PY-STAT5 in cells in late-stage obliterative pulmonary arterial lesions in both men and women. A juxtaposition of the prior liver data with the newer PH-related data drew attention to the hypothalamus-GH-STAT5 axis, which is the major target of estrogens at the level of the hypothalamus. This hypothesis explains many of the puzzling aspects of sex bias in PH in humans and rodent models. The extension of STAT5-anchored mechanisms of sex bias to vascular disease emphasizes the contribution of central neuroendocrine processes in generating sexual dimorphism in different tissues and cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin B Sehgal
- Departments of Cell Biology & Anatomy; New York Medical College; Valhalla, NY USA; Department of Medicine; New York Medical College; Valhalla, NY USA
| | - Yang-Ming Yang
- Departments of Cell Biology & Anatomy; New York Medical College ; Valhalla, NY USA
| | - Huijuan Yuan
- Departments of Cell Biology & Anatomy; New York Medical College ; Valhalla, NY USA
| | - Edmund J Miller
- Center for Heart and Lung Research; The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research ; Manhasset, NY USA
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A possible mechanism for the progression of chronic renal disease and congestive heart failure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 9:54-63. [PMID: 25539896 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2014.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic neurologic diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as various forms of chronic renal disease and systolic congestive heart failure, are among the most common progressive degenerative disorders encountered in medicine. Each disease follows a nearly relentless course, albeit at varying rates, driven by progressive cell dysfunction and drop-out. The neurologic diseases are characterized by the progressive spread of disease-causing proteins (prion-like proteins) from cell to cell. Recent evidence indicates that cell autonomous renin angiotensin systems operate in heart and kidney, and it is known that functional intracrine proteins can also spread between cells. This then suggests that certain progressive degenerative cardiovascular disorders such as forms of chronic renal insufficiency and systolic congestive heart failure result from dysfunctional renin angiotensin system intracrine action spreading in kidney or myocardium.
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Bian J, Li B, Zeng X, Hu H, Hong Y, Ouyang H, Zhang X, Wang Z, Zhu H, Lei P, Huang B, Shen G. Mutation of TGF-β receptor II facilitates human bladder cancer progression through altered TGF-β1 signaling pathway. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:1549-59. [PMID: 23970096 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells commonly adapt survival strategies by downregulation or mutational inactivation of TGF-β receptors thereby reversing TGF-β1-mediated growth arrest. However, TGF-β1-triggered signaling also has a protumor effect through promotion of tumor cell migration. The mechanism(s) through which malignant cells reconcile this conflict by avoiding growth arrest, but strengthening migration remains largely unclear. TGF-βRII was overexpressed in the bladder cancer cell line T24, concomitant with point mutations, especially the Glu269 to Lys mutation (G → A). Whilst leaving Smad2/3 binding unaffected, TGF-βRII mutations resulted in the unaffected tumor cell growth and also enhanced cell mobility by TGF-β1 engagement. Such phenomena are perhaps partially explained by the mutated TGF-βRII pathway deregulating the p15 and Cdc25A genes that are important to cell proliferation and CUTL1 gene relevant to motility. On the other hand, transfecting recombinant TGF-βRII-Fc vectors or smad2/3 siRNA blocked such abnormal gene expressions. Clinically, such G → A mutations were also found in 18 patients (n=46) with bladder cancer. Comparing the clinical and pathologic characteristics, the pathologic T category (χ2 trend = 7.404, P<0.01) and tumor grade (χ2 trend = 9.127, P<0.01) tended to increase in the G → A mutated group (TGF-βRII point-mutated group). These findings provide new insights into how TGF-β1 signaling is tailored during tumorigenesis and new information into the current TGF-β1-based therapeutic strategies, especially in bladder cancer patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Bian
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
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Shi JH, Zheng B, Chen S, Ma GY, Wen JK. Retinoic acid receptor α mediates all-trans-retinoic acid-induced Klf4 gene expression by regulating Klf4 promoter activity in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:10799-811. [PMID: 22337869 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.321836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) plays a critical role in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) differentiation induced by all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA). Although it has been demonstrated that ATRA stimulation augments both KLF4 protein and mRNA levels in VSMCs, the molecular mechanisms by which ATRA regulates Klf4 transcription are unknown. In this study, we examined the roles of ATRA-selective nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARs) in the transcriptional regulation of Klf4. The introduction of small interfering RNA and an RAR antagonist demonstrated that RARα, but not RARβ or RARγ, mediated ATRA-induced Klf4 expression. A luciferase assay for the Klf4 promoter showed that three GC boxes in the proximal Klf4 promoter were indispensible for ATRA-induced Klf4 transcription and that RARα enhanced Klf4 promoter activity in a GC box-dependent manner. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation and oligonucleotide pulldown assays demonstrated that the transcription factors KLF4, Sp1, and YB1 directly bound to the GC boxes of the proximal Klf4 promoter. Upon RARα agonist stimulation, RARα was recruited to the Klf4 promoter through its interaction with KLF4, Sp1, and YB1 to form a transcriptional activation complex on the three GC boxes of the Klf4 promoter. These results suggest that RARα serves as an essential co-activator for ATRA signaling and that the recruitment of RARα to the KLF4-Sp1-YB1 complex, which leads to Klf4 expression in VSMCs, is independent of a retinoic acid response element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-hong Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Key Laboratory of Neurobiology and Vascular Biology, China
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12
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Zheng B, Han M, Shu YN, Li YJ, Miao SB, Zhang XH, Shi HJ, Zhang T, Wen JK. HDAC2 phosphorylation-dependent Klf5 deacetylation and RARα acetylation induced by RAR agonist switch the transcription regulatory programs of p21 in VSMCs. Cell Res 2011; 21:1487-508. [PMID: 21383775 PMCID: PMC3193446 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2011.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Revised: 12/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) occurs in hypertension, atherosclerosis and restenosis after angioplasty, leading to pathophysiological vascular remodeling. As an important growth arrest gene, p21 plays critical roles in vascular remodeling. Regulation of p21 expression by retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and its ligand has important implications for control of pathological vascular remodeling. Nevertheless, the mechanism of RAR-mediated p21 expression in VSMCs remains poorly understood. Here, we show that, under basal conditions, RARα forms a complex with histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) and Krüppel-like factor 5 (Klf5) at the p21 promoter to inhibit its expression. Upon RARα agonist stimulation, HDAC2 is phosphorylated by CK2α. Phosphorylation of HDAC2, on the one hand, promotes its dissociation from RARα, thus allowing the liganded-RARα to interact with co-activators; on the other hand, it increases its interaction with Klf5, thus leading to deacetylation of Klf5. Deacetylation of Klf5 facilitates its dissociation from the p21 promoter, relieving its repressive effect on the p21 promoter. Interference with HDAC2 phosphorylation by either CK2α knockdown or the use of phosphorylation-deficient mutant of HDAC2 prevents the dissociation of Klf5 from the p21 promoter and impairs RAR agonist-induced p21 activation. Our results reveal a novel mechanism involving a phosphorylation-deacetylation cascade that functions to remove the basal repression complex from the p21 promoter upon RAR agonist treatment, allowing for optimum agonist-induced p21 expression.
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MESH Headings
- Acetylation
- Animals
- Casein Kinase II/genetics
- Casein Kinase II/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/genetics
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation/physiology
- Histone Deacetylase 2/genetics
- Histone Deacetylase 2/metabolism
- Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/genetics
- Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Male
- Multiprotein Complexes/genetics
- Multiprotein Complexes/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Mutation
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Phosphorylation/physiology
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/physiology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/agonists
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/genetics
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/metabolism
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha
- Transcription, Genetic/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, No. 361, Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Mei Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, No. 361, Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Ya-nan Shu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, No. 361, Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Ying-jie Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, No. 361, Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Sui-bing Miao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, No. 361, Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Xin-hua Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, No. 361, Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Hui-jing Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, No. 361, Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, No. 361, Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Jin-kun Wen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, No. 361, Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
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Yu K, Zheng B, Han M, Wen JK. ATRA activates and PDGF-BB represses the SM22α promoter through KLF4 binding to, or dissociating from, its cis-DNA elements. Cardiovasc Res 2011; 90:464-74. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvr017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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14
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Li HX, Han M, Bernier M, Zheng B, Sun SG, Su M, Zhang R, Fu JR, Wen JK. Krüppel-like factor 4 promotes differentiation by transforming growth factor-beta receptor-mediated Smad and p38 MAPK signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:17846-56. [PMID: 20375011 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.076992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
KLF4 (Krüppel-like factor 4) has been implicated in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) differentiation induced by transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta). However, the role of KLF4 and mechanism of KLF4 actions in regulating TGF-beta signaling in VSMCs remain unclear. In this study, we showed that TGF-beta1 inhibited cell cycle progression and induced differentiation in cultured rat VSMCs. This activity of TGF-beta1 was accompanied by up-regulation of KLF4, with concomitant increase in TbetaRI (TGF-beta type I receptor) expression. KLF4 was found to transduce TGF-beta1 signals via phosphorylation-mediated activation of Smad2, Smad3, and p38 MAPK. The activation of both pathways, in turn, increased the phosphorylation of KLF4, which enabled the formation of KLF4-Smad2 complex in response to TGF-beta1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation studies and oligonucleotide pull-down assays showed the direct binding of KLF4 to the KLF4-binding sites 2 and 3 of the TbetaRI promoter and the recruitment of Smad2 to the Smad-responsive region. Formation of a stable KLF4-Smad2 complex in the promoter's Smad-responsive region mediated cooperative TbetaRI promoter transcription in response to TGF-beta1. These results suggest that KLF4-dependent regulation of Smad and p38 MAPK signaling via TbetaRI requires prior phosphorylation of KLF4 through Smad and p38 MAPK pathways. This study demonstrates a novel mechanism by which TGF-beta1 regulates VSMC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-xuan Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, China Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, No 361, Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
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15
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Wang QL, Li BH, Liu B, Liu YB, Liu YP, Miao SB, Han Y, Wen JK, Han M, Nakano K, Saji H, Nakamura N. Polymorphisms of the ICAM-1 exon 6 (E469K) are associated with differentiation of colorectal cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2009; 28:139. [PMID: 19822019 PMCID: PMC2768696 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-28-139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Accepted: 10/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background Genetic factors are thought to play a role in development for colorectal carcinogenesis. ICAM-1 is a polymorphic gene, thus, the present study investigated the relationship between the polymorphisms of ICAM-1 and the susceptibility and phenotypical characteristics of colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods The polymorphisms at ICAM-1 exon 4 (G241R) and exon 6 (E469K) were detected by PCR with sequence-specific primers. The relationship between specific genotypes of ICAM-1 and differentiation of CRC was evaluated by the histological grade. Results We showed only GG genotype of ICAM-1 individuals in either CRC or normal controls. The KK genotype of ICAM-1 K469E was found more frequently than in the controls (P < 0.05). Patients with well-differentiated CRC displayed the KK more frequently than those of poor differentiation (P < 0.05). Conclusion The findings indicate that polymorphisms of G241R are rare in Chinese population and that KK genotype of ICAM-1 K469E is significantly associated with well differentiation of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-lei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
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