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Rajan K, Alangode A, Menon JC, Raveendran D, Nair SS, Reick M, Nair BG, Reick M, Vanuopadath M. Comparative functional characterization and in vitro immunological cross-reactivity studies on Daboia russelii and Craspedocephalus malabaricus venom. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2024:trae038. [PMID: 38860309 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trae038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Snake venom is a complex mixture of organic and inorganic constituents, including proteins and peptides. Several studies showed that antivenom efficacy differs due to intra- and inter-species venom variation. METHODS In the current study, comparative functional characterization of major enzymatic proteins present in Craspedocephalus malabaricus and Daboia russelii venom was investigated through various in vitro and immunological cross-reactivity assays. RESULTS The enzymatic assays revealed that hyaluronidase and phospholipase A2 activities were markedly higher in D. russelii. By contrast, fibrinogenolytic, fibrin clotting and L-amino acid oxidase activities were higher in C. malabaricus venom. ELISA results suggested that all the antivenoms had lower binding potential towards C. malabaricus venom. For D. russelii venom, the endpoint titration value was observed at 1:72 900 for all the antivenoms. In the case of C. malabaricus venom, the endpoint titration value was 1:2700, except for Biological E (1:8100). All these results, along with the avidity assays, indicate the strength of venom-antivenom interactions. Similarly, the western blot results suggest that all the antivenoms showed varied efficacies in binding and detecting the venom antigenic epitopes in both species. CONCLUSIONS The results highlight the need for species-specific antivenom to better manage snakebite victims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthika Rajan
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Clappana P.O , Kollam 690 525, Kerala, India
| | - Aswathy Alangode
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Clappana P.O , Kollam 690 525, Kerala, India
| | - Jaideep C Menon
- Preventive Cardiology & Population Health Sciences, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682 041 , Kerala, India
| | - Dileepkumar Raveendran
- Indriyam Biologics Pvt. Ltd, SCTIMST-TIMED, 5th Floor. M S Valiathan Building, BMT Wing - Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695 012, Kerala, India
| | - Sudarslal Sadasivan Nair
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Clappana P.O , Kollam 690 525, Kerala, India
| | - Margaret Reick
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Clappana P.O , Kollam 690 525, Kerala, India
| | - Bipin Gopalakrishnan Nair
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Clappana P.O , Kollam 690 525, Kerala, India
| | - Martin Reick
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Clappana P.O , Kollam 690 525, Kerala, India
| | - Muralidharan Vanuopadath
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Clappana P.O , Kollam 690 525, Kerala, India
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Guo X, Fu Y, Peng J, Fu Y, Dong S, Ding RB, Qi X, Bao J. Emerging anticancer potential and mechanisms of snake venom toxins: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131990. [PMID: 38704067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Animal-derived venom, like snake venom, has been proven to be valuable natural resources for the drug development. Previously, snake venom was mainly investigated in its pharmacological activities in regulating coagulation, vasodilation, and cardiovascular function, and several marketed cardiovascular drugs were successfully developed from snake venom. In recent years, snake venom fractions have been demonstrated with anticancer properties of inducing apoptotic and autophagic cell death, restraining proliferation, suppressing angiogenesis, inhibiting cell adhesion and migration, improving immunity, and so on. A number of active anticancer enzymes and peptides have been identified from snake venom toxins, such as L-amino acid oxidases (LAAOs), phospholipase A2 (PLA2), metalloproteinases (MPs), three-finger toxins (3FTxs), serine proteinases (SPs), disintegrins, C-type lectin-like proteins (CTLPs), cell-penetrating peptides, cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISPs). In this review, we focus on summarizing these snake venom-derived anticancer components on their anticancer activities and underlying mechanisms. We will also discuss their potential to be developed as anticancer drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yuanfeng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Junbo Peng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ying Fu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shuai Dong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ren-Bo Ding
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Xingzhu Qi
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Jiaolin Bao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China.
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Chary PS, Shaikh S, Rajana N, Bhavana V, Mehra NK. Unlocking nature's arsenal: Nanotechnology for targeted delivery of venom toxins in cancer therapy. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 162:213903. [PMID: 38824828 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present review is to shed light on the nanotechnological approaches adopted to overcome the shortcomings associated with the delivery of venom peptides which possess inherent anti-cancer properties. BACKGROUND Venom peptides although have been reported to demonstrate anti-cancer effects, they suffer from several disadvantages such as in vivo instability, off-target adverse effects, limited drug loading and low bioavailability. This review presents a comprehensive compilation of different classes of nanocarriers while underscoring their advantages, disadvantages and potential to carry such peptide molecules for in vivo delivery. It also discusses various nanotechnological aspects such as methods of fabrication, analytical tools to assess these nanoparticulate formulations, modulation of nanocarrier polymer properties to enhance loading capacity, stability and improve their suitability to carry toxic peptide drugs. CONCLUSION Nanotechnological approaches bear great potential in delivering venom peptide-based molecules as anticancer agents by enhancing their bioavailability, stability, efficacy as well as offering a spatiotemporal delivery approach. However, the challenges associated with toxicity and biocompatibility of nanocarriers must be duly addressed. PERSPECTIVES The everlasting quest for new breakthroughs for safer delivery of venom peptides in human subjects is fuelled by unmet clinical needs in the current landscape of chemotherapy. In addition, exhaustive efforts are required in obtaining and purifying the venom peptides followed by designing and optimizing scale up technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padakanti Sandeep Chary
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Samia Shaikh
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Naveen Rajana
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Valamla Bhavana
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Neelesh Kumar Mehra
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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Offor BC, Piater LA. Snake venom toxins: Potential anticancer therapeutics. J Appl Toxicol 2024; 44:666-685. [PMID: 37697914 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Snake venom contains a cocktail of compounds dominated by proteins and peptides, which make up the toxin. The toxin components of snake venom attack several targets in the human body including the neuromuscular system, kidney and blood coagulation system and cause pathologies. As such, the venom toxins can be managed and used for the treatment of these diseases. In this regard, Captopril used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases was the first animal venom toxin-based drug approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency. Cancers cause morbidity and mortality worldwide. Due to side effects associated with the current cancer treatments including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, hormonal therapy and surgery, there is a need to improve the efficacy of current treatments and/or develop novel drugs from natural sources including animal toxin-based drugs. There is a long history of earlier and ongoing studies implicating snake venom toxins as potential anticancer therapies. Here, we review the role of crude snake venoms and toxins including phospholipase A2, L-amino acid oxidase, C-type lectin and disintegrin as potential anticancer agents tested in cancer cell lines and animal tumour models in comparison to normal cell lines. Some of the anti-tumour activities of snake venom toxins include induction of cytotoxicity, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and inhibition of metastasis, angiogenesis and tumour growth. We thus propose the advancement of multidisciplinary approaches to more pre-clinical and clinical studies for enhanced bioavailability and targeted delivery of snake venom toxin-based anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict C Offor
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa
| | - Lizelle A Piater
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa
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The secretory phenotypes of envenomed cells: Insights into venom cytotoxicity. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 133:193-230. [PMID: 36707202 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Snake envenomation is listed as Category A Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD) by World Health Organization, indicates a severe public health problem. The global figures for envenomation cases are estimated to be more than 1.8 million annually. Even if the affected victims survive the envenomation, they might suffer from permanent morbidity due to local envenomation. One of the most prominent local envenomation is dermonecrosis. Dermonecrosis is a pathophysiological outcome of envenomation that often causes disability in the victims due to surgical amputations, deformities, contracture, and chronic ulceration. The key venom toxins associated with this local symptom are mainly attributed to substantial levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic toxins as well as their possible synergistic actions. Despite so, the severity of the local tissue damage is based on macroscopic observation of the bite areas. Furthermore, limited knowledge is known about the key biomarkers involved in the pathogenesis of dermonecrosis. The current immunotherapy with antivenom is also ineffective against dermonecrosis. These local effects eventually end up as sequelae. There is also a global shortage of toxins-targeted therapeutics attributed to inadequate knowledge of the actual molecular mechanisms of cytotoxicity. This chapter discusses the characterization of secretory phenotypes of dermonecrosis as an advanced tool to indicate its severity and pathogenesis in envenomation. Altogether, the secretory phenotypes of envenomed cells and tissues represent the precise characteristics of dermonecrosis caused by venom toxins.
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Joglekar AV, Dehari D, Anjum MM, Dulla N, Chaudhuri A, Singh S, Agrawal AK. Therapeutic potential of venom peptides: insights in the nanoparticle-mediated venom formulations. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-022-00415-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Venoms are the secretions produced by animals, generally for the purpose of self-defense or catching a prey. Biochemically venoms are mainly composed of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, ions, etc., and classified into three major classes, viz. neurotoxic, hemotoxic and cytotoxic based upon their mode of action. Venoms are composed of different specific peptides/toxins which are responsible for their unique biological actions. Though venoms are generally seen as a source of death, scientifically venom is a complex biochemical substance having a specific pharmacologic action which can be used as agents to diagnose and cure a variety of diseases in humans.
Main body
Many of these venoms have been used since centuries, and their specified therapies can also be found in ancient texts such as Charka Samhita. The modern-day example of such venom therapeutic is captopril, an antihypertensive drug developed from venom of Bothrops jararaca. Nanotechnology is a modern-day science of building materials on a nanoscale with advantages like target specificity, increased therapeutic response and diminished side effects. In the present review we have introduced the venom, sources and related constituents in brief, by highlighting the therapeutic potential of venom peptides and focusing more on the nanoformulations-based approaches. This review is an effort to compile all such report to have an idea about the future direction about the nanoplatforms which should be focused to have more clinically relevant formulations for difficult to treat diseases.
Conclusion
Venom peptides which are fatal in nature if used cautiously and effectively can save life. Several research findings suggested that many of the fatal diseases can be effectively treated with venom peptides. Nanotechnology has emerged as novel strategy in diagnosis, treatment and mitigation of diseases in more effective ways. A variety of nanoformulation approaches have been explored to enhance the therapeutic efficacy and reduce the toxicity and targeted delivery of the venom peptide conjugated with it. We concluded that venom peptides along with nanoparticles can evolve as the new era for potential treatments of ongoing and untreatable diseases.
Graphical Abstract
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Xiong Y, He Q, Yu X, Li B, Song Z. The anti-ovarian carcinoma activity of L-amino acid oxidase from Crotalus adamanteus venom in vivo and in vitro. Med Oncol 2022; 39:112. [PMID: 35666342 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01729-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Snake venom L-Amino-acid oxidase (svLAAO) has become a critical research target in molecular biology and medical science since its widespread presence and diverse biological roles, including antitumor application. Our research confirmed that Crotalus adamanteus (C. adamanteus) venom LAAO exhibited potential anti-ovarian cancer activity both in vivo and in vitro. C. adamanteus venom LAAO significantly reduced viability of ovarian cancer cells and caused morphological changes that preceded cell death. The results of molecular biology experiments showed that C. adamanteus venom LAAO caused expression changes of genes related to apoptotic pathways either intrinsically or extrinsically in ovarian cancer cells. Animal experiments and histological analysis also proved that C. adamanteus venom LAAO could effectively inhibit the tissue damage caused by ovarian cancer, and animals treated with C. adamanteus venom LAAO showed higher survival time. Catalase blocked the major apoptosis induction of C. adamanteus venom LAAO on ovarian cancer cells, suggesting that the cytotoxicity of C. adamanteus venom LAAO on ovarian cancer cells was mainly mediated by H2O2. These results infer that C. adamanteus venom LAAO will have some advantages in new drug research and antitumor drug development in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xiong
- College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Qiyi He
- College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Xiaodong Yu
- College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Bo Li
- School of Education, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
| | - Ziwei Song
- Chongqing Vocational College of Media, Chongqing, 400020, China
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8
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Rosini E, Pollegioni L. Reactive oxygen species as a double-edged sword: The role of oxidative enzymes in antitumor therapy. Biofactors 2022; 48:384-399. [PMID: 34608689 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A number of approaches have been developed over the years to manage cancer, such as chemotherapy using low-molecular-mass molecules and radiotherapy. Here, enzymes can also find useful applications. Among them, oxidases have attracted attention because of their ability to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS, especially hydrogen peroxide) in tumors and potentially modulate the production of this cytotoxic compound when enzymes active on substrates present in low amounts are used, such as the d-amino acid oxidase and d-amino acid couple system. These treatments have been also developed for additional cancer treatment approaches, such as phototherapy, nutrient starvation, and metal-induced hydroxyl radical production. In addition, to improve tumor specificity and decrease undesired side effects, oxidases have been targeted by means of nanotechnologies and protein engineering (i.e., by designing chimeric proteins able to accumulate in the tumor). The most recent advances obtained by using six different oxidases (i.e., the FAD-containing enzymes glucose oxidase, d- and l-amino acid oxidases, cholesterol oxidase and xanthine oxidase, and the copper-containing amine oxidase) have been reported. Anticancer therapy based on oxidase-based ROS production has now reached maturity and can be applied in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rosini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Loredano Pollegioni
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Bhat SK, Joshi MB, Vasishta S, Jagadale RN, Biligiri SG, Coronado MA, Arni RK, Satyamoorthy K. P-I metalloproteinases and L-amino acid oxidases from Bothrops species inhibit angiogenesis. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2021; 27:e20200180. [PMID: 34471403 PMCID: PMC8381740 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2020-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Snake venoms are composed of pharmacologically active proteins that are evolutionarily diverse, stable and specific to targets. Hence, venoms have been explored as a source of bioactive molecules in treating numerous diseases. Recent evidences suggest that snake venom proteins may affect the formation of new blood vessels. Excessive angiogenesis has been implicated in several pathologies including tumours, diabetic retinopathy, arthritis, inter alia. In the present study, we have examined the effects of P-I metalloproteinases isolated from Bothrops moojeni (BmMP-1) and Bothrops atrox (BaMP-1) and L-amino acid oxidases (LAAO) isolated from B. moojeni (BmLAAO) and B. atrox (BaLAAO) on biochemical and functional aspects of angiogenesis. METHODS P-I metalloproteinases and LAAO were purified from venom by molecular size exclusion and ion-exchange chromatography and subsequently confirmed using mass spectrometry. The P-I metalloproteinases were characterized by azocaseinolytic, fibrinogenolytic and gelatinase activity and LAAO activity was assessed by enzyme activity on L-amino acids. Influence of these proteins on apoptosis and cell cycle in endothelial cells was analysed by flow cytometry. The angiogenic activity was determined by in vitro 3D spheroid assay, Matrigel tube forming assay, and in vivo agarose plug transformation in mice. RESULTS P-I metalloproteinases exhibited azocaseinolytic activity, cleaved α and partially β chain of fibrinogen, and displayed catalytic activity on gelatin. LAAO showed differential activity on L-amino acids. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that both P-I metalloproteinases and LAAO arrested the cells in G0/G1 phase and further induced both necrosis and apoptosis in endothelial cells. In vitro, P-I metalloproteinases and LAAO exhibited significant anti-angiogenic properties in 3D spheroid and Matrigel models by reducing sprout outgrowth and tube formation. Using agarose plug transplants in mice harbouring P-I metalloproteinases and LAAO we demonstrated a marked disruption of vasculature at the periphery. CONCLUSION Our research suggests that P-I metalloproteinases and LAAO exhibit anti-angiogenic properties in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreesha K. Bhat
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Manjunath B. Joshi
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Sampara Vasishta
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | | | | | - Monika A. Coronado
- Multiuser Center for Biomolecular Innovation, Department of Physics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Raghuvir K. Arni
- Multiuser Center for Biomolecular Innovation, Department of Physics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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Akhtar B, Muhammad F, Sharif A, Anwar MI. Mechanistic insights of snake venom disintegrins in cancer treatment. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 899:174022. [PMID: 33727054 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Snake venoms are a potential source of various enzymatic and non-enzymatic compounds with a defensive role for the host. Various peptides with significant medicinal properties have been isolated and characterized from these venoms. Few of these are FDA approved. They inhibit tumor cells adhesion, migration, angiogenesis and metastasis by inhibiting integrins on transmembrane cellular surfaces. This plays important role in delaying tumor growth, neovascularization and development. Tumor targeting and smaller size make them ideal candidates as novel therapeutic agents for cancer treatment. This review is based on sources of these disintegrins, their targeting modality, classification and underlying anti-cancer potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Faqir Muhammad
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Sharif
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan Anwar
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
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Cytotoxicity of snake venom enzymatic toxins: phospholipase A2 and l-amino acid oxidase. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 48:719-731. [PMID: 32267491 PMCID: PMC7200639 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and l-amino acid oxidase (LAAO) are two major enzymes found in the venoms from most snake species. These enzymes have been structurally and functionally characterised for their pharmacological activities. Both PLA2 and LAAO from different venoms demonstrate considerable cytotoxic effects on cancer cells via induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and suppression of proliferation. These enzymes produce more pronounced cytotoxic effects in cancer cells than normal cells, thus they can be potential sources as chemotherapeutic agents. It is proposed that PLA2 and LAAO contribute to an elevated oxidative stress due to their catalytic actions, for instance, the ability of PLA2 to produce reactive oxygen species during lipolysis and formation of H2O2 from LAAO catalytic activity which consequently lead to cell death. Nonetheless, the cell-death signalling pathways associated with exposure to these enzymatic toxins are not fully elucidated yet. Here in this review, we will discuss the cytotoxic effects of PLA2 and LAAO in relationship to their catalytic mechanisms and the underlying mechanisms of cytotoxic actions.
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12
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Cañas CA, Castaño-Valencia S, Castro-Herrera F, Cañas F, Tobón GJ. Biomedical applications of snake venom: from basic science to autoimmunity and rheumatology. J Transl Autoimmun 2020; 4:100076. [PMID: 33385156 PMCID: PMC7772571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2020.100076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Snake venoms have components with diverse biological actions that are extensively studied to identify elements that may be useful in biomedical sciences. In the field of autoimmunity and rheumatology, various findings useful for the study of diseases and potential drug development have been reported. The study of disintegrins, proteins that block the action of integrins, has been useful for the development of antiplatelet agents and principles for the development of immunosuppressants and antineoplastics. Several proteins in snake venoms act on the coagulation cascade, activating factors that have allowed the development of tests for the study of coagulation, including Russell's viper venom time, which is useful in the diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome. Neurotoxins with either pre- or postsynaptic effects have been used to study neurogenic synapses and neuromuscular plaques and the development of analgesics, muscle relaxants and drugs for neurodegenerative diseases. Various components act by inhibiting cells and proteins of the immune system, which will allow the development of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs. This review summarizes the usefulness of the components of snake venoms in the fields of autoimmunity and rheumatology, which can serve as a basis for diverse translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Cañas
- GIRAT: Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología, Autoimunidad y Medicina Traslacional, Fundación Valle Del Lili and Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia.,Fundación Valle Del Lili, Rheumatology Unit, Cra 98 No. 18 - 49, Cali, 760032, Colombia
| | - Santiago Castaño-Valencia
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, Universidad Del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Fernando Castro-Herrera
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, Universidad Del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Felipe Cañas
- Department of Cardiology, Clínica Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Gabriel J Tobón
- GIRAT: Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología, Autoimunidad y Medicina Traslacional, Fundación Valle Del Lili and Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia.,Fundación Valle Del Lili, Rheumatology Unit, Cra 98 No. 18 - 49, Cali, 760032, Colombia
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Vanuopadath M, Shaji SK, Raveendran D, Nair BG, Nair SS. Delineating the venom toxin arsenal of Malabar pit viper (Trimeresurus malabaricus) from the Western Ghats of India and evaluating its immunological cross-reactivity and in vitro cytotoxicity. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 148:1029-1045. [PMID: 31982532 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The venom protein components of Malabar pit viper (Trimeresurus malabaricus) were identified by combining SDS-PAGE and ion-exchange chromatography pre-fractionation techniques with LC-MS/MS incorporating Novor and PEAKS-assisted de novo sequencing strategies. Total 97 proteins that belong to 16 protein families such as L-amino acid oxidase, metalloprotease, serine protease, phospholipase A2, 5'-nucleotidase, C-type lectins/snaclecs and disintegrin were recognized from the venom of a single exemplar species. Of the 97 proteins, eighteen were identified through de novo approaches. Immunological cross-reactivity assessed through ELISA and western blot indicate that the Indian antivenoms binds less effectively to Malabar pit viper venom components compared to that of Russell's viper venom. The in vitro cell viability assays suggest that compared to the normal cells, MPV venom induces concentration dependent cell death in various cancer cells. Moreover, crude venom resulted in chromatin condensation and apoptotic bodies implying the induction of apoptosis. Taken together, the present study enabled in dissecting the venom proteome of Trimeresurus malabaricus and revealed the immuno-cross-reactivity profiles of commercially available Indian polyvalent antivenoms that, in turn, is expected to provide valuable insights on the need in improving antivenom preparations against its bite.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dileepkumar Raveendran
- Indriyam Biologics Pvt. Ltd., SCTIMST-TIMed, BMT Wing-Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695 012, Kerala, India
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Ozverel CS, Damm M, Hempel BF, Göçmen B, Sroka R, Süssmuth RD, Nalbantsoy A. Investigating the cytotoxic effects of the venom proteome of two species of the Viperidae family (Cerastes cerastes and Cryptelytrops purpureomaculatus) from various habitats. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 220:20-30. [PMID: 30825636 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Animal secretions are of great interest in terms of drug development due to their complex protein and peptide composition. Especially, in the field of therapeutic medications such as anti-cancer drugs snake venoms receive attention. In this study, we address two Viperidae species from various habitats with a particular focus on the cytotoxic potential along with the decomplexation of the venom proteome: the horned desert viper (Cerastes cerastes), native to desert regions of North Africa and the mangrove pit viper (Cryptelytrops purpureomaculatus), found in coastal forests of Southeast Asia. Initial cytotoxic screenings of the crude venoms revealed diverse activity, with the highest effect against SHSY5Y human glioblastoma carcinoma cells compared to other cancerous and non-cancerous cell lines. In-depth cytotoxicity studies of SHSY5Y cells with purified venom fractions revealed heterodimeric disintegrins from C. cerastes venom, which exerted a high cytotoxic activity with IC50 values from 0.11 to 0.58 μM and a disintegrin-like effect on SHSY5Y morphology was observed due to cell detachment. Furthermore, two polyproline BPP-related peptides, one PLA2 and a peptide-rich fraction were determined for C. purpureomaculatus with moderate IC50 values between 3 and 51 μM. Additionally, the decryption of the venom proteomes by snake venomic mass spectrometry and comparison of the same species from different habitats revealed slight differences in the composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cenk Serhan Ozverel
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Maik Damm
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Strasse des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin-Florian Hempel
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Strasse des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Bayram Göçmen
- Zoology Section, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Robert Sroka
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Strasse des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Roderich D Süssmuth
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Strasse des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ayse Nalbantsoy
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey.
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15
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Lewinska A, Bocian A, Petrilla V, Adamczyk-Grochala J, Szymura K, Hendzel W, Kaleniuk E, Hus KK, Petrillova M, Wnuk M. Snake venoms promote stress-induced senescence in human fibroblasts. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:6147-6160. [PMID: 30317566 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Snake venoms are widely studied in terms of their systemic toxicity and proteolytic, hemotoxic, neurotoxic, and cytotoxic activities. However, little is known about snake-venom-mediated effects when used at low, noncytotoxic concentrations. In the current study, two human fibroblast cell lines of different origin, namely WI-38 fetal lung fibroblasts and BJ foreskin fibroblasts were used to investigate snake-venom-induced adaptive response at a relatively noncytotoxic concentration (0.01 µg/ml). The venoms of Indochinese spitting cobra ( Naja siamensis), western green mamba ( Dendroaspis viridis), forest cobra ( Naja melanoleuca), and southern copperhead ( Agkistrodon contortrix) were considered. Snake venoms promoted FOXO3a-mediated oxidative stress response and to a lesser extent DNA damage response, which lead to changes in cell cycle regulators both at messenger RNA and protein levels, limited cell proliferation and migration, and induced cellular senescence. Taken together, we have shown for the first time that selected snake venoms may also exert adverse effects when used at relatively noncytotoxic concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lewinska
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Bocian
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Vladimir Petrilla
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Kosice, Slovak Republic.,Zoological Department, Zoological Garden Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Jagoda Adamczyk-Grochala
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Karolina Szymura
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Hendzel
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Edyta Kaleniuk
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Konrad K Hus
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Monika Petrillova
- Department of General Education Subjects, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Maciej Wnuk
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
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16
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Rodrigues CR, Teixeira-Ferreira A, Vargas FFR, Guerra-Duarte C, Costal-Oliveira F, Stransky S, Lopes-de-Souza L, Dutra AAA, Yarlequé A, Bonilla C, Sanchez EF, Perales J, Chávez-Olórtegui C. Proteomic profile, biological activities and antigenic analysis of the venom from Bothriopsis bilineata smaragdina ("loro machaco"), a pitviper snake from Peru. J Proteomics 2018; 187:171-181. [PMID: 30048773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In order to determine Bothriopsis bilineata smaragdina venom (BbsV) composition, proteomic approaches were performed. Venom components were analyzed by RP-HPLC, SDS- PAGE and nano LC on line with LTQ Orbitrap XL. Results showed a total of 189 identified proteins, grouped into 11 different subgroups, which include snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs, 54.67%), snake C-type lectins (Snaclecs, 15.78%), snake venom serine proteinases (SVSPs, 14.69%), cystein-rich secretory proteins (CRISP, 2.61%), phospholipases A2 (PLA2, 1.14%), phosphodiesterase (PDE, 1.17%), venom endothelial growth factor (VEGF, 1.06%) 5'nucleotidases (0.33%), L-amino acid oxidases (LAAOs, 0.28%) and other proteins. In vitro enzymatic activities (SVMP, SVSP, LAAO, Hyal and PLA2) of BbsV were also analyzed. BbsV showed high SVSP activity but low PLA2 activity, when compared to other Bothrops venoms. In vivo, BbsV induced hemorrhage and edema in mice and showed intraperitoneal median lethal dose (LD50) of 92.74 (± 0.15) μg/20 g of mice. Furthermore, BbsV reduced cell viability when incubated with VERO cells. Peruvian and Brazilian bothropic antivenoms recognize BbsV proteins, as detected by ELISA and Western Blotting. Both antivenoms were able to neutralize in vivo edema and hemorrhage. SIGNIFICANCE In Peru, snakebite is a public health problem, especially in the rain forest, as a result of progressive colonization of this geographical area. This country is the second in Latin America, after Brazil, to exhibit the largest variety of venomous snakes. B. atrox and B. b. smaragdina snakes are sympatric species in Peruvian Amazon region and are responsible for approximately 95% of the envenomings reported in this region. B. b. smaragdina may cause a smaller share (3 to 38%) of those accidents, due to its arboreal habits, that make human encounters with these snakes less likely to happen. Despite B. b. smaragdina recognized medical importance, its venom composition and biological activities have been poorly studied. Furthermore, BbsV is not a component of the antigenic pool used to produce the corresponding Peruvian bothropic antivenom (P-BAV). Our results not only provide new insights on BbsV composition and biological activity, but also demonstrate that both P-BAV and B-BAV polyvalent antivenoms have a considerable recognition of proteins from BbsV and, more importantly, neutralized hemorrhage and edema, the main local effects of bothropic envenomation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Rego Rodrigues
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - André Teixeira-Ferreira
- Laboratório de Toxinologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Clara Guerra-Duarte
- Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, 30510-010, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Costal-Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Stephanie Stransky
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Letícia Lopes-de-Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Alexandre Augusto Assis Dutra
- Faculdade de Medicina do Mucuri, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 39803-371, Teófilo Otoni, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | | | | | - Eladio Flores Sanchez
- Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, 30510-010, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jonas Perales
- Laboratório de Toxinologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Chávez-Olórtegui
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
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17
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Moga MA, Dimienescu OG, Arvătescu CA, Ifteni P, Pleş L. Anticancer Activity of Toxins from Bee and Snake Venom-An Overview on Ovarian Cancer. Molecules 2018; 23:E692. [PMID: 29562696 PMCID: PMC6017821 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer represents the disease of the millennium, a major problem in public health. The proliferation of tumor cells, angiogenesis, and the relationship between the cancer cells and the components of the extracellular matrix are important in the events of carcinogenesis, and these pathways are being used as targets for new anticancer treatments. Various venoms and their toxins have shown possible anticancer effects on human cancer cell lines, providing new perspectives in drug development. In this review, we observed the effects of natural toxins from bee and snake venom and the mechanisms through which they can inhibit the growth and proliferation of cancer cells. We also researched how several types of natural molecules from venom can sensitize ovarian cancer cells to conventional chemotherapy, with many toxins being helpful for developing new anticancer drugs. This approach could improve the efficiency of standard therapies and could allow the administration of decreased doses of chemotherapy. Natural toxins from bee and snake venom could become potential candidates for the future treatment of different types of cancer. It is important to continue these studies concerning therapeutic drugs from natural resource and, more importantly, to investigate their mechanism of action on cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Alexandru Moga
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov 500019, Romania.
| | - Oana Gabriela Dimienescu
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov 500019, Romania.
| | - Cristian Andrei Arvătescu
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov 500019, Romania.
| | - Petru Ifteni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov 500019, Romania.
| | - Liana Pleş
- Clinical Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 020021, Romania.
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18
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Allane D, Oussedik-Oumehdi H, Harrat Z, Seve M, Laraba-Djebari F. Isolation and characterization of an anti-leishmanial disintegrin fromCerastes cerastesvenom. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2017; 32. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dihia Allane
- USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology; Bab Ezzouar Algiers 16111 Algeria
| | - Habiba Oussedik-Oumehdi
- USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology; Bab Ezzouar Algiers 16111 Algeria
| | - Zoubir Harrat
- Institut Pasteur d'Algérie; Service d'Eco-Epidémiologie Parasitaire; Dely Ibrahim Algiers 16 047 Algeria
| | - Michel Seve
- CHU Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie; Promethee Proteomic Platform; Grenoble France
| | - Fatima Laraba-Djebari
- USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology; Bab Ezzouar Algiers 16111 Algeria
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan M. Akef
- National Organization for Research and Control of Biologicals (NORCB), Giza, Egypt
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20
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Al-Asmari AK, Riyasdeen A, Al-Shahrani MH, Islam M. Snake venom causes apoptosis by increasing the reactive oxygen species in colorectal and breast cancer cell lines. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:6485-6498. [PMID: 27799796 PMCID: PMC5079696 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s115055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Snake venom possesses various kinds of proteins and neurotoxic polypeptides, which can negatively interfere with the neurotransmitter signaling cascade. This phenomenon occurs mainly due to the blocking of ion channels in the body system. Envenomation prevents or severely interrupts nerve impulses from being transmitted, inhibition of adenosine triphosphate synthesis, and proper functioning of the cardiac muscles. However, some beneficial properties of venoms have also been reported. The aim of this study was to examine the snake venom as an anticancer agent due to its inhibitory effects on cancer progression such as cell motility, cell invasion, and colony formation. In this study, the effect of venoms on phenotypic changes and the change on molecular level in colorectal and breast cancer cell lines were examined. A reduction of 60%–90% in cell motility, colony formation, and cell invasion was observed when these cell lines were treated with different concentrations of snake venom. In addition, the increase in oxidative stress that results in an increase in the number of apoptotic cancer cells was significantly higher in the venom-treated cell lines. Further analysis showed that there was a decrease in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and signaling proteins, strongly suggesting a promising role for snake venom against breast and colorectal cancer cell progression. In conclusion, the snake venoms used in this study showed significant anticancer properties against colorectal and breast cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohammad Hamed Al-Shahrani
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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21
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Partial in vitro analysis of toxic and antigenic activities of eleven Peruvian pitviper snake venoms. Toxicon 2015; 108:84-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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22
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Vyas VK, Brahmbhatt K, Bhatt H, Parmar U. Therapeutic potential of snake venom in cancer therapy: current perspectives. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015; 3:156-62. [PMID: 23593597 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(13)60042-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many active secretions produced by animals have been employed in the development of new drugs to treat diseases such as hypertension and cancer. Snake venom toxins contributed significantly to the treatment of many medical conditions. There are many published studies describing and elucidating the anti-cancer potential of snake venom. Cancer therapy is one of the main areas for the use of protein peptides and enzymes originating from animals of different species. Some of these proteins or peptides and enzymes from snake venom when isolated and evaluated may bind specifically to cancer cell membranes, affecting the migration and proliferation of these cells. Some of substances found in the snake venom present a great potential as anti-tumor agent. In this review, we presented the main results of recent years of research involving the active compounds of snake venom that have anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar Vyas
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmadabad 382 481 Gujarat, India
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23
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Hanane-Fadila ZM, Fatima LD. Purification, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity ofl-amino Acid Oxidase fromCerastes cerastes. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2014; 28:347-54. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziad-Meziane Hanane-Fadila
- USTHB, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences; BP 32, El-Alia; Bab Ezzouar, 16111; Algiers Algeria
| | - Laraba-Djebari Fatima
- USTHB, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences; BP 32, El-Alia; Bab Ezzouar, 16111; Algiers Algeria
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24
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Izidoro LFM, Sobrinho JC, Mendes MM, Costa TR, Grabner AN, Rodrigues VM, da Silva SL, Zanchi FB, Zuliani JP, Fernandes CFC, Calderon LA, Stábeli RG, Soares AM. Snake venom L-amino acid oxidases: trends in pharmacology and biochemistry. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:196754. [PMID: 24738050 PMCID: PMC3971498 DOI: 10.1155/2014/196754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
L-amino acid oxidases are enzymes found in several organisms, including venoms of snakes, where they contribute to the toxicity of ophidian envenomation. Their toxicity is primarily due to enzymatic activity, but other mechanisms have been proposed recently which require further investigation. L-amino acid oxidases exert biological and pharmacological effects, including actions on platelet aggregation and the induction of apoptosis, hemorrhage, and cytotoxicity. These proteins present a high biotechnological potential for the development of antimicrobial, antitumor, and antiprotozoan agents. This review provides an overview of the biochemical properties and pharmacological effects of snake venom L-amino acid oxidases, their structure/activity relationship, and supposed mechanisms of action described so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Fernando M. Izidoro
- Faculdade de Ciências Integradas do Pontal e Departamento de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Juliana C. Sobrinho
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, (CEBio), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rondônia e Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR), Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Mirian M. Mendes
- Faculdade de Ciências Integradas do Pontal e Departamento de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Tássia R. Costa
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Amy N. Grabner
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, (CEBio), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rondônia e Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR), Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Veridiana M. Rodrigues
- Faculdade de Ciências Integradas do Pontal e Departamento de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Saulo L. da Silva
- Departamento de Química, Biotecnologia e Engenharia de Bioprocessos, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei (UFSJ), Campus Altoparaopeba, Ouro Branco, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernando B. Zanchi
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, (CEBio), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rondônia e Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR), Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Juliana P. Zuliani
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, (CEBio), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rondônia e Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR), Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Carla F. C. Fernandes
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, (CEBio), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rondônia e Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR), Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Leonardo A. Calderon
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, (CEBio), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rondônia e Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR), Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo G. Stábeli
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, (CEBio), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rondônia e Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR), Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Andreimar M. Soares
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, (CEBio), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rondônia e Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR), Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
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25
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Calderon LA, Sobrinho JC, Zaqueo KD, de Moura AA, Grabner AN, Mazzi MV, Marcussi S, Nomizo A, Fernandes CFC, Zuliani JP, Carvalho BMA, da Silva SL, Stábeli RG, Soares AM. Antitumoral activity of snake venom proteins: new trends in cancer therapy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:203639. [PMID: 24683541 PMCID: PMC3943284 DOI: 10.1155/2014/203639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
For more than half a century, cytotoxic agents have been investigated as a possible treatment for cancer. Research on animal venoms has revealed their high toxicity on tissues and cell cultures, both normal and tumoral. Snake venoms show the highest cytotoxic potential, since ophidian accidents cause a large amount of tissue damage, suggesting a promising utilization of these venoms or their components as antitumoral agents. Over the last few years, we have studied the effects of snake venoms and their isolated enzymes on tumor cell cultures. Some in vivo assays showed antineoplastic activity against induced tumors in mice. In human beings, both the crude venom and isolated enzymes revealed antitumor activities in preliminary assays, with measurable clinical responses in the advanced treatment phase. These enzymes include metalloproteases (MP), disintegrins, L-amino acid oxidases (LAAOs), C-type lectins, and phospholipases A2 (PLA2s). Their mechanisms of action include direct toxic action (PLA2s), free radical generation (LAAOs), apoptosis induction (PLA2s, MP, and LAAOs), and antiangiogenesis (disintegrins and lectins). Higher cytotoxic and cytostatic activities upon tumor cells than normal cells suggest the possibility for clinical applications. Further studies should be conducted to ensure the efficacy and safety of different snake venom compounds for cancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo A. Calderon
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rondônia e Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Juliana C. Sobrinho
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rondônia e Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Kayena D. Zaqueo
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rondônia e Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Andrea A. de Moura
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rondônia e Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Amy N. Grabner
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rondônia e Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Maurício V. Mazzi
- Fundação Hermínio Ometto, UNIARARAS, Núcleo de Ciências da Saúde-NUCISA, 13607-339 Araras, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvana Marcussi
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Lavras, UFLA, 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Auro Nomizo
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla F. C. Fernandes
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rondônia e Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Juliana P. Zuliani
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rondônia e Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Bruna M. A. Carvalho
- Departamento de Química, Biotecnologia e Engenharia de Bioprocessos, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, UFSJ, Campus Alto paraopeba, Ouro Branco, MG, Brazil
| | - Saulo L. da Silva
- Departamento de Química, Biotecnologia e Engenharia de Bioprocessos, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, UFSJ, Campus Alto paraopeba, Ouro Branco, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo G. Stábeli
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rondônia e Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Andreimar M. Soares
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rondônia e Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
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Burin SM, Ayres LR, Neves RP, Ambrósio L, de Morais FR, Dias-Baruffi M, Sampaio SV, Pereira-Crott LS, de Castro FA. L-Amino Acid Oxidase Isolated fromBothrops pirajaiInduces Apoptosis in BCR-ABL-Positive Cells and Potentiates Imatinib Mesylate Effect. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2013; 113:103-12. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M. Burin
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analysis; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo, USP; Ribeirão Preto; SP; Brazil
| | - Lorena R. Ayres
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analysis; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo, USP; Ribeirão Preto; SP; Brazil
| | - Renata P. Neves
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analysis; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo, USP; Ribeirão Preto; SP; Brazil
| | - Luciana Ambrósio
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analysis; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo, USP; Ribeirão Preto; SP; Brazil
| | - Fabiana R. de Morais
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analysis; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo, USP; Ribeirão Preto; SP; Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dias-Baruffi
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analysis; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo, USP; Ribeirão Preto; SP; Brazil
| | - Suely V. Sampaio
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analysis; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo, USP; Ribeirão Preto; SP; Brazil
| | - Luciana S. Pereira-Crott
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analysis; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo, USP; Ribeirão Preto; SP; Brazil
| | - Fabíola A. de Castro
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analysis; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo, USP; Ribeirão Preto; SP; Brazil
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27
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Tashima AK, Zelanis A, Kitano ES, Ianzer D, Melo RL, Rioli V, Sant'anna SS, Schenberg ACG, Camargo ACM, Serrano SMT. Peptidomics of three Bothrops snake venoms: insights into the molecular diversification of proteomes and peptidomes. Mol Cell Proteomics 2012; 11:1245-62. [PMID: 22869554 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m112.019331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Snake venom proteomes/peptidomes are highly complex and maintenance of their integrity within the gland lumen is crucial for the expression of toxin activities. There has been considerable progress in the field of venom proteomics, however, peptidomics does not progress as fast, because of the lack of comprehensive venom sequence databases for analysis of MS data. Therefore, in many cases venom peptides have to be sequenced manually by MS/MS analysis or Edman degradation. This is critical for rare snake species, as is the case of Bothrops cotiara (BC) and B. fonsecai (BF), which are regarded as near threatened with extinction. In this study we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the venom peptidomes of BC, BF, and B. jararaca (BJ) using a combination of solid-phase extraction and reversed-phase HPLC to fractionate the peptides, followed by nano-liquid chromatography-tandem MS (LC-MS/MS) or direct infusion electrospray ionization-(ESI)-MS/MS or MALDI-MS/MS analyses. We detected marked differences in the venom peptidomes and identified peptides ranging from 7 to 39 residues in length by de novo sequencing. Forty-four unique sequences were manually identified, out of which 30 are new peptides, including 17 bradykinin-potentiating peptides, three poly-histidine-poly-glycine peptides and interestingly, 10 L-amino acid oxidase fragments. Some of the new bradykinin-potentiating peptides display significant bradykinin potentiating activity. Automated database search revealed fragments from several toxins in the peptidomes, mainly from l-amino acid oxidase, and allowed the determination of the peptide bond specificity of proteinases and amino acid occurrences for the P4-P4' sites. We also demonstrate that the venom lyophilization/resolubilization process greatly increases the complexity of the peptidome because of the imbalance caused to the venom proteome and the consequent activity of proteinases on venom components. The use of proteinase inhibitors clearly showed different outcomes in the peptidome characterization and suggested that degradomic-peptidomic analysis of snake venoms is highly sensitive to the conditions of sampling procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre K Tashima
- Laboratório Especial de Toxinologia Aplicada, CAT-cepid, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
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28
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Guo C, Liu S, Yao Y, Zhang Q, Sun MZ. Past decade study of snake venom L-amino acid oxidase. Toxicon 2012; 60:302-11. [PMID: 22579637 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
As one of the major protein (enzyme) components of snake venom (SV), L-amino acid oxidase (LAAO) plays an important role in the toxicities and biological activities for SV. Accumulated researches in the past decade gradually revealed that SV-LAAOs induce platelet aggregation, cell apoptosis and cytotoxicity, and have anti-microbial, anti-leishmaniasis, anti-tumor and anti-HIV activity. Except for the enzymatic and structural characteristics of SV-LAAOs, the biological functions of SV-LAAOs and relevant action mechanisms are also summarized and discussed in the review. This work might provide useful inputs for future studies on SV-LAAOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Guo
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
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29
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Lukasheva E, Efremova A, Treshalina E, Arinbasarova A, Medentzev A, Berezov T. L-amino acid oxidases: properties and molecular mechanisms of action. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 58:372-84. [DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20125804372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
During previous decade L-amino acid oxidases (LAAO) attracted the steady interest of researchers due to their poly functional effects on different biological systems. The review summarizes information concerning the sources, structure, phisico-chemical and catalytical properties of LAAO which exhibit antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antiviral effects as well as the ambiguous action on platelet aggregation. Special attention is devoted to the elucidation of molecular mechanisms of LAAO action. It is proposed that the unique properties of LAAO are based on their catalytic reaction, which causes the decrease of L-amino acid levels, including the essential amino acids and formation of hydrogen peroxide. The action of liberated H2O2 on cells involves the synthesis of oxygen reactive species and the development of necrotic and apoptotic pathways of cell death. The presence of carbohydrate moieties in LAAO molecules promotes their attachment to cell's surface and creation of high H2O2 local concentrations. The wide range of LAAO biological effects is undoubtedly connected with their important functional roles in the organism. In particular, it was shown that in the mice brain the LAAO-catalyzed reaction is the single pathway of L-lysine degradation, while in the mice milk LAAO carry out the antibacterial effect and in human leucocytes LAAO take part in fulfilling their defending role. Protector action may be also attributed to the oxidases from the other numerous sources: microscopic fungi, snake venoms and sea inhabitants.
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Affiliation(s)
- E.V. Lukasheva
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Russian Peoples’ Friendship University
| | - A.A. Efremova
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Russian Peoples’ Friendship University
| | - E.M. Treshalina
- N. N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center,Russian Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - A.Ju. Arinbasarova
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - A.G. Medentzev
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - T.T. Berezov
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Russian Peoples’ Friendship University
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30
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Lukasheva EV, Efremova AA, Treshalina EM, Arinbasarova AY, Medentzev AG, Berezov TT. L-Amino acid oxidases: Properties and molecular mechanisms of action. BIOCHEMISTRY MOSCOW-SUPPLEMENT SERIES B-BIOMEDICAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s199075081104007x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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El Hakim AE, Gamal-Eldeen AM, Shahein YE, Mansour NM, Wahby AF, Abouelella AMK. Purification and characterization of a cytotoxic neurotoxin-like protein from Naja haje haje venom that induces mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Arch Toxicol 2011; 85:941-52. [PMID: 21240479 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-010-0631-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study reported the purification and characterization of a cytotoxic, neurotoxin-like protein derived from the venom of the Egyptian cobra Naja haje haje, Elapidae family, and explored their mechanistic role in the cell death. The protein purification was performed through ion-exchange chromatography and gel-filtration chromatography and was characterized by SDS-PAGE, amino acid sequencing, and mass spectrum analysis. The antitumor activity of Naja haje venom (NHV) and its fractions (NHVI, NHV-Ia, NHV-Ib, NHV-Ic, NHV-II, NHV-III, and NHV-IV) were tested against different human cancer cell lines. The molecular cascade of cell death was explored through evaluation of apoptosis/necrosis ratio, DNA fragmentation, histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Δψ(m)), cytochrome c release, total caspases, caspase-3, caspase-9, and cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry. Most of the separated fractions possessed variable cytotoxic effect against different cancer cells. The most potent antitumor fraction was NHV-Ic due to its ability to induce DNA damaging and fragmentation that was associated with a significant induction of apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway and disturbed cell cycle phases as well as an inhibition of HDAC activity. NHV-Ic induced the mitochondrial pathway initially by the impairment of Δψ(m) besides the DNA damage and in response to that the mitochondria-released cytochrome c that may in turn activated total caspases, caspase-3 and caspase-9 in lymphoblastic leukemia 1301 cells. The partial amino acid sequencing of NHV-Ic revealed 100, 95.65, and 91.3% homology with the Long neurotoxin 1 from Naja haje anchietae (Angolan cobra), Naja haje haje (Egyptian cobra), and Boulengerina annulata annulata (banded water cobra), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr E El Hakim
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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32
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Georgieva D, Murakami M, Perband M, Arni R, Betzel C. The structure of a nativel-amino acid oxidase, the major component of the Vipera ammodytes ammodytes venomic, reveals dynamic active site and quaternary structure stabilization by divalent ions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 7:379-84. [DOI: 10.1039/c0mb00101e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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“Anatomical” View of the Protein Composition and Protein Characteristics for Gloydius shedaoensis Snake Venom via Proteomics Approach. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2010; 294:273-82. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.21322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 11/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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34
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Deolindo P, Teixeira-Ferreira AS, DaMatta RA, Alves EW. L-amino acid oxidase activity present in fractions of Bothrops jararaca venom is responsible for the induction of programmed cell death in Trypanosoma cruzi. Toxicon 2010; 56:944-55. [PMID: 20615423 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2010.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2009] [Revised: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bothrops jararaca venom induces programmed cell death in epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi. Here we fractionated the venom and observed that the anti-T. cruzi activity was associated with fractions that present L-amino acid oxidase (L-AAO) activity. L-AAO produces H(2)O(2), which is highly toxic. The addition of catalase to the medium, a H(2)O(2) scavenger, reverted the killing capacity of venom fractions. The anti-T. cruzi activity was also abolished when parasites were cultured in a medium without hydrophobic amino acids that are essential for L-AAO activity. These results were confirmed with a commercial purified L-AAO. Treatment for 24 h with fractions that present L-AAO activity induced parasites cytoplasmic retraction, mitochondrial swelling and DNA fragmentation, all morphological characteristics of programmed cell death. Similar changes were also observed when parasites were treated with H(2)O(2). These results indicate that H(2)O(2), the product of L-AAO reaction, induces programmed cell death explaining the anti-T. cruzi activity of B. jararaca venom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poliana Deolindo
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, 28013-600 Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
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35
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Sun MZ, Guo C, Tian Y, Chen D, Greenaway FT, Liu S. Biochemical, functional and structural characterization of Akbu-LAAO: a novel snake venom L-amino acid oxidase from Agkistrodon blomhoffii ussurensis. Biochimie 2010; 92:343-9. [PMID: 20100538 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2010.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 01/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
An L-amino acid oxidase (Akbu-LAAO) was isolated from the venom of Agkistrodon blomhoffii ussurensis snake using DEAE Sephadex A-50 ion-exchange, Sephadex G-75 gel filtration, and high performance liquid chromatographies. The homogeneity and molecular mass of Akbu-LAAO were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF spectrometry. The sequences of ten peptides from Akbu-LAAO were established by HPLC-nESI-MS/MS analysis. Protein sequence alignment indicated that i) that Akbu-LAAO is a new snake venom LAAO, and ii) Akbu-LAAO shares homology with several LAAOs from the venoms of Calloselasma rhodost, Agkistrodon halys, Daboia russellii siamensis, and Trimeresurus stejnegeri. Akbu-LAAO is a homodimer with a molecular mass of approximately 124.4 kDa. It reacts optimally with its enzymatic substrate, Leu, at pH 4.7 with a K(m) of 2.1 mM. ICP-AES measurements showed that Akbu-LAAO contains four Zn(2+) per dimer that are unessential for the hydrolytic activity of the enzyme. The emission fluorescence intensity of Akbu-LAAO decreases by 61% on removal of Zn(2+) indicating that the zinc probably helps maintain the structural integrity of the enzyme. The addition of exogenous metal ions, including Mg(2+), Mn(2+), Ca(2+), Ce(3+), Nd(3+), Co(2+) and Tb(3+), increases the l-Leu hydrolytic activity of the enzyme. Akbu-LAAO shows apparent anti-aggregation effects on human and rabbit platelets. It exhibits a strong bacteriostasis effect on Staphylococcus aureus, eighteen fold that of cephalosporin C under the same conditions. Taken together, the biochemical, proteomic, structural and functional characterizations reveal that Akbu-LAAO is a novel LAAO with promise for biotechnological and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhong Sun
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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