1
|
Hall M, Lappenbusch LM, Wiegmann E, Rubel JA. To Use or Not to Use: Exploring Therapists' Experiences with Pre-Treatment EMA-Based Personalized Feedback in the TheraNet Project. ADMINISTRATION AND POLICY IN MENTAL HEALTH AND MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH 2024:10.1007/s10488-023-01333-3. [PMID: 38261117 DOI: 10.1007/s10488-023-01333-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using idiographic network models in psychotherapy has been a growing area of interest. However, little is known about the perceived clinical utility of network models. The present study aims to explore therapists' experiences with network model-based feedback within the context of the TheraNet Project. METHODS In total, 18 therapists who had received network-based feedback for at least 1 patient at least 2 months prior were invited to retrospective focus groups. The focus group questions related to how participation in the study influenced the therapeutic relationship, how the networks were used, and what might improve their clinical utility. The transcribed focus groups were analyzed descriptively using qualitative content analysis. RESULTS Most therapists mentioned using the feedback to support their existingtheir case concept, while fewer therapists discussed the feedback directly with the patients. Several barriers to using the feedback were discussed, as well as various suggestions for how to make it more clinically useful. Many therapists reported skepticism with regards to research in the outpatient training center in general, though they were also all pleasantly surprised by being involved, having their opinions heard, and showing a readiness to adapt research to their needs/abilities. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the gap between researchers' and therapists' perceptions about what useful feedback should look like. The TheraNet therapists' interest in adapting the feedback and building more informative feedback systems signals a general openness to the implementation of clinically relevant research. We provide suggestions for future implementations of network-based feedback systems in the outpatient clinical training center setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mila Hall
- Department for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy (Adults), Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany.
| | | | - Emily Wiegmann
- Department of Psychology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Julian A Rubel
- Department for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy (Adults), Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Campoli J, Cummings JA. "Becoming a Person Who Does Self-Care": How Health Care Trainees Naturalistically Develop Successful Self-Care Practices. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL EDUCATION AND CURRICULAR DEVELOPMENT 2024; 11:23821205231223321. [PMID: 38234585 PMCID: PMC10793186 DOI: 10.1177/23821205231223321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Self-care is an ethical imperative for health professionals as it can mitigate the adverse effects of stress on professional functioning and health. Yet, there tends to be a lack of self-care among healthcare trainees and an insufficient focus on self-care in medical education. The objective of this study was to develop a grounded theory of how health trainees become successful self-care users. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 students in a variety of healthcare disciplines. Data were analyzed using grounded theory methodology. RESULTS Health trainees underwent 4 iterative phases to become successful at self-care: Having a Wake-Up Call, Building Skills, Gaining Confidence, and Building an Identity. Our model also explained why some trainees were unsuccessful at developing self-care practices. CONCLUSION We offer the first theory to explain how health trainees develop effective self-care habits. Understanding how self-care practices naturalistically develop has critical implications for developing interventions and curricula: By basing curricula about self-care on knowledge of what works, we have an opportunity to be more successful as educators. Indeed, other researchers have noted a lack of success in self-care and anti-burnout interventions for healthcare professionals. We conclude by discussing implications and recommendations for medical training and curriculum for health professions, including augmenting naturally occurring processes, linking self-care to personalized values, providing opportunities for deliberate practice, focusing on persistence with self-care, and faculty promotion and acceptance of trainee self-care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Campoli
- Department of Psychology & Health Studies, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Jorden A Cummings
- Department of Psychology & Health Studies, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bailey A, Tickle A, Sabin-Farrell R. 'Isn't it mad that we're all psychologists and we can't talk about our feelings?': A mixed-methods study exploring trainee clinical psychologists' experience of (non)disclosure of psychological distress during training. Clin Psychol Psychother 2023. [PMID: 38124337 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Literature on trainee clinical psychologists' mental health has highlighted elevated levels of mental health difficulties and/or psychological distress and low levels of disclosure within the workplace. The current study aimed to explore (1) trainee experiences of disclosure and/or concealment of psychological distress during their training, (2) beliefs, assumptions or predictions related to disclosure and (3) responses to disclosure. METHODS A mixed-methods strategy was employed; 165 trainee or recently qualified clinical psychologists took part in an online survey. Thirteen of these were interviewed. Descriptive statistics and a reflexive thematic analysis were conducted to analyse the quantitative and qualitative data, respectively. RESULTS The sample largely consisted of those who had disclosed distress. Beliefs related to negative judgement from others and feelings of anxiety and embarrassment were commonly endorsed responses within quantitative findings. Six main themes were constructed: (1) Diagnostic or psychological conceptualisations, (2) Worries about judgement complicate disclosure decisions, (3) Disclosure likelihood is determined by relationships, (4) Emotional support versus practical responses, (5) Desired changes that could increase disclosure and (6) Legacies of disclosure experiences. CONCLUSION There is a need for training programme staff to prioritise emotional support, increase permission giving and enhance disclosure guidance. Further research including disclosure recipients is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aliya Bailey
- Trent Doctorate in Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Derbyshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Derbyshire, UK
| | - Anna Tickle
- Trent Doctorate in Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Rachel Sabin-Farrell
- Trent Doctorate in Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Velasco J, Sanmartín FJ, Gálvez-Lara M, Cuadrado F, Moriana JA. Psychological Effects of Professional Exposure to Trauma and Human Suffering: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:1656-1676. [PMID: 35202557 DOI: 10.1177/15248380221074314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, a growing interest has emerged toward understanding the impact that the exposure to human suffering produces in mental health professionals, leading to the identification of three constructs: vicarious traumatization (VT), compassion fatigue (CF), and secondary trauma (ST). However, little is known about how these conditions affect psychologists. A systematic review and a meta-analysis were conducted to examine the evidence about the effects of occupational exposure to trauma and suffering in studies that included psychologists among their samples. Fifty-two studies were included comprising 10,233 participants. Overall, the results showed that most professionals did not experience relevant distress due to their work, yet some of them developed clinically significant symptoms (i.e., PTSD). However, solid conclusions could not be drawn due to the numerous methodological difficulties found in this research field (i.e., group heterogeneity, lack of comparison groups, and conceptual overlap). Thus, it is necessary to further investigate this topic with scientific rigor to understand these stressors and develop evidence-based interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Velasco
- Department of Psychology, University of Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Spain
| | | | - Mario Gálvez-Lara
- Department of Psychology, University of Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Spain
| | - Fátima Cuadrado
- Department of Psychology, University of Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Spain
| | - Juan A Moriana
- Department of Psychology, University of Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Garner EV, Golijani-Moghaddam N, Sabin-Farrell R. Psychological flexibility as a predictor of professional quality of life in newly qualified psychological therapy practitioners. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
|
6
|
Giovannetti AM, Messmer Uccelli M, Solari A, Pakenham KI. Evaluation of a program for training psychologists in an acceptance and commitment therapy resilience intervention for people with multiple sclerosis: a single-arm longitudinal design with a nested qualitative study. Disabil Rehabil 2022; 44:6926-6938. [PMID: 35100924 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2022.2025926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This single-arm longitudinal study evaluated the effectiveness of a program for training psychologists in delivering an acceptance and commitment therapy-based program (REsilience and Activities for every DaY; READY) for people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). MATERIALS AND METHODS The training encompassed three phases: (1) training workshop; (2) READY participation; (3) READY delivery to PwMS. Self-report data were collected immediately before the workshop, before and after participation in READY, and at 3- and 15-month follow-ups. RESULTS Forty psychologists successfully completed the training. The training was effective in fostering the acquisition of knowledge and skills for effective delivery of READY to PwMS. Participants improved over the course of training in resilience, positive affect, wellbeing, psychological flexibility, and associated processes. These improvements peaked during the participation in READY phase and continued to accrue at a slower rate three months later. Psychological flexibility mediated the improvements in resilience, positive affect, and wellbeing. Qualitative data confirmed the personal, professional, and multiple sclerosis (MS) psychologist community level positive training impacts. CONCLUSIONS The training fostered positive professional and personal development in trainees and consolidated the integration of READY into a frontline service for PwMS. To date, more than 50 READY groups for PwMS have been conducted in Italy.Implications for rehabilitationTraining psychologists in delivering an acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)-based resilience intervention for people with multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with positive personal and professional impacts for the trainees.The training program strengthened the sense of community among members of the professional network who attended as trainees.In ACT training, psychological flexibility plays a key role in improving resilience, positive affect, and wellbeing in trainees, and is therefore an important intervention target.ACT training for practitioners fosters the integration of ACT-based interventions into frontline services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ambra Mara Giovannetti
- Unit of Neuroepidemiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.,School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia.,Unit of Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Solari
- Unit of Neuroepidemiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Kenneth I Pakenham
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Renault R, Laurin J, Khoury B, Spinelli C. The mediating role of basic psychological needs satisfaction in the relationship between trait mindfulness and psychological distress in clinical trainees. COUNSELLING PSYCHOLOGY QUARTERLY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09515070.2022.2121684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Renault
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julie Laurin
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bassam Khoury
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christina Spinelli
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Choińska AM, Bajer W, Żurek A, Gieysztor E. The Effect of Contact with a Horse on Positive and Negative Emotions of Polish Physiotherapy Students Within 6 Years from the First Time Hippotherapy Session. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:1385-1396. [PMID: 35844829 PMCID: PMC9281609 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s332046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Activities with horses cause many emotional reactions in their recipients, the measurement and analysis of which can provide information about positive or negative attitudes toward hippotherapy activities. The purpose of the study was to explore how horse contact affects the emotions of female and male students experiencing horseback riding during a three-day hippotherapy session. Material and Methods The study included 252 physiotherapy students from the Medical University of Wrocław who participated in hippotherapy classes during a three-day didactic and scientific course implemented in the years 2014–2019. The Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE) and the Sanoquell automatic 766 pulse measuring device were used for the study. The SPANE took place at the beginning (study I) and at the end (study II) of the camp. Pulse was measured daily before and after hippotherapy (6 times). Results Analysis of variance proved the existence of statistically significant difference between the intensity of positive feelings (SPANE-P, p=0.000) and negative feelings (SPANE-N, p=0.000) and in the outcome of overall satisfaction/happiness balance (SPANE-B, p=0.000) in I and II study in the group of women. No such difference was noted for the men. The pulse in women measured on the third day was statistically significantly higher than in men (p=0.0345). Conclusion Hippotherapy classes bring physiotherapy students an increase in positive feelings and a decrease in negative feelings. Personal experience seems to be the best way to understand and consciously use hippotherapy as a therapeutic method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Choińska
- Department of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
- SKN15 Child and Adolescent Developmental Disorders, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Weronika Bajer
- Department of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Alina Żurek
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Gieysztor
- Department of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
- SKN15 Child and Adolescent Developmental Disorders, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: Ewa Gieysztor, Department of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw Medical University, Ul. Grunwaldzka 2, Wrocław, 50-355, Poland, Email
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Paiva-Salisbury ML, Schwanz KA. Building Compassion Fatigue Resilience: Awareness, Prevention, and Intervention for Pre-Professionals and Current Practitioners. JOURNAL OF HEALTH SERVICE PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 48:39-46. [PMID: 35136862 PMCID: PMC8812061 DOI: 10.1007/s42843-022-00054-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Compassion fatigue (CF), or the extreme stress and burnout from helping others, is widely considered to be harmful to professional well-being. Due to a lack of awareness and education around CF in healthcare professionals, mental health clinicians may feel particularly unsure about how to treat these common symptoms. There is considerable symptom overlap between CF and several other presentations, including posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, insomnias, and substance abuse disorders. Evidenced-based assessments designed to measure symptoms of CF are discussed, as well as screening measures for overlapping presentations. Treating fellow clinicians and pre-professionals comes with unique ethical considerations, most notably privacy concerns that may impact professional development. The culture of training programs does not adequately prepare pre-professionals for psychological well-being. As psychologists, it is our ethical responsibility to advocate for changes in graduate education and at our training sites. By utilizing evidenced-based strategies, such as acceptance and commitment therapy, we can assist professionals and pre-professionals in building resilience as they navigate a career in the helping professions.
Collapse
|
10
|
Stress, resilience and coping in psychological wellbeing practitioner trainees: a mixed-methods study. COGNITIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPIST 2022. [DOI: 10.1017/s1754470x22000356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this study, a convergent parallel mixed-methods design was used to explore stress, resilience and coping in psychological wellbeing practitioner (PWP) trainees (n = 90) at the beginning of their training. Psychometric tests were used to measure levels of self-reported stress, resilience and dispositional coping styles. Open-text survey data regarding the perceived sources of stress at the beginning of training were also qualitatively analysed using thematic analysis (TA). Results indicated that in the early weeks of their training, trainees reported lower levels of resilience and higher levels of stress than those found in the general population. Statistically significant negative correlations were found between stress and resilience, and between stress and the coping styles ‘Planning’, and ‘Active Coping’. Statistically significant positive correlations were found between stress and the coping styles of ‘Denial’ and ‘Focus on and Venting of Emotions’. The qualitative findings provided a context within which to understand these quantitative results. The three themes ‘I can find the unknown quite unsettling’, ‘I question my competences’ and ‘Learning, consolidating and putting it all into practice’ were generated through the qualitative analysis. These themes were connected by an over-arching theme which suggests that the perceived responsibility of the role is an important source of stress for PWP trainees. Implications for future research and the training of PWPs are discussed.
Key learning aims
(1)
To establish the levels and perceived sources of stress in trainee PWPs at the beginning of their training.
(2)
To identify relationships between stress and resilience, and between stress and styles of coping at the beginning of training.
(3)
To use a mixed-methods approach to provide a comprehensive account of stress at the outset of training.
Collapse
|
11
|
Quinlan E, Deane FP, Schilder S, Read E. Confidence in case formulation and pluralism as predictors of psychologists’ tolerance of uncertainty. COUNSELLING PSYCHOLOGY QUARTERLY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09515070.2021.1997918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elly Quinlan
- Discipline of Psychology, Australian College of Applied Psychology, Sydney, Australia
| | - Frank P. Deane
- Illawarra Institute for Mental Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Suzanne Schilder
- Discipline of Psychology, Australian College of Applied Psychology, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ellen Read
- Discipline of Psychology, Australian College of Applied Psychology, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Vos J, Chryssafidou E, Rijn B, Stiles WB. Outcomes of beginning trainee therapists in an outpatient community clinic. COUNSELLING & PSYCHOTHERAPY RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/capr.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - William B. Stiles
- Metanoia Institute London UK
- Miami University Oxford OH USA
- Appalachian State University Boone NC USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Turner K, Moses J, Neal A. 'I think it does just opens it up and … you're not hiding it anymore': Trainee clinical psychologists' experiences of self-disclosing mental health difficulties. Clin Psychol Psychother 2021; 29:733-743. [PMID: 34486785 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Self-disclosure of experiences of mental health difficulties is a complex process, particularly within the workplace. Research shows that a significant number of trainee clinical psychologists have lived experience of mental health difficulties and thus face the dilemma of whether to disclose and how to manage self-disclosure during doctoral training. Grounded theory methodology was used to explore trainee experiences of self-disclosure of mental health difficulties during training. Twelve trainee clinical psychologists from accredited doctoral programmes in the United Kingdom participated in semi-structured interviews about their experiences of disclosure. Six core categories emerged relating to 'motivations', 'enablers', 'barriers', 'features of disclosure', 'responses' and 'impact', each of which were comprised of several further sub-categories. The model that emerged is largely consistent with research on disclosure in healthcare professions and has implications for training programmes, supervisors and trainees when engaging in conversations about lived experience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kellie Turner
- Adult Weight Management Service, Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, St Cadoc's Hospital, Newport, UK.,South Wales Doctoral Programme in Clinical Psychology, Cardiff University; Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jenny Moses
- South Wales Doctoral Programme in Clinical Psychology, Cardiff University; Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - Adrian Neal
- Employee Wellbeing Service, Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, Newport, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Quinlan E, Deane FP. A longitudinal study of trainee psychologists’ tolerance of uncertainty, state anxiety and confidence in case formulation. AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00050067.2021.1965855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elly Quinlan
- Discipline of Psychological Sciences, Australian College of Applied Psychology, Sydney, Australia
| | - Frank P. Deane
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Stress and burnout in Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) trainees: a systematic review. COGNITIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPIST 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/s1754470x21000179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
For more than a decade, Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) has been training a new workforce of psychological therapists. Despite evidence of stress and burnout both in trainee mental health professionals, and qualified IAPT clinicians, little is known about these topics in IAPT trainees. Consequently, this systematic review sought to establish the current state of the literature regarding stress and burnout in IAPT trainees. Electronic databases were searched to identify all published and available unpublished work relating to the topic. On the basis of pre-established eligibility criteria, eight studies (including six unpublished doctoral theses) were identified and assessed for quality. This review identifies that research into the experience of IAPT trainees is under-developed. Existing evidence tentatively suggests that IAPT trainees may experience levels of stress and burnout that are higher than their qualified peers and among the higher end of healthcare professionals more generally. The experience of fulfilling dual roles as mental health professionals and university students concurrently appears to be a significant source of stress for IAPT trainees. More research regarding the levels and sources of stress and burnout in IAPT trainees is urgently needed to confirm and extend these findings. Recommendations for future research in the area are given.
Key learning aims
(1)
To establish the current state of the literature regarding stress and burnout in IAPT trainees.
(2)
To raise practitioner, service and education-provider awareness regarding the levels and perceived sources of stress and burnout in IAPT trainees.
(3)
To make recommendations regarding future research on the topic.
Collapse
|
16
|
McCade D, Frewen A, Fassnacht DB. Burnout and depression in Australian psychologists: The moderating role of self-compassion. AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00050067.2021.1890979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donna McCade
- School of Psychology, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, Australia
| | - Amie Frewen
- School of Psychology, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, Australia
| | - Daniel B. Fassnacht
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- Órama Institute for Mental Health and Wellbeing, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wong D, Baker K, Morris EMJ. Psychology graduate outcomes: evaluating the quality and impact of clinical psychology and clinical neuropsychology training in Australia. AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00050067.2021.1890982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dana Wong
- Department of Psychology & Counselling, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Katharine Baker
- Department of Psychology & Counselling, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Eric M. J. Morris
- Department of Psychology & Counselling, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wong HJ, White KM. A theory-based examination of self-care behaviours among psychologists. Clin Psychol Psychother 2021; 28:950-968. [PMID: 33415787 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined psychological, spiritual, physical/leisure and social self-care behaviours among psychologists using a major model of predicting human behaviour, the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). The study used a mixed method approach with two stages of data collection. Psychologists (N = 200) completed an online questionnaire assessing TPB constructs (attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control and intention) and additional constructs of action planning, coping planning, peer and supervisor norms and organizational climate. Two weeks later, participants (n = 110) completed a follow-up questionnaire assessing their self-care behaviour. Results indicated general support for the standard TPB constructs in predicting self-care intentions for psychologists and the additional construct of action planning mediated the intention-behaviour relationship across most self-care dimensions. Findings from the current research provide further understanding of the factors influencing self-care engagement among psychologists and can be used to inform development of strategies to foster greater engagement in self-care behaviour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hou Jun Wong
- School of Psychology and Counselling and Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katherine M White
- School of Psychology and Counselling and Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pakenham KI, Viskovich S. Pilot evaluation of the impacts of a personal practice informed undergraduate psychotherapy curriculum on student learning and wellbeing. AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ap.12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
20
|
Robins TG, Roberts RM, Sarris A. The effectiveness, feasibility, and acceptability of a dialectical behaviour therapy skills training group in reducing burnout and psychological distress in psychology trainees: A pilot study. AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ap.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara G. Robins
- School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Rachel M. Roberts
- School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Aspa Sarris
- School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Graj E, Sheen J, Dudley A, Sutherland‐smith W, Mcgillivray J. Enhancing student competency in risky clinical environments: Evaluating an online education program. AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ap.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ella Graj
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jade Sheen
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amanda Dudley
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Jane Mcgillivray
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pakenham KI. Training in acceptance and commitment therapy fosters self‐care in clinical psychology trainees. CLIN PSYCHOL-UK 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/cp.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth I. Pakenham
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia,
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pakenham KI, Stafford‐brown J. Postgraduate clinical psychology students' perceptions of an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy stress management intervention and clinical training. CLIN PSYCHOL-UK 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-9552.2012.00050.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth I. Pakenham
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia,
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
King BR. “The remainder of your practicum training has been terminated”: a unique challenge faced by trainees during the COVID-19 pandemic. COUNSELLING PSYCHOLOGY QUARTERLY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09515070.2020.1796593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany R. King
- Department of Psychology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bogwu JO. The Importance of Mentoring Relationships Independent of Supervision for Clinical Psychology Trainees. J Cogn Psychother 2020. [DOI: 10.1891/jcpsy-d-19-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
26
|
Sheen J, Graj E, Dudley A, Wallace B, Sutherland‐smith W, Kavadas V, Roberts RM, Proeve M, Littler S, Clark GI, Dunstan DA. Occupational risks during clinical placement: Key stakeholder perceptions. AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ap.12403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jade Sheen
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia,
| | - Ella Graj
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia,
| | - Amanda Dudley
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia,
| | - Belinda Wallace
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia,
| | | | - Vicki Kavadas
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia,
| | - Rachel M. Roberts
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia,
| | - Michael Proeve
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia,
| | - Sue Littler
- USQ Postgraduate Psychology Clinic, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia,
| | - Gavin I. Clark
- School of Behavioural, Cognitive and Social Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia,
| | - Debra A. Dunstan
- School of Behavioural, Cognitive and Social Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia,
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Daniel-González L, de la Rubia JM, Valle de la O A, García-Cadena CH, Martínez-Martí ML. Validation of the Mexican Spanish Version of the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience in a Sample of Medical and Psychology Students. Psychol Rep 2019; 123:2053-2079. [PMID: 31865838 DOI: 10.1177/0033294119896046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE) aims to measure affect with high transcultural validity. The bifactor model is the best theoretical option to represent affective balance, although it is not typically used in validation studies. The objectives of this research were to test a bifactor model vis-à-vis the traditional model composed of two correlated factors, to prove its invariance across sexes, and to provide evidence of concurrent validity. A nonprobability sample composed of 600 Mexican students of psychology and medicine was recruit. One-group and multigroup confirmatory factor analyses were carried out. The SPANE and the scales selected to assess depression, perceived stress, and satisfaction with life were applied. The bifactor model showed better goodness-of-fit indices than the two correlated factors model: Δχ2(11) = 121.436, p < . 001, Δχ2/Δdf = 11.04 > 5, ΔGFI = .034, ΔNFI = .025, ΔNNFI = .022, and ΔCFI = .023 >.01. The internal consistency for the general factor as well as for the factor of positive affect was excellent, whereas it was good for the factor of negative affect. The measurement model was valid across sexes. The general factor of affective balance had a very high correlation with depression, high with perceived stress, and medium with satisfaction with life. It is concluded that SPANE is reliable and shows evidence of validity among Mexican student of psychology and medicine, and the bifactor model is adequate to represent affective balance.
Collapse
|
28
|
Kalkbrenner MT, Neukrug ES. The utility of the revised Fit, Stigma, and Value Scale with counselor trainees: implications for enhancing clinical supervision. CLINICAL SUPERVISOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/07325223.2019.1634665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Kalkbrenner
- The Department of Counseling and Educational Psychology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA
| | - Edward S. Neukrug
- The Department of Counseling and Human Services, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Richardson CME, Trusty WT, George KA. Trainee wellness: self-critical perfectionism, self-compassion, depression, and burnout among doctoral trainees in psychology. COUNSELLING PSYCHOLOGY QUARTERLY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09515070.2018.1509839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wilson T. Trusty
- Department of Psychology and Communication Studies, University of Idaho
| | - Kylie A. George
- Department of Psychology and Communication Studies, University of Idaho
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Vally Z. Do doctoral training programmes actively promote a culture of self-care among clinical and counselling psychology trainees? BRITISH JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE & COUNSELLING 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/03069885.2018.1461195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahir Vally
- Department of Psychology & Counseling, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Grice T, Alcock K, Scior K. Mental health disclosure amongst clinical psychologists in training: Perfectionism and pragmatism. Clin Psychol Psychother 2018; 25:721-729. [PMID: 29582510 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the incidence of lived experience of mental health problems amongst UK-based trainee clinical psychologists and factors associated with anticipated disclosure for trainees both with and without lived experience. METHODS A web-based survey comprising the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, an adapted version of the Perceived Devaluation and Discrimination Scale, and questions about lived experience and anticipated likelihood of disclosure. RESULTS The survey was completed by 348 trainees across 19 UK training institutions. Sixty-seven percent reported lived experience of a mental health problem. For these trainees, there was no difference in anticipated likelihood of disclosing to different recipient types after controlling for maladaptive perfectionism. However, across all participants, anticipated disclosure was associated with maladaptive perfectionism, temporal proximity, anticipated stigma (past), and recipient type. Anticipated stigma (present) was not associated with anticipated disclosure. CONCLUSIONS Results support an approach to communicating about mental health disclosure that incorporates responsibility, interdependency, and transparency. Suggestions for further research are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Grice
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kat Alcock
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Katrina Scior
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Simionato GK, Simpson S. Personal risk factors associated with burnout among psychotherapists: A systematic review of the literature. J Clin Psychol 2018; 74:1431-1456. [DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan Simpson
- School of Psychology, Social Work, and Social Policy; University of South Australia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Pakenham KI, Scott T, Uccelli MM. Short Report: Evaluation of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Training for Psychologists Working with People with Multiple Sclerosis. Int J MS Care 2018; 20:44-48. [PMID: 29507542 DOI: 10.7224/1537-2073.2016-080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is the most widely used and researched recent variant of cognitive behavioral therapy and has been shown to increase quality of life in people with chronic illnesses, including multiple sclerosis (MS). However, few MS health practitioners are trained in ACT. This study evaluated a 2-day ACT training workshop for Italian psychologists working with people with MS. Methods Data were collected via online questionnaires from 34 psychologists before the workshop, after the workshop, and at 6-month follow-up. Two sets of variables were measured at each assessment: primary outcomes (well-being, negative affect, positive affect, and job satisfaction) and ACT processes (values, mindfulness, psychological flexibility, and cognitive defusion). A separate online workshop evaluation questionnaire and an ACT knowledge examination were administered after the workshop. Results Most participants (94%) acknowledged the potential beneficial effects of the workshop on their work. Almost all participants reported their intention to apply ACT clinically. More than 90% of participants indicated that the workshop was efficacious. All participants scored higher than 75% on the examination. Mindfulness increased from after the workshop to follow-up; however, there were no statistically significant changes in other variables. Correlations suggested beneficial associations between the ACT processes and the primary outcomes. Conclusions Results suggest that ACT training is personally and professionally helpful for psychologists in the MS field.
Collapse
|
34
|
Rudaz M, Twohig MP, Ong CW, Levin ME. Mindfulness and acceptance-based trainings for fostering self-care and reducing stress in mental health professionals: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
35
|
Kaeding A, Sougleris C, Reid C, van Vreeswijk MF, Hayes C, Dorrian J, Simpson S. Professional Burnout, Early Maladaptive Schemas, and Physical Health in Clinical and Counselling Psychology Trainees. J Clin Psychol 2017; 73:1782-1796. [DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
36
|
Hill K, Wittkowski A, Hodgkinson E, Bell R, Hare DJ. Using the Repertory Grid Technique to Examine Trainee Clinical Psychologists' Construal of Their Personal and Professional Development. Clin Psychol Psychother 2017; 23:425-437. [PMID: 25963799 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.1961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The repertory grid technique was used to explore how 26 third-year trainee clinical psychologists construed their personal and professional selves over the course of training and into the future. Each trainee completed a demographic questionnaire and a repertory grid with 10 elements: four 'personal self' elements, four 'professional self' elements and two 'qualified clinical psychologist' elements. They then rated the 10 elements on 10 bipolar constructs of their choosing. Trainees' personal and professional selves were construed to be similar to each other. Trainees had low self-esteem and reported currently feeling anxious, stressed, unsettled and lacking an appropriate work-life balance. These difficulties were attributed to the demands of training and were expected to resolve once training was completed with future selves being construed as similar to ideal selves. Suggestions for future research with improved methodology are made, and the implications of the findings for trainees, training providers and employers of newly qualified clinical psychologists are given. The overall implication being that stress in training is normative and the profession has a duty to normalize this and ensure that self-care and personal development are recognized as core competencies of the clinical psychologist for the benefit of its members and their clients. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. KEY PRACTITIONER MESSAGE Clinical psychology trainees experience training as demanding and stressful, which negatively impacts on their personal and professional self-image and self-esteem. However, they are optimistic that they will become more like their ideal self in the future. Stress in clinical training (and beyond) is normative, and thus, personal development and self-care should be recognized as clinical psychologist's core competencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katy Hill
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Anja Wittkowski
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Emma Hodgkinson
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Richard Bell
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dougal J Hare
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Finlay-Jones A, Kane R, Rees C. Self-Compassion Online: A Pilot Study of an Internet-Based Self-Compassion Cultivation Program for Psychology Trainees. J Clin Psychol 2016; 73:797-816. [PMID: 27787877 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study sought to conduct a preliminary investigation of the effectiveness and feasibility of a novel, self-guided online self-compassion training for reducing psychological distress and increasing self-compassion and happiness among psychology trainees. METHOD A 6-week online self-compassion cultivation program was developed and delivered to Australian psychology trainees (n = 37), and a pre-experimental repeated-measures design was used to collect change data on self-compassion, happiness, perceived stress, emotion regulation difficulties as well as symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. RESULTS Participants reported significant increases in self-compassion and happiness and significant decreases in depression, stress, and emotion regulation difficulties between pretest and posttest, with the majority of changes maintained at 3-month follow up. CONCLUSION This study provides preliminary evidence supporting the effectiveness and acceptability of online self-compassion training as a positive, integrated, and meaningful way of reducing distress and promoting self-compassion and happiness among trainee psychologists.
Collapse
|
38
|
Pallavicini F, Gaggioli A, Raspelli S, Cipresso P, Serino S, Vigna C, Grassi A, Morganti L, Baruffi M, Wiederhold B, Riva G. Interreality for the management and training of psychological stress: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2013; 14:191. [PMID: 23806013 PMCID: PMC3699393 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-14-191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Psychological stress occurs when an individual perceives that environmental demands tax or exceed his or her adaptive capacity. Its association with severe health and emotional diseases, points out the necessity to find new efficient strategies to treat it. Moreover, psychological stress is a very personal problem and requires training focused on the specific needs of individuals. To overcome the above limitations, the INTERSTRESS project suggests the adoption of a new paradigm for e-health - Interreality - that integrates contextualized assessment and treatment within a hybrid environment, bridging the physical and the virtual worlds. According to this premise, the aim of this study is to investigate the advantages of using advanced technologies, in combination with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), based on a protocol for reducing psychological stress. Methods/Design The study is designed as a randomized controlled trial. It includes three groups of approximately 50 subjects each who suffer from psychological stress: (1) the experimental group, (2) the control group, (3) the waiting list group. Participants included in the experimental group will receive a treatment based on cognitive behavioral techniques combined with virtual reality, biofeedback and mobile phone, while the control group will receive traditional stress management CBT-based training, without the use of new technologies. The wait-list group will be reassessed and compared with the two other groups five weeks after the initial evaluation. After the reassessment, the wait-list patients will randomly receive one of the two other treatments. Psychometric and physiological outcomes will serve as quantitative dependent variables, while subjective reports of participants will be used as the qualitative dependent variable. Discussion What we would like to show with the present trial is that bridging virtual experiences, used to learn coping skills and emotional regulation, with real experiences using advanced technologies (virtual reality, advanced sensors and smartphones) is a feasible way to address actual limitations of existing protocols for psychological stress. Trial registration http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01683617
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Pallavicini
- Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Laboratory (IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano), Via Pellizza da Volpedo, 41, Milan, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|