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Sundaresan S, Philosoph-Hadas S, Ma C, Jiang CZ, Riov J, Kochanek B, Salim S, Reid MS, Meir S. Role of the KNOTTED1-LIKE HOMEOBOX protein (KD1) in regulating abscission of tomato flower pedicels at early and late stages of the process. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:2103-2118. [PMID: 34545591 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The KNOTTED1-LIKE HOMEOBOX PROTEIN1 (KD1) gene is highly expressed in flower and leaf abscission zones (AZs), and KD1 was reported to regulate tomato flower pedicel abscission via alteration of the auxin gradient and response in the flower AZ (FAZ). The present work was aimed to further examine how KD1 regulates signaling factors and regulatory genes involved in pedicel abscission, by using silenced KD1 lines and performing a large-scale transcriptome profiling of the FAZ before and after flower removal, using a customized AZ-specific microarray. The results highlighted a differential expression of regulatory genes in the FAZ of KD1-silenced plants compared to the wild-type. In the TAPG4::antisense KD1-silenced plants, KD1 gene expression decreased before flower removal, resulting in altered expression of regulatory genes, such as epigenetic modifiers, transcription factors, posttranslational regulators, and antioxidative defense factors occurring at zero time and before affecting auxin levels in the FAZ detected at 4 h after flower removal. The expression of additional regulatory genes was altered in the FAZ of KD1-silenced plants at 4-20 h after flower removal, thereby leading to an inhibited abscission phenotype, and downregulation of genes involved in abscission execution and defense processes. Our data suggest that KD1 is a master regulator of the abscission process, which promotes abscission of tomato flower pedicels. This suggestion is based on the inhibitory effect of KD1 silencing on flower pedicel abscission that operates via alteration of various regulatory pathways, which delay the competence acquisition of the FAZ cells to respond to ethylene signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srivignesh Sundaresan
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZiyon, Israel
- Department of Horticulture, Neelakudi Campus, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu (CUTN), Thiruvarur, India
| | - Sonia Philosoph-Hadas
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZiyon, Israel
| | - Chao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Cai-Zhong Jiang
- Crops Pathology and Genetic Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Joseph Riov
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Betina Kochanek
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZiyon, Israel
| | - Shoshana Salim
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZiyon, Israel
| | - Michael S Reid
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Shimon Meir
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZiyon, Israel
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2
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Pirayesh N, Giridhar M, Ben Khedher A, Vothknecht UC, Chigri F. Organellar calcium signaling in plants: An update. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:118948. [PMID: 33421535 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.118948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Calcium ion (Ca2+) is a versatile signaling transducer in all eukaryotic organisms. In plants, intracellular changes in free Ca2+ levels act as regulators in many growth and developmental processes. Ca2+ also mediates the cellular responses to environmental stimuli and thus plays an important role in providing stress tolerance to plants. Ca2+ signals are decoded by a tool kit of various families of Ca2+-binding proteins and their downstream targets, which mediate the transformation of the Ca2+ signal into appropriate cellular response. Early interest and research on Ca2+ signaling focused on its function in the cytosol, however it has become evident that this important regulatory pathway also exists in organelles such as nucleus, chloroplast, mitochondria, peroxisomes and the endomembrane system. In this review, we give an overview on the knowledge about organellar Ca2+ signaling with a focus on recent advances and developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Pirayesh
- Plant Cell Biology, IZMB, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Maya Giridhar
- Plant Cell Biology, IZMB, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ahlem Ben Khedher
- Plant Cell Biology, IZMB, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ute C Vothknecht
- Plant Cell Biology, IZMB, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Fatima Chigri
- Plant Cell Biology, IZMB, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
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3
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The Significance of Calcium in Photosynthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061353. [PMID: 30889814 PMCID: PMC6471148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
As a secondary messenger, calcium participates in various physiological and biochemical reactions in plants. Photosynthesis is the most extensive biosynthesis process on Earth. To date, researchers have found that some chloroplast proteins have Ca2+-binding sites, and the structure and function of some of these proteins have been discussed in detail. Although the roles of Ca2+ signal transduction related to photosynthesis have been discussed, the relationship between calcium and photosynthesis is seldom systematically summarized. In this review, we provide an overview of current knowledge of calcium’s role in photosynthesis.
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Mishra B, Sun Y, Ahmed H, Liu X, Mukhtar MS. Global temporal dynamic landscape of pathogen-mediated subversion of Arabidopsis innate immunity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7849. [PMID: 28798368 PMCID: PMC5552879 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08073-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The universal nature of networks’ structural and physical properties across diverse systems offers a better prospect to elucidate the interplay between a system and its environment. In the last decade, several large-scale transcriptome and interactome studies were conducted to understand the complex and dynamic nature of interactions between Arabidopsis and its bacterial pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. We took advantage of these publicly available datasets and performed “-omics”-based integrative, and network topology analyses to decipher the transcriptional and protein-protein interaction activities of effector targets. We demonstrated that effector targets exhibit shorter distance to differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and possess increased information centrality. Intriguingly, effector targets are differentially expressed in a sequential manner and make for 1% of the total DEGs at any time point of infection with virulent or defense-inducing DC3000 strains. We revealed that DC3000 significantly alters the expression levels of 71% effector targets and their downstream physical interacting proteins in Arabidopsis interactome. Our integrative “-omics”-–based analyses identified dynamic complexes associated with MTI and disease susceptibility. Finally, we discovered five novel plant defense players using a systems biology-fueled top-to-bottom approach and demonstrated immune-related functions for them, further validating the power and resolution of our network analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Mishra
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Yali Sun
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Hadia Ahmed
- Department of Computer & Information Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - M Shahid Mukhtar
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA. .,Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA.
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Parvin N, Carrie C, Pabst I, Läßer A, Laha D, Paul MV, Geigenberger P, Heermann R, Jung K, Vothknecht UC, Chigri F. TOM9.2 Is a Calmodulin-Binding Protein Critical for TOM Complex Assembly but Not for Mitochondrial Protein Import in Arabidopsis thaliana. MOLECULAR PLANT 2017; 10:575-589. [PMID: 28062321 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The translocon on the outer membrane of mitochondria (TOM) facilitates the import of nuclear-encoded proteins. The principal machinery of mitochondrial protein transport seems conserved in eukaryotes; however, divergence in the composition and structure of TOM components has been observed between mammals, yeast, and plants. TOM9, the plant homolog of yeast Tom22, is significantly smaller due to a truncation in the cytosolic receptor domain, and its precise function is not understood. Here we provide evidence showing that TOM9.2 from Arabidopsis thaliana is involved in the formation of mature TOM complex, most likely by influencing the assembly of the pore-forming subunit TOM40. Dexamethasone-induced RNAi gene silencing of TOM9.2 results in a severe reduction in the mature TOM complex, and the assembly of newly imported TOM40 into the complex is impaired. Nevertheless, mutant plants are fully viable and no obvious downstream effects of the loss of TOM complex, i.e., on mitochondrial import capacity, were observed. Furthermore, we found that TOM9.2 can bind calmodulin (CaM) in vitro and that CaM impairs the assembly of TOM complex in the isolated wild-type mitochondria, suggesting a regulatory role of TOM9.2 and a possible integration of TOM assembly into the cellular calcium signaling network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nargis Parvin
- Department Biology I, Botany, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Straße 2-4, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Chris Carrie
- Department Biology I, Botany, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Straße 2-4, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Isabelle Pabst
- Department Biology I, Botany, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Straße 2-4, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Antonia Läßer
- Department Biology I, Botany, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Straße 2-4, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Debabrata Laha
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology, Plant Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Melanie V Paul
- Department Biology I, Botany, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Straße 2-4, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Peter Geigenberger
- Department Biology I, Botany, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Straße 2-4, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ralf Heermann
- Department Biology I, Microbiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Straße 2-4, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Kirsten Jung
- Department Biology I, Microbiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Straße 2-4, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; Department of Biology, Center for Integrated Protein Science (Munich), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ute C Vothknecht
- Department Biology I, Botany, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Straße 2-4, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; Department of Biology, Center for Integrated Protein Science (Munich), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Fatima Chigri
- Department Biology I, Botany, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Straße 2-4, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; Department of Biology, Center for Integrated Protein Science (Munich), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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6
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Li L, Xing Y, Chang D, Fang S, Cui B, Li Q, Wang X, Guo S, Yang X, Men S, Shen Y. CaM/BAG5/Hsc70 signaling complex dynamically regulates leaf senescence. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31889. [PMID: 27539741 PMCID: PMC4990970 DOI: 10.1038/srep31889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium signaling plays an essential role in plant cell physiology, and chaperone-mediated protein folding directly regulates plant programmed cell death. The Arabidopsis thaliana protein AtBAG5 (Bcl-2-associated athanogene 5) is unique in that it contains both a BAG domain capable of binding Hsc70 (Heat shock cognate protein 70) and a characteristic IQ motif that is specific for Ca(2+)-free CaM (Calmodulin) binding and hence acts as a hub linking calcium signaling and the chaperone system. Here, we determined crystal structures of AtBAG5 alone and in complex with Ca(2+)-free CaM. Structural and biochemical studies revealed that Ca(2+)-free CaM and Hsc70 bind AtBAG5 independently, whereas Ca(2+)-saturated CaM and Hsc70 bind AtBAG5 with negative cooperativity. Further in vivo studies confirmed that AtBAG5 localizes to mitochondria and that its overexpression leads to leaf senescence symptoms including decreased chlorophyll retention and massive ROS production in dark-induced plants. Mutants interfering the CaM/AtBAG5/Hsc70 complex formation leads to different phenotype of leaf senescence. Collectively, we propose that the CaM/AtBAG5/Hsc70 signaling complex plays an important role in regulating plant senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yangfei Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Dong Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shasha Fang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Boyang Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qi Li
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xuejie Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shuzhen Men
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yuequan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
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7
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No plastidial calmodulin-like proteins detected by two targeted mass-spectrometry approaches and GFP fusion proteins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neps.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Wagner S, De Bortoli S, Schwarzländer M, Szabò I. Regulation of mitochondrial calcium in plants versus animals. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:3809-29. [PMID: 27001920 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Ca(2+) acts as an important cellular second messenger in eukaryotes. In both plants and animals, a wide variety of environmental and developmental stimuli trigger Ca(2+) transients of a specific signature that can modulate gene expression and metabolism. In animals, mitochondrial energy metabolism has long been considered a hotspot of Ca(2+) regulation, with a range of pathophysiology linked to altered Ca(2+) control. Recently, several molecular players involved in mitochondrial Ca(2+) signalling have been identified, including those of the mitochondrial Ca(2+) uniporter. Despite strong evidence for sophisticated Ca(2+) regulation in plant mitochondria, the picture has remained much less clear. This is currently changing aided by live imaging and genetic approaches which allow dissection of subcellular Ca(2+) dynamics and identification of the proteins involved. We provide an update on our current understanding in the regulation of mitochondrial Ca(2+) and signalling by comparing work in plants and animals. The significance of mitochondrial Ca(2+) control is discussed in the light of the specific metabolic and energetic needs of plant and animal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Wagner
- Plant Energy Biology Lab, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, D-53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sara De Bortoli
- Department of Biology and CNR Institute of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Markus Schwarzländer
- Plant Energy Biology Lab, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, D-53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ildikò Szabò
- Department of Biology and CNR Institute of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy
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9
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Ruge H, Flosdorff S, Ebersberger I, Chigri F, Vothknecht UC. The calmodulin-like proteins AtCML4 and AtCML5 are single-pass membrane proteins targeted to the endomembrane system by an N-terminal signal anchor sequence. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:3985-96. [PMID: 27029353 PMCID: PMC4915527 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Calmodulins (CaMs) are important mediators of Ca(2+) signals that are found ubiquitously in all eukaryotic organisms. Plants contain a unique family of calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs) that exhibit greater sequence variance compared to canonical CaMs. The Arabidopsis thaliana proteins AtCML4 and AtCML5 are members of CML subfamily VII and possess a CaM domain comprising the characteristic double pair of EF-hands, but they are distinguished from other members of this subfamily and from canonical CaMs by an N-terminal extension of their amino acid sequence. Transient expression of yellow fluorescent protein-tagged AtCML4 and AtCML5 under a 35S-promoter in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf cells revealed a spherical fluorescence pattern. This pattern was confirmed by transient expression in Arabidopsis protoplasts under the native promoter. Co-localization analyses with various endomembrane marker proteins suggest that AtCML4 and AtCML5 are localized to vesicular structures in the interphase between Golgi and the endosomal system. Further studies revealed AtCML5 to be a single-pass membrane protein that is targeted into the endomembrane system by an N-terminal signal anchor sequence. Self-assembly green fluorescent protein and protease protection assays support a topology with the CaM domain exposed to the cytosolic surface and not the lumen of the vesicles, indicating that AtCML5 could sense Ca(2+) signals in the cytosol. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that AtCML4 and AtCML5 are closely related paralogues originating from a duplication event within the Brassicaceae family. CML4/5-like proteins seem to be universally present in eudicots but are absent in some monocots. Together these results show that CML4/5-like proteins represent a flowering plant-specific subfamily of CMLs with a potential function in vesicle transport within the plant endomembrane system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Ruge
- Department of Biology I, Faculty of Biology, LMU Munich, Großhaderner Straße 2-4, D-82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Sandra Flosdorff
- Department of Biology I, Faculty of Biology, LMU Munich, Großhaderner Straße 2-4, D-82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Ingo Ebersberger
- Department for Applied Bioinformatics, Institute for Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Fatima Chigri
- Department of Biology I, Faculty of Biology, LMU Munich, Großhaderner Straße 2-4, D-82152 Planegg, Germany Center for Integrated Protein Science (Munich) at the Department of Biology I, Faculty of Biology, LMU Munich, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ute C Vothknecht
- Department of Biology I, Faculty of Biology, LMU Munich, Großhaderner Straße 2-4, D-82152 Planegg, Germany Center for Integrated Protein Science (Munich) at the Department of Biology I, Faculty of Biology, LMU Munich, D-81377 Munich, Germany
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10
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Jiang HB, Song WY, Cheng HM, Qiu BS. The hypothetical protein Ycf46 is involved in regulation of CO2 utilization in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. PLANTA 2015; 241:145-155. [PMID: 25230699 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-014-2169-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The Ycf46 mutant of Synechocystis showed growth inhibition under low dissolved CO 2 conditions, suggesting a role for the Ycf46 protein in the process of photosynthetic CO 2 uptake and utilization. Hypothetical chloroplast open reading frame Ycf46 proteins are highly conserved in all cyanobacterial lineages and most algal chloroplast genomes, but their exact function is still unknown. In the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, the Ycf46 encoding gene slr0374 is part of an operon (with slr0373 and slr0376) and responds to many environmental stresses. Transcript levels of the slr0373, slr0374 and slr0376 genes were increased under a low concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon (Ci). Compared with the wild type, the mutant lacking slr0374 showed growth arrest under Ci-deficient conditions but not under iron-deficient or low-light conditions. In addition, the mutant grew more slowly than the wild type under pH 6.0 conditions in which CO2 was the dominant Ci source, indicating the mutant cells had weak CO2 uptake and/or utilization ability. Supplying a high concentration of CO2 (5 %, v/v) to the mutant restored its phenotype to the wild type level. The photosynthetic activity of the mutant was inhibited to a lesser extent by a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor than that of the wild type, which specifically blocked CO2 uptake. Inactivation of slr0374 decreased expression of the ecaB gene and reduced carbonic anhydrase activity. A subcellular localization assay indicated that the Ycf46 protein was soluble. By co-immunoprecipitation assay using Slr0374 as a bait-protein, potential interacting proteins in the size range of 30 kDa were identified. These results suggest that the Ycf46 protein plays a role in the regulation of photosynthesis in cyanobacteria, especially in CO2 uptake and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Bo Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Luoyu Road 152, 430079, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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11
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Fekih R, Tamiru M, Kanzaki H, Abe A, Yoshida K, Kanzaki E, Saitoh H, Takagi H, Natsume S, Undan JR, Undan J, Terauchi R. The rice (Oryza sativa L.) LESION MIMIC RESEMBLING, which encodes an AAA-type ATPase, is implicated in defense response. Mol Genet Genomics 2014; 290:611-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-014-0944-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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12
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Nomura H, Shiina T. Calcium signaling in plant endosymbiotic organelles: mechanism and role in physiology. MOLECULAR PLANT 2014; 7:1094-1104. [PMID: 24574521 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssu020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that chloroplasts and mitochondria evoke specific Ca(2+) signals in response to biotic and abiotic stresses in a stress-dependent manner. The identification of Ca(2+) transporters and Ca(2+) signaling molecules in chloroplasts and mitochondria implies that they play roles in controlling not only intra-organellar functions, but also extra-organellar processes such as plant immunity and stress responses. It appears that organellar Ca(2+) signaling might be more important to plant cell functions than previously thought. This review briefly summarizes what is known about the molecular basis of Ca(2+) signaling in plant mitochondria and chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironari Nomura
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Gifu Women's University, 80 Taromaru, Gifu 501-2592, Japan
| | - Takashi Shiina
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
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13
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Dolze E, Chigri F, Höwing T, Hierl G, Isono E, Vothknecht UC, Gietl C. Calmodulin-like protein AtCML3 mediates dimerization of peroxisomal processing protease AtDEG15 and contributes to normal peroxisome metabolism. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 83:607-24. [PMID: 23943091 PMCID: PMC3830196 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-013-0112-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Matrix enzymes are imported into peroxisomes and glyoxysomes, a subclass of peroxisomes involved in lipid mobilization. Two peroxisomal targeting signals (PTS), the C-terminal PTS1 and the N-terminal PTS2, mediate the translocation of proteins into the organelle. PTS2 processing upon import is conserved in higher eukaryotes, and in watermelon the glyoxysomal processing protease (GPP) was shown to catalyse PTS2 processing. GPP and its ortholog, the peroxisomal DEG protease from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtDEG15), belong to the Deg/HtrA family of ATP-independent serine proteases with Escherichia coli DegP as their prototype. GPP existes in monomeric and dimeric forms. Their equilibrium is shifted towards the monomer upon Ca(2+)-removal and towards the dimer upon Ca(2+)-addition, which is accompanied by a change in substrate specificity from a general protease (monomer) to the specific cleavage of the PTS2 (dimer). We describe the Ca(2+)/calmodulin (CaM) mediated dimerization of AtDEG15. Dimerization is mediated by the CaM-like protein AtCML3 as shown by yeast two and three hybrid analyses. The binding of AtCML3 occurs within the first 25 N-terminal amino acids of AtDEG15, a domain containing a predicted CaM-binding motif. Biochemical analysis of AtDEG15 deletion constructs in planta support the requirement of the CaM-binding domain for PTS2 processing. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that the CaM-binding site is conserved in peroxisomal processing proteases of higher plants (dicots, monocots) but not present in orthologs of animals or cellular slime molds. Despite normal PTS2 processing activity, an atcml3 mutant exhibited reduced 2,4-DB sensitivity, a phenotype previously reported for the atdeg15 mutant, indicating similarly impaired peroxisome metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Dolze
- Institute of Botany, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, TU Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4, 85350 Freising, Germany
| | - Fatima Chigri
- Department of Biology, Center of Integrated Protein Science, LMU Munich, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Timo Höwing
- Institute of Botany, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, TU Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4, 85350 Freising, Germany
| | - Georg Hierl
- Institute of Botany, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, TU Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4, 85350 Freising, Germany
| | - Erika Isono
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, TU Munich, 85350 Freising, Germany
| | - Ute C. Vothknecht
- Department of Biology, Center of Integrated Protein Science, LMU Munich, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Christine Gietl
- Institute of Botany, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, TU Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4, 85350 Freising, Germany
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14
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Poovaiah B, Du L, Wang H, Yang T. Recent advances in calcium/calmodulin-mediated signaling with an emphasis on plant-microbe interactions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 163:531-42. [PMID: 24014576 PMCID: PMC3793035 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.220780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-mediated signaling contributes in diverse roles in plant growth, development, and response to environmental stimuli .
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Huizhong Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164–6414 (B.W.P., L.D.)
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, People’s Republic of China (L.D., H.W.); and
- Food Quality Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705 (T.Y.)
| | - Tianbao Yang
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164–6414 (B.W.P., L.D.)
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, People’s Republic of China (L.D., H.W.); and
- Food Quality Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705 (T.Y.)
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15
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Fu CY, Wang F, Sun BR, Liu WG, Li JH, Deng RF, Liu DL, Liu ZR, Zhu MS, Liao YL, Chen JW. Genetic and cytological analysis of a novel type of low temperature-dependent intrasubspecific hybrid weakness in rice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73886. [PMID: 24023693 PMCID: PMC3758327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid weakness (HW) is an important postzygotic isolation which occurs in both intra- and inter-specific crosses. In this study, we described a novel low temperature-dependent intrasubspecific hybrid weakness in the F1 plants derived from the cross between two indica rice varieties Taifeng A and V1134. HW plants showed growth retardation, reduced panicle number and pale green leaves with chlorotic spots. Cytological assay showed that there were reduced cell numbers, larger intercellular spaces, thicker cell walls, and abnormal development of chloroplast and mitochondria in the mature leaves from HW F1 plants in comparison with that from both of the parental lines. Genetic analysis revealed that HW was controlled by two complementary dominant genes Hw3 from V1134 and Hw4 from Taifeng A. Hw3 was mapped in a 136 kb interval between the markers Indel1118 and Indel1117 on chromosome 11, and Hw4 was mapped in the region of about 15 cM between RM182 and RM505 on chromosome 7, respectively. RT-PCR analysis revealed that only LOC_Os11g44310, encoding a putative calmodulin-binding protein (OsCaMBP), differentially expressed among Taifeng A, V1134 and their HW F1. No recombinant was detected using the markers designed based on the sequence of LOC_Os11g44310 in the BC1F2 (Taifeng A//Taifeng A/V1134) population. Hence, LOC_Os11g44310 was probably the candidate gene of Hw3. Gene amplification suggested that LOC_Os11g44310 was present in V1134 and absent in Taifeng A. BLAST search revealed that LOC_Os11g44310 had one copy in the japonica genomic sequence of Nipponbare, and no homologous sequence in the indica reference sequence of 9311. Our results indicate that Hw3 is a novel gene for inducing hybrid weakness in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Yun Fu
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
| | - Bing-Rui Sun
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wu-Ge Liu
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Hua Li
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ru-Fang Deng
- Public Laboratory, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Di-Lin Liu
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Rong Liu
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Man-Shan Zhu
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Long Liao
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Wei Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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16
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Identification of CP12 as a Novel Calcium-Binding Protein in Chloroplasts. PLANTS 2013; 2:530-40. [PMID: 27137392 PMCID: PMC4844381 DOI: 10.3390/plants2030530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Calcium plays an important role in the regulation of several chloroplast processes. However, very little is still understood about the calcium fluxes or calcium-binding proteins present in plastids. Indeed, classical EF-hand containing calcium-binding proteins appears to be mostly absent from plastids. In the present study we analyzed the stroma fraction of Arabidopsis chloroplasts for the presence of novel calcium-binding proteins using 2D-PAGE separation followed by calcium overlay assay. A small acidic protein was identified by mass spectrometry analyses as the chloroplast protein CP12 and the ability of CP12 to bind calcium was confirmed with recombinant proteins. CP12 plays an important role in the regulation of the Calvin-Benson-Bassham Cycle participating in the assembly of a supramolecular complex between phosphoribulokinase and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, indicating that calcium signaling could play a role in regulating carbon fixation.
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17
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Dell'Aglio E, Giustini C, Salvi D, Brugière S, Delpierre F, Moyet L, Baudet M, Seigneurin-Berny D, Matringe M, Ferro M, Rolland N, Curien G. Complementary biochemical approaches applied to the identification of plastidial calmodulin-binding proteins. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2013; 9:1234-48. [PMID: 23549413 DOI: 10.1039/c3mb00004d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ca(2+)/Calmodulin (CaM)-dependent signaling pathways play a major role in the modulation of cell responses in eukaryotes. In the chloroplast, few proteins such as the NAD(+) kinase 2 have been previously shown to interact with CaM, but a general picture of the role of Ca(2+)/CaM signaling in this organelle is still lacking. Using CaM-affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry, we identified 210 candidate CaM-binding proteins from different Arabidopsis and spinach chloroplast sub-fractions. A subset of these proteins was validated by an optimized in vitro CaM-binding assay. In addition, we designed two fluorescence anisotropy assays to quantitatively characterize the binding parameters and applied those assays to NAD(+) kinase 2 and selected candidate proteins. On the basis of our results, there might be many more plastidial CaM-binding proteins than previously estimated. In addition, we showed that an array of complementary biochemical techniques is necessary in order to characterize the mode of interaction of candidate proteins with CaM.
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18
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Ozhuner E, Eldem V, Ipek A, Okay S, Sakcali S, Zhang B, Boke H, Unver T. Boron stress responsive microRNAs and their targets in barley. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59543. [PMID: 23555702 PMCID: PMC3608689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Boron stress is an environmental factor affecting plant development and production. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been found to be involved in several plant processes such as growth regulation and stress responses. In this study, miRNAs associated with boron stress were identified and characterized in barley. miRNA profiles were also comparatively analyzed between root and leave samples. A total of 31 known and 3 new miRNAs were identified in barley; 25 of them were found to respond to boron treatment. Several miRNAs were expressed in a tissue specific manner; for example, miR156d, miR171a, miR397, and miR444a were only detected in leaves. Additionally, a total of 934 barley transcripts were found to be specifically targeted and degraded by miRNAs. In silico analysis of miRNA target genes demonstrated that many miRNA targets are conserved transcription factors such as Squamosa promoter-binding protein, Auxin response factor (ARF), and the MYB transcription factor family. A majority of these targets were responsible for plant growth and response to environmental changes. We also propose that some of the miRNAs in barley such as miRNA408 might play critical roles against boron exposure. In conclusion, barley may use several pathways and cellular processes targeted by miRNAs to cope with boron stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esma Ozhuner
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Cankiri Karatekin University, Cankiri, Turkey
| | - Vahap Eldem
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Cankiri Karatekin University, Cankiri, Turkey
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arif Ipek
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Cankiri Karatekin University, Cankiri, Turkey
| | - Sezer Okay
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Cankiri Karatekin University, Cankiri, Turkey
| | - Serdal Sakcali
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Hatice Boke
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Cankiri Karatekin University, Cankiri, Turkey
| | - Turgay Unver
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Cankiri Karatekin University, Cankiri, Turkey
- * E-mail:
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19
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Rocha AG, Vothknecht UC. The role of calcium in chloroplasts--an intriguing and unresolved puzzle. PROTOPLASMA 2012; 249:957-66. [PMID: 22227834 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-011-0373-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
More than 70 years of studies have indicated that chloroplasts contain a significant amount of calcium, are a potential storage compartment for this ion, and might themselves be prone to calcium regulation. Many of these studies have been performed on the photosynthetic light reaction as well as CO(2) fixation via the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle, and they showed that calcium is required in several steps of these processes. Further studies have indicated that calcium is involved in other chloroplast functions that are not directly related to photosynthesis and that there is a calcium-dependent regulation similar to cytoplasmic calcium signal transduction. Nevertheless, the precise role that calcium has as a functional and regulatory component of chloroplast processes remains enigmatic. Calcium concentrations in different chloroplast subcompartments have been measured, but the extent and direction of intra-plastidal calcium fluxes or calcium transport into and from the cytosol are not yet very well understood. In this review we want to give an overview over the current knowledge on the relationship between chloroplasts and calcium and discuss questions that need to be addressed in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostinho G Rocha
- Department of Biology I, Botany, LMU Munich, Grosshaderner Str. 2-4, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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20
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Sarwat M, Ahmad P, Nabi G, Hu X. Ca(2+) signals: the versatile decoders of environmental cues. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2012; 33:97-109. [PMID: 22568501 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2012.672398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Plants are often subjected to various environmental stresses that lead to deleterious effects on growth, production, sustainability, etc. The information of the incoming stress is read by the plants through the mechanism of signal transduction. The plant Ca(2+) serves as secondary messenger during adaptations to stressful conditions and developmental processes. A plethora of Ca(2+) sensors and decoders functions to bring about these changes. The cellular concentrations of Ca(2+), their subcellular localization, and the specific interaction affinities of Ca(2+) decoder proteins all work together to make this process a complex but synchronized signaling network. In this review, we focus on the versatility of these sensors and decoders in the model plant Arabidopsis as well as plants of economical importance. Here, we have also thrown light on the possible mechanism of action of these important components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Sarwat
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India.
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21
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Chigri F, Flosdorff S, Pilz S, Kölle E, Dolze E, Gietl C, Vothknecht UC. The Arabidopsis calmodulin-like proteins AtCML30 and AtCML3 are targeted to mitochondria and peroxisomes, respectively. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 78:211-22. [PMID: 22116655 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-011-9856-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Calmodulin (CaM) is a ubiquitous sensor/transducer of calcium signals in eukaryotic organisms. While CaM mediated calcium regulation of cytosolic processes is well established, there is growing evidence for the inclusion of organelles such as chloroplasts, mitochondria and peroxisomes into the calcium/calmodulin regulation network. A number of CaM-binding proteins have been identified in these organelles and processes such as protein import into chloroplasts and mitochondria have been shown to be governed by CaM regulation. What have been missing to date are the mediators of this regulation since no CaM or calmodulin-like protein (CML) has been identified in any of these organelles. Here we show that two Arabidopsis CMLs, AtCML3 and AtCML30, are localized in peroxisomes and mitochondria, respectively. AtCML3 is targeted via an unusual C-terminal PTS1-like tripeptide while AtCML30 utilizes an N-terminal, non-cleavable transit peptide. Both proteins possess the typical structure of CaMs, with two pairs of EF-hand motifs separated by a short linker domain. They furthermore display common characteristics, such as calcium-dependent alteration of gel mobility and calcium-dependent exposure of a hydrophobic surface. This indicates that they can function in a similar manner as canonical CaMs. The presence of close homologues to AtCML3 and AtCML30 in other plants further indicates that organellar targeting of these CMLs is not a specific feature of Arabidopsis. The identification of peroxisomal and mitochondrial CMLs is an important step in the understanding how these organelles are integrated into the cellular calcium/calmodulin signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Chigri
- Department of Biology of the LMU Munich, Center for Integrated Protein Science (Munich), 82152 Martinsried, Germany
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22
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Stael S, Wurzinger B, Mair A, Mehlmer N, Vothknecht UC, Teige M. Plant organellar calcium signalling: an emerging field. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:1525-42. [PMID: 22200666 PMCID: PMC3966264 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive overview of the established and emerging roles that organelles play in calcium signalling. The function of calcium as a secondary messenger in signal transduction networks is well documented in all eukaryotic organisms, but so far existing reviews have hardly addressed the role of organelles in calcium signalling, except for the nucleus. Therefore, a brief overview on the main calcium stores in plants-the vacuole, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the apoplast-is provided and knowledge on the regulation of calcium concentrations in different cellular compartments is summarized. The main focus of the review will be the calcium handling properties of chloroplasts, mitochondria, and peroxisomes. Recently, it became clear that these organelles not only undergo calcium regulation themselves, but are able to influence the Ca(2+) signalling pathways of the cytoplasm and the entire cell. Furthermore, the relevance of recent discoveries in the animal field for the regulation of organellar calcium signals will be discussed and conclusions will be drawn regarding potential homologous mechanisms in plant cells. Finally, a short overview on bacterial calcium signalling is included to provide some ideas on the question where this typically eukaryotic signalling mechanism could have originated from during evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Stael
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, MFPL, University of Vienna, Dr Bohrgasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Wurzinger
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, MFPL, University of Vienna, Dr Bohrgasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Mair
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, MFPL, University of Vienna, Dr Bohrgasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Norbert Mehlmer
- Department of Biology I, Botany, LMU Munich, Großhaderner Str. 2, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ute C. Vothknecht
- Department of Biology I, Botany, LMU Munich, Großhaderner Str. 2, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Center for Integrated Protein Science (Munich) at the Department of Biology of the LMU Munich, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Teige
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, MFPL, University of Vienna, Dr Bohrgasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
- To whom correspondence should be addressed.
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23
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Mehlmer N, Parvin N, Hurst CH, Knight MR, Teige M, Vothknecht UC. A toolset of aequorin expression vectors for in planta studies of subcellular calcium concentrations in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:1751-61. [PMID: 22213817 PMCID: PMC3971373 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Calcium has long been acknowledged as one of the most important signalling components in plants. Many abiotic and biotic stimuli are transduced into a cellular response by temporal and spatial changes in cellular calcium concentration and the calcium-sensitive protein aequorin has been exploited as a genetically encoded calcium indicator for the measurement of calcium in planta. The objective of this work was to generate a compatible set of aequorin expression plasmids for the generation of transgenic plant lines to measure changes in calcium levels in different cellular subcompartments. Aequorin was fused to different targeting peptides or organellar proteins as a means to localize it to the cytosol, the nucleus, the plasma membrane, and the mitochondria. Furthermore, constructs were designed to localize aequorin in the stroma as well as the inner and outer surface of the chloroplast envelope membranes. The modular set-up of the plasmids also allows the easy replacement of targeting sequences to include other compartments. An additional YFP-fusion was included to verify the correct subcellular localization of all constructs by laser scanning confocal microscopy. For each construct, pBin19-based binary expression vectors driven by the 35S or UBI10 promoter were made for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Stable Arabidopsis lines were generated and initial tests of several lines confirmed their feasibility to measure calcium signals in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Mehlmer
- Department of Biology I, Botany, LMU Munich, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, D-82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Nargis Parvin
- Department of Biology I, Botany, LMU Munich, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, D-82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Charlotte H. Hurst
- Plant Stress Laboratory, Durham Centre for Crop Improvement Technology, School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Marc R. Knight
- Plant Stress Laboratory, Durham Centre for Crop Improvement Technology, School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Markus Teige
- Department of Biochemistry, MFPL, University of Vienna, Dr. Bohr Gasse 9/5, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ute C. Vothknecht
- Department of Biology I, Botany, LMU Munich, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, D-82152 Planegg, Germany
- Centre for Integrated Protein Science (Munich) at the Department of Biology of the LMU Munich, D-81377 Munich, Germany
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24
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Analysis of calcium signaling pathways in plants. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2011; 1820:1283-93. [PMID: 22061997 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Revised: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcium serves as a versatile messenger in many adaptation and developmental processes in plants. Ca2+ signals are represented by stimulus-specific spatially and temporally defined Ca2+ signatures. These Ca2+ signatures are detected, decoded and transmitted to downstream responses by a complex toolkit of Ca2+ binding proteins that function as Ca2+ sensors. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review will reflect on advancements in monitoring Ca2+ dynamics in plants. Moreover, it will provide insights in the extensive and complex toolkit of plant Ca2+ sensor proteins that relay the information presented in the Ca2+ signatures into phosphorylation events, changes in protein-protein interaction or regulation of gene expression. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Plants' response to signals is encoded by different Ca2+ signatures. The plant decoding Ca2+ toolkit encompasses different families of Ca2+ sensors like Calmodulins (CaM), Calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs), Ca2+-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs), Calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs) and their interacting kinases (CIPKs). These Ca2+ sensors are encoded by complex gene families and form intricate signaling networks in plants that enable specific, robust and flexible information processing. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This review provides new insights about the biochemical regulation, physiological functions and of newly identified target proteins of the major plant Ca2+ sensor families. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Biochemical, biophysical and genetic approaches to intracellular calcium signaling.
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25
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Reddy ASN, Ben-Hur A, Day IS. Experimental and computational approaches for the study of calmodulin interactions. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2011; 72:1007-19. [PMID: 21338992 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2010] [Revised: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Ca(2+), a universal messenger in eukaryotes, plays a major role in signaling pathways that control many growth and developmental processes in plants as well as their responses to various biotic and abiotic stresses. Cellular changes in Ca(2+) in response to diverse signals are recognized by protein sensors that either have their activity modulated or that interact with other proteins and modulate their activity. Calmodulins (CaMs) and CaM-like proteins (CMLs) are Ca(2+) sensors that have no enzymatic activity of their own but upon binding Ca(2+) interact and modulate the activity of other proteins involved in a large number of plant processes. Protein-protein interactions play a key role in Ca(2+)/CaM-mediated in signaling pathways. In this review, using CaM as an example, we discuss various experimental approaches and computational tools to identify protein-protein interactions. During the last two decades hundreds of CaM-binding proteins in plants have been identified using a variety of approaches ranging from simple screening of expression libraries with labeled CaM to high-throughput screens using protein chips. However, the high-throughput methods have not been applied to the entire proteome of any plant system. Nevertheless, the data provided by these screens allows the development of computational tools to predict CaM-interacting proteins. Using all known binding sites of CaM, we developed a computational method that predicted over 700 high confidence CaM interactors in the Arabidopsis proteome. Most (>600) of these are not known to bind calmodulin, suggesting that there are likely many more CaM targets than previously known. Functional analyses of some of the experimentally identified Ca(2+) sensor target proteins have uncovered their precise role in Ca(2+)-mediated processes. Further studies on identifying novel targets of CaM and CMLs and generating their interaction network - "calcium sensor interactome" - will help us in understanding how Ca(2+) regulates a myriad of cellular and physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S N Reddy
- Department of Biology, Program in Molecular Plant Biology, Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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26
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Bussemer J, Vothknecht UC, Chigri F. Calcium regulation in endosymbiotic organelles of plants. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2009; 4:805-8. [PMID: 19847100 PMCID: PMC2802815 DOI: 10.4161/psb.4.9.9234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2009] [Accepted: 08/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In plant cells calcium-dependent signaling pathways are involved in a large array of biological processes in response to hormones, biotic/abiotic stress signals and a variety of developmental cues. This is generally achieved through binding of calcium to diverse calcium-sensing proteins, which subsequently control downstream events by activating or inhibiting biochemical reactions. Regulation by calcium is considered as a eukaryotic trait and has not been described for prokaryotes. Nevertheless, there is increasing evidence indicating that organelles of prokaryotic origin, such as chloroplasts and mitochondria, are integrated into the calcium-signaling network of the cell. An important transducer of calcium in these organelles appears to be calmodulin. In this review we want to give an overview over present data showing that endosymbiotic organelles harbour calcium-dependent biological processes with a focus on calmodulin-regulation.
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