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Diep E, Schiffman JD. Ethanol-free Cross-Linking of Alginate Nanofibers Enables Controlled Release into a Simulated Gastrointestinal Tract Model. Biomacromolecules 2023. [PMID: 37183416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The use of alginate nanofibers in certain biomedical applications, including targeted delivery to the gut, is limited because an ethanol-free, biocompatible cross-linking method has not been demonstrated. Here, we developed water-stable, alginate-based nanofibers by systematically exploring post-electrospinning cross-linking approaches that used calcium ions dissolved in (1) a glycerol/water cosolvent system and (2) acidic, neutral, or basic aqueous solutions. Scanning electron microscopy proved that the fibers cross-linked in a glycerol cosolvent or pH-optimized solutions had maintained the same morphology as the ethanol-based literature control. Notably, cross-linked fibers were generally smaller in diameter than the as-spun fibers due to both chemical interactions and mass loss during cross-linking, which was supported by mass measurements, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. During stability tests wherein the cross-linked fibers were exposed to three aqueous solutions, the cross-linked fibers were stable in water and acid buffer yet swelled in phosphate buffer saline, making them useful scaffolds for pH-controlled release applications. Proof-of-concept release experiments were conducted using a simulated gastrointestinal tract model. As desired, the cargo remained encapsulated within the cross-linked nanofibers when exposed to an acidic solution that modeled the stomach. Upon exposure to a solution that mimicked the intestines, the cargo was released. We suggest that these cross-linked, alginate-based nanofiber mats hold the potential to be broadly used in biomedical and environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Diep
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9303, United States
| | - Jessica D Schiffman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9303, United States
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de Godoi RS, Garcia ALH, Borges MS, George HK, Ferraz ADBF, Corrêa DS, da Silva FR, da Silva J. Protective effect of Hovenia dulcis Thunb. leaf extracts against ethanol-induced DNA damage in SH-SY5Y cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 304:116042. [PMID: 36529249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hovenia dulcis Thunb. has been used as a medicinal herb for the treatment of hepatic diseases and alcohol intoxication. AIM OF THE STUDY The genotoxic effect and the antigenotoxic potential of ethanolic extract of H. dulcis leaves and its methanolic fraction were evaluated against ethanol-induced damages in SH-SY5Y cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of H. dulcis extracts were also assessed. In addition, a systems biology analysis was performed to investigate the molecular pathway of action of the H. dulcis leaves compounds. RESULTS The ethanolic extract and its methanolic fraction presented genotoxicity through comet assay at 0.5 and 0.25 mg/mL. On the other hand, both extracts showed protective action against ethanol at all concentrations. Additionally, an NBT assay was performed and demonstrated an ability of the extracts to reduce superoxide anion formation when SH-SY5Y cells were challenged with ethanol. HPLC analysis indicated the presence of quercitrin, isoquercitrin, and rutin. Further, system biology assays indicated a molecular action pathway, where the compounds from the leaves of H. dulcis, in addition to performing free radical scavenging activity, activate PP2A, and may inhibit the apoptosis pathway activated by ethanol-induced oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS This work is important to indicate potential antigenotoxic and antioxidant properties of H. dulcis leaves, and its use can be investigated against DNA damage induced by ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Souza de Godoi
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Av. Farroupilha, 8001, 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Letícia Hilario Garcia
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Av. Farroupilha, 8001, 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Health and Human Development (PPGSDH), La Salle University (UniLaSalle), Av. Victor Barreto, 2288, 92010-000, Canoas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Malu Siqueira Borges
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Av. Farroupilha, 8001, 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Hellen Kaiane George
- Product and Development Research Center, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Dione Silva Corrêa
- Product and Development Research Center, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Rabaioli da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Health and Human Development (PPGSDH), La Salle University (UniLaSalle), Av. Victor Barreto, 2288, 92010-000, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Av. Farroupilha, 8001, 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Health and Human Development (PPGSDH), La Salle University (UniLaSalle), Av. Victor Barreto, 2288, 92010-000, Canoas, RS, Brazil.
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3
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Christensen NM, Ringholm S, Buch BT, Gudiksen A, Halling JF, Pilegaard H. Muscle PGC-1α modulates hepatic mitophagy regulation during aging. Exp Gerontol 2023; 172:112046. [PMID: 36521568 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.112046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aging has been suggested to be associated with changes in oxidative capacity, autophagy, and mitophagy in the liver, but a simultaneous evaluation of these key cellular processes is lacking. Moreover, skeletal muscle transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator (PGC)-1α has been reported to mediate inter-organ signaling through myokines with regulatory effects in the liver, but the potential role of muscle PGC-1α on hepatic changes with age remains to be resolved. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate 1) the effect of aging on mitochondrial autophagy and mitophagy capacity in mouse liver and 2) whether muscle PGC-1α is required for maintaining autophagy and mitophagy capacity in the liver during aging. The liver was obtained from young (Young) and aged (Aged) inducible muscle-specific PGC-1α knockout (iMKO) and floxed littermate control mice (Lox). Aging increased liver p62, Parkin and BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein (BNIP)3 protein with no effect of muscle specific PGC-1α knockout, while liver Microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3(LC3) II/I was unchanged with age, but tended to be lower in iMKO mice than in controls. Markers of liver mitochondrial oxidative capacity and oxidative stress were unchanged with age and iMKO. However, Parkin protein levels in isolated liver mitochondria were 2-fold higher in Aged iMKO mice than in Aged controls. In conclusion, aging had no effect on oxidative capacity and lipid peroxidation in the liver. However, aging was associated with increased levels of autophagy and mitophagy markers. Moreover, muscle PGC-1α appears to regulate hepatic mitochondrial translocation of Parkin in aged mice, suggesting that the metabolic capacity of skeletal muscle can modulate mitophagy regulation in the liver during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Masselkhi Christensen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine Ringholm
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bjørg Thiellesen Buch
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Gudiksen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Frey Halling
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henriette Pilegaard
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Duan X, Wang X, Xie Y, Yu P, Zhuang T, Zhang Y, Fang L, Ping Y, Liu W, Tao Z. High concentrations of hypochlorous acid-based disinfectant in the environment reduced the load of SARS-CoV-2 in nucleic acid amplification testing. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:1411-1418. [PMID: 34142386 PMCID: PMC8426966 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
During the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, chlorine-containing disinfectants have been widely used in nucleic acid amplification testing laboratories. Whether the use of disinfectants affect the results of viral nucleic acid amplification is unknown. We examined the impact of different hypochlorous acid (HOCl) concentrations on the quantitative results of SARS-CoV-2 by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We also explored the mechanisms and models of action of chlorine-containing disinfectants that affected the detection of SARS-CoV-2. The results showed that different HOCl concentrations and different action times had an impact on the SARS-CoV-2 results. High concentrations of ambient HOCl have a greater impact than low concentrations, and this effect will increase with the extension of the action time and with the increase in ambient humidity. Compared with the enzymes or the extracted RNA required for RT-PCR, the impact of HOCl on the SARS-CoV-2 detection is more likely to be caused by damage to primers and probes in the PCR system. The false negative result still existed after changing the ambient disinfectant to ethanol but not peracetic acid. The use of HOCl in the environment will have an unpredictable impact on the nucleic acid test results of SARS-CoV-2. In order to reduce the possibility of false negative of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test and prevent the spread of epidemic disease, environmental disinfectants should be used at the beginning and end of the experiment rather than during the experimental operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhi Duan
- Department of Laboratory MedicineThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouP. R. China
| | - Xuchu Wang
- Department of Laboratory MedicineThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouP. R. China
| | - Yiyi Xie
- Department of Laboratory MedicineThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouP. R. China
| | - Pan Yu
- Department of Laboratory MedicineThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouP. R. China
| | - Tingting Zhuang
- Department of Laboratory MedicineThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouP. R. China
| | - Yingzhi Zhang
- Department of Laboratory MedicineThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouP. R. China
| | - Liuyu Fang
- Department of Laboratory MedicineThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouP. R. China
| | - Ying Ping
- Department of Laboratory MedicineThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouP. R. China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Department of Laboratory MedicineThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouP. R. China
| | - Zhihua Tao
- Department of Laboratory MedicineThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouP. R. China
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Ethanol potentiates the genotoxicity of the food-derived mammary carcinogen PhIP in human estrogen receptor-positive mammary cells: mechanistic support for lifestyle factors (cooked red meat and ethanol) associated with mammary cancer. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:1639-1655. [PMID: 29362861 PMCID: PMC5882637 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2160-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of cooked/processed meat and ethanol are lifestyle risk factors in the aetiology of breast cancer. Cooking meat generates heterocyclic amines such as 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP). Epidemiology, mechanistic and animal studies indicate that PhIP is a mammary carcinogen that could be causally linked to breast cancer incidence; PhIP is DNA damaging, mutagenic and oestrogenic. PhIP toxicity involves cytochrome P450 (CYP1 family)-mediated metabolic activation to DNA-damaging species, and transcriptional responses through Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and estrogen-receptor-α (ER-α). Ethanol consumption is a modifiable lifestyle factor strongly associated with breast cancer risk. Ethanol toxicity involves alcohol dehydrogenase metabolism to reactive acetaldehyde, and is also a substrate for CYP2E1, which when uncoupled generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage. Here, using human mammary cells that differ in estrogen-receptor status, we explore genotoxicity of PhIP and ethanol and mechanisms behind this toxicity. Treatment with PhIP (10-7-10-4 M) significantly induced genotoxicity (micronuclei formation) preferentially in ER-α positive human mammary cell lines (MCF-7, ER-α+) compared to MDA-MB-231 (ER-α-) cells. PhIP-induced CYP1A2 in both cell lines but CYP1B1 was selectively induced in ER-α(+) cells. ER-α inhibition in MCF-7 cells attenuated PhIP-mediated micronuclei formation and CYP1B1 induction. PhIP-induced CYP2E1 and ROS via ER-α-STAT-3 pathway, but only in ER-α (+) MCF-7 cells. Importantly, simultaneous treatments of physiological concentrations ethanol (10-3-10-1 M) with PhIP (10-7-10-4 M) increased oxidative stress and genotoxicity in MCF-7 cells, compared to the individual chemicals. Collectively, these data offer a mechanistic basis for the increased risk of breast cancer associated with dietary cooked meat and ethanol lifestyle choices.
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Hepatoprotective effect of apple polyphenols against concanavalin A-induced immunological liver injury in mice. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 258:159-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Eid N, Ito Y, Otsuki Y. Triggering of Parkin Mitochondrial Translocation in Mitophagy: Implications for Liver Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:100. [PMID: 27199746 PMCID: PMC4850158 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence based on in vitro studies indicates that mitophagy (selective autophagic clearance of damaged mitochondria) is a prosurvival mechanism associated with cellular exposure to various mitochondrial stressors. Very recently, a limited number of publications on animal-based models of alcoholic fatty liver diseases have reported that Parkin-mediated mitophagy may mitigate hepatocyte apoptosis, improve mitochondrial quality and suppress steatosis (lipid accumulation). From this perspective, the authors focus on the mechanisms of Parkin mitochondrial translocation (a key consideration in mitophagy activation) and therapeutic implications of mitophagy in liver disease. DNA repair and other functions of Parkin beyond mitophagy are also briefly discussed. The paper additionally shows original data from the authors' current research indicating enhanced hepatic mitophagy in ethanol-treated rats, which is associated with Parkin mitochondrial translocation triggered by oxidative mitochondrial DNA damage. Natural or pharmaceutical products that may trigger Parkin mitochondrial translocation in hepatocytes and/or suppress repressors of such translocation could be a potential therapeutic target in alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Eid
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Life Sciences, Osaka Medical College Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuko Ito
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Life Sciences, Osaka Medical College Osaka, Japan
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Budzyński J, Ziółkowski M, Kłopocka M, Czarnecki D. Oxidoreductive homeostasis in alcohol-dependent male patients and the risk of alcohol drinking relapse in a 6-month follow-up. Alcohol 2016; 50:57-64. [PMID: 26792629 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Disturbances in the central signaling of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to energy intake are recognized as taking part in appetitive and consummative phases of eating disorders. This study aimed to verify the hypothesis that blood oxidoreductive balance can also affect demand for energy substances, such as alcoholic beverages in alcohol-dependent individuals, as well as the severity of their alcohol dependence and risk of drinking relapse. The following values were determined in the blood of 54 alcohol-dependent male patients after alcohol withdrawal, again after 4 weeks and after 6 months: the aldehyde products of lipid peroxidation (malonyl dialdehyde [MDA] and 4-hydroxynonenal [4-HNE]), nitric oxide (NO) metabolites, total antioxidant status (TAS), the blood activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSHpx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GSHred), blood glucose, and lipids. Alcoholics who relapsed during 6 months of observation (n = 31, 57%) compared with patients who maintained alcohol abstinence for 6 months (n = 23, 43%) differed only in relation to initial and final NO metabolite serum concentrations. The risk of alcohol drinking relapse was lower in patients with an above-median initial blood concentration of NO metabolites and TAS. The oxidative stress parameters correlated with alcohol-dependence severity markers. No significant correlations between the studied antioxidant balance parameters and markers of nutritional status, including blood glucose and lipids, were found. Although the results of our study have some limitations and require further investigation, they suggest the role of oxidoreductive balance in the pathomechanisms of alcohol dependence and drinking relapse. In addition, due to a lack of association found between blood oxidative stress parameters and BMI, blood glucose, and lipid concentrations, they show the presence of disturbances in systemic ROS signaling in response to energy availability in alcoholics after alcohol withdrawal.
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Colla LM, Dal'Magro C, De Rossi A, Thomé A, Reinehr CO, Bertolin TE, Costa JAV. Potential of Live Spirulina platensis on Biosorption of Hexavalent Chromium and Its Conversion to Trivalent Chromium. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2015; 17:861-868. [PMID: 25436450 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2014.964846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Microalga biomass has been described worldwide according their capacity to realize biosorption of toxic metals. Chromium is one of the most toxic metals that could contaminate superficial and underground water. Considering the importance of Spirulina biomass in production of supplements for humans and for animal feed we assessed the biosorption of hexavalent chromium by living Spirulina platensis and its capacity to convert hexavalent chromium to trivalent chromium, less toxic, through its metabolism during growth. The active biomass was grown in Zarrouk medium diluted to 50% with distilled water, keeping the experiments under controlled conditions of aeration, temperature of 30°C and lighting of 1,800 lux. Hexavalent chromium was added using a potassium dichromate solution in fed-batch mode with the aim of evaluate the effect of several additions contaminant in the kinetic parameters of the culture. Cell growth was affected by the presence of chromium added at the beginning of cultures, and the best growth rates were obtained at lower metal concentrations in the medium. The biomass removed until 65.2% of hexavalent chromium added to the media, being 90.4% converted into trivalent chromium in the media and 9.6% retained in the biomass as trivalent chromium (0.931 mg.g(-1)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciane Maria Colla
- a University of Passo Fundo, Graduate Program in Civil and Environmental Engineering , Bairro São José , Passo Fundo/RS , Brazil
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Huang MC, Chen CC, Pan CH, Chen CH. Comparison of Oxidative DNA Damage Between Alcohol-Dependent Patients With and Without Delirium Tremens. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2014; 38:2523-8. [DOI: 10.1111/acer.12539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chyi Huang
- Department of Psychiatry; School of Medicine; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry; Taipei City Psychiatric Center; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Chicy Chen
- Department of Psychiatry; School of Medicine; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Pan
- Department of Psychiatry; Taipei City Psychiatric Center; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Psychology; National Chengchi University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsin Chen
- Department of Psychiatry; School of Medicine; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry; Taipei Medical University-Wan-Fang Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
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Evaluation of mutagenic and genotoxic activities of lobeline and its modulation on genomic instability induced by ethanol. Life Sci 2014; 103:73-8. [PMID: 24727238 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM Lobeline is a natural alkaloid derived from Lobelia inflata that has been investigated as a clinical candidate for the treatment of alcoholism. In a pre-clinical trial, lobeline decreased the preference for and consumption of ethanol, due to the modulation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. However, the interaction between lobeline and ethanol is poorly known and thus there are safety concerns. The present study was conducted to evaluate the mutagenic and genotoxic effects of lobeline and assess its modulation of ethanol-induced toxicological effects. MAIN METHODS CF-1 male mice were divided into five groups. Groups received an intraperitoneal injection of saline solution, lobeline (5 or 10mg/kg), ethanol (2.5 g/kg), or lobeline plus ethanol, once a day for three consecutive days. Genotoxicity was evaluated in peripheral blood using the alkaline comet assay. The mutagenicity was evaluated using both Salmonella/microsome assay in TA1535, TA97a, TA98, TA100, and TA102 Salmonella typhimurium strains and the micronucleus test in bone marrow. Possible liver and kidney injuries were evaluated using biochemical analysis. KEY FINDINGS Lobeline did not show genotoxic or mutagenic effects and did not increase the ethanol-induced genotoxic effects in blood. Lobeline also protected blood cells against oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide. Biochemical parameters were not altered, indicating no liver or kidney injuries or alterations in lipid and carbohydrate metabolisms. SIGNIFICANCE These findings suggest that lobeline does not induce gene or chromosomal mutations, and that this lack of genetic toxicity is maintained in the presence of ethanol, providing further evidence of the safety of this drug to treat alcohol dependence.
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WU CF, YANG JY, WANG F, WANG XX. Resveratrol: botanical origin, pharmacological activity and applications. Chin J Nat Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(13)60001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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De Oliveira NCD, Sarmento MS, Nunes EA, Porto CM, Rosa DP, Bona SR, Rodrigues G, Marroni NP, Pereira P, Picada JN, Ferraz ABF, Thiesen FV, Da Silva J. Rosmarinic acid as a protective agent against genotoxicity of ethanol in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:1208-14. [PMID: 22306517 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to study the protective effects of rosmarinic acid against ethanol-induced DNA damage in mice. The antigenotoxic capacity of rosmarinic acid (100 mg/kg) was tested using pre-, co- and post-treatment with ethanol (5 g/kg). Peripheral blood (1 and 24 h) and brain cells (24 h) were evaluated using the comet assay and bone marrow was analyzed using the micronucleus assay (24 h). The results were compared to data of TBARS, enzymes with antioxidant activity, and DCFH-DA test. Peripheral blood and brain cells show that mean damage index (DI) and damage frequency (DF) values of ethanol with pre-treatment with rosmarinic acid group were significantly lower than in the ethanol group. In brain cells all different treatments with ethanol and rosmarinic acid showed significant decrease in DI and DF mean values when compared to ethanol group and negative control. No significant differences were observed in micronucleus frequency, activity of antioxidant enzymes and TBARS between groups. The DCFH-DA test show a reduction of 18% of fluorescence intensity when compare with ethanol group. The results show that rosmarinic acid could decrease the levels of DNA damage induced by ethanol, for both tissues and treatment periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nânci C D De Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Toxicologia Aplicada, Universidade Luterana do Brasil - ULBRA, Canoas, RS, Brazil
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Magro CD, Deon MC, De Rossi A, Reinehr CO, Hemkemeier M, Colla LM. Chromium (VI) biosorption and removal of chemical oxygen demand by Spirulina platensis from wastewater-supplemented culture medium. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2012; 47:1818-1824. [PMID: 22755529 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2012.689539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The inappropriate discharge of wastewater containing high concentrations of toxic metals is a serious threat to the environment. Given that the microalga Spirulina platensis has demonstrated a capacity for chromium VI (Cr (VI) biosorption, we assessed the ideal concentration of chromium-containing wastewater required for maximum removal of Cr (VI) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from the environment by using this microalga. The Paracas and Leb-52 strains of S. platensis, with initial wastewater concentrations of 0%, 12.5%, 25%, and 50%, were cultured in Zarrouk medium diluted to 50% under controlled air, temperature, and lighting conditions. The cultures were maintained for 28 days, and pH, biomass growth, COD, and Cr (VI) were assessed. The wastewater concentration influenced microalgal growth, especially at high concentrations. Removal of 82.19% COD and 60.92% Cr (VI) was obtained, but the COD removal was greater than the Cr (VI) removal in both strains of S. platensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinei D Magro
- Laboratory of Fermentations, Course of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering and Architecture, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Joo JC, Park JH, Kim RY, Jeon KI, Lee HJ, Seo BY, Park E. Effects of puffer (Sphoeroides rubripes) supplementation on disruption of antioxidant defense systems in ethanol-treated rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2011; 57:80-6. [PMID: 21512295 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.57.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of puffer (Sphoeroides rubripes) supplementation on antioxidant metabolism in ethanol-treated rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups of 7 rats each and fed (1) an AIN-93G diet (NC), (2) 25% ethanol (E), (3) 25% ethanol and an AIN-93G diet containing 1% puffer flesh (E+F), or (4) 25% ethanol and an AIN-93G diet containing 1% puffer skin (E+S) for 5 wk. At the end of the experimental period, the rats were sacrificed and their blood and organs were collected. To evaluate the effect of puffer supplementation, lipid-soluble antioxidant vitamin and conjugated diene (CD) levels, DNA damage, and mRNA expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were assessed. Animals that were fed ethanol showed reduced plasma levels of lipid-soluble antioxidant vitamin and significantly increased levels of lipid peroxides, DNA damage, and HO-1 expression. Dietary supplementation with puffer conferred an antioxidant effect by significantly increasing the levels of γ-tocopherol, a lipid-soluble antioxidant vitamin, and by significantly decreasing the plasma levels of CD, DNA damage, and HO-1 expression. These results suggest that consumption of puffer improves the antioxidant status of ethanol-treated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Chan Joo
- Department of Hotel Culinary and Bakery, Chang-shin College, Changwon, Gyeongnam, Korea
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Chen CH, Pan CH, Chen CC, Huang MC. Increased Oxidative DNA Damage in Patients With Alcohol Dependence and Its Correlation With Alcohol Withdrawal Severity. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2010; 35:338-44. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01349.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Leffa DD, Damiani AP, da Silva J, Zocche JJ, dos Santos CEI, Boufleur LA, Dias JF, de Andrade VM. Evaluation of the genotoxic potential of the mineral coal tailings through the Helix aspersa (Müller, 1774). ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2010; 59:614-621. [PMID: 20372882 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-010-9512-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Coal mining is an activity with a high potential for environmental pollution. Coal has been described as the most significant pollutant of all the fossil fuels, containing a heterogeneous mixture. Many elements present in coal byproducts as well as coal tailings are rich in potentially toxic and genotoxic metals, which ultimately lead to profound changes in cells, tissues, populations, and ecosystems. The purpose of this study was to assess the genotoxic potential of the mineral coal tailings using the land snail Helix aspersa. Animals were divided in three groups, clustered in plexiglass cages: control (animals fed with organic lettuce), coal tailings (animals living in a layer of pyrite tailings and fed with organic lettuce), and mine lettuce (animals fed with lettuce grown in an area located in a deposit of coal tailings). The hemolymph was collected at different exposure times (24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 96 h, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, and 1 month) for comet assay analyses. Results showed that the animals of the coal tailings and mine lettuce groups presented higher levels of DNA damage in relation to the control group at all exposure times, but with a peak of DNA damage in 48 h and 96 h. These results demonstrate that the coal pyrite tailings are potentially genotoxic and that H. aspersa has proven to be a sensitive instrument for a better risk assessment of environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Dimer Leffa
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Mutagênese, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária 1105, Bairro Universitário, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
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Menk M, von Haefen C, Funke-Kaiser H, Sifringer M, Schefe JH, Kirsch S, Seidel K, Reinemund J, Steckelings UM, Unger T, Spies CD. Ethanol-induced downregulation of the angiotensin AT2 receptor in murine fibroblasts is mediated by PARP-1. Alcohol 2010; 44:495-506. [PMID: 20693103 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2010.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2009] [Revised: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 05/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms accompanying ethanol-induced cytotoxicity remain to be defined. The renin-angiotensin system with its respective receptors, the angiotensin AT1 and AT2 receptor (AT1R and AT2R), has been implicated in these processes. The AT2R seems to counteract the pro-inflammatory, pro-hypertrophic, and pro-fibrotic actions of the AT1R and is involved in cellular differentiation and tissue repair. Recently, we identified poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) as a novel negative transcriptional regulator of the AT2R. However, the complex interactions between ethanol, PARP-1, and the AT2R are largely unknown. In this in vitro study, we aimed to clarify whether acute ethanol treatment modifies AT2R promoter activity or AT2R mRNA and protein levels and whether PARP-1 is involved in ethanol-mediated regulation of the AT2R. Murine fibroblasts of the R3T3 and MEF line (murine embryonic fibroblasts) were exposed to ethanol for 24h. AT2R promoter activity, mRNA and protein levels were analyzed with and without PARP-1 inhibition and in PARP-1 knockout MEF cells. Expression of PARP-1 was analyzed over course of time, and cell viability and DNA fragmentation were measured on single-cell level by flow cytometry. Ethanol exposition induced substantial downregulation of the AT2R on promoter, mRNA and protein levels in a dose-dependent manner. Pharmacological inhibition or ablation of PARP-1 completely abolished this effect. Ethanol treatment did not have any effect on AT1R mRNA and protein levels in MEF cells. Further, acute ethanol treatment promoted DNA fragmentation and caused transcriptional induction of PARP-1. Our findings reveal that PARP-1 is an upstream transcriptional regulator of the AT2 receptor in the context of ethanol exposure and represses the AT2R gene in fibroblasts in vitro. Variations in expression of the potentially tissue-protective AT2R might contribute to ethanol-mediated pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Menk
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum/Campus Charité Mitte, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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Wang BJ, Wang Q, Zhang ZQ. Relationship between chromosome damage in lymphocytes and oxidative stress in patients with alcoholic liver disease. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2010; 18:388-391. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v18.i4.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the relationship between chromosome damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes and oxidative stress in patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD).
METHODS: Thirty-one ALD patients (experimental group) and 22 healthy volunteers (control group) were included in the study. Chromosome damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes was detected by cytokinesis-block micronucleus test. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) content was determined by the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was measured by the xanthine oxidase method.
RESULTS: The content of plasma MDA was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (5.88 μmol/L ± 2.62 μmol/L vs 2.89 μmol/L ± 1.33 μmol/L, P < 0.01), while the activity of SOD was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group (49.28 kU/L ± 6.03 kU/L vs 57.35 kU/L ± 4.96 kU/L, P < 0.01). A negative correlation was noted between the content of plasma MDA and SOD activity (r = -0.454, P < 0.05) in both groups. The rate of micronucleus formation was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (P < 0.01). A positive correlation between the content of MDA and the rate of micronucleus formation (r = 0.493, P < 0.01), and a negative correlation between SOD activity and the rate of micronucleus formation were found in the experimental group (r = -0.422, P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Oxidative stress plays an important role in chromosome damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with alcoholic liver disease, suggesting that oxidative stress is one of the mechanisms causing chromosome damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes in these patients.
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