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Pesonen L, Svartsjö S, Bäck V, de Thonel A, Mezger V, Sabéran-Djoneidi D, Roos-Mattjus P. Gambogic acid and gambogenic acid induce a thiol-dependent heat shock response and disrupt the interaction between HSP90 and HSF1 or HSF2. Cell Stress Chaperones 2021; 26:819-833. [PMID: 34331200 PMCID: PMC8492855 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-021-01222-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells rely on heat shock proteins (HSPs) for growth and survival. Especially HSP90 has multiple client proteins and plays a critical role in malignant transformation, and therefore different types of HSP90 inhibitors are being developed. The bioactive natural compound gambogic acid (GB) is a prenylated xanthone with antitumor activity, and it has been proposed to function as an HSP90 inhibitor. However, there are contradicting reports whether GB induces a heat shock response (HSR), which is cytoprotective for cancer cells and therefore a potentially problematic feature for an anticancer drug. In this study, we show that GB and a structurally related compound, called gambogenic acid (GBA), induce a robust HSR, in a thiol-dependent manner. Using heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) or HSF2 knockout cells, we show that the GB or GBA-induced HSR is HSF1-dependent. Intriguingly, using closed form ATP-bound HSP90 mutants that can be co-precipitated with HSF1, a known facilitator of cancer, we show that also endogenous HSF2 co-precipitates with HSP90. GB and GBA treatment disrupt the interaction between HSP90 and HSF1 and HSP90 and HSF2. Our study implies that these compounds should be used cautiously if developed for cancer therapies, since GB and its derivative GBA are strong inducers of the HSR, in multiple cell types, by involving the dissociation of a HSP90-HSF1/HSF2 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Pesonen
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biochemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Artillerigatan 6, 20520, Åbo/Turku, Finland
| | - Sally Svartsjö
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biochemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Artillerigatan 6, 20520, Åbo/Turku, Finland
| | - Viktor Bäck
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biochemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Artillerigatan 6, 20520, Åbo/Turku, Finland
| | - Aurélie de Thonel
- Université de Paris, UMR7216 Épigénétique et Destin Cellulaire, CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Mezger
- Université de Paris, UMR7216 Épigénétique et Destin Cellulaire, CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Délara Sabéran-Djoneidi
- Université de Paris, UMR7216 Épigénétique et Destin Cellulaire, CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Pia Roos-Mattjus
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biochemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Artillerigatan 6, 20520, Åbo/Turku, Finland.
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Development of a fast and sensitive method to study transcription factor activation under endogenous conditions in primary mouse T cells applying Alpha technology. J Immunol Methods 2019; 471:57-60. [PMID: 31128086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Liu Y, Zheng W, Zhang W, Chen N, Liu Y, Chen L, Zhou X, Chen X, Zheng H, Li X. Photoaffinity labeling of transcription factors by DNA-templated crosslinking. Chem Sci 2015; 6:745-751. [PMID: 28706637 PMCID: PMC5494549 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc01953a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterization of transcription factor-DNA interaction is of high importance in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of gene transcriptions. DNA-based affinity probes were developed to capture and identify transcription factors by covalent crosslinking; however, the requirement of a crosslinker on the affinity probe remains a disadvantage, as the crosslinker itself often interferes with the protein-DNA interactions. We report a dual-probe method able to capture DNA-binding transcription factors with unmodified protein-binding sites in scenarios where conventional probes have failed. We have also shown the method's converse application in selecting specific transcription factor-binding DNA sequences from a probe library and its extension to studying proteins recognizing epigenetic marks. This study may provide a new tool for exploring DNA-binding proteins in biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education , Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing , China 100871 .
| | - Wenlu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics , School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen , China 518055
| | - Wan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics , School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen , China 518055
| | - Nan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education , Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing , China 100871 .
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education , Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing , China 100871 .
| | - Li Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education , Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing , China 100871 .
| | - Xiaozhou Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education , Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing , China 100871 .
| | - Xingshuo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education , Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing , China 100871 .
| | - Haifeng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education , Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing , China 100871 .
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education , Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing , China 100871 .
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics , School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen , China 518055
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Underwood KF, Mochin MT, Brusgard JL, Choe M, Gnatt A, Passaniti A. A quantitative assay to study protein:DNA interactions, discover transcriptional regulators of gene expression, and identify novel anti-tumor agents. J Vis Exp 2013. [PMID: 24022461 DOI: 10.3791/50512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Many DNA-binding assays such as electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA), chemiluminescent assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-based assays, and multiwell-based assays are used to measure transcription factor activity. However, these assays are nonquantitative, lack specificity, may involve the use of radiolabeled oligonucleotides, and may not be adaptable for the screening of inhibitors of DNA binding. On the other hand, using a quantitative DNA-binding enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (D-ELISA) assay, we demonstrate nuclear protein interactions with DNA using the RUNX2 transcription factor that depend on specific association with consensus DNA-binding sequences present on biotin-labeled oligonucleotides. Preparation of cells, extraction of nuclear protein, and design of double stranded oligonucleotides are described. Avidin-coated 96-well plates are fixed with alkaline buffer and incubated with nuclear proteins in nucleotide blocking buffer. Following extensive washing of the plates, specific primary antibody and secondary antibody incubations are followed by the addition of horseradish peroxidase substrate and development of the colorimetric reaction. Stop reaction mode or continuous kinetic monitoring were used to quantitatively measure protein interaction with DNA. We discuss appropriate specificity controls, including treatment with non-specific IgG or without protein or primary antibody. Applications of the assay are described including its utility in drug screening and representative positive and negative results are discussed.
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Underwood KF, D'Souza DR, Mochin-Peters M, Pierce AD, Kommineni S, Choe M, Bennett J, Gnatt A, Habtemariam B, MacKerell AD, Passaniti A. Regulation of RUNX2 transcription factor-DNA interactions and cell proliferation by vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) prohormone activity. J Bone Miner Res 2012; 27:913-25. [PMID: 22189971 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The fat-soluble prohormone cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) is a precursor of the circulating 25-OH Vitamin D3, which is converted by 1α-hydroxylase to the biologically active 1,25-OH Vitamin D3. Active Vitamin D3 interacts with the Vitamin D receptor (VDR), a transcription factor that plays an important role in calcium mobilization and bone formation. RUNX2 is a DNA-binding transcription factor that regulates target genes important in bone formation, angiogenesis, and cancer metastasis. Using computer-assisted drug design (CADD) and a microtiter plate-based DNA-binding enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (D-ELISA) to measure nuclear RUNX2 DNA binding, we have found that Vitamin D3 prohormones can modulate RUNX2 DNA binding, which was dose-dependent and sensitive to trypsin, salt, and phosphatase treatment. Unlabeled oligonucleotide or truncated, dominant negative RUNX2 proteins were competitive inhibitors of RUNX2 DNA binding. The RUNX2 heterodimeric partner, Cbfβ, was detected in the binding complexes with specific antibodies. Evaluation of several RUNX2:DNA targeted small molecules predicted by CADD screening revealed a previously unknown biological activity of the inactive Vitamin D3 precursor, cholecalciferol. Cholecalciferol modulated RUNX2:DNA binding at nanomolar concentrations even in cells with low VDR. Cholecalciferol and 25-OH Vitamin D3 prohormones were selective inhibitors of RUNX2-positive endothelial, bone, and breast cancer cell proliferation, but not of cells lacking RUNX2 expression. These compounds may have application in modulating RUNX2 activity in an angiogenic setting, in metastatic cells, and to promote bone formation in disease-mediated osteoporosis. The combination CADD discovery and D-ELISA screening approaches allows the testing of other novel derivatives of Vitamin D and/or transcriptional inhibitors with the potential to regulate DNA binding and biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen F Underwood
- The Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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