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Brydon M, Sponagle M, Avery J, Ross N, Gilbert R. Factors associated with medical radiation and imaging professionals' willingness to work during the SARS-COV-2 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci 2023; 54:S38-S50. [PMID: 36775684 PMCID: PMC9884626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resilient health systems effectively respond to health crises and coordinate post-event recovery. Central to a resilient system is the willingness of its workforce to work in high-risk scenarios. This study explored traits that may affect Medical Radiation and Imaging Professionals (MRIPs) willingness to work during a pandemic. Specifically, intrapersonal traits of compassion, empathy, and resilience were examined. Understanding such relationships can inform interventions that enhance individuals' willingness and health system resilience (HSR). METHODS In Fall 2020, a cross-sectional survey of Nova Scotian MRIPs was conducted. Witte's Extended Parallel Process Model, Professional Quality of Life, Intrapersonal Reactivity Index and Adult Resilience Measures-17 tools were used to assess willingness, compassion, empathy, and resilience. Statistical tests included chi-square, binomial, and multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS MRIPs were willing to report to work during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic if required (92%); asked but not required (89%); or regardless of severity (94%). Individuals with very high levels of willingness reported lower personal distress (a facet of empathy) compared to those with high (p=.018) or moderate levels (p=.005). MRIPs with < 10 years experience were more likely to report high personal distress (p≤.37). Job role was associated with willingness (p<.001). There were no significant associations between level of willingness, and gender, age, experience, education, or the intrapersonal traits resilience and compassion. CONCLUSION Willingness was associated with job role and levels of personal distress. Personal distress was higher in participants with less years of practice. Interventions to reduce personal distress in early career MRIPs may enhance willingness to work during crises and thereby support HSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Brydon
- IWK Health Centre, 5850/5980 University Avenue, Halifax, NS B3K6R8, Canada.
| | | | | | - Nancy Ross
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Santinha G, Forte T, Gomes A. Willingness to Work during Public Health Emergencies: A Systematic Literature Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10081500. [PMID: 36011158 PMCID: PMC9408569 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10081500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of the factors underlying the willingness or lack thereof to respond to public health emergencies is paramount to informing more capable health services. The interest in this topic appears renewed with each surge of threat, either referring to natural disasters, man-made violence, or epidemic and pandemics. However, there is no systematic approach to the research patterns and related main findings concerning individual and contextual determinants. The present article contributes to this theme through a systematic literature review of a sample of 150 articles published in the last 30 years on the subject of willingness and preparedness of health professionals to deal with public health threats. Our findings show that the research is mainly phenomena and contextual driven, responding to whichever emergency threat is more salient in a given period. Geographically, research on this topic is led by USA and China, mostly solely, while European countries invest in collaborations that are more international. Universities, including health institutes and schools, and researchers at hospitals conduct most of the research on the topic. The main research areas are medicine, psychology, and psychiatry. Pandemics, including COVID-19, influenza, and natural disasters, are the phenomena gauging more attention as opposed to terrorism events and biological accidents. The specific role of health professionals within the institution, their belief in ethical duties, preparation training, and concerns regarding infection of self and family are the main variables influencing the willingness and ability to report to work in public health emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo Santinha
- GOVCOPP, Department of Social, Political and Territorial, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Teresa Forte
- Department of Social, Political and Territorial Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ariana Gomes
- Department of Social, Political and Territorial Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Scott AM, Murray A, Jones M, Keijzers G, Glasziou P. "I was prepared to become infected as a frontline medical staff": a survey of Australian emergency department staff experiences during COVID-19. Emerg Med Australas 2022; 34:569-577. [PMID: 35142057 PMCID: PMC9111308 DOI: 10.1111/1742-6723.13943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective To identify challenges faced by Australian hospital healthcare staff during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Methods We conducted an online survey (30 June–15 August 2020) of healthcare staff from Australian emergency and infectious disease departments. Participants were contacted via professional organisations and asked about preparedness, personal protective equipment (PPE), information flow, patient care, infection concerns, workload and mental health. We calculated the proportion of answers to yes/no and Likert‐style questions; free‐text responses were analysed thematically. Results Respondents (n = 162) were 23–67 years old, 98% worked in EDs, 68% were female, 87% from Queensland, and most worked as nurses (46%) or specialists (31%). Respondents felt their workplace was prepared for the pandemic (79%), had sufficient information about PPE (83%); none were sent home because of PPE shortages. Eighty‐five percent received sufficient information from official bodies and 50% were aware of the National COVID‐19 Clinical Evidence Taskforce guidelines. Most (83%) had sufficient information to provide optimal patient care, but 24% experienced unfair/abusive patient behaviour. Most (76%) were concerned about becoming infected by patients, 67% about infecting patients, and 78% about infecting someone at home. Workload decreased for 82% but 42% looked after more patients. Fifty‐seven percent experienced additional work‐related stress: 60% reporting experiencing anxiety and 53% experiencing burnout, with 36% and 46% continuing to experience these, respectively. Key challenges included: emotional, workplace/organisational, family/loved ones and PPE factors. Conclusion The Australian system provided sufficient information and PPE. Staff experienced considerable stress, infection concerns and emotional challenges, which merit consideration in preparing for the future. We surveyed Australian hospital healthcare staff during the second wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Majority felt they had sufficient information and amounts of PPE and knew enough to provide optimal care to patients. However, many reported concerns about becoming infected with and transmitting COVID‐19, half suffered from additional stress, and many continue to experience burnout and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mae Scott
- Institute for Evidence-Based Healthcare, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia
| | - Amanda Murray
- Institute for Evidence-Based Healthcare, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark Jones
- Institute for Evidence-Based Healthcare, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia
| | - Gerben Keijzers
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Gold Coast University Hospital, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.,School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul Glasziou
- Institute for Evidence-Based Healthcare, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia
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Not Just a 'Breath of Death': Indirect Consequences of Working in a COVID-19 Unit. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010802. [PMID: 34682546 PMCID: PMC8535667 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We carried out a survey in the Czech Republic between January and February 2021 to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on doctors working in the COVID-19 unit. A rise in 250,000 cases were seen in the Czech Republic during the time of the survey. The indirect impact of the disease on doctors working in COVID-19 units and strategies to control the situation in the Czech Republic were evaluated here. About 35% doctors were concerned with health issues, 40% had tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antigen, 51% reported lack of support for those who had contracted COVID-19 and 163 agreed that medical, psychological counselling and financial services should be provided. Most doctors experienced moderate and severe degrees of psychological impact. Doctors with the least working experience and those with at least 21 to 35 years were most affected. Mental fatigue was the most common reported psychosomatic effect. The effects were higher in doctors who were more concerned about working in COVID-19 units. Around 87% agreed that the best strategy in controlling the situation in the Czech Republic would be ‘preventive measures in combination with vaccination’. History shows us that pandemics can occur in multiple waves. Subsequent waves, inadequate support as well as unparalleled workload can lead to a serious rise in psychological disorders amongst HCWs worldwide.
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El-Monshed AH, Amr M, Ali AS, Elmasry YM, Zoromba M. Nurses' knowledge, concerns, perceived impact and preparedness toward COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional survey. Int J Nurs Pract 2021; 27:e13017. [PMID: 34595803 PMCID: PMC8646278 DOI: 10.1111/ijn.13017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to assess the nurses' knowledge, concerns, perceived impact and preparedness toward the COVID‐19 pandemic. Background As COVID‐19 is a new disease, its spread and emergence cause fear, anxiety and confusion among the general population. Nurses are in close contact with infected persons, and their knowledge plays an important role in preventing the transmission chain. Methods In this cross‐sectional study, 207 nurses were selected using convenience sampling from 29 March to 19 April 2020. The study used a questionnaire assessing the nurses' baseline characteristics, their source of information, knowledge, concerns, the perceived impact and their preparedness for the COVID‐19 pandemic. Results Around half of the surveyed nurses (51.2%) reported that the Ministry of Health's and World Health Organization's websites and official pages were their main sources of information. The majority of nurses (81.6%) knew the nature of the virus, 83.6% agreed that their job puts them at risk of infection with COVID‐19 and 72% felt personally prepared for the pandemic. Conclusion The majority of nurses had an acceptable level of knowledge regarding COVID‐19. However, psychological interventions are needed to be addressed in the planning stage before any pandemic. What is already known about this topic?
It is well established that COVID‐19 is a highly infectious disease with a fatality rate of about 6.48% in Egypt. Studies about nursing and COVID‐19 are relatively few. There is a lack of data regarding the nurses' knowledge, concerns, perceived impact and preparedness toward COVID‐19.
What does this paper add?
Nurses prefer gaining their knowledge regarding COVID‐19 from the Ministry of Health's and the World Health Organization's websites and official pages rather than the social media websites. Nurses have an acceptable level of knowledge regarding COVID‐19. The majority of surveyed nurses knew the nature of the virus along with its signs and symptoms. The majority of surveyed nurses feel that their job puts them at the risk of infection with COVID‐19, and they are quite afraid of being infected.
The implications of this paper:
Psychological interventions are needed in the planning stage before any pandemic to enhance the protection of nurses and health care workers and to reduce the psychological impact. Sustainable awareness programmes are required for health care workers, keeping them up to date with the most recent information regarding prevention and management methods from the World Health Organization's guidelines and other instructional materials. Hospitals can hold meetings and organize regular psychological support groups to allow nurses to manage their fears and acquire stress reduction strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Hashem El-Monshed
- Department of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Amr
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Salah Ali
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Yosr Mohamed Elmasry
- Department of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Zoromba
- Department of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Goldfarb N, Grinstein-Cohen O, Shamian J, Schwartz D, Zilber R, Hazan-Hazoref R, Goldberg S, Cohen O. Nurses' perceptions of the role of health organisations in building professional commitment: Insights from an israeli cross-sectional study during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Nurs Manag 2021; 29:1102-1110. [PMID: 33411376 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To reveal the factors associated with nurses' professional commitment during the COVID-19 pandemic. BACKGROUND During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Nursing Division at the Israeli Ministry of Health and partners conducted a study to examine the nurses' perceptions towards a set of personal and professional circumstances that may affect their performance. METHOD A cross-sectional Web-based study was conducted in Israel. Study' participants included 817 community and hospital nurses. The Occupational Commitment Scale for Health Professionals during pandemic (PanHP-OCS) was used to gather data. Univariate and multivariate analyses explored associations between the PanHP-OCS score and demographic and professional variables. RESULTS About 40% of 817 respondents reported having managerial roles (n = 320). Those who received specific pandemic-focused training had significantly better PanHP-OCS scores (p < .001). Most respondents expected their organisation to provide them emotional support. Linear regression explored the organisational commitment factor as the greatest contributor to nurses' professional commitment (β = 0.284, p < .001). CONCLUSION To enhance the nurses' professional commitment during the COVID-19 pandemic, training and emotional support must be emphasized in all types of nurses' workplaces. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT In a pandemic, health organisations must provide dedicated pandemic training, including proactive emotional support for nurses. Special attention should be given to community care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Netali Goldfarb
- Nursing Department, Recanati School for Community Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Orli Grinstein-Cohen
- Nursing Department, Recanati School for Community Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Judith Shamian
- International Council of Nurses ICN President Emerita, FAAN, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dagan Schwartz
- Emergency Medicine Department, Recanati School for Community Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Rama Zilber
- Nursing Division, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | - Odeya Cohen
- Nursing Department, Recanati School for Community Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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7
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Alshutwi SS. 'Senior Nursing Students and Interns' Concerns and Willingness to Treat Patients with COVID-19: A Strategy to Expand National Nursing Workforce during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2021; 14:39-48. [PMID: 33447108 PMCID: PMC7800688 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s279569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has challenged the existing healthcare delivery systems worldwide and overwhelmed the globally short healthcare workforce, particularly nurses. Nurses are recognized as front-line responders to the COVID-19 pandemic and are crucial healthcare members to win the fight against the evolving COVID-19. Considering the long-lasting shortage of national nurses, and turnover of the current nursing workforce, it is essential to consider unconventional strategies aiming at expanding the national nursing workforce in order to embrace the impact of COVID-19. Objective This study aimed to measure senior nursing students and intern's willingness to treat patients with COVID-19. Further, this study investigated their feelings, knowledge, and concerns regarding treating patients with COVID-19. Methods This quantitative, cross-sectional study utilized self-reported survey gathered from a convenience sample of 178 senior nursing students and interns. A 7-item scale was used to measure the participants' willingness to treat patients with COVID-19. The data were collected between March 2020 and April 2020. Results Out of 178 participants, 50.56% were at Level 8, 89.33% were single, and 53.37% had a very satisfactory grade point average. The highest proportion of the respondents (38.20%) felt neutral about treating patient with COVID-19, while 53.93% had good knowledge about COVID-19. The perceived willingness to treat of participants had an overall mean score of 20.19, which indicated neutral willingness to treat patients with COVID-19. Participants' feelings about treating patients with COVID-19 predicted their willingness to treat patients with COVID-19 (P<0.001). Conclusion/Recommendation There is a clear need for educational and training programs both in clinical practice and academia for the improvement among nursing students and interns who reported paucity of knowledge about COVID-19. Furthermore, hospital institutions should provide additional incentives or hazard protections to maintain and even increase the number of staff at the frontline who are willing to care for patients amid the deadly pandemic of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitah S Alshutwi
- College of Nursing, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Extremely wicked, shockingly evil and undoubtedly COVID-19: the silent serial killer. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 278:2101-2106. [PMID: 33388977 PMCID: PMC7778716 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-020-06537-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background The SARS-COV-2 virus has more than just an infectious role to play in the society. The rapid spread has also led to significant personal, professional, financial and economic recession globally. Health care professionals are getting seriously compromised due to these issues. No published data are available on the indirect effects of COVID-19 on high-risk medical specialties. Otorhinolaryngology is considered as one such specialty. Hence, we designed a national survey to address these issues. Materials and methods A google questionnaire was sent to all the otorhinolaryngologists in Czech Republic with the help of the Czech Society of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery to evaluate the problems they encountered during the first wave of COVID-19. Personal, professional and financial losses were also addressed. Online access to the survey was from 15th April 2020 to 26th April 2020. Results The psychosomatic indirect impact of the disease affected female doctors than males. Burnout syndrome was the most commonly reported problem. Around 44.75% of all doctors had a combination of health, financial and economic as well as professional development and educational issues. Doctors from private practices faced higher financial losses. Conclusions Our study showed that personal, professional and financial disturbances amongst doctors can lead to more serious consequences. With the lack of drastic measures in improving the support system for healthcare workers, the healthcare systems will fail quickly. Adequate support should be made mandatory by health authorities.
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Kwobah EK, Mwangi A, Patel K, Mwogi T, Kiptoo R, Atwoli L. Mental Disorders Among Health Care Workers at the Early Phase of COVID-19 Pandemic in Kenya; Findings of an Online Descriptive Survey. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:665611. [PMID: 34366913 PMCID: PMC8339368 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.665611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Healthcare workers responding to the Corona Virus Pandemic (COVID-19) are at risk of mental illness. Data is scanty on the burden of mental disorders among Kenyan healthcare workers responding to the pandemic that can inform mental health and psychosocial support. The purpose of this study was to establish the frequency and associated factors of worry, generalized anxiety disorder, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder and poor quality of sleep among Kenyan health care workers at the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We conducted an online survey among 1,259 health care workers in Kenya. A researcher developed social demographic questionnaire and several standardized tools were used for data collection. Standardized tools were programmed into Redcap, (Research Electronic Data Capture) and data analysis was performed using R Core Team. In all analysis a p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: 66% of the participants reported experiencing worry related to COVID-19. 32.1% had depression, 36% had generalized anxiety, 24.2% had insomnia and 64.7% scored positively for probable Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Depression was higher among females compared to men (36.5 vs. 26.9%, p = 0.003), workers <35 years old compared to older ones (38.1 vs. 26.4%, p < 0.001), and those who were not married compared to those who were married (40.6 vs. 27.6%, p < 0.001). Generalized anxiety was commoner among workers aged <35 years (43.5 vs. 29.3%, p < 0.001), females (41.7 vs. 29.2%, p < 0.001), those who mere not married compared to the married (45.2 vs. 31.2%, p < 0.001) and those with <10 years working experience (41.6 to 20.5%, p < 0.001). Younger health care professional had a higher proportion of insomnia compared to the older ones (30.3 vs. 18.6%, p < 0.001). Insomnia was higher among those with <10 years' experience compared to those with more than 20 years' experience(27.3 vs. 17.6%, p = 0.043) Conclusion: Many Kenyan healthcare workers in the early phase of COVID-19 pandemic suffered from various common mental disorders with young, female professionals who are not married bearing the bigger burden. This data is useful in informing interventions to promote mental and psychosocial wellbeing among Kenyan healthcare workers responding to the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Kamaru Kwobah
- Department of Mental Health, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Ann Mwangi
- Department of Mathematics, Physics and Computing, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Kirtika Patel
- Department of Immunology, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Thomas Mwogi
- Directorate of Informatics, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Robert Kiptoo
- Department of Mental Health, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Lukoye Atwoli
- Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University Medical College, East Africa, Nairobi, Kenya.,Department of Mental Health and Behavioral Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
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Ciułkowicz M, Maciaszek J, Misiak B, Pałȩga A, Rymaszewska J, Szcześniak DM. Coping Strategies and Psychopathological Responses Among Medical and Non-medical Professionals - a Cross-Sectional Online Survey. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:663224. [PMID: 34093277 PMCID: PMC8173082 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.663224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic was announced on March 11th, 2020, due to a surge of newly confirmed cases that significantly impacted populations worldwide, both directly and indirectly. Based on past epidemics research, the mental health implications of introduced restrictions should be expected and adequately addressed irrespective of the practiced profession. Objective: The study aimed to explore psychopathological responses, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), concerning coping strategy clusters during the COVID-19 pandemic among medical and non-medical workers. Methods: A cross-sectional web survey of the general population of internet users was performed from March 16th to April 26th, 2020, in Poland during the first peak of COVID-19 cases. A sample of 1,831 professionally active respondents, 64.0% of which pursuing a medical career, filled out General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28), The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and MiniCOPE, along with the socio-demographic questionnaire exploring personal as well as the work-related possibility of direct exposure to contagion and availability of proper protection, contact with the infected without accurate protective measures as well as the adequacy of workers when compared settings. Results: Individuals labeled with specific clusters had significantly different psychopathological manifestations. Irrespective of performed job maladaptive cluster was associated with significantly higher GHQ-28 and IES-R scores on total subscales and all subscales compared to those representing the non-specific and adaptive cluster. Similar findings were observed concerning the frequency of the GHQ-28 positive score. Moreover, the non-specific cluster was associated with significantly higher GHQ-28 total scores among medical professionals. However, GHQ-28 positive scores were significantly more frequent in medical workers using adaptive clusters when compared to non-specific. Such relations were not observed in the non-medical group. IES-R total and subscales' scores did not significantly vary within medical and non-medical groups when adaptive and non-specific clusters were compared. Pursuing a non-medical career was found to be a determinant of lower scores, while female sex was observed to be determinant of higher scores in both GHQ-28 and IES-R scales. Conclusions: Positive screening for psychopathological and PTSD symptoms was expected regardless of the analyzed groups' coping strategies. Given the dramatically developing situation of the COVID-19 pandemic, support initiatives grounded in research evidence may be essential for maintaining the mental well-being and resilience of both the medical and non-medical workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ciułkowicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Wrocław Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Julian Maciaszek
- Department of Psychiatry, Wrocław Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Błażej Misiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Wrocław Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Pałȩga
- Department of Psychiatry, Wrocław Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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11
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Callus E, Bassola B, Fiolo V, Bertoldo EG, Pagliuca S, Lusignani M. Stress Reduction Techniques for Health Care Providers Dealing With Severe Coronavirus Infections (SARS, MERS, and COVID-19): A Rapid Review. Front Psychol 2020; 11:589698. [PMID: 33362654 PMCID: PMC7758192 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.589698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A rapid review was conducted to identify the most effective stress reduction techniques for health care providers dealing with patients infected with severe coronavirus (SARS, MERS, and COVID-19). METHODS PubMed, PsychInfo, Embase, and CINAHL databases were searched to identify relevant studies. Searches were restricted by date (2000 until present). All empirical quantitative and qualitative studies in which relaxation techniques of various types implemented on health care providers caring for patients during severe coronavirus pandemics and articles that consider the implementation of mental health care services considered to be pertinent, such as commentaries, were included. RESULTS Fourteen studies met the selection criteria, most of which were recommendations. Only one study described a digital intervention, and user satisfaction was measured. In the recommendations, both organizational and individual self-care interventions were suggested. CONCLUSIONS Further research is necessary to establish tailor-made effective stress reduction interventions for this population, during these challenging and particular times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Callus
- Clinical Psychology Service, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Bassola
- Nursing School, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Fiolo
- Clinical Psychology Service, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Enrico G. Bertoldo
- Clinical Psychology Service, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Silvana Pagliuca
- Clinical Psychology Service, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Maura Lusignani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Nursing School, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
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12
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Li J, Li P, Chen J, Ruan L, Zeng Q, Gong Y. Intention to response, emergency preparedness and intention to leave among nurses during COVID-19. Nurs Open 2020; 7:1867-1875. [PMID: 33346407 PMCID: PMC7436312 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To comprehensively assess the current level and identify associated factors of intention to response and emergency preparedness of clinical nurses during COVID-19 outbreak. DESIGN A cross-sectional study was designed. METHODS Demographic and characteristic questionnaire, intention to response scale, emergency preparedness scale and a self-designed questionnaire related to effects of events and intention to leave were used in this study. RESULTS The mean scores of intention to response and emergency preparedness were 82.00 (SD = 18.17) and 64.99 (SD = 12.94), respectively. Moral consideration, engaged in COVID-19 protection training, had working experience in SARS, and the other eight factors were explained 34.6% of the total model variance in intention to response model (F = 80.05, p < .001). While, the level of IR, whether the pace of work was affected and above three same factors were explained 21.5% of the total model variance (F = 91.05, p < .001). Pathway analysis revealed that moral consideration, intention to leave and impacts on work and life mediate the relationship between EP and IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Li
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory HealthThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Pingdong Li
- Nursing DepartmentThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jieya Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory HealthThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Liang Ruan
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory HealthThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Qiuxuan Zeng
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory HealthThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yucui Gong
- Nursing DepartmentThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Nowacki K, Grabowska S, Łakomy K. Activities of employers and OHS services during the developing COVID-19 epidemic in Poland. SAFETY SCIENCE 2020; 131:104935. [PMID: 32834519 PMCID: PMC7392100 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidemic is affecting the global economy, plunging many industries. The global extent of the epidemic and government controls, restrictions and constraints have led to imbalances in world trade and have put many companies under pressure. The epidemic is a test of individual companies' ability to operate effectively in the new environment. It is up to managers to mitigate its impact on business. The aim of the article is to identify the activities of employers in Poland related to the protection of workers with the developing epidemic COVID-19. METHODS A survey was carried out among the employees of OHS services employed in enterprises in Poland. The research was conducted in three stages at two-week intervals. The obtained results were subjected to statistical analyses. RESULTS In the analysed three periods a total of 588 answers were obtained, which allowed to formulate conclusions. The research showed that in connection with the COVID-19 epidemic, about 30% of the plants updated their occupational risk assessment, about 40% updated their safety instructions, about 90% of the plants equipped their employees with additional personal protective equipment. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 outbreak in Poland resulted in taking additional actions by employers to protect workers. Systematicity (methodicality) of these activities depended mainly on the seniority of the OHS service. As a border internship indicating a different approach to an emergency situation related to the epidemic, 7 years were set.
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Zhang Y, Wang C, Pan W, Zheng J, Gao J, Huang X, Cai S, Zhai Y, Latour JM, Zhu C. Stress, Burnout, and Coping Strategies of Frontline Nurses During the COVID-19 Epidemic in Wuhan and Shanghai, China. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:565520. [PMID: 33192686 PMCID: PMC7649755 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.565520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nurses at the frontline of caring for COVID-19 patients might experience mental health challenges and supportive coping strategies are needed to reduce their stress and burnout. The aim of this study was to identify stressors and burnout among frontline nurses caring for COVID-19 patients in Wuhan and Shanghai and to explore perceived effective morale support strategies. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in March 2020 among 110 nurses from Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, who were deployed at COVID-19 units in Wuhan and Shanghai. A COVID-19 questionnaire was adapted from the previous developed "psychological impacts of SARS" questionnaire and included stressors (31 items), coping strategies (17 items), and effective support measures (16 items). Burnout was measured with the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Results: Totally, 107 (97%) nurses responded. Participants mean age was 30.28 years and 90.7% were females. Homesickness was most frequently reported as a stressor (96.3%). Seven of the 17 items related to coping strategies were undertaken by all participants. Burnout was observed in the emotional exhaustion and depersonalization subscales, with 78.5 and 92.5% of participants presenting mild levels of burnout, respectively. However, 52 (48.6%) participants experienced a severe lack of personal accomplishment. Participants with longer working hours in COVID-19 quarantine units presented higher emotional exhaustion (OR = 2.72, 95% CI 0.02-5.42; p = 0.049) and depersonalization (OR = 1.14, 95% CI 0.10-2.19; p = 0.033). Participants with younger age experienced higher emotional exhaustion (OR = 2.96, 95% CI 0.11-5.82; p = 0.042) and less personal accomplishment (OR = 3.80, 95% CI 0.47-7.13; p = 0.033). Conclusions: Nurses in this study experienced considerable stress and the most frequently reported stressors were related to families. Nurses who were younger and those working longer shift-time tended to present higher burnout levels. Psychological support strategies need to be organized and implemented to improve mental health among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunling Wang
- Department of Nursing, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyan Pan
- Department of Nursing, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jili Zheng
- Department of Nursing, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Department of Biostatistics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Psychology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shining Cai
- Department of Nursing, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Zhai
- School of Nursing, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jos M. Latour
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health: Medicine, Dentistry and Human Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Chouwen Zhu
- Department of Hospital Administration, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Chan GMF, Kanneganti A, Yasin N, Ismail-Pratt I, Logan SJS. Well-being, obstetrics and gynaecology and COVID-19: Leaving no trainee behind. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2020; 60:983-986. [PMID: 32929718 DOI: 10.1111/ajo.13249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly disrupted training in obstetrics and gynaecology. Past pandemics have been shown to result in significant psychological morbidity. As specialty trainees continue frontline work, they will face unprecedented work environments and may face delays in progression due to postponed examinations, case log shortfalls and inadequate clinical rotations. This contributes to burnout, anxiety and depression. We share technology-based suggestions as well as institutional, departmental and self-care tips on how to maintain trainees' mental well-being during the fight against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Ming Fen Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Abhiram Kanneganti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nooraishah Yasin
- Department of Gynaecology Oncology, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ida Ismail-Pratt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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Khanam A, Dar SA, Wani ZA, Shah NN, Haq I, Kousar S. Healthcare Providers on the Frontline: A Quantitative Investigation of the Stress and Recent Onset Psychological Impact of Delivering Health Care Services During COVID-19 in Kashmir. Indian J Psychol Med 2020; 42:359-367. [PMID: 33402797 PMCID: PMC7746896 DOI: 10.1177/0253717620933985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frontline healthcare workers (FHCWs) are at an increased risk of contracting COVID-19. We aimed to assess the stress and psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic among FHCWs. METHODS This was an exploratory hospital-based study. A semistructured e-questionnaire was developed and shared through emails, WhatsApp groups, Facebook, and Twitter. The study instruments used were stress questionnaire and the impact of event scale-revised. RESULTS We received 133 valid responses. A total of 81 (61.4%) of the respondents were single, 74 (55.6) were male, 70 (52.6%) were between 20 and 29 years of age, and 91 (68.4%) were from urban background. A total of 83 (62.4%) of respondents were doctors and 28 (21.1%) were registered nurses. A total of 36 (27.1%) were posted in emergency and 34 (25.6%) were in the in-patient department. Feeling sad and pessimistic, feeling of being avoided by others, the burden of change in the quality of work, and worrying whether the family will be cared for in their absence were significantly more in nurses as compared to the doctors. Stress due to burden in an increase in the quantity of work was seen more in FHCWs working in the swab collection center as compared to those working in the in-patient department, emergency, or theaters. Severe psychological impact was seen in 81 (60.9%) of FHCWs. The psychological impact was significantly more in males and in those who were married. It was also significantly related to the place of posting. CONCLUSION More than half of the FHCWs had a severe psychological impact owing to COVID-19. The psychological impact was more in males and those who were married, and it was related to the place of posting of the FHCWs. Nurses had significantly higher stress as compared to doctors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaliya Khanam
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Shabir Ahmad Dar
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Zaid Ahmad Wani
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Naveed Nazir Shah
- Dept. of Chest Medicine, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Inaamul Haq
- Dept. of Social and Preventive Medicine, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Shazia Kousar
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Aldrees T, Al Ghobain M, Alenezi A, Alqaryan S, Aldadeeb D, Alotaibi N, Alzahrani K, Alharethy S. Medical residents' attitudes and emotions related to Middle East respiratory syndrome in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study. Saudi Med J 2018; 38:942-947. [PMID: 28889153 PMCID: PMC5654029 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2017.9.20626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To determine medical residents’ emotions, attitudes, and knowledge related to Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreaks. Methods: In this is a cross sectional study, self-administered questionnaires were distributed and collected before resident education activities in 4 tertiary hospitals in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, between November 2015 and January 2016. The questionnaire included questions related to residents’ demographic data and their emotions, attitudes, and knowledge related to an MERS outbreak. Results: Of the 228 participants analyzed, 85.5% believed their work put them at risk of infection, and two-thirds believed their family was exposed to a greater risk of infection. However, only 2.6% would change their job. Nearly half of the residents indicated that their hospital had a clear plan, and only 28% considered themselves not well prepared for an MERS outbreak. Conclusions: Our study highlights medical residents’ attitude and emotions related to MERS outbreaks. Residents’ concerns and emotions in relation to MERS should be considered in greater detail by hospital policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turki Aldrees
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
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Perception and Attitude of Emergency Room Resident Physicians toward Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Outbreak. Emerg Med Int 2017; 2017:6978256. [PMID: 28487774 PMCID: PMC5402244 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6978256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreaks have had a considerable negative impact on health systems in Saudi Arabia. We aimed to study the psychological impact of a Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) outbreak on emergency room resident physicians (ERRPs). Methods. We assessed the MERS-related psychological impact and concerns of ERRPs using a self-report questionnaire. Results. The majority (91%) of the ERRPs agreed that their work put them at risk of infection, but most (65%) did not agree that they should not be looking after patients infected with MERS. Despite that, 54% of ERRPs reported being afraid of contracting the infection from infected patients and only 4.2% of them were willing to change their current job. The majority of the ERRPs (85%) felt that their job would expose their families to risk of infection. Conclusions. Our study demonstrated the considerable psychological impact of MERS outbreaks on ERRPs. The ERRPs' concerns and the psychological impact of MERS outbreaks should be considered in greater detail by hospital policymakers.
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Ip DKM, Lau EHY, Tam YH, So HC, Cowling BJ, Kwok HKH. Increases in absenteeism among health care workers in Hong Kong during influenza epidemics, 2004-2009. BMC Infect Dis 2015; 15:586. [PMID: 26715075 PMCID: PMC4696217 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-015-1316-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are a major cause of sickness absenteeism among health care workers (HCWs) and contribute significantly to overall productivity loss particularly during influenza epidemics. The purpose of this study is to quantify the increases in absenteeism during epidemics including the 2009 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic. Methods We analysed administrative data to determine patterns of sickness absence among HCWs in Hong Kong from January 2004 through December 2009, and used multivariable linear regression model to estimate the excess all-cause and ARI-related sickness absenteeism rates during influenza epidemics. Results We found that influenza epidemics prior to the 2009 pandemic and during the 2009 pandemic were associated with 8.4 % (95 % CI: 5.6–11.2 %) and 57.7 % (95 % CI: 54.6–60.9 %) increases in overall sickness absence, and 26.5 % (95 % CI: 21.4–31.5 %) and 90.9 % (95 % CI: 85.2–96.6 %) increases in ARI-related sickness absence among HCWs in Hong Kong, respectively. Comparing different staff types, increases in overall absenteeism were highest among medical staff, during seasonal influenza epidemic periods (51.3 %, 95 % CI: 38.9–63.7 %) and the pandemic mitigation period (142.1 %, 95 % CI: 128.0–156.1 %). Conclusions Influenza epidemics were associated with a substantial increase in sickness absence and productivity loss among HCWs in Hong Kong, and there was a much higher rate of absenteeism during the 2009 pandemic. These findings could inform better a more proactive workforce redistribution plans to allow for sufficient surge capacity in annual epidemics, and for pandemic preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis K M Ip
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Eric H Y Lau
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yat Hung Tam
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Hau Chi So
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Benjamin J Cowling
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Henry K H Kwok
- Hong Kong Centre of Occupational Medicine, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China.
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Dewar B, Barr I, Robinson P. Hospital capacity and management preparedness for pandemic influenza in Victoria. Aust N Z J Public Health 2015; 38:184-90. [PMID: 24690058 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to investigate acute hospital pandemic influenza preparedness in Victoria, Australia, particularly focussing on planning and management efforts. METHODS A prospective study was conducted by questionnaire and semi-structured interview of health managers across the Victorian hospital system from July to October 2011. Participants with responsibility for emergency management, planning and operations were selected from every hospital in Victoria with an emergency department to complete a questionnaire (response rate 22/43 = 51%). Each respondent was invited to participate in a phone-based semi-structured interview (response rate 11/22 = 50%). RESULTS Rural/regional hospitals demonstrated higher levels of clinical (86%) and non-clinical (86%) staff contingency planning than metropolitan hospitals (60% and 40% respectively). Pandemic plans were not being sufficiently tested in exercises or drills, which is likely to undermine their effectiveness. All respondents reported hand hygiene and standard precautions programs in place, although only one-third (33%) of metropolitan respondents and no rural/regional respondents reported being able to meet patient needs with high levels of staff absenteeism. Almost half Victoria's healthcare workers were unvaccinated against influenza. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Hospitals across Victoria demonstrated different levels of influenza pandemic preparedness and planning. If a more severe influenza pandemic than that of 2009 arose, Victorian hospitals would struggle with workforce and infrastructure problems, particularly in rural/regional areas. Staff absenteeism threatens to undermine hospital pandemic responses. Various strategies, including education and communication, should be included with in-service training to provide staff with confidence in their ability to work safely during a future pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Dewar
- School of Public Health and Human Biosciences, La Trobe University, Victoria
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Aoyagi Y, Beck CR, Dingwall R, Nguyen-Van-Tam JS. Healthcare workers' willingness to work during an influenza pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2015; 9:120-30. [PMID: 25807865 PMCID: PMC4415696 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To estimate the proportion of healthcare workers (HCWs) willing to work during an influenza pandemic and identify associated risk factors, we undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis compliant with PRISMA guidance. Databases and grey literature were searched to April 2013, and records were screened against protocol eligibility criteria. Data extraction and risk of bias assessments were undertaken using a piloted form. Random-effects meta-analyses estimated (i) pooled proportion of HCWs willing to work and (ii) pooled odds ratios of risk factors associated with willingness to work. Heterogeneity was quantified using the I(2) statistic, and publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger's test. Data were synthesized narratively where meta-analyses were not possible. Forty-three studies met our inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis of the proportion of HCWs willing to work was abandoned due to excessive heterogeneity (I(2) = 99.2%). Narrative synthesis showed study estimates ranged from 23.1% to 95.8% willingness to work, depending on context. Meta-analyses of specific factors showed that male HCWs, physicians and nurses, full-time employment, perceived personal safety, awareness of pandemic risk and clinical knowledge of influenza pandemics, role-specific knowledge, pandemic response training, and confidence in personal skills were statistically significantly associated with increased willingness. Childcare obligations were significantly associated with decreased willingness. HCWs' willingness to work during an influenza pandemic was moderately high, albeit highly variable. Numerous risk factors showed a statistically significant association with willingness to work despite significant heterogeneity between studies. None of the included studies were based on appropriate theoretical constructs of population behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Aoyagi
- Division of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of NottinghamNottingham, UK
| | - Charles R Beck
- Division of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of NottinghamNottingham, UK
| | - Robert Dingwall
- Dingwall Enterprises Ltd, Nottingham Trent UniversityNottingham, UK
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Napoli C, Fabiani M, Rizzo C, Barral M, Oxford J, Cohen J, Niddam L, Goryński P, Pistol A, Lionis C, Briand S, Nicoll A, Penttinen P, Gauci C, Bounekkar A, Bonnevay S, Beresniak A. Assessment of human influenza pandemic scenarios in Europe. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 20:29-38. [PMID: 25719965 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2015.20.7.21038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Napoli
- Istituto Superiore di Sanita (ISS), Rome, Italy
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Arbon P, Cusack L, Ranse J, Shaban RZ, Considine J, Kako M, Woodman RJ, Mitchell B, Bahnisch L, Hammad K. Exploring staff willingness to attend work during a disaster: A study of nurses employed in four Australian emergency departments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 16:103-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aenj.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Arbon P, Ranse J, Cusack L, Considine J, Shaban RZ, Woodman RJ, Bahnisch L, Kako M, Hammad K, Mitchell B. Australasian emergency nurses’ willingness to attend work in a disaster: A survey. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 16:52-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aenj.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Braithwaite S, Friedman B, Mutter R, Handrigan M. Microsimulation of financial impact of demand surge on hospitals: the H1N1 influenza pandemic of fall 2009. Health Serv Res 2013; 48:735-52. [PMID: 23398540 PMCID: PMC3626336 DOI: 10.1111/1475-6773.12041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Microsimulation was used to assess the financial impact on hospitals of a surge in influenza admissions in advance of the H1N1 pandemic in the fall of 2009. The goal was to estimate net income and losses (nationally, and by hospital type) of a response of filling unused hospital bed capacity proportionately and postponing elective admissions (a "passive" supply response). METHODS Epidemiologic assumptions were combined with assumptions from other literature (e.g., staff absenteeism, profitability by payer class), Census data on age groups by region, and baseline hospital utilization data. Hospital discharge records were available from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS). Hospital bed capacity and staffing were measured with the American Hospital Association's (AHA) Annual Survey. RESULTS Nationwide, in a scenario of relatively severe epidemiologic assumptions, we estimated aggregate net income of $119 million for about 1 million additional influenza-related admissions, and a net loss of $37 million for 52,000 postponed elective admissions. IMPLICATIONS Aggregate and distributional results did not suggest that a policy of promising additional financial compensation to hospitals in anticipation of the surge in flu cases was necessary. The analysis identified needs for better information of several types to improve simulations of hospital behavior and impacts during demand surges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Braithwaite
- Wichita-Sedgwick County EMS System Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Kansas Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health University of KansasWichita, KS
| | - Bernard Friedman
- Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Department of Health and Human Services
| | - Ryan Mutter
- Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Healthcare Research and QualityRockville, MD
| | - Michael Handrigan
- Department of Health and Human Services, Center for Medicare and Medicaid ServicesArlington, VA
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Factors associated with the willingness of health care personnel to work during an influenza public health emergency: an integrative review. Prehosp Disaster Med 2012; 27:551-66. [PMID: 23031432 DOI: 10.1017/s1049023x12001331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The first decade of the 21st century has witnessed three major influenza public health emergencies: (1) the severe acute respiratory syndrome of 2002-2003; (2) the avian flu of 2006; and (3) the 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza. An effective public health response to an influenza public health emergency depends on the majority of uninfected health care personnel (HCP) continuing to report to work. The purposes of this study were to determine the state of the evidence concerning the willingness of HCP to work during an influenza public health emergency, to identify the gaps for future investigation, and to facilitate evidence-based influenza public health emergency planning. METHODS A systemic literature review of relevant, peer-reviewed, quantitative, English language studies published from January 1, 2001 through June 30, 2010 was conducted. Search strategies included the Cochrane Library, PubMed, PubMed Central, EBSCO Psychological and Behavioral Sciences Collection, Google Scholar, ancestry searching of citations in relevant publications, and information from individuals with a known interest in the topic. RESULTS Thirty-two studies met the inclusion criteria. Factors associated with a willingness to work during an influenza public health emergency include: being male, being a doctor or nurse, working in a clinical or emergency department, working full-time, prior influenza education and training, prior experience working during an influenza emergency, the perception of value in response, the belief in duty, the availability of personal protective equipment (PPE), and confidence in one's employer. Factors found to be associated with less willingness were: being female, being in a supportive staff position, working part-time, the peak phase of the influenza emergency, concern for family and loved ones, and personal obligations. Interventions that resulted in the greatest increase in the HCP's willingness to work were preferential access to Tamiflu for the HCP and his/her family, and the provision of a vaccine for the individual and his/her family. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the factors that contribute to the willingness of HCP to report to work during an influenza public health emergency is critical to emergency planning and preparedness. Information from this review can guide emergency policy makers, planners, and implementers in both understanding and influencing the willingness of HCP to work during an influenza public health emergency.
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Stergachis A, Garberson L, Lien O, D'Ambrosio L, Sangaré L, Dold C. Health care workers' ability and willingness to report to work during public health emergencies. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2012; 5:300-8. [PMID: 22146669 DOI: 10.1001/dmp.2011.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We conducted a county-wide survey to assess the ability and willingness of health care workers to report to work during a pandemic influenza and a severe earthquake and to identify barriers and strategies that would help them report to work. METHODS A stratified random sample of 9211 health care workers was selected from the Washington state licensure database and from health care agencies. We assessed correlates between self-reported ability and willingness to report to work and demographic and employer-related variables under two scenarios, influenza pandemic and a severe earthquake. RESULTS For the influenza pandemic scenario, 95% of respondents reported that they would be able and 89% reported that they would be willing to report to their usual place of work. Seventy-four percent of respondents reported that they would be able and 88% would be willing to report to their usual place of work following a severe earthquake. The most frequently cited strategies that would help respondents report to work during an influenza pandemic were the availability of anti-viral influenza treatment and the ability to work from home. For persons with children at home, the strategy to increase ability to report to work during an earthquake was the availability of child care. CONCLUSIONS The majority of the King County health care workforce is willing and able to respond to an influenza pandemic or a severe earthquake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Stergachis
- Northwest Center for Public Health Practice, University of Washington, Seattle,WA98195, USA.
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Considine J, Shaban RZ, Patrick J, Holzhauser K, Aitken P, Clark M, Fielding E, FitzGerald G. Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza in Australia: Absenteeism and redeployment of emergency medicine and nursing staff. Emerg Med Australas 2011; 23:615-23. [PMID: 21995477 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-6723.2011.01461.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to examine the impact of Pandemic (H(1)N(1)) 2009 Influenza on the Australian emergency nursing and medicine workforce, specifically absenteeism and deployment. METHODS Data were collected using an online survey of 618 members of the three professional emergency medicine or emergency nursing colleges. RESULTS Despite significant increases in emergency demand during the Pandemic (H(1)N(1)) 2009 Influenza, 56.6% of emergency nursing and medicine staff reported absenteeism of at least 1 day and only 8.5% of staff were redeployed. Staff illness with influenza-like illness was reported by 37% of respondents, and 87% of respondents who became ill were not tested for the Pandemic (H(1)N(1)) 2009 Influenza. Of the respondents who became ill, 43% (n= 79) reported missing no days of work and only 8% of respondents (n= 14) reported being absent for more than 5 days. The mean number of days away from work was 3.73 (standard deviation = 3.63). Factors anecdotally associated with staff absenteeism (caregiver responsibilities, concern about personal illness, concern about exposing family members to illness, school closures, risk of quarantine, stress and increased workload) appeared to be of little or no relevance. Redeployment was reported by 8% of respondents and the majority of redeployment was for operational reasons. CONCLUSION Future research related to absenteeism, redeployment during actual pandemic events is urgently needed. Workforce data collection should be an integral part of organizational pandemic planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Considine
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Deakin University, Burwood, Queensland, Australia.
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Ma X, He Z, Wang Y, Jiang L, Xu Y, Qian C, Sun R, Chen E, Hu Z, Zhou L, Zhou F, Qin T, Cao X, An Y, Sun R, Zhang X, Lin J, Ai Y, Wu D, Du B. Knowledge and attitudes of healthcare workers in Chinese intensive care units regarding 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. BMC Infect Dis 2011; 11:24. [PMID: 21266085 PMCID: PMC3037318 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-11-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To describe the knowledge and attitudes of critical care clinicians during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. METHODS A survey conducted in 21 intensive care units in 17 provinces in China. RESULTS Out of 733 questionnaires distributed, 695 were completed. Three hundred and fifty-six respondents (51.2%) reported their experience of caring for H1N1 patients. Despite the fact that 88.5% of all respondents ultimately finished an H1N1 training program, only 41.9% admitted that they had the knowledge of 2009 H1N1 influenza. A total of 572 respondents (82.3%) expressed willingness to care for H1N1 patients. Independent variables associated with increasing likelihood to care for patients in the logistic regression analysis were physicians or nurses rather than other professionals (odds ratio 4.056 and 3.235, p = 0.002 and 0.007, respectively), knowledge training prior to patient care (odds ratio 1.531, p = 0.044), and the confidence to know how to protect themselves and their patients (odds ratio 2.109, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Critical care clinicians reported poor knowledge of H1N1 influenza, even though most finished a relevant knowledge training program. Implementation of appropriate education program might improve compliance to infection control measures, and willingness to work in a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Zhenyang He
- Hainan Provincial People's Hospital, Haikou, PR China
| | - Yushan Wang
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Li Jiang
- Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chuanyun Qian
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College, Kunming, PR China
| | - Rongqing Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Erzhen Chen
- Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhenjie Hu
- Hebei Medical University Fourth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Lihua Zhou
- The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical College, Huhhot, PR China
| | - Fachun Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Tiehe Qin
- Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiangyuan Cao
- Affiliated Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, PR China
| | - Youzhong An
- Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Renhua Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, PR China
| | | | - Jiandong Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Yuhang Ai
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Dawei Wu
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Bin Du
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, PR China
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Abstract
AIM The present study reports factors affecting nurses' ability and willingness to work during pandemic flu (PF). BACKGROUND Previous studies suggest some nurses may be unable or unwilling to work during PF. METHOD A questionnaire was mailed to nurses during October to December 2009, the second wave of the 2009 A/H1N1 flu pandemic. RESULTS Most (90.1%) reported they would work. Willingness decreased primarily as personal protective equipment (PPE) dwindled, family or nurse were perceived to be at risk and when vaccine or antiviral medication was not provided to both nurse and family although many other factors also affected willingness to work. Ability decreased primarily when the nurse was sick, a loved one needed care at home or transportation problems existed although many other factors also affected ability to work. CONCLUSION Certain factors can decrease willingness and ability of nurses to work during a flu pandemic. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT Managers can anticipate factors that may decrease nurse's ability and willingness to work during pandemic flu. Preparing for staffing during emergencies can retain the health care workforce when it is needed most.
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Goulia P, Mantas C, Dimitroula D, Mantis D, Hyphantis T. General hospital staff worries, perceived sufficiency of information and associated psychological distress during the A/H1N1 influenza pandemic. BMC Infect Dis 2010; 10:322. [PMID: 21062471 PMCID: PMC2990753 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-10-322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Health care workers (HCWs) presented frequent concerns regarding their health and their families' health and high levels of psychological distress during previous disease outbreaks, such as the SARS outbreak, which was associated with social isolation and intentional absenteeism. We aimed to assess HCWs concerns and anxiety, perceived sufficiency of information, and intended behavior during the recent A/H1N1 influenza pandemic and their associations with psychological distress. Method Between September 1st and 30th, 2009, 469 health-care workers (HCWs) of a tertiary teaching hospital completed a 20-item questionnaire regarding concerns and worries about the new A/H1N1 influenza pandemic, along with Cassileth's Information Styles Questionnaire (part-I) and the GHQ-28. Results More than half of the present study's HCWs (56.7%) reported they were worried about the A/H1N1 influenza pandemic, their degree of anxiety being moderately high (median 6/9). The most frequent concern was infection of family and friends and the health consequences of the disease (54.9%). The perceived risk of being infected was considered moderately high (median 6/9). Few HCWs (6.6%) had restricted their social contacts and fewer (3.8%) felt isolated by their family members and friends because of their hospital work, while a low percentage (4.3%) indented to take a leave to avoid infection. However, worry and degree of worry were significantly associated with intended absenteeism (p < 0.0005), restriction of social contacts (p < 0.0005), and psychological distress (p = 0.036). Perceived sufficiency of information about several aspects of the A/H1N1 influenza was moderately high, and the overall information about the A/H1N1 influenza was considered clear (median 7.4/9). Also, perceived sufficiency of information for the prognosis of the infection was significantly independently associated with the degree of worry about the pandemic (p = 0.008). Conclusions A significant proportion of HCWs experienced moderately high anxiety about the pandemic, and their degree of worry was an independent correlate of psychological distress. Since perceived sufficiency of information about the A/H1N1 influenza prognosis was associated with reduced degree of worry, hospital managers and consultation-liaison psychiatry services should try to provide for HCWs' need for information, in order to offer favourable working conditions in times of extreme distress, such as the current and future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Goulia
- Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Greece
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Maunder RG, Lancee WJ, Mae R, Vincent L, Peladeau N, Beduz MA, Hunter JJ, Leszcz M. Computer-assisted resilience training to prepare healthcare workers for pandemic influenza: a randomized trial of the optimal dose of training. BMC Health Serv Res 2010; 10:72. [PMID: 20307302 PMCID: PMC2851711 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6963-10-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2009] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Working in a hospital during an extraordinary infectious disease outbreak can cause significant stress and contribute to healthcare workers choosing to reduce patient contact. Psychological training of healthcare workers prior to an influenza pandemic may reduce stress-related absenteeism, however, established training methods that change behavior and attitudes are too resource-intensive for widespread use. This study tests the feasibility and effectiveness of a less expensive alternative - an interactive, computer-assisted training course designed to build resilience to the stresses of working during a pandemic. METHODS A "dose-finding" study compared pre-post changes in three different durations of training. We measured variables that are likely to mediate stress-responses in a pandemic before and after training: confidence in support and training, pandemic-related self-efficacy, coping style and interpersonal problems. RESULTS 158 hospital workers took the course and were randomly assigned to the short (7 sessions, median cumulative duration 111 minutes), medium (12 sessions, 158 minutes) or long (17 sessions, 223 minutes) version. Using an intention-to-treat analysis, the course was associated with significant improvements in confidence in support and training, pandemic self-efficacy and interpersonal problems. Participants who under-utilized coping via problem-solving or seeking support or over-utilized escape-avoidance experienced improved coping. Comparison of doses showed improved interpersonal problems in the medium and long course but not in the short course. There was a trend towards higher drop-out rates with longer duration of training. CONCLUSIONS Computer-assisted resilience training in healthcare workers appears to be of significant benefit and merits further study under pandemic conditions. Comparing three "doses" of the course suggested that the medium course was optimal.
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Brown LH, Aitken P, Leggat PA, Speare R. Self-reported anticipated compliance with physician advice to stay home during pandemic (H1N1) 2009: results from the 2009 Queensland Social Survey. BMC Public Health 2010; 10:138. [PMID: 20233450 PMCID: PMC2847980 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Accepted: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One strategy available to public health officials during a pandemic is physician recommendations for isolation of infected individuals. This study was undertaken during the height of the Australian pandemic (H1N1) 2009 outbreak to measure self-reported willingness to comply with physician recommendations to stay home for seven days, and to compare responses for the current strain of pandemic influenza, avian influenza, seasonal influenza, and the common cold. Methods Data were collected as part of the Queensland Social Survey (QSS) 2009, which consisted of a standardized introduction, 37 demographic questions, and research questions incorporated through a cost-sharing arrangement. Four questions related to respondents' anticipated compliance with a physician's advice to stay home if they had a common cold, seasonal influenza, pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza or avian influenza were incorporated into QSS 2009, with responses recorded using a balanced Likert scale ranging from "very unlikely" to "very likely." Discordance between responses for different diseases was analysed using McNemar's test. Associations between demographic variables and anticipated compliance were analysed using Pearson's chi-square or chi-square for linear-by-linear association, and confirmed using multivariate logistic regression; p < 0.05 was used to establish statistical significance. Results Self-reported anticipated compliance increased from 59.9% for the common cold to 71.3% for seasonal influenza (p < .001), and to 95.0% for pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza and 94.7% for avian influenza (p < 0.001 for both versus seasonal influenza). Anticipated compliance did not differ for pandemic (H1N1) 2009 and avian influenza (p = 0.815). Age and sex were both associated with anticipated compliance in the setting of seasonal influenza and the common cold. Notably, 27.1% of health and community service workers would not comply with physician advice to stay home for seasonal influenza. Conclusions Ninety-five percent of people report they would comply with a physicians' advice to stay home for seven days if they are diagnosed with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 or avian influenza, but only 71% can be expected to comply in the setting of seasonal influenza and fewer still can be expected to comply if they are diagnosed with a common cold. Sub-populations that might be worthwhile targets for public health messages aimed at increasing the rate of self-imposed isolation for seasonal influenza include males, younger people, and healthcare workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence H Brown
- Anton Breinl Centre, School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
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