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Li X, He S, Zhou J, Yu X, Li L, Liu Y, Li W. Cr (VI) induces abnormalities in glucose and lipid metabolism through ROS/Nrf2 signaling. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 219:112320. [PMID: 33991932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The hexavalent form of chromium, Cr (VI), has been associated with various diseases in humans. In this study, we examined the mechanisms underlying the effect of Cr (VI) on glucose and lipid metabolism in vivo and in vitro. We found that Cr (VI) induced abnormal liver function, increased fasting blood glucose (FBG), as well as glucose and insulin intolerance in mice. Furthermore, Cr (VI) decreased glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) level and glucose transporter-2 (GLUT2) expression, increased the levels of triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), reduced high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and increased sterol regulatory element-binding proteins 1 (SREBP1) and fat synthase (FAS) in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, Cr (VI) promoted intracellular ROS production in vitro, and induced reduction of antioxidant enzyme level and Nrf2/HO-1 expression in vitro and in vivo. Also, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC, effective antioxidant and free radical scavenger) pretreatment inhibited the production of intracellular ROS, significantly suppressed Cr (VI)-induced oxidative stress, lipid accumulation, decreased G6P and GLUT2, and improved impaired glucose tolerance and glucose and insulin intolerance caused by Cr (VI) in mice. Dh404 activated expression of Nrf2 decreased ROS level, increased HO-1 expression, ameliorated activity of the antioxidant enzyme, inhibited Cr (VI) increase of SREBP1, FAS level, and reduction of G6P and GLUT2. To sum up, these data suggest that dysregulation of ROS/Nrf2/HO-1 has an important role in Cr (VI)-induced glucose/lipid metabolic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, China
| | - Shengwen He
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaoli Yu
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, China
| | - Lanhua Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, China
| | - Yumei Liu
- Public Health Demonstration Center, School of Public Health, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, China
| | - Wanwei Li
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, School of Public Health, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, China.
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Velásquez M, Méndez D, Moneriz C. Pyridoxine Decreases Oxidative Stress on Human Erythrocyte Membrane Protein in vitro. Open Biochem J 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1874091x01913010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Pyridoxine has reduction and prevention against the levels of reactive oxygen species in in vitro studies. However, the biochemical mechanism that explains this behavior has not yet been fully clarified.
Objective:
To evaluate the effect of pyridoxine against oxidative damage on the membrane of human erythrocytes.
Methods:
Cumene hydroperoxide was used to induce oxidative stress in protein and lipid. Human erythrocytes were incubated with pyridoxine and cumene hydroperoxide, either alone or together for 8 h. Oxidative damage was determined by measuring lipid peroxidation and membrane protein carbonylation.
Results:
The results indicate that the malondialdehyde concentration decreased with increasing concentration of pyridoxine. The membrane protein content also decreased with increasing concentration of vitamin B6, which was confirmed by the decreased signal intensity in the western blot when compared to control without pyridoxine. Results demonstrate that pyridoxine can significantly decrease lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation in red cell membrane exposed to high concentrations of oxidant agent.
Conclusion:
Pyridoxine showed a protective effect against the oxidative stress in human erythrocytes in vitro, inhibiting the carbonylation and the oxidative damage of erythrocyte membrane proteins. To date, such an effect has not yet been reported in terms of protein oxidation.
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Gould RL, Pazdro R. Impact of Supplementary Amino Acids, Micronutrients, and Overall Diet on Glutathione Homeostasis. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1056. [PMID: 31083508 PMCID: PMC6566166 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is a critical endogenous antioxidant found in all eukaryotic cells. Higher GSH concentrations protect against cellular damage, tissue degeneration, and disease progression in various models, so there is considerable interest in developing interventions that augment GSH biosynthesis. Oral GSH supplementation is not the most efficient option due to the enzymatic degradation of ingested GSH within the intestine by γ-glutamyltransferase, but supplementation of its component amino acids-cysteine, glycine, and glutamate-enhances tissue GSH synthesis. Furthermore, supplementation with some non-precursor amino acids and micronutrients appears to influence the redox status of GSH and related antioxidants, such as vitamins C and E, lowering systemic oxidative stress and slowing the rate of tissue deterioration. In this review, the effects of oral supplementation of amino acids and micronutrients on GSH metabolism are evaluated. And since specific dietary patterns and diets are being prescribed as first-line therapeutics for conditions such as hypertension and diabetes, the impact of overall diets on GSH homeostasis is also assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Gould
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Robert Pazdro
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Banerjee S, Joshi N, Mukherjee R, Singh PK, Baxi D, Ramachandran AV. Melatonin protects against chromium (VI) induced hepatic oxidative stress and toxicity: Duration dependent study with realistic dosage. Interdiscip Toxicol 2017; 10:20-29. [PMID: 30123032 PMCID: PMC6096861 DOI: 10.1515/intox-2017-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to assess the degree of oxidative stress and toxic effects induced by chromium on hepatic tissue in male Wistar rats exposed to a realistic dosage of Cr(VI) (20 mg/kg/b.w./day) through drinking water, based on the levels of these metals found in the environment, for a duration of 15, 30 and 60 days. The protective effect of melatonin (10 mg/kg) was also studied by simultaneous administration with the metal. Levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants as well as lipid peroxidation were assessed. There was a significant decrease in enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic antioxidants and an increase in the lipid peroxidation level, which were prevented and maintained at near-normal levels by the administration of melatonin in all treatment periods. Metal accumulation was maximal at 15 days, with gradual decreases till 60 days. Histopathological observations also demonstrated the fact that Cr (VI) exposure leads to cytological lesions in the hepatic tissue promoting cellular necrotic/apoptotic changes, while melatonin was able to counteract insults induced by Cr (VI) at all treatment periods. It also prevented alterations in insulin and glucose levels. Overall, the present study suggests a duration-dependent effect of Cr on hepatic oxidative stress and cytotoxicity and shows the potent activity of melatonin in preventing the negative effects of Cr (VI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Banerjee
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Sayajigunj, Vadodara - 390 002, India
| | - Niraj Joshi
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Sayajigunj, Vadodara - 390 002, India
| | - Raktim Mukherjee
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Sayajigunj, Vadodara - 390 002, India
| | - Prem Kumar Singh
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Sayajigunj, Vadodara - 390 002, India
| | - Darshee Baxi
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Sayajigunj, Vadodara - 390 002, India
| | - A V Ramachandran
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Sayajigunj, Vadodara - 390 002, India
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Feng W, Zhang W, Zhao T, Mao G, Wang W, Wu X, Zhou Z, Huang J, Bao Y, Yang L, Wu X. Evaluation of the Reproductive Toxicity, Glycometabolism, Glycometabolism-Related Enzyme Levels and Lipid Metabolism of Chromium Malate Supplementation in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2015; 168:150-68. [PMID: 25876088 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0336-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study showed that chromium malate improved the regulation of blood glucose in mice with alloxan-induced diabetes. The present study was designed to evaluate the reproductive toxicity of chromium malate in Sprague-Dawley rats and then inspected the effect of chromium malate on glycometabolism, glycometabolism-related enzymes, and lipid metabolism. The results showed that no pathological, toxic feces and urine changes were observed in clinical signs of parental and fetal rats in chromium malate groups. The fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, insulin resistance index, C-peptide, hepatic glycogen, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glucokinase, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels of chromium malate groups have no significant change compared with control group and chromium picolinate group. The serum and organ contents of Cr in chromium malate groups have no significant change when compared with control group. No measurable damage on liver, brain, kidney, and testis/uterus of chromium malate groups was found. No significant change in body mass, absolute and relative organ weights, and hematological and biochemical changes of rats were observed compared with the control and chromium picolinate groups. The results indicated that supplements with chromium malate does not cause obvious damage and has no obvious effect on glycometabolism, glycometabolism-related enzyme, and lipid metabolism on female and male rats. The results of this study suggested that chromium malate is safe for human consumption and has the potential for application as a functional food ingredient and dietary supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Feng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guanghua Mao
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xueshan Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongtuan Bao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiangyang Wu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
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Kotyzová D, Hodková A, Bludovská M, Eybl V. Effect of chromium (VI) exposure on antioxidant defense status and trace element homeostasis in acute experiment in rat. Toxicol Ind Health 2013; 31:1044-50. [PMID: 23625905 DOI: 10.1177/0748233713487244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Occupational exposure to hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) compounds is of concern in many Cr-related industries and their surrounding environment. Cr(VI) is a proven toxin and carcinogen. The Cr(VI) compounds are easily absorbed, can diffuse across cell membranes, and have strong oxidative potential. Despite intensive studies of Cr(VI) pro-oxidative effects, limited data exist on the influence of Cr(VI) on selenoenzymes thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-important components of antioxidant defense system. This study investigates the effect of Cr(VI) exposure on antioxidant defense status, with focus on these selenoenzymes, and on trace element homeostasis in an acute experiment in rat. Male Wistar rats (130-140g) were assigned to two groups of 8 animals: I. control; and II. Cr(VI) treated. The animals in Cr(VI) group were administered a single dose of K2Cr2O7 (20 mg /kg, intraperitoneally (ip)). The control group received saline solution. After 24 h, the animals were sacrificed and the liver and kidneys were examined for lipid peroxidation (LP; thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) concentration), the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) and the activities of GPx-1, TrxR-1, and glutathione reductase (GR). Samples of tissues were also used to estimate Cr accumulation and alterations in zinc, copper, and iron levels. The acute Cr(VI) exposure caused an increase in both hepatic and renal LP (by 70%, p < 0.01 and by 15%, p < 0.05, respectively), increased hepatic GSH level and GPx-1 activity, and decreased renal GPx-1 activity. The activity of GR was not changed. A significant inhibitory effect of Cr(VI) was found on TrxR-1 activity in both the liver and the kidneys. The ability of Cr(VI) to cause TrxR inhibition could contribute to its cytotoxic effects. Further investigation of oxidative responses in different in vivo models may enable the development of strategies to protect against Cr(VI) oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Kotyzová
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Hodková
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Bludovská
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Vladislav Eybl
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic
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Kalahasthi RB, Rao RHR, Murthy RBK, Kumar MK. Effect of chromium(VI) on the status of plasma lipid peroxidation and erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes in chromium plating workers. Chem Biol Interact 2006; 164:192-9. [PMID: 17098216 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2006.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2006] [Revised: 09/12/2006] [Accepted: 09/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study was carried out to determine the effect of chromium(VI) on the status of plasma lipid peroxidation and erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes in workers exposed to chromium during chromium plating process. METHODS Fifty subjects working in chromium plating process formed the study group. An equal number of age-sex matched subjects working in administrative units formed the control group. The control subjects were residing in the same city but away from the work place of study group subjects. Urinary chromium levels were determined by using a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The plasma lipid peroxidation and erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes were determined by using spectrophotmetric methods. RESULTS A significant increase of plasma lipid peroxidation and a significant decrease of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase levels were noted in the study group as compared with the controls. The level of plasma lipid peroxidation was positively and erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes were negatively and significantly correlated with chromium levels in urine. Multiple regression analysis was assessed the oxidative stress associated with chromium and life style confounding factors such as BMI, coffee, tea, alcohol and smoking. The multiple regression analysis showed that the urine chromium levels >10 micro g/g of creatinine, smoking, consumption of green vegetables and BMI variables were significantly associated with the levels of oxidative stress. CONCLUSION The results show that the increased plasma lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) observed in chromium-exposed workers could be used as biomarkers of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Babu Kalahasthi
- Regional Occupational Health Centre (Southern), Indian Council of Medical Research, Bangalore Medical College Campus, Bangalore, India.
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Depeint F, Bruce WR, Shangari N, Mehta R, O’Brien PJ. Mitochondrial function and toxicity: Role of B vitamins on the one-carbon transfer pathways. Chem Biol Interact 2006; 163:113-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2006.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2006] [Revised: 05/17/2006] [Accepted: 05/18/2006] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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