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Islam SMM, Siddik MAB, Sørensen M, Brinchmann MF, Thompson KD, Francis DS, Vatsos IN. Insect meal in aquafeeds: A sustainable path to enhanced mucosal immunity in fish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 150:109625. [PMID: 38740231 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The mucosal surfaces of fish, including their intestines, gills, and skin, are constantly exposed to various environmental threats, such as water quality fluctuations, pollutants, and pathogens. However, various cells and microbiota closely associated with these surfaces work in tandem to create a functional protective barrier against these conditions. Recent research has shown that incorporating specific feed ingredients into fish diets can significantly boost their mucosal and general immune response. Among the various ingredients being investigated, insect meal has emerged as one of the most promising options, owing to its high protein content and immunomodulatory properties. By positively influencing the structure and function of mucosal surfaces, insect meal (IM) has the potential to enhance the overall immune status of fish. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the potential benefits of incorporating IM into aquafeed as a feed ingredient for augmenting the mucosal immune response of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Majharul Islam
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8026, Bodø, Norway
| | - Muhammad A B Siddik
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Mette Sørensen
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8026, Bodø, Norway
| | | | - Kim D Thompson
- Aquaculture Research Group, Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David S Francis
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Ioannis N Vatsos
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8026, Bodø, Norway.
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Lacombe C, Aleman-Navaro E, Drujon T, Martinez-Osorio V, Sachon E, Melchy-Pérez E, Carlier L, Fajardo Brigido LE, Fleury Y, Piesse C, Gutiérrez-Escobedo G, De Las Peñas A, Castaño I, Desriac F, Beristain-Hernandez JL, Combadiere C, Rosenstein Y, Auvynet C. Characterization of a New Immunosuppressive and Antimicrobial Peptide, DRS-DA2, Isolated from the Mexican Frog, Pachymedusa dacnicolor. Int J Inflam 2024; 2024:2205864. [PMID: 38250663 PMCID: PMC10799709 DOI: 10.1155/2024/2205864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory and antimicrobial diseases constitute a major burden for society, and fighting them is a WHO strategic priority. Most of the treatments available to fight inflammatory diseases are anti-inflammatory drugs, such as corticosteroids or immunomodulators that lack cellular specificity and lead to numerous side effects. In addition to suppressing undesired inflammation and reducing disease progression, these drugs lessen the immune system protective functions. Furthermore, treating infectious diseases is more and more challenging due to the rise of microbial resistance to antimicrobial drugs. Thus, controlling the inflammatory process locally without compromising the ability to combat infections is an essential feature in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. We isolated three forms (DRS-DA2N, DRS-DA2NE, and DRS-DA2NEQ) of the same peptide, DRS-DA2, which belongs to the dermaseptin family, from the Mexican tree frog Pachymedusa dacnicolor. Interestingly, DRS-DA2N and DRS-DA2NEQ exhibit a dual activity by inducing the death of leukocytes as well as that of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, including multiresistant strains, without affecting other cells such as epithelial cells or erythrocytes. We showed that the death of both immune cells and bacteria is induced rapidly by DRS-DA2 and that the membrane is permeabilized, leading to the loss of membrane integrity. We also validated the capacity of DRS-DA2 to regulate the pool of inflammatory cells in vivo in a mouse model of noninfectious peritonitis. After the induction of peritonitis, a local injection of DRS-DA2N could decrease the number of inflammatory cells locally in the peritoneal cavity without inducing a systemic effect, as no changes in the number of inflammatory cells could be detected in blood or in the bone marrow. Collectively, these data suggest that this peptide could be a promising tool in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory skin diseases, as it could reduce the number of inflammatory cells locally without suppressing the ability to combat infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Lacombe
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Paris, France
- Faculté des Sciences, Université Paris Est-Créteil Val de Marne, Créteil, France
| | - Estefania Aleman-Navaro
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
- Posgrado de Ciencias Bioquímicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Thierry Drujon
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Veronica Martinez-Osorio
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
- Posgrado de Ciencias Bioquímicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Emmanuelle Sachon
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Paris, France
- Plateforme MS3U Mass Spectrometry Sciences Sorbonne University, Fédération de Chimie Moléculaire de Paris Centre, FR2769, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Erika Melchy-Pérez
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Ludovic Carlier
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Lorena Elizabeth Fajardo Brigido
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
- Posgrado de Ciencias Bioquímicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yannick Fleury
- LUBEM EA 3882, IUT Quimper, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Quimper, France
| | - Christophe Piesse
- Plateforme de Synthèse Peptidique, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (ISBS), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Guadalupe Gutiérrez-Escobedo
- IPICYT, División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Alejandro De Las Peñas
- IPICYT, División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Irene Castaño
- IPICYT, División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Florie Desriac
- LUBEM EA 3882, IUT Quimper, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Quimper, France
| | - Jose Luis Beristain-Hernandez
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Clinic, General Surgery Department La Raza National Medical Center, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Christophe Combadiere
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de Santé et de Recherche Medicale (Inserm), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Cimi-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Yvonne Rosenstein
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Constance Auvynet
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Ikeda T, Kondo H, Nunomura D, Sato G, Ito M, Yamanaka N, Iwamuro S, Hasunuma I, Kikuyama S, Kobayashi T. Molecular Cloning, Expression Analyses, and Physiological Roles of Cathelicidins in the Bursa of Fabricius of the Japanese Quail, Coturnix japonica. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1341. [PMID: 37627761 PMCID: PMC10451233 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) act directly on pathogens and maintain the anti-inflammatory effects and activation of immunocompetent cells. Therefore, the activation of the immune system in poultry via the elevation of endogenous AMPs has been attempted. In this study, we focused on the host defense mechanisms in the bursa of Fabricius (BF) of Japanese quail, cloned the cDNA of cathelicidin (CATH)-1 to -3, and analyzed their expression sites. In situ hybridization experiments revealed the mRNA expression of the CATHs in the interfollicular epithelium surrounding the lumen of the quail BF, which suggests that each CATH may exert its antimicrobial action directly in the BF. The intravenous injection of bacterial lipoteichoic acid and lipopolysaccharide endotoxins into the quail promoted the mRNA expression of CATH-1 and CATH-3 in the BF. The addition of CATH-1 or CATH-2 at the time of the antigen injection into mice resulted in antiserum with high antibody titers. Ad libitum administration of butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid, in the drinking water induced an increase in CATH-2 mRNA expression in the BF under certain conditions. These results may improve the defense mechanisms of quail by stimulating CATH expression in the BF through their diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Ikeda
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Hirotada Kondo
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Daiki Nunomura
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Genki Sato
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Machi Ito
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Nanako Yamanaka
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi 274-8510, Japan (S.I.); (I.H.)
| | - Shawichi Iwamuro
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi 274-8510, Japan (S.I.); (I.H.)
| | - Itaru Hasunuma
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi 274-8510, Japan (S.I.); (I.H.)
| | - Sakae Kikuyama
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Center for Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan;
| | - Tetsuya Kobayashi
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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Yi J, Deng Q, Liu Z, Wang H, Liu X, Ren J, Qu X. Nanozyme-Based Supramolecular Self-Assembly As an Artificial Host Defense System For Treatment of Bacterial Infections. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301096. [PMID: 37066737 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The proper functioning of host defense system (HDS) is the key to combating bacterial infection in biological organisms. However, the delicate HDS may be dysfunctional or dysregulated, resulting in persistent infection, tissue damage, or delayed wound healing. Herein, a powerful artificial "host defense system" (aHDS) is designed and constructed for treatment of bacterial infections. First, the aHDS can quickly trap the bacteria by electrostatic interactions. Next, the system can be stimulated to produce large amounts of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) and exert strong antibacterial effects, which can further regulate the immune microenvironment, leading to macrophage polarization from M0 to pro-inflammatory phenotype (M1) for synergistic bacteria killing. At the later stages, the system can exhibit excellent antioxidant enzyme-like activities to reprogram the M1 macrophage to anti-inflammatory phenotype (M2) for accelerating wound healing. This powerful aHDS can effectively combat the bacteria and avoid excessive inflammatory responses for the treatment of bacteria-infected wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiadai Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resources Utilization and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resources Utilization and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Zhenqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resources Utilization and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Huan Wang
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Xuemeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resources Utilization and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Jinsong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resources Utilization and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Xiaogang Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resources Utilization and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, P. R. China
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5
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Guo X, An Y, Tan W, Ma L, Wang M, Li J, Li B, Hou W, Wu L. Cathelicidin-derived antiviral peptide inhibits herpes simplex virus 1 infection. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1201505. [PMID: 37342565 PMCID: PMC10277505 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1201505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is a widely distributed virus. HSV-1 is a growing public health concern due to the emergence of drug-resistant strains and the current lack of a clinically specific drug for treatment. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the development of peptide antivirals. Natural host-defense peptides which have uniquely evolved to protect the host have been reported to have antiviral properties. Cathelicidins are a family of multi-functional antimicrobial peptides found in almost all vertebrate species and play a vital role in the immune system. In this study, we demonstrated the anti-HSV-1 effect of an antiviral peptide named WL-1 derived from human cathelicidin. We found that WL-1 inhibited HSV-1 infection in epithelial and neuronal cells. Furthermore, the administration of WL-1 improved the survival rate and reduced viral load and inflammation during HSV-1 infection via ocular scarification. Moreover, facial nerve dysfunction, involving the abnormal blink reflex, nose position, and vibrissae movement, and pathological injury were prevented when HSV-1 ear inoculation-infected mice were treated with WL-1. Together, our findings demonstrate that WL-1 may be a potential novel antiviral agent against HSV-1 infection-induced facial palsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Yanxing An
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Wanmin Tan
- Department of Medical Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ling Ma
- Department of Medical Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Mingyang Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Juyan Li
- Department of Medical Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Binghong Li
- Department of Medical Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Li Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Duarte-Mata DI, Salinas-Carmona MC. Antimicrobial peptides´ immune modulation role in intracellular bacterial infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1119574. [PMID: 37056758 PMCID: PMC10086130 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1119574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular bacteria cause a wide range of diseases, and their intracellular lifestyle makes infections difficult to resolve. Furthermore, standard therapy antibiotics are often unable to eliminate the infection because they have poor cellular uptake and do not reach the concentrations needed to kill bacteria. In this context, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a promising therapeutic approach. AMPs are short cationic peptides. They are essential components of the innate immune response and important candidates for therapy due to their bactericidal properties and ability to modulate host immune responses. AMPs control infections through their diverse immunomodulatory effects stimulating and/or boosting immune responses. This review focuses on AMPs described to treat intracellular bacterial infections and the known immune mechanisms they influence.
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Cheng Z, McLaughlin DL, Little MW, Ferris C, Salavati M, Ingvartsen KL, Crowe MA, Wathes DC. Proportion of Concentrate in the Diet of Early Lactation Dairy Cows Has Contrasting Effects on Circulating Leukocyte Global Transcriptomic Profiles, Health and Fertility According to Parity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010039. [PMID: 36613482 PMCID: PMC9820068 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The functionality of circulating leukocytes in dairy cows is suppressed after calving, with negative energy balance as a risk factor. Leukocyte transcriptomic profiles were compared separately in 44 multiparous (MP) and 18 primiparous (PP) Holstein-Friesian cows receiving diets differing in concentrate proportion to test whether immune dysfunction could be mitigated by appropriate nutrition. After calving, cows were offered either (1) low concentrate (LC); (2) medium concentrate (MC) or (3) high concentrate (HC) diets with proportions of concentrate to grass silage of 30%:70%, 50%:50% and 70%:30%, respectively. Cow phenotype data collected included circulating metabolites, milk yield and health and fertility records. RNA sequencing of circulating leukocytes at 14 days in milk was performed. The HC diet improved energy balance in both age groups. There were more differentially expressed genes in PP than MP cows (460 vs. 173, HC vs. LC comparison) with few overlaps. The MP cows on the LC diet showed upregulation of the complement and coagulation cascade and innate immune defence mechanisms against pathogens and had a trend of more cases of mastitis and poorer fertility. In contrast, the PP cows on the HC diet showed greater immune responses based on both gene expression and phenotypic data and longer interval of calving to conception. The leukocytes of MP and PP cows therefore responded differentially to the diets between age, nutrient supply and immunity affecting their health and subsequent fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangrui Cheng
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Danielle L. McLaughlin
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Mark W. Little
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK
| | - Conrad Ferris
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK
| | - Mazdak Salavati
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Easter Bush Campus, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Klaus L. Ingvartsen
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, Aarhus University, 8000 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Mark A. Crowe
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - D. Claire Wathes
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK
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The Antimicrobial Peptide 1018-K6 Interacts Distinctly with Eukaryotic and Bacterial Membranes, the Basis of Its Specificity and Bactericidal Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012392. [PMID: 36293249 PMCID: PMC9603936 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since penicillin was discovered, antibiotics have been critical in the fight against infections. However, antibiotic misuse has led to drug resistance, which now constitutes a serious health problem. In this context, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) constitute a natural group of short proteins, varying in structure and length, that act against certain types of bacterial pathogens. The antimicrobial peptide 1018-K6 (VRLIVKVRIWRR- NH2) has significant bactericidal and antibiofilm activity against Listeria monocytogenes isolates, and against different strains and serotypes of Salmonella. Here, the mechanism of action of 1018-K6 was explored further to understand the peptide-membrane interactions relevant to its activity, and to define their determinants. We combined studies with model synthetic membranes (liposomes) and model biological membranes, assessing the absorption maximum and the quenching of 1018-K6 fluorescence in aqueous and lipid environments, the self-quenching of carboxyfluorescein, as well as performing lipid sedimentation assays. The data obtained reflect the differential interactions of the 1018-K6 peptide with eukaryotic and prokaryotic membranes, and the specific interactions and mechanisms of action in the three prokaryotic species studied: Salmonella Typhimurium2GN, Escherichia coli3GN, and Staphylococcus aureus3GP. The AMP 1018-K6 is a candidate to prevent (food preservation) or treat (antibiotic use) infections caused by certain pathogenic bacteria, especially some that are resistant to current antibiotics.
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Bioengineering Approaches to Fight against Orthopedic Biomaterials Related-Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911658. [PMID: 36232956 PMCID: PMC9569980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most serious complications following the implantation of orthopedic biomaterials is the development of infection. Orthopedic implant-related infections do not only entail clinical problems and patient suffering, but also cause a burden on healthcare care systems. Additionally, the ageing of the world population, in particular in developed countries, has led to an increase in the population above 60 years. This is a significantly vulnerable population segment insofar as biomaterials use is concerned. Implanted materials are highly susceptible to bacterial and fungal colonization and the consequent infection. These microorganisms are often opportunistic, taking advantage of the weakening of the body defenses at the implant surface–tissue interface to attach to tissues or implant surfaces, instigating biofilm formation and subsequent development of infection. The establishment of biofilm leads to tissue destruction, systemic dissemination of the pathogen, and dysfunction of the implant/bone joint, leading to implant failure. Moreover, the contaminated implant can be a reservoir for infection of the surrounding tissue where microorganisms are protected. Therefore, the biofilm increases the pathogenesis of infection since that structure offers protection against host defenses and antimicrobial therapies. Additionally, the rapid emergence of bacterial strains resistant to antibiotics prompted the development of new alternative approaches to prevent and control implant-related infections. Several concepts and approaches have been developed to obtain biomaterials endowed with anti-infective properties. In this review, several anti-infective strategies based on biomaterial engineering are described and discussed in terms of design and fabrication, mechanisms of action, benefits, and drawbacks for preventing and treating orthopaedic biomaterials-related infections.
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Recent Advances in Multifunctional Antimicrobial Peptides as Immunomodulatory and Anticancer Therapy: Chromogranin A-Derived Peptides and Dermaseptins as Endogenous versus Exogenous Actors. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102014. [PMID: 36297449 PMCID: PMC9608009 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are produced by all living organisms exhibiting antimicrobial activities and representing the first line of innate defense against pathogens. In this context, AMPs are suggested as an alternative to classical antibiotics. However, several researchers reported their involvement in different processes defining them as Multifunctional AMPs (MF-AMPs). Interestingly, these agents act as the endogenous responses of the human organism against several dangerous stimuli. Still, they are identified in other organisms and evaluated for their anticancer therapy. Chromogranin A (CgA) is a glyco-phosphoprotein discovered for the first time in the adrenal medulla but also produced in several cells. CgA can generate different derived AMPs influencing numerous physiological processes. Dermaseptins (DRSs) are a family of α-helical-shaped polycationic peptides isolated from the skin secretions of several leaf frogs from the Phyllomedusidae family. Several DRSs were identified as AMPs and, until now, more than 65 DRSs have been classified. Recently, these exogenous molecules were characterized for their anticancer activity. In this review, we summarize the role of these two classes of MF-AMPs as an example of endogenous molecules for CgA-derived peptides, able to modulate inflammation but also as exogenous molecules for DRSs, exerting anticancer activities.
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11
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Emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant foodborne pathogens from farm to table. Food Sci Biotechnol 2022; 31:1481-1499. [PMID: 36065433 PMCID: PMC9435411 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01157-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics have been overused and misused for preventive and therapeutic purposes. Specifically, antibiotics are frequently used as growth promoters for improving productivity and performance of food-producing animals such as pigs, cattle, and poultry. The increasing use of antibiotics has been of great concern worldwide due to the emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Food-producing animals are considered reservoirs for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and residual antibiotics that transfer from the farm through the table. The accumulation of residual antibiotics can lead to additional antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Therefore, this review evaluates the risk of carriage and spread of antibiotic resistance through food chain and the potential impact of antibiotic use in food-producing animals on food safety. This review also includes in-depth discussion of promising antibiotic alternatives such as vaccines, immune modulators, phytochemicals, antimicrobial peptides, probiotics, and bacteriophages.
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Antimicrobial Peptides in Early-Life Host Defense, Perinatal Infections, and Necrotizing Enterocolitis—An Update. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11175074. [PMID: 36079001 PMCID: PMC9457252 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11175074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Host defense against early-life infections such as chorioamnionitis, neonatal sepsis, or necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) relies primarily on innate immunity, in which antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play a major role. AMPs that are important for the fetus and neonate include α and β defensins, cathelicidin LL-37, antiproteases (elafin, SLPI), and hepcidin. They can be produced by the fetus or neonate, the placenta, chorioamniotic membranes, recruited neutrophils, and milk-protein ingestion or proteolysis. They possess antimicrobial, immunomodulating, inflammation-regulating, and tissue-repairing properties. AMPs are expressed as early as the 13th week and increase progressively through gestation. Limited studies are available on AMP expression and levels in the fetus and neonate. Nevertheless, existing evidence supports the role of AMPs in pathogenesis of chorioamnionitis, neonatal sepsis, and NEC, and their association with disease severity. This suggests a potential role of AMPs in diagnosis, prevention, prognosis, and treatment of sepsis and NEC. Herein, we present an overview of the antimicrobial and immunomodulating properties of human AMPs, their sources in the intrauterine environment, fetus, and neonate, and their changes during pre- and post-natal infections and NEC. We also discuss emerging data regarding the potential utility of AMPs in early-life infections, as diagnostic or predictive biomarkers and as therapeutic alternatives or adjuncts to antibiotic therapy considering the increase of antibiotic resistance in neonatal intensive care units.
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Miyake R, Iwamoto K, Sakai N, Matsunae K, Aziz F, Sugai M, Takahagi S, Tanaka A, Hide M. Uptake of Staphylococcus aureus by keratinocytes is reduced by interferon-fibronectin pathway and filaggrin expression. J Dermatol 2022; 49:1148-1157. [PMID: 35983802 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is frequently detected in the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). AD skin-derived strains of S. aureus (AD strain) are selectively internalized into keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) compared to standard strains. However, the mechanism of AD strain internalization by keratinocytes and effect of the skin environment on internalization remain unclear. HaCaT cells were exposed to heat-killed AD or standard strains of fluorescently labeled S. aureus, with or without interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-13 cytokines, for 24 h. Filaggrin and fibronectin expression in HaCaT cells was knocked down using small interfering RNA. The amount of internalized S. aureus was evaluated using a cell imaging system. The effects of INF-γ, IL-4, and S. aureus exposure on mRNA expression in HaCaT cells were analyzed using single-cell RNA sequencing. AD strains adhered to HaCaT cells in approximately 15 min and were increasingly internalized for up to 3 h (2361 ± 467 spots/100 cells, mean ± SD), whereas the standard strain was not (991 ± 71 spots/100 cells). In the presence of IFN-γ, both the number of internalized strains and fibronectin expression significantly decreased compared to in the control, whereas Th2 cytokines had no significant effects. The number of internalized AD strains was significantly higher in filaggrin knockdown and lower in fibronectin knockdown HaCaT cells compared to in the control. RNA sequencing revealed that IFN-γ decreased both fibronectin and filaggrin expression. Keratinocyte internalization of the AD strain may be predominantly mediated by the INF-γ-fibronectin pathway and partially regulated by filaggrin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryu Miyake
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Iwamoto
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Norio Sakai
- Department of Molecular and Pharmacological Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kyoka Matsunae
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Fatkhanuddin Aziz
- Department of Bioresources Technology and Veterinary, Vocational, College Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Motoyuki Sugai
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Takahagi
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akio Tanaka
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Michihiro Hide
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Department of Dermatology Hiroshima Citizens Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
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Kalló G, Kumar A, Tőzsér J, Csősz É. Chemical Barrier Proteins in Human Body Fluids. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071472. [PMID: 35884778 PMCID: PMC9312486 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical barriers are composed of those sites of the human body where potential pathogens can contact the host cells. A chemical barrier is made up by different proteins that are part of the antimicrobial and immunomodulatory protein/peptide (AMP) family. Proteins of the AMP family exert antibacterial, antiviral, and/or antifungal activity and can modulate the immune system. Besides these proteins, a wide range of proteases and protease inhibitors can also be found in the chemical barriers maintaining a proteolytic balance in the host and/or the pathogens. In this review, we aimed to identify the chemical barrier components in nine human body fluids. The interaction networks of the chemical barrier proteins in each examined body fluid were generated as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergő Kalló
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.K.); (J.T.); (É.C.)
- Biomarker Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-52-416432
| | - Ajneesh Kumar
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.K.); (J.T.); (É.C.)
- Biomarker Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - József Tőzsér
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.K.); (J.T.); (É.C.)
- Biomarker Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Laboratory of Retroviral Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Csősz
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.K.); (J.T.); (É.C.)
- Biomarker Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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15
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Yu H, Shang L, Yang G, Dai Z, Zeng X, Qiao S. Biosynthetic Microcin J25 Exerts Strong Antibacterial, Anti-Inflammatory Activities, Low Cytotoxicity Without Increasing Drug-Resistance to Bacteria Target. Front Immunol 2022; 13:811378. [PMID: 35250983 PMCID: PMC8894198 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.811378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistant (MDR) bacterial infection has emerged, raising concerns about untreatable infections, and posing the highest health risks. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are thought to be the best remedy for this problem. Here, we showed biosynthetic microcin J25 (MccJ25) exhibited excellent bactericidal activity against standard and clinically relevant veterinary MDR strains with high stability, no cytotoxicity, and no increase in drug resistance. Analysis of antimicrobial mechanism possessed by sensitive enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) based on electron microscopy and Sytox Green methods was carried out. Results showed excellent activity against ETEC was due to permeabilizing bacterial membranes and strong affinity. MccJ25 exhibited high endotoxin-neutralizing activity in both in vivo and in vitro environments, and mice exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) showed decreased plasma LPS levels and improved survival after administration of MccJ25. In an LPS-treated mouse septicemia model, MccJ25 treatment significantly alleviated inflammatory responses by inhibiting proinflammatory factor secretion and expression. In a mouse E. coli infection model, administration of MccJ25 effectively improved host defense against clinically source cocktail of multidrug-resistant E. coli strains induced intestinal inflammation and bacteria dissemination. Results of studies on anti-inflammatory mechanisms showed that MccJ25 downregulated nuclear factor kappa B kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase, thereby reducing the production of toll-like receptor 4, myeloid differentiation factor 88 and decreasing the key proinflammatory cytokines. These findings clarify MccJ25 may be an ideal antibacterial/antiendotoxic drug candidate that has the potential to further guide the development of anti-inflammatory and/or antimicrobial agents in the war against MDR bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Industry Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Immunology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Industry Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biofeed Additives, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangxin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Industry Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biofeed Additives, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziqi Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Industry Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biofeed Additives, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangfang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Industry Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biofeed Additives, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyan Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Industry Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biofeed Additives, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Shiyan Qiao,
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McGrath L, O'Keeffe J, Slattery O. Antimicrobial peptide gene expression in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) seven days post-challenge with Neoparamoeba perurans. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:104287. [PMID: 34619176 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Amoebic gill disease in teleost fish is caused by the marine parasite Neoparamoeba perurans. To date, the role of antimicrobial peptides β-defensins and cathelicidins in this infection have not been explored. Using a high-throughput microfluidics quantitative polymerase chain reaction system (Biomark HD™ by Fluidigm), this study aimed to: firstly, to investigate organ-specific expression of antimicrobial peptide genes β-defensin-1, -3 and -4 and cathelicidin 2 in healthy Atlantic salmon; secondly, to compare the expression of these antimicrobial peptide genes in healthy versus asymptomatic Atlantic salmon seven days post-challenge with Neoparamoeba perurans. Results from this study indicate expression of the β-defensin and cathelicidin genes in the selected organs from healthy Atlantic salmon. Furthermore, a statistically significant upregulation of β-defensins -3 and -4 and cathelicidin 2 was detected in gill of parasite-challenged salmon. The upregulated cathelicidin and β-defensin genes in gill could indicate novel potential roles in innate immune responses to Neoparamoeba perurans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leisha McGrath
- Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Dublin Rd., Galway, H91 T8NW, Ireland
| | - Joan O'Keeffe
- Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Dublin Rd., Galway, H91 T8NW, Ireland
| | - Orla Slattery
- Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Dublin Rd., Galway, H91 T8NW, Ireland.
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Akbarian M, Khani A, Eghbalpour S, Uversky VN. Bioactive Peptides: Synthesis, Sources, Applications, and Proposed Mechanisms of Action. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031445. [PMID: 35163367 PMCID: PMC8836030 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive peptides are a group of biological molecules that are normally buried in the structure of parent proteins and become active after the cleavage of the proteins. Another group of peptides is actively produced and found in many microorganisms and the body of organisms. Today, many groups of bioactive peptides have been marketed chemically or recombinantly. This article reviews the various production methods and sources of these important/ubiquitous and useful biomolecules. Their applications, such as antimicrobial, antihypertensive, antioxidant activities, blood-lipid-lowering effect, opioid role, antiobesity, ability to bind minerals, antidiabetic, and antiaging effects, will be explored. The types of pathways proposed for bioactive applications will be in the next part of the article, and at the end, the future perspectives of bioactive peptides will be reviewed. Reading this article is recommended for researchers interested in various fields of physiology, microbiology, biochemistry, and nanotechnology and food industry professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Akbarian
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
| | - Ali Khani
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran;
| | - Sara Eghbalpour
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Surgery, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol 4717647745, Iran;
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(813)-974-5816
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18
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Warner JB, Larsen IS, Hardesty JE, Song YL, Warner DR, McClain CJ, Sun R, Deng Z, Jensen BAH, Kirpich IA. Human Beta Defensin 2 Ameliorated Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease in Mice. Front Physiol 2022; 12:812882. [PMID: 35153819 PMCID: PMC8829467 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.812882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a prevalent liver disorder and significant global healthcare burden with limited effective therapeutic options. The gut-liver axis is a critical factor contributing to susceptibility to liver injury due to alcohol consumption. In the current study, we tested whether human beta defensin-2 (hBD-2), a small anti-microbial peptide, attenuates experimental chronic ALD. Male C57Bl/6J mice were fed an ethanol (EtOH)-containing diet for 6 weeks with daily administration of hBD-2 (1.2 mg/kg) by oral gavage during the final week. Two independent cohorts of mice with distinct baseline gut microbiota were used. Oral hBD-2 administration attenuated liver injury in both cohorts as determined by decreased plasma ALT activity. Notably, the degree of hBD-2-mediated reduction of EtOH-associated liver steatosis, hepatocellular death, and inflammation was different between cohorts, suggesting microbiota-specific mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of hBD-2. Indeed, we observed differential mechanisms of hBD-2 between cohorts, which included an induction of hepatic and small intestinal IL-17A and IL-22, as well as an increase in T regulatory cell abundance in the gut and mesenteric lymph nodes. Lastly, hBD-2 modulated the gut microbiota composition in EtOH-fed mice in both cohorts, with significant decreases in multiple genera including Barnesiella, Parabacteroides, Akkermansia, and Alistipes, as well as altered abundance of several bacteria within the family Ruminococcaceae. Collectively, our results demonstrated a protective effect of hBD-2 in experimental ALD associated with immunomodulation and microbiota alteration. These data suggest that while the beneficial effects of hBD-2 on liver injury are uniform, the specific mechanisms of action are associated with baseline microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey B. Warner
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Ida S. Larsen
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute (IUCPQ), Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec city, QC, Canada
| | - Josiah E. Hardesty
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Ying L. Song
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Dennis R. Warner
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Craig J. McClain
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
- University of Louisville Alcohol Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
- University of Louisville Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
- Robley Rex Veterans Medical Center, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Rui Sun
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Zhongbin Deng
- University of Louisville Alcohol Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
- University of Louisville Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Benjamin A. H. Jensen
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute (IUCPQ), Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec city, QC, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Irina A. Kirpich
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
- University of Louisville Alcohol Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
- University of Louisville Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
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Haitao Y, Yifan C, Mingchao S, Shuaijuan H. A Novel Polymeric Nanohybrid Antimicrobial Engineered by Antimicrobial Peptide MccJ25 and Chitosan Nanoparticles Exerts Strong Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Activities. Front Immunol 2022; 12:811381. [PMID: 35126369 PMCID: PMC8807516 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.811381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection caused by antibiotic-resistant microorganisms (ARMs) has been declared a global threat to public health. Polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) formed by antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and synthetic PNPs against ARM infections are emerging. PNPs are also considered to be a promising natural biological preservative that prevents microbial spoilage through food processing and preservation. We engineered CNMs, a novel nanocomposite antibacterial agent based on chitosan nanoparticles and AMP microcin J25. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the comprehensive antimicrobial activity, potential antimicrobial mechanism, and anti-inflammatory activity of CNMs. We demonstrated that CNMs harbor excellent bactericidal activity against clinical foodborne pathogens and ARMs. CNMs caused fast mortality against different growth phases of tetracycline (Tet)-resistant enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and significantly killed Tet-resistant ETEC in food biological environments. Mechanistically, CNMs have the ability to bind lipopolysaccharides (LPS), neutralize endotoxin, and promote diaphragm permeability by damaging the cell membrane. CNMs did not cause mouse RAW264.7 cell cytotoxicity. Notably, CNMs significantly reduced the cytotoxicity of RAW264.7 macrophages induced by LPS. The LPS-induced inflammatory response was significantly ameliorated by CNMs by reducing the levels of nitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-1β, Toll-like receptor 4, and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), in LPS-challenged RAW264.7 macrophages. CNMs downregulated the NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways, thereby inhibiting inflammatory responses upon LPS stimulation. Taken together, CNMs could be applied as effective antimicrobial/anti-inflammatory agents with lower cytotoxicity in food, medicine, and agriculture to prevent bacterial contamination and infection, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Haitao
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Chen Yifan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Sun Mingchao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Han Shuaijuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- *Correspondence: Han Shuaijuan,
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20
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Host Defence Peptides in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Patients with Periodontal Disease. A Systematic Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11122210. [PMID: 34943445 PMCID: PMC8700015 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11122210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to critically assess and review the latest evidence relating the associations between host defence peptides (HDPs), periodontal diseases (PD) and diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2). To explore studies on HDPs, periodontal disease, and DM2, researchers utilised specific key phrases to search the electronic databases PubMed (National Library of Medicine), Embase (Ovid), Medline (EBSCO), and Dentistry and Oral Sciences (EBSCO). Quality assessment was conducted by means of the Newcastle Ottawa scale and the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) tool. Following a thorough screening process, a total of 12 papers (4 case-control, 6 cross-sectional, 1 animal, and 1 in vitro) fulfilled the selection criteria and were included. The majority of research found that HDPs were upregulated in DM2 patients with PD. Three investigations, however, found that HDPs were downregulated in DM2 patients with PD. HDPs play a part in the pathophysiology of PD and DM2. Nonetheless, more human, animal and laboratory investigations are needed to fully understand validation of the link, as the evidence is limited. Understanding HDPs as common moderators is critical, aimed at unlocking their potential as therapeutic and diagnostic agents.
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21
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Beadell BA, Chieng A, Parducho KR, Dai Z, Ho SO, Fujii G, Wang Y, Porter E. Nano- and Macroscale Imaging of Cholesterol Linoleate and Human Beta Defensin 2-Induced Changes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10111279. [PMID: 34827217 PMCID: PMC8615053 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The biofilm production of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is central to establishing chronic infection in the airways in cystic fibrosis. Epithelial cells secrete an array of innate immune factors, including antimicrobial proteins and lipids, such as human beta defensin 2 (HBD2) and cholesteryl lineolate (CL), respectively, to combat colonization by pathogens. We have recently shown that HBD2 inhibits biofilm production by PA, possibly linked to interference with the transport of biofilm precursors. Considering that both HBD2 and CL are increased in airway fluids during infection, we hypothesized that CL synergizes with HBD2 in biofilm inhibition. CL was formulated in phospholipid-based liposomes (CL-PL). As measured by atomic force microscopy of single bacteria, CL-PL alone and in combination with HBD2 significantly increased bacterial surface roughness. Additionally, extracellular structures emanated from untreated bacterial cells, but not from cells treated with CL-PL and HBD2 alone and in combination. Crystal violet staining of the biofilm revealed that CL-PL combined with HBD2 effected a significant decrease of biofilm mass and increased the number of larger biofilm particles consistent with altered cohesion of formed biofilms. These data suggest that CL and HBD2 affect PA biofilm formation at the single cell and community-wide level and that the community-wide effects of CL are enhanced by HBD2. This research may inform future novel treatments for recalcitrant infections in the airways of CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent A. Beadell
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; (B.A.B.); (K.R.P.)
| | - Andy Chieng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; (A.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Kevin R. Parducho
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; (B.A.B.); (K.R.P.)
| | - Zhipeng Dai
- Molecular Express, Inc., Rancho Dominguez, CA 90220, USA; (Z.D.); (S.O.H.); (G.F.)
| | - Sam On Ho
- Molecular Express, Inc., Rancho Dominguez, CA 90220, USA; (Z.D.); (S.O.H.); (G.F.)
| | - Gary Fujii
- Molecular Express, Inc., Rancho Dominguez, CA 90220, USA; (Z.D.); (S.O.H.); (G.F.)
| | - Yixian Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; (A.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Edith Porter
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; (B.A.B.); (K.R.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-323-343-6353
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Therapeutic Effect of an Antibody-Derived Peptide in a Galleria mellonella Model of Systemic Candidiasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222010904. [PMID: 34681564 PMCID: PMC8536055 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthetic peptide T11F (TCRVDHRGLTF), with sequence identical to a fragment of the constant region of human IgM, and most of its alanine-substituted derivatives proved to possess a significant candidacidal activity in vitro. In this study, the therapeutic efficacy of T11F, D5A, the derivative most active in vitro, and F11A, characterized by a different conformation, was investigated in Galleria mellonella larvae infected with Candida albicans. A single injection of F11A and D5A derivatives, in contrast with T11F, led to a significant increase in survival of larvae injected with a lethal inoculum of C. albicans cells, in comparison with infected animals treated with saline. Peptide modulation of host immunity upon C. albicans infection was determined by hemocyte analysis and larval histology, highlighting a different immune stimulation by the studied peptides. F11A, particularly, was the most active in eliciting nodule formation, melanization and fat body activation, leading to a better control of yeast infection. Overall, the obtained data suggest a double role for F11A, able to simultaneously target the fungus and the host immune system, resulting in a more efficient pathogen clearance.
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Ajingi YS, Rukying N, Aroonsri A, Jongruja N. Recombinant active Peptides and their Therapeutic functions. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 23:645-663. [PMID: 34225618 DOI: 10.2174/1389201022666210702123934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant active peptides are utilized as diagnostic and biotherapeutics in various maladies and as bacterial growth inhibitors in the food industry. This consequently stimulated the need for recombinant peptides' production, which resulted in about 19 approved biotech peptides of 1-100 amino acids commercially available. While most peptides have been produced by chemical synthesis, the production of lengthy and complicated peptides comprising natural amino acids has been problematic with low quantity. Recombinant peptide production has become very vital, cost-effective, simple, environmentally friendly with satisfactory yields. Several reviews have focused on discussing expression systems, advantages, disadvantages, and alternatives strategies. Additionally, the information on the antimicrobial activities and other functions of multiple recombinant peptides is challenging to access and is scattered in literature apart from the food and drug administration (FDA) approved ones. From the reports that come to our knowledge, there is no existing review that offers substantial information on recombinant active peptides developed by researchers and their functions. This review provides an overview of some successfully produced recombinant active peptides of ≤100 amino acids by focusing on their antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anticancer, antioxidant, antimalarial, and immune-modulatory functions. It also elucidates their modes of expression that could be adopted and applied in future investigations. We expect that the knowledge available in this review would help researchers involved in recombinant active peptide development for therapeutic uses and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya'u Sabo Ajingi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok. Thailand
| | - Neeranuch Rukying
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kano University of Science and Technology (KUST), Wudil. Nigeria
| | - Aiyada Aroonsri
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Pathum Thani. Thailand
| | - Nujarin Jongruja
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kano University of Science and Technology (KUST), Wudil. Nigeria
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Fasina YO, Obanla T, Dosu G, Muzquiz S. Significance of Endogenous Antimicrobial Peptides on the Health of Food Animals. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:585266. [PMID: 34262957 PMCID: PMC8273337 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.585266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired resistance to in-feed antibiotic growth promoters continues to be an imperative problem in the livestock industries, thereby necessitating continuous pursuit for alternatives. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent a critical part of the host's innate immune system and have been documented to have immunomodulatory activity. Increasing research evidence suggests that in contrast to antibiotics, AMPs exert broad-spectrum antibacterial activity in a manner that reduces bacterial acquisition of resistance genes. This review summarizes current knowledge on the protective effects of endogenous (natural) AMPs in the gastrointestinal tract of food animals. Factors limiting the efficacy of these AMPs were also discussed and mitigating strategies were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yewande O Fasina
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | - Temitayo Obanla
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | - George Dosu
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | - Sierra Muzquiz
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, United States
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Puccetti M, Pariano M, Renga G, Santarelli I, D’Onofrio F, Bellet MM, Stincardini C, Bartoli A, Costantini C, Romani L, Ricci M, Giovagnoli S. Targeted Drug Delivery Technologies Potentiate the Overall Therapeutic Efficacy of an Indole Derivative in a Mouse Cystic Fibrosis Setting. Cells 2021; 10:1601. [PMID: 34202407 PMCID: PMC8305708 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a major role in the pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis (CF), a multisystem disease. Anti-inflammatory therapies are, therefore, of interest in CF, provided that the inhibition of inflammation does not compromise the ability to fight pathogens. Here, we assess whether indole-3-aldehyde (3-IAld), a ligand of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), may encompass such an activity. We resorted to biopharmaceutical technologies in order to deliver 3-IAld directly into the lung, via dry powder inhalation, or into the gut, via enteric microparticles, in murine models of CF infection and inflammation. We found the site-specific delivery of 3-IAld to be an efficient strategy to restore immune and microbial homeostasis in CF organs, and mitigate lung and gut inflammatory pathology in response to fungal infections, in the relative absence of local and systemic inflammatory toxicity. Thus, enhanced delivery to target organs of AhR agonists, such as 3-IAld, may pave the way for the development of safe and effective anti-inflammatory agents in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Puccetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Marilena Pariano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (G.R.); (I.S.); (F.D.); (M.M.B.); (C.S.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (L.R.)
| | - Giorgia Renga
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (G.R.); (I.S.); (F.D.); (M.M.B.); (C.S.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (L.R.)
| | - Ilaria Santarelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (G.R.); (I.S.); (F.D.); (M.M.B.); (C.S.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (L.R.)
| | - Fiorella D’Onofrio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (G.R.); (I.S.); (F.D.); (M.M.B.); (C.S.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (L.R.)
| | - Marina M. Bellet
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (G.R.); (I.S.); (F.D.); (M.M.B.); (C.S.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (L.R.)
| | - Claudia Stincardini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (G.R.); (I.S.); (F.D.); (M.M.B.); (C.S.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (L.R.)
| | - Andrea Bartoli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (G.R.); (I.S.); (F.D.); (M.M.B.); (C.S.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (L.R.)
| | - Claudio Costantini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (G.R.); (I.S.); (F.D.); (M.M.B.); (C.S.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (L.R.)
| | - Luigina Romani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (G.R.); (I.S.); (F.D.); (M.M.B.); (C.S.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (L.R.)
| | - Maurizio Ricci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Stefano Giovagnoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy;
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Global transcriptomic profiles of circulating leucocytes in early lactation cows with clinical or subclinical mastitis. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:4611-4623. [PMID: 34146201 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06494-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Bovine mastitis, an inflammatory disease of the mammary gland, is classified as subclinical or clinical. Circulating neutrophils are recruited to the udder to combat infection. We compared the transcriptomic profiles in circulating leukocytes between healthy cows and those with naturally occurring subclinical or clinical mastitis. Holstein Friesian dairy cows from six farms in EU countries were recruited. Based on milk somatic cell count and clinical records, cows were classified as healthy (n = 147), subclinically (n = 45) or clinically mastitic (n = 22). Circulating leukocyte RNA was sequenced with Illumina NextSeq single end reads (30 M). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the groups were identified using CLC Genomics Workbench V21, followed by GO enrichment analysis. Both subclinical and clinical mastitis caused significant changes in the leukocyte transcriptome, with more intensive changes attributed to clinical mastitis. We detected 769 DEGs between clinical and healthy groups, 258 DEGs between subclinical and healthy groups and 193 DEGs between clinical and subclinical groups. Most DEGs were associated with cell killing and immune processes. Many upregulated DEGs in clinical mastitis encoded antimicrobial peptides (AZU1, BCL3, CAMP, CATHL1, CATHL2, CATHL4,CATHL5, CATHL6, CCL1, CXCL2, CXCL13, DEFB1, DEFB10, DEFB4A, DEFB7, LCN2, PGLYRP1, PRTN3, PTX3, S100A8, S100A9, S100A12, SLC11A1, TF and LTF) which were not upregulated in subclinical mastitis. The use of transcriptomic profiles has identified a much greater up-regulation of genes encoding antimicrobial peptides in circulating leukocytes of cows with naturally occurring clinical compared with subclinical mastitis. These could play a key role in combatting disease organisms.
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Blancas B, Lanzagorta MDL, Jiménez‐Garcia LF, Lara R, Molinari JL, Fernández AM. Study of the ultrastructure of Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans incubated with salivary antimicrobial peptides. Clin Exp Dent Res 2021; 7:365-375. [PMID: 33951334 PMCID: PMC8204031 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Enterococcus faecalis has been associated with root canal infections, while Streptococcus mutans has a central role in the etiology of dental caries. One of the main reasons of endodontic failure has been associated to the presence of E. faecalis and the formation of biofilms. S. mutans inhabits the oral cavity, specifically the dental plaque, which is a multispecies biofilm formed on the hard surfaces of the tooth. The biofilm formation is the main factor determining the pathogenicity of numerous bacteria. Natural antimicrobial peptides in the saliva protect against pathogenic bacteria and biofilms. The aim of this study was to assess the ultrastructural damage induced by salivary peptides in bacteria involved in biofilms has not been previously studied. MATERIAL AND METHODS Enterococcus faecalis and S. mutans incubated with cystatin C, chromogranin A, or histatin 5 were morphologically analyzed and counted. The ultrastructural damage was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS A decrease in bacterial numbers was observed after incubation with cystatin C, chromogranin A, or histatin 5, compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Ultrastructural damage in E. faecalis and S. mutans incubated with salivary peptides was found in the cell wall, plasma membrane with a decreased distance between the bilayers, a granular pattern in the cytoplasm, and pyknotic nucleoids. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that salivary peptides exert antibacterial activity and induce morphological damage on E. faecalis and S. mutans. Knowledge on the ultrastructural damage inflicted by salivary antimicrobial peptides on two important bacteria causing dental caries and root canal infections could aid the design of new therapeutic approaches to facilitate the elimination of these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Blancas
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de MedicinaCol. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico
| | | | - Luis Felipe Jiménez‐Garcia
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de CienciasUNAM, Col. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico
| | - Reyna Lara
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de CienciasUNAM, Col. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico
| | - José Luis Molinari
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología EstructuralInstituto de Fisiología Celular, Col. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico
| | - Ana María Fernández
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de MedicinaCol. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico
- Instituto de Estudios Avanzados en Odontologia Dr. Yury Kuttler, Maestria en EndodonciaMexico CityMexico
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCSUniversidad Anáhuac México Campus NorteHuixquilucanMexico
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Torres MDT, Cao J, Franco OL, Lu TK, de la Fuente-Nunez C. Synthetic Biology and Computer-Based Frameworks for Antimicrobial Peptide Discovery. ACS NANO 2021; 15:2143-2164. [PMID: 33538585 PMCID: PMC8734659 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is one of the greatest challenges of our time. This global health problem originated from a paucity of truly effective antibiotic classes and an increased incidence of multi-drug-resistant bacterial isolates in hospitals worldwide. Indeed, it has been recently estimated that 10 million people will die annually from drug-resistant infections by the year 2050. Therefore, the need to develop out-of-the-box strategies to combat antibiotic resistance is urgent. The biological world has provided natural templates, called antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which exhibit multiple intrinsic medical properties including the targeting of bacteria. AMPs can be used as scaffolds and, via engineering, can be reconfigured for optimized potency and targetability toward drug-resistant pathogens. Here, we review the recent development of tools for the discovery, design, and production of AMPs and propose that the future of peptide drug discovery will involve the convergence of computational and synthetic biology principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo D T Torres
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jicong Cao
- Synthetic Biology Group, MIT Synthetic Biology Center, Department of Biological Engineering and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Octavio L Franco
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70790160, Brazil
- S-inova Biotech, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS 79117010, Brazil
| | - Timothy K Lu
- Synthetic Biology Group, MIT Synthetic Biology Center, Department of Biological Engineering and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Wang M, Zeng W, Zhang Z, Zhang W, Su H, Zhang Z, Jiang L, Liu Y, Shi Q. The Improvement of Immune Effect of Recombinant Human Beta-Defensin 2 on Hepatitis B Vaccine in Mice. Viral Immunol 2020; 34:96-111. [PMID: 33370550 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2020.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunization with hepatitis B vaccine is an effective measure for prevention and control of hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection. Although lots of efforts to improve the effect of hepatitis B vaccine have been made, the function of human beta defensin 2 (hBD2) on hepatitis B vaccine keeps unclear. In this article, we report that hBD2 not only promoted the activation and maturation of immature dendritic cells (iDCs) by increasing MHC II and CD86 expression, but it also significantly upregulated the mRNA level of IL-6 and IL-12B in mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. The serum concentrations of IFN-γ in mice stimulated with 300 ng hBD2 increased from 25.21 to 42.04 pg/mL, with a time extension from 4 to 12 h post-injection. During the process of three times immunization (1, 14, 28 days) with 3 μg hepatitis B vaccine combined with or without 300 ng hBD2 with a 2 week interval in BALB/c mice, the antibody against HBsAg (HBsAb) concentration in serum at every time point of observation in the combined group was statistically higher than the hepatitis B vaccine group. The serum concentration of IgG2a subclass HBsAb on the 14th day post last injection in the combined group was significantly higher than the hepatitis B vaccine group. Further, the splenic cells from the mice treated with both hBD2 and hepatitis B vaccine possessed a greater ability to produce a surface antigen of hepatitis B virus (HBsAg) specific IFN-γ than those treated with hepatitis B vaccine alone. The percentages of CD3+/CD4+ T cells and CD3+/CD8+ T lymphocytes in spleens from the mice treated with 300 ng hBD2 were statistically higher than the phosphate buffered saline group. These data suggest that hBD2 improves iDC maturation and the immune efficiency of hepatitis B vaccine in BALB/c mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meizhen Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China.,The Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxing Zeng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Examination, Yichun City People's Hospital, Yichun, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- The Community Health Service Center of Jianbei Sub-District Administration, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA.,Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Hong Su
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Examination, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixia Jiang
- Department of Clinical Examination, the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulin Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaofa Shi
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China.,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, Nanchang, People's Republic of China.,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
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Expression and Functional Characterization of a Novel Antimicrobial Peptide: Human Beta-Defensin 118. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1395304. [PMID: 33224970 PMCID: PMC7673234 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1395304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Purpose β-Defensin 118 (DEFB118) is a novel host defense peptide (HDP) identified in humans. To evaluate its potentials for future utilization, the DEFB118 gene was expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) and the recombinant protein was fully characterized. Methods The DEFB118 protein was obtained by heterologous expression using E. coli Rosetta (DE3). Antibacterial activity of DEFB118 was determined by using various bacterial strains. IPEC-J cells challenged by E. coli K88 were used to determine its influences on inflammatory responses. Results The E. coli transformants yielded more than 250 μg/mL DEFB118 protein after 4 h induction by 1.0 mM IPTG. The DEFB118 was estimated by SDS-PAGE to be 30 kDa, and MALDI-TOF analysis verified that it is a human β-defensin 118. Importantly, the DEFB118 showed antimicrobial activities against both Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli K88 and E. coli DH5α) and Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus and B. subtilis), with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 4 μg/mL. Hemolytic assays showed that DEFB118 had no detrimental impact on cell viability. Additionally, DEFB118 was found to elevate the viability of IPEC-J2 cells upon E. coli K88 challenge. Moreover, DEFB118 significantly decreased cell apoptosis in the late apoptosis phase and downregulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-α in IPEC-J2 cell exposure to E. coli K88. Conclusions These results suggested a novel function of the mammalian defensins, and the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties of DEFB118 may allow it as a potential substitute for conventionally used antibiotics or drugs.
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Bayirli BA, Öztürk A, Avci B. Serum vitamin D concentration is associated with antimicrobial peptide level in periodontal diseases. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 117:104827. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Ogawa D, Suzuki M, Inamura Y, Saito K, Hasunuma I, Kobayashi T, Kikuyama S, Iwamuro S. Antimicrobial Property and Mode of Action of the Skin Peptides of the Sado Wrinkled Frog, Glandirana susurra, against Animal and Plant Pathogens. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9080457. [PMID: 32751229 PMCID: PMC7460468 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9080457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Sado wrinkled frog Glandirana susurra has recently been classified as a new frog species endemic to Sado Island, Japan. In this study, we cloned 12 cDNAs encoding the biosynthetic precursors for brevinin-2SSa–2SSd, esculentin-2SSa, ranatuerin-2SSa, brevinin-1SSa–1SSd, granuliberin-SSa, and bradykinin-SSa from the skin of G. susurra. Among these antimicrobial peptides, we focused on brevinin-2SSb, ranatuerin-2SSa, and granuliberin-SSa, using their synthetic replicates to examine their activities against different reference strains of pathogenic microorganisms that infect animals and plants. In broth microdilution assays, brevinin-2SSb displayed antimicrobial activities against animal pathogens Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans and plant pathogens Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, and Pyricularia oryzae. Ranatuerin-2SSa and granuliberin-SSa were active against C. albicans and C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, and granuliberin-SSa also was active against the other plant pathogenic microbes. Scanning electron microscopic observations demonstrated that brevinin-2SSb, ranatuerin-2SSa, and granuliberin-SSa induced morphological abnormalities on the cell surface in a wide range of the reference pathogens. To assess the bacterial-endotoxin-binding ability of the peptides, we developed an enzyme-linked endotoxin-binding assay system and demonstrated that brevinin-2SSb and ranatuerin-2SSa both exhibited high affinity to lipopolysaccharide and moderate affinity to lipoteichoic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ogawa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan; (D.O.); (M.S.); (Y.I.); (K.S.); (I.H.)
| | - Manami Suzuki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan; (D.O.); (M.S.); (Y.I.); (K.S.); (I.H.)
| | - Yuriko Inamura
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan; (D.O.); (M.S.); (Y.I.); (K.S.); (I.H.)
| | - Kaito Saito
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan; (D.O.); (M.S.); (Y.I.); (K.S.); (I.H.)
| | - Itaru Hasunuma
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan; (D.O.); (M.S.); (Y.I.); (K.S.); (I.H.)
| | - Tetsuya Kobayashi
- Department of Regulatory Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan;
| | - Sakae Kikuyama
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Center for Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan;
| | - Shawichi Iwamuro
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan; (D.O.); (M.S.); (Y.I.); (K.S.); (I.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-47-472-5206
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Rangel-Muñoz N, Suarez-Arnedo A, Anguita R, Prats-Ejarque G, Osma JF, Muñoz-Camargo C, Boix E, Cruz JC, Salazar VA. Magnetite Nanoparticles Functionalized with RNases against Intracellular Infection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E631. [PMID: 32640506 PMCID: PMC7408537 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatments against bacterial infections have severe limitations, mainly due to the emergence of resistance to conventional antibiotics. In the specific case of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, they have shown a number of resistance mechanisms to counter most antibiotics. Human secretory RNases from the RNase A superfamily are proteins involved in a wide variety of biological functions, including antimicrobial activity. The objective of this work was to explore the intracellular antimicrobial action of an RNase 3/1 hybrid protein that combines RNase 1 high catalytic and RNase 3 bactericidal activities. To achieve this, we immobilized the RNase 3/1 hybrid on Polyetheramine (PEA)-modified magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs). The obtained nanobioconjugates were tested in macrophage-derived THP-1 cells infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. The obtained results show high antimicrobial activity of the functionalized hybrid protein (MNP-RNase 3/1) against the intracellular growth of P. aeruginosa of the functionalized hybrid protein. Moreover, the immobilization of RNase 3/1 enhances its antimicrobial and cell-penetrating activities without generating any significant cell damage. Considering the observed antibacterial activity, the immobilization of the RNase A superfamily and derived proteins represents an innovative approach for the development of new strategies using nanoparticles to deliver antimicrobials that counteract P. aeruginosa intracellular infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaly Rangel-Muñoz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1E No. 19a-40, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (N.R.-M.); (A.S.-A.); (C.M.-C.)
| | - Alejandra Suarez-Arnedo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1E No. 19a-40, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (N.R.-M.); (A.S.-A.); (C.M.-C.)
| | - Raúl Anguita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (R.A.); (G.P.-E.)
| | - Guillem Prats-Ejarque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (R.A.); (G.P.-E.)
| | - Johann F. Osma
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1E No. 19a-40, Bogotá 111711, Colombia;
| | - Carolina Muñoz-Camargo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1E No. 19a-40, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (N.R.-M.); (A.S.-A.); (C.M.-C.)
| | - Ester Boix
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (R.A.); (G.P.-E.)
| | - Juan C. Cruz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1E No. 19a-40, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (N.R.-M.); (A.S.-A.); (C.M.-C.)
| | - Vivian A. Salazar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (R.A.); (G.P.-E.)
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1E No. 19a-40, Bogotá 111711, Colombia;
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Kotani H, Koshizuka T, Matsubara K, Nishiyama K, Sugiyama T, Suzutani T. Relationship Between Human β-Defensin 2 and the Vaginal Environment. Jpn J Infect Dis 2020; 73:214-220. [PMID: 31875602 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2019.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As one of the main antimicrobial peptides, human β-defensin 2 (HBD2) plays multiple roles in the lower genital tract. Based on the Nugent score as a diagnostic criterion for bacterial vaginosis, we sought to clarify the correlations among the Nugent score and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and HBD2 levels in vaginal secretions in association with various types of infection. Ninety-eight women were recruited for this study. Levels of HBD2 and IL-6 in vaginal wash were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. According to the Nugent method, the number of Lactobacillus morphotypes per field of view was well correlated with the HBD2 level. The amount of HBD2 was also well correlated with the presence of Candida spp. (P < 0.01). In vitro experiments revealed that the expression of HBD2 from the human vaginal epithelial cell line, VK2/E6E7, was induced by the addition of heat-killed C. albicans (HKCA). The addition of HKCA induced expression of Dectin-1 mRNA. A luciferase assay for nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) responsive elements showed that HKCA activated NF-κB signaling. These results suggested that C. albicans induced the activation of Dectin-1 and (NF-κB) signaling, resulting in HBD2 expression. In conclusion, the expression of HBD2 positively correlated with the presence of Lactobacillus and Candida spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideko Kotani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tetsuo Koshizuka
- Department of Microbiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Keiichi Matsubara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kyoko Nishiyama
- Department of Microbiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Takashi Sugiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tatsuo Suzutani
- Department of Microbiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
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Harman JL, Loes AN, Warren GD, Heaphy MC, Lampi KJ, Harms MJ. Evolution of multifunctionality through a pleiotropic substitution in the innate immune protein S100A9. eLife 2020; 9:e54100. [PMID: 32255429 PMCID: PMC7213983 DOI: 10.7554/elife.54100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multifunctional proteins are evolutionary puzzles: how do proteins evolve to satisfy multiple functional constraints? S100A9 is one such multifunctional protein. It potently amplifies inflammation via Toll-like receptor four and is antimicrobial as part of a heterocomplex with S100A8. These two functions are seemingly regulated by proteolysis: S100A9 is readily degraded, while S100A8/S100A9 is resistant. We take an evolutionary biochemical approach to show that S100A9 evolved both functions and lost proteolytic resistance from a weakly proinflammatory, proteolytically resistant amniote ancestor. We identify a historical substitution that has pleiotropic effects on S100A9 proinflammatory activity and proteolytic resistance but has little effect on S100A8/S100A9 antimicrobial activity. We thus propose that mammals evolved S100A8/S100A9 antimicrobial and S100A9 proinflammatory activities concomitantly with a proteolytic 'timer' to selectively regulate S100A9. This highlights how the same mutation can have pleiotropic effects on one functional state of a protein but not another, thus facilitating the evolution of multifunctionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Harman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of OregonEugeneUnited States
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of OregonEugeneUnited States
| | - Andrea N Loes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of OregonEugeneUnited States
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of OregonEugeneUnited States
| | - Gus D Warren
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of OregonEugeneUnited States
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of OregonEugeneUnited States
| | - Maureen C Heaphy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of OregonEugeneUnited States
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of OregonEugeneUnited States
| | | | - Michael J Harms
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of OregonEugeneUnited States
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of OregonEugeneUnited States
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Costa NCS, Piccoli JP, Santos-Filho NA, Clementino LC, Fusco-Almeida AM, De Annunzio SR, Fontana CR, Verga JBM, Eto SF, Pizauro-Junior JM, Graminha MAS, Cilli EM. Antimicrobial activity of RP-1 peptide conjugate with ferrocene group. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228740. [PMID: 32214347 PMCID: PMC7098557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic diseases are a neglected and serious problem, especially in underdeveloped countries. Among the major parasitic diseases, Leishmaniasis figures as an urgent challenge due to its high incidence and severity. At the same time, the indiscriminate use of antibiotics by the population is increasing together with resistance to medicines. To address this problem, new antibiotic-like molecules that directly kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms are necessary, where antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) can be of great help. In this work, the ferrocene molecule, one active compound with low levels of in vivo toxicity, was coupled to the N-terminus of the RP1 peptide (derived from the human chemokine CXCL4), aiming to evaluate how this change modifies the structure, biological activity, and toxicity of the peptide. The peptide and the conjugate were synthesized using the solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). Circular dichroism assays in PBS showed that the RP1 peptide and its conjugate had a typical spectrum for disordered structures. The Fc-RP1 presented anti-amastigote activity against Leishmania amazonensis (IC50 = 0.25 μmol L–1). In comparison with amphotericin B, a second-line drug approved for leishmaniasis treatment, (IC50 = 0.63 μmol L-1), Fc-RP1 was more active and showed a 2.5-fold higher selectivity index. The RP1 peptide presented a MIC of 4.3 μmol L-1 against S. agalactiae, whilst Fc-RP1 was four times more active (MIC = 0.96 μmol L-1), indicating that ferrocene improved the antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. The Fc-RP1 peptide also decreased the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in the assays against E. faecalis (MIC = 7.9 μmol L-1), E. coli (MIC = 3.9 μmol L-1) and S. aureus (MIC = 3.9 μmol L-1). The cytotoxicity of the compounds was tested against HaCaT cells, and no significant activity at the highest concentration tested (500 μg. mL-1) was observed, showing the high potential of this new compound as a possible new drug. The coupling of ferrocene also increased the vesicle permeabilization of the peptide, showing a direct relation between high peptide concentration and high carboxyfluorescein release, which indicates the action mechanism by pore formation on the vesicles. Several studies have shown that ferrocene destabilizes cell membranes through lipid peroxidation, leading to cell lysis. It is noteworthy that the Fc-RP1 peptide synthesized here is a prototype of a bioconjugation strategy, but it still is a compound with great biological activity against neglected and fish diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia C. S. Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Technological Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Julia P. Piccoli
- Department of Biochemistry and Technological Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Norival A. Santos-Filho
- Department of Biochemistry and Technological Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Leandro C. Clementino
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Ana M. Fusco-Almeida
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Sarah R. De Annunzio
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Carla R. Fontana
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Juliane B. M. Verga
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Silas F. Eto
- Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - João M. Pizauro-Junior
- Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Marcia A. S. Graminha
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
- * E-mail: (EMC); (MASG)
| | - Eduardo M. Cilli
- Department of Biochemistry and Technological Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
- * E-mail: (EMC); (MASG)
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Vila T, Sultan AS, Montelongo-Jauregui D, Jabra-Rizk MA. Oral Candidiasis: A Disease of Opportunity. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6010015. [PMID: 31963180 PMCID: PMC7151112 DOI: 10.3390/jof6010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral candidiasis, commonly referred to as “thrush,” is an opportunistic fungal infection that commonly affects the oral mucosa. The main causative agent, Candida albicans, is a highly versatile commensal organism that is well adapted to its human host; however, changes in the host microenvironment can promote the transition from one of commensalism to pathogen. This transition is heavily reliant on an impressive repertoire of virulence factors, most notably cell surface adhesins, proteolytic enzymes, morphologic switching, and the development of drug resistance. In the oral cavity, the co-adhesion of C. albicans with bacteria is crucial for its persistence, and a wide range of synergistic interactions with various oral species were described to enhance colonization in the host. As a frequent colonizer of the oral mucosa, the host immune response in the oral cavity is oriented toward a more tolerogenic state and, therefore, local innate immune defenses play a central role in maintaining Candida in its commensal state. Specifically, in addition to preventing Candida adherence to epithelial cells, saliva is enriched with anti-candidal peptides, considered to be part of the host innate immunity. The T helper 17 (Th17)-type adaptive immune response is mainly involved in mucosal host defenses, controlling initial growth of Candida and inhibiting subsequent tissue invasion. Animal models, most notably the mouse model of oropharyngeal candidiasis and the rat model of denture stomatitis, are instrumental in our understanding of Candida virulence factors and the factors leading to host susceptibility to infections. Given the continuing rise in development of resistance to the limited number of traditional antifungal agents, novel therapeutic strategies are directed toward identifying bioactive compounds that target pathogenic mechanisms to prevent C. albicans transition from harmless commensal to pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taissa Vila
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (T.V.); (A.S.S.); (D.M.-J.)
| | - Ahmed S. Sultan
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (T.V.); (A.S.S.); (D.M.-J.)
| | - Daniel Montelongo-Jauregui
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (T.V.); (A.S.S.); (D.M.-J.)
| | - Mary Ann Jabra-Rizk
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (T.V.); (A.S.S.); (D.M.-J.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-410-706-0508; Fax: +1-410-706-0519
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Song J, Wang J, Zhan N, Sun T, Yu W, Zhang L, Shan A, Zhang A. Therapeutic Potential of Trp-Rich Engineered Amphiphiles by Single Hydrophobic Amino Acid End-Tagging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:43820-43834. [PMID: 31687796 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
End-tagging with a single hydrophobic residue contributes to improve the cell selectivity of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), but systematic studies have been lacking. Thus, this study aimed to systematically investigate how end-tagging with hydrophobic residues at the C-terminus and Gly capped at the N-terminus of W4 (RWRWWWRWR) affects the bioactivity of W4 variants. Among all the hydrophobic residues, only Ala end-tagging improved the antibacterial activity of W4. Meanwhile, Gly capped at the N-terminus could promote the helical propensity of the end-tagged peptides in dodecylphosphocholine micelles, increasing their antimicrobial activities. Of these peptides, GW4A (GRWRWWWRWRA) showed the best antibacterial activity against the 19 species of bacteria tested (GMMIC = 1.86 μM) with low toxicity, thus possessing the highest cell selectivity (TIall = 137.63). It also had rapid sterilization, good salt and serum resistance, and LPS-neutralizing activity. Antibacterial mechanism studies showed that the short peptide GW4A killed bacteria by destroying cell membrane integrity and causing cytoplasmic leakage. Overall, these findings suggested that systematic studies on terminal modifications promoted the development of peptide design theory and provided a potential method for optimization of effective AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Song
- Institute of Animal Nutrition , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , Heilongjiang , P. R. China
| | - Jiajun Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , Heilongjiang , P. R. China
| | - Na Zhan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , Heilongjiang , P. R. China
| | - Taotao Sun
- Institute of Animal Nutrition , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , Heilongjiang , P. R. China
| | - Weikang Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , Heilongjiang , P. R. China
| | - Licong Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , Heilongjiang , P. R. China
| | - Anshan Shan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , Heilongjiang , P. R. China
| | - Aizhong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , Bayi Agricultural University , Daqing 163000 , Heilongjiang , P. R. China
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Bo J, Yang Y, Zheng R, Fang C, Jiang Y, Liu J, Chen M, Hong F, Bailey C, Segner H, Wang K. Antimicrobial activity and mechanisms of multiple antimicrobial peptides isolated from rockfish Sebastiscus marmoratus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 93:1007-1017. [PMID: 31449978 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic disease is a major factor affecting the aquaculture of the rockfish Sebastiscus marmoratus, an important commercial species inhabiting the nearshore waters of the Western Pacific Ocean. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), as critical components of innate immunity, have been considered as promising antibiotic substitutes. The aims of this study were 1) to identify major AMPs in the rockfish, 2) to assess their antimicrobial activity and 3) to evaluate their potential therapeutic application. Six AMPs were identified, Hepcidin 1, liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP-2), Piscidin, Moronecidin, NK-lysin and β-defensin through analysis of the liver transcriptome of S. marmoratus. The transcriptional expression profiles of these AMPs were investigated by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). These AMPs showed tissue-specific distribution patterns, and S. marmoratus displays a time-, dose- and tissue-dependent expression of AMPs in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. While the synthetic peptides of LEAP-2 and Moronecidin exerted broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against important aquatic pathogens in vitro by directly disrupting microbial membrane, and no cytotoxicity against murine hepatic cells was observed at the effective concentrations from 5 μM to 40 μM. The existence of multiple AMPs and their distinct tissue distribution patterns and inducible expression patterns suggests a sophisticated, highly redundant, and multilevel network of antimicrobial defensive mechanisms of S. marmoratus. Therefore, S. marmoratus-derived AMPs appear to be potential therapeutic applications against pathogen infections in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Bo
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Ecology, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ronghui Zheng
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Ecology, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Chao Fang
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Ecology, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Yulu Jiang
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Ecology, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Mengyun Chen
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Ecology, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Fukun Hong
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Ecology, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Christyn Bailey
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Laboratory, Animal Health Research Center (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Helmut Segner
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kejian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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Su G, Xie K, Chen D, Yu B, Huang Z, Luo Y, Mao X, Zheng P, Yu J, Luo J, He J. Differential expression, molecular cloning, and characterization of porcine beta defensin 114. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2019; 10:60. [PMID: 31360462 PMCID: PMC6639935 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-019-0367-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background β-defensins have attracted considerable research interest because of their roles in protecting hosts from various pathogens. This study was conducted to investigate the expression profiles of the porcine β-defensin 114 (PBD114) in different breeds and in response to infections. Moreover, the function of PBD114 protein was partially investigated. Methods Six Tibetan pigs (TP) and six DLY (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire) pigs were slaughtered to explore the expression profiles of PBD114 in different breeds and tissues. For infection models, sixteen DLY pigs were divided into two groups and challenged either with sterile saline or E. coli K88. The recombinant protein PBD114 (rPBD114) was obtained by using a heterologous expression system in E. coli. Results PBD114 gene was highly expressed in tissues such as the intestine, liver, spleen, and thymus. Interestingly, the expression level of PBD114 gene was higher in the TP pigs than in the DLY pigs (P < 0.05), and was significantly elevated upon E. coli K88 challenge (P < 0.05). The nucleotide sequences of PBD114 from Tibetan and DLY pigs was identical, and both showed a 210-bp open reading frame encoding a 69-amino acid mature peptide. To explaore the function of PBD114 protein, PBD114 gene was successfully expressed in E. coli Origami B (DE3) and the molecular weight of the rPBD114 was estimated by SDS-PAGE to be 25 kDa. The rPBD114 was purified and mass spectrometry verified the protein as PBD114. Importantly, rPBD114 showed antimicrobial activities against E. coli DH5α and E. coli K88, and the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were 64 and 128 μg/mL, respectively. Hemolytic and cytotoxicity assays showed that rPBD114 did not affect cell viability under physiological concentrations. Conclusions PBD114 is an infection response gene that is differentially-expressed between different porcine breeds and tissues. The antimicrobial activity of PBD114 protein, against pathogens such as the E. coli K88, suggested that it may serve as a candidate for the substitution of conventionally used antibiotics. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40104-019-0367-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqi Su
- 1Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 People's Republic of China.,2Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 625014 People's Republic of China
| | - Kunhong Xie
- 1Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 People's Republic of China.,2Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 625014 People's Republic of China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- 1Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 People's Republic of China.,2Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 625014 People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Yu
- 1Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 People's Republic of China.,2Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 625014 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- 1Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 People's Republic of China.,2Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 625014 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- 1Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 People's Republic of China.,2Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 625014 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- 1Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 People's Republic of China.,2Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 625014 People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zheng
- 1Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 People's Republic of China.,2Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 625014 People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yu
- 1Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 People's Republic of China.,2Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 625014 People's Republic of China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- 1Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 People's Republic of China.,2Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 625014 People's Republic of China
| | - Jun He
- 1Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 People's Republic of China.,2Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 625014 People's Republic of China
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Malhotra S, Hayes D, Wozniak DJ. Cystic Fibrosis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: the Host-Microbe Interface. Clin Microbiol Rev 2019; 32:e00138-18. [PMID: 31142499 PMCID: PMC6589863 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00138-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In human pathophysiology, the clash between microbial infection and host immunity contributes to multiple diseases. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a classical example of this phenomenon, wherein a dysfunctional, hyperinflammatory immune response combined with chronic pulmonary infections wreak havoc upon the airway, leading to a disease course of substantial morbidity and shortened life span. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that commonly infects the CF lung, promoting an accelerated decline of pulmonary function. Importantly, P. aeruginosa exhibits significant resistance to innate immune effectors and to antibiotics, in part, by expressing specific virulence factors (e.g., antioxidants and exopolysaccharides) and by acquiring adaptive mutations during chronic infection. In an effort to review our current understanding of the host-pathogen interface driving CF pulmonary disease, we discuss (i) the progression of disease within the primitive CF lung, specifically focusing on the role of host versus bacterial factors; (ii) critical, neutrophil-derived innate immune effectors that are implicated in CF pulmonary disease, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antimicrobial peptides (e.g., LL-37); (iii) P. aeruginosa virulence factors and adaptive mutations that enable evasion of the host response; and (iv) ongoing work examining the distribution and colocalization of host and bacterial factors within distinct anatomical niches of the CF lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankalp Malhotra
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Don Hayes
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Section of Pulmonary Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Daniel J Wozniak
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Section of Pulmonary Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Rabbit’s Host Defense Peptide (RSRAH) Protects Mice from Escherichia coli Challenge. Int J Pept Res Ther 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-018-9694-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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44
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Neshani A, Zare H, Akbari Eidgahi MR, Khaledi A, Ghazvini K. Epinecidin-1, a highly potent marine antimicrobial peptide with anticancer and immunomodulatory activities. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 20:33. [PMID: 31138331 PMCID: PMC6537373 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-019-0309-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotic-resistant pathogens are an emerging threat in this century. Epinecidin-1 is a multi-functional Antimicrobial Peptide (AMP) produced by Orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) has been shown to have extensive potentials as an alternative for current antibiotics. Due to the huge costs for the study and the production of a new drug, if an antimicrobial peptide has other beneficial functions in addition to antimicrobial activities, it would be preferred. METHODS In this study, properties and applications of Epinecidin-1 were investigated and addressed comprehensively. To achieve this, the Google Scholar search engine and three databases of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were used. RESULTS Epinecidin-1 is a cationic AMP with an alpha-helical structure. Seven functional usages of this peptide have been reported in the literature including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiprotozoal, anticancer, immunomodulatory, and wound healing properties. Moreover, this peptide has high potential to be used as an active ingredient in cleaning solutions as well as application in vaccine production. CONCLUSION Due to significant antimicrobial activities tested on bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Helicobacter pylori and also wound healing properties, Epi-1 has high potential to be considered as an important candidate for the production of new drugs and treatment of various infections including diabetic foot ulcer and peptic ulcer. Moreover, adjuvant-like properties of Epi-1 make it a suitable candidate for the studies related to an adjuvant. Other attractive properties such as anticancer effects have also been reported for this peptide which encourages further studies on this peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Neshani
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hosna Zare
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Azad Khaledi
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Kiarash Ghazvini
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Al Tall Y, Abualhaijaa A, Alsaggar M, Almaaytah A, Masadeh M, Alzoubi KH. Design and characterization of a new hybrid peptide from LL-37 and BMAP-27. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:1035-1045. [PMID: 31118709 PMCID: PMC6503343 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s199473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose: The world is heading to a post-antibiotic era where the treatment of bacterial infections will not be possible even with well-known last-line antibiotics. Unfortunately, the emergence of multidrug resistant bacterial strains is uncontrollable, and the humanity will face a life-threatening fate unless new antimicrobial agents with new bacterial target sites are promptly developed. Herein, we design a hybrid antimicrobial peptide (B1) from helical parts taken from the parent peptides: LL-37 and BMAP-27. The purpose of this design is to improve the potency and enhance the toxicity profile of the parent peptides. Methods: Rational design was used to hybridize two antimicrobial peptides, in which two helical parts from the bovine analog BMAP-27, and the human cathelicidin LL-37 were used to generate a novel peptide (B1). The physicochemical properties were checked using in silico methods. The antimicrobial activities were tested against nine control and resistant strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. On the other hand, the antibiofilm activities were tested against four resistant strains. The cytotoxicity on mammalian cells was tested using HEK293, and the hemolysis activity was also investigated on human blood. Finally, synergistic studies were performed with four conventional antibiotics against four resistant strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Results: The new peptide B1 exhibited broad-spectrum activities against all tested strains. The concentration against planktonic cells ranged between 10 and 20 µM. However, 40-60 µM were needed to eradicate the biofilms. B1 showed reduced toxicity toward mammalian cells with minimal hemolysis risk. On the other hand, the synergistic studies showed improved activities for the combined conventional antibiotics with a huge reduction in their minimum inhibitory concentration values. The concentrations of B1 peptide combined with the tested antibiotics were also decreased markedly down to 0.5 µM in some cases. Conclusion: B1 is a hybrid peptide from two cathelicidin peptides. It showed an improved activity compared to parent peptides. The hybridization was successful in this study. It generated a new potent broad-spectrum antimicrobial. The toxicity profile was improved, and the synergism with the convention antibiotics showed promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Taniguchi M, Saito K, Aida R, Ochiai A, Saitoh E, Tanaka T. Wound healing activity and mechanism of action of antimicrobial and lipopolysaccharide-neutralizing peptides from enzymatic hydrolysates of rice bran proteins. J Biosci Bioeng 2019; 128:142-148. [PMID: 30799089 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In our previous study, we identified multifunctional cationic peptides from enzymatic hydrolysates of rice bran proteins (RBPs) that have antimicrobial and lipopolysaccharide-neutralizing activities. In this study, we investigated the potential of the peptides RBP-LRR, RBP-EKL, and RBP-SSF to promote proliferation, angiogenesis (tube formation), and migration in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). To determine mechanisms of wound healing actions, angiogenic and migration-promoting activities of these peptides were evaluated following pretreatments of HUVECs with specific inhibitors. In these experiments, the cationic peptides RBP-LRR, RBP-EKL, and RBP-SSF induced cell proliferation at low concentrations of 0.1 μM or 1 μM. Moreover, the three cationic peptides had angiogenic activities at concentrations more than 1 μM in tube formation assays, and their effects were similar to those of LL-37. Subsequent scratch migration assays exhibited that RBP-LRR, RBP-EKL, and RBP-SSF promote wound closure at optimum concentrations of 10, 10, and 0.1 μM, respectively. In further studies, we performed tube formation assays using HUVECs pretreated with SU5416, which inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors, and suggested the possibility that the three cationic peptides induce angiogenesis by activating VEGF receptors. In corresponding scratch migration assays using HUVECs, pretreatment with the proliferation inhibitor mitomycin C did not alter the effects of RBP-LRR and RBP-EKL, and significant contribution to wound closure were mediated by cell migration regardless of proliferation rates. In contrast, RBP-SSF contributed to wound closure exclusively by promoting cell proliferation. The present data indicate that RBP-LRR, RBP-EKL, and RBP-SSF are candidates for use as wound healing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Taniguchi
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Saito
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Ryousuke Aida
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Akihito Ochiai
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Eiichi Saitoh
- Graduate School of Technology, Niigata Institute of Technology, Niigata 945-1195, Japan
| | - Takaaki Tanaka
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
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47
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Arthropod venoms: Biochemistry, ecology and evolution. Toxicon 2018; 158:84-103. [PMID: 30529476 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.11.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Comprising of over a million described species of highly diverse invertebrates, Arthropoda is amongst the most successful animal lineages to have colonized aerial, terrestrial, and aquatic domains. Venom, one of the many fascinating traits to have evolved in various members of this phylum, has underpinned their adaptation to diverse habitats. Over millions of years of evolution, arthropods have evolved ingenious ways of delivering venom in their targets for self-defence and predation. The morphological diversity of venom delivery apparatus in arthropods is astounding, and includes extensively modified pedipalps, tail (telson), mouth parts (hypostome), fangs, appendages (maxillulae), proboscis, ovipositor (stinger), and hair (urticating bristles). Recent investigations have also unravelled an astonishing venom biocomplexity with molecular scaffolds being recruited from a multitude of protein families. Venoms are a remarkable bioresource for discovering lead compounds in targeted therapeutics. Several components with prospective applications in the development of advanced lifesaving drugs and environment friendly bio-insecticides have been discovered from arthropod venoms. Despite these fascinating features, the composition, bioactivity, and molecular evolution of venom in several arthropod lineages remains largely understudied. This review highlights the prevalence of venom, its mode of toxic action, and the evolutionary dynamics of venom in Arthropoda, the most speciose phylum in the animal kingdom.
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Kotani H, Matsubara K, Koshizuka T, Nishiyama K, Kaneko H, Tasaka M, Sugiyama T, Suzutani T. Human β-defensin-2 as a biochemical indicator of vaginal environment in pregnant women. HYPERTENSION RESEARCH IN PREGNANCY 2018. [DOI: 10.14390/jsshp.hrp2018-005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideko Kotani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ehime University School of Medicine
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NTT West Matsuyama Hospital
| | - Keiichi Matsubara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ehime University School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Hisae Kaneko
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NTT West Matsuyama Hospital
| | - Mie Tasaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NTT West Matsuyama Hospital
| | - Takashi Sugiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ehime University School of Medicine
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Potential role of a series of lysine-/leucine-rich antimicrobial peptide in inhibiting lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation. Biochem J 2018; 475:3687-3706. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides have broad-spectrum killing activities against bacteria, enveloped viruses, fungi and several parasites via cell membrane permeation and exhibit primarily immunomodulatory and anti-infective functions in their interactions with host cells. However, the mechanism underlying their anti-inflammatory activity remains to be elucidated. L-K6, an analog of temporin-1CEb isolated from the skin secretion of Rana chensinensis, has demonstrated a wide range of antimicrobial activities against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. In this study, the potent anti-inflammatory mechanism of L-K6 and its analogs in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human macrophage U937 cells were evaluated. We found that L-K6 suppressed the expression of inflammatory factors by two downstream signaling components in the MyD88-dependent pathway, including the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the NF (nuclear factor)-κB signaling pathway, but its analog L-K5, which had the same amino acid sequence as L-K6 but no Lys residue at the –COOH terminal, only inhibited the phosphorylation of I-κB and NF-κB. Importantly, L-K6 and L-K5 were actively taken up by U937 cells through an independent cell membrane disruption mechanism and were eventually localized to the perinuclear region. The L-K6 uptake process was mediated by endocytosis, but L-K5 was specifically taken up by U937 cells via TLR4 endocytosis. Our results demonstrated that L-K6 can neutralize LPS and diassociate LPS micelles to inhibit LPS from triggering the proinflammatory signaling pathway, and by partially inhibiting inflammatory responses by the intracellular target. However, L-K5 may mainly inhibit proinflammatory responses by intracellular reporters to modulate the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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50
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Dong N, Chou S, Li J, Xue C, Li X, Cheng B, Shan A, Xu L. Short Symmetric-End Antimicrobial Peptides Centered on β-Turn Amino Acids Unit Improve Selectivity and Stability. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2832. [PMID: 30538681 PMCID: PMC6277555 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are excellent candidates to combat the increasing number of multi- or pan-resistant pathogens worldwide based on their mechanism of action, which is different from that of antibiotics. In this study, we designed short peptides by fusing an α-helix and β-turn sequence-motif in a symmetric-end template to promote the higher cell selectivity, antibacterial activity and salt-resistance of these structures. The results showed that the designed peptides PQ and PP tended to form an α-helical structure upon interacting with a membrane-mimicking environment. They displayed high cell selectivity toward bacterial cells over eukaryotic cells. Their activities were mostly maintained in the presence of different conditions (salts, serum, heat, and pH), which indicated their stability in vivo. Fluorescence spectroscopy and electron microscopy analyses indicated that PP and PQ killed bacterial cells through membrane pore formation, thereby damaging membrane integrity. This study revealed the potential application of these designed peptides as new candidate antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Dong
- The Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuli Chou
- The Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiawei Li
- The Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chenyu Xue
- The Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinran Li
- The Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Baojing Cheng
- The Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Anshan Shan
- The Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Xu
- The Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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