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Zhang Y, Su Y, Tang Z, Li L. The impact of cannabis use on erectile dysfunction and sex hormones: a Mendelian randomization analysis. Int J Impot Res 2024:10.1038/s41443-024-00925-3. [PMID: 38834872 DOI: 10.1038/s41443-024-00925-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Previous study has highlighted an association between cannabis use (CU) and an increased risk of erectile dysfunction (ED), potentially due to indirect effects on sex hormonal balance. However, the evidence remains controversial, and the causal relationship is unclear. This study utilized genome-wide association study (GWAS) data to investigate the causal relationships between cannabis use disorder (CUD), lifetime cannabis use (LCU), and ED, as well as levels of sex hormones including estradiol (E2), bioavailable testosterone (BT), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) through Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. The primary method of analysis was the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method. Data from the FinnGen and UK Biobank were used for replication and meta-analysis. The results indicated no causal relationship between genetically predicted CUD (OR = 0.97, 95% CI 0.87-1.10, P = 0.66) and LCU (OR = 1.13, 95% CI 0.84-1.50, P = 0.42) with the risk of ED. The meta-analysis provided consistent evidence (P > 0.05). No causal relationships were found between CUD and LCU with E2(CUD: β = 0.00, 95% CI 0.00-0.01, P = 0.37; LCU: β = 0.00, 95% CI -0.02-0.01, P = 0.62), BT (CUD: β = 0.00, 95% CI -0.03-0.02, P = 0.90; LCU: β = 0.02, 95% CI -0.04-0.09, P = 0.46), FSH (CUD: β = 0.01, 95% CI -0.18-0.20, P = 0.92; LCU: β = 0.01, 95% CI -0.44-0.47, P = 0.95), and LH (CUD: β = 0.01, 95% CI -0.18-0.21, P = 0.90; LCU: β = 0.13, 95% CI -0.22-0.49, P = 0.46). Sensitivity analyses detected no evidence of horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity, ensuring the robustness of the results. In conclusion, this MR analysis did not provide evidence supporting a causal relationship between CU and ED or sex hormone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youqian Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, China
- Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yue Su
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zitian Tang
- Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, China.
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Yadav A, Mishra RK. Withania somnifera ameliorates sexual arousal and impotence in stressed sexually sluggish male rats by modulating neurotransmitters and NO/cGMP/PDE5α pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116971. [PMID: 37532077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Psychological stress is a growing global threat to male sexual potency and erection efficiency. Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (WS), also known as Ashwagandha, is a well-known Ayurvedic herb. The roots of Withania somnifera improve the body's ability to handle stress, strengthen the immune system, promote healthy ageing, and have aphrodisiac properties with male sexual stimulation effects. Despite its widespread acceptance as an Ayurvedic stress-relieving drug with beneficial effects on male reproductive health, Withania somnifera has yet to be studied for its potential role in improving the sexual arousal and erectile dysfunction of psychologically stressed sexually sluggish males. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the therapeutic effects of purified root powder of Withania somnifera on sexual behaviour and erectile efficiency in stressed sexually sluggish male rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sexually sluggish male rats were screened by premating tests after being exposed to a psychological stressor, restraint stress, 3 h/day for 30 days. Subsequently, these rats were treated with purified root powder of WS (150 or 300 mg/kg/day-PO) or sildenafil (5 mg/kg/day-PO) for 30 days. The rats were sacrificed after 24 h of the last treatment, and the effects on various factors related to sexual behaviour, penile histomorphology, serum hormones, and neurotransmitters associated with sexual arousal and penile erection were examined. RESULTS WS treatment improves prosexual and sexual behaviour in psychologically stressed sexually sluggish male rats by increasing non-contact erections and mounts, intromission, and ejaculation frequencies, while decreasing sexual exhaustion by decreasing post-ejaculation intervals and latencies. WS also modulates neurotransmitters and hormones associated with sexual desire and stress, including dopamine, serotonin, corticosterone, and prolactin. Additionally, there was also a dose-dependent increase in serum LH, FSH, and testosterone levels. The administration of WS to sexually sluggish rats resulted in significant improvements in penile histomorphology, specifically by increasing the ratio of smooth muscle (SM) to collagen. Furthermore, in sexually sluggish rats, WS treatment increased the expression of markers associated with penile erection facilitation, such as nNOS, eNOS, p-Akt, nitric oxide, acetylcholine, and cGMP. Notably, WS treatment decreased the expression of penile PDE5α in these rats in a dose-dependent manner. Remarkably, the therapeutic effects of WS are comparable to those of sildenafil. CONCLUSIONS Purified root powder of Withania somnifera was found to improve sexual arousal and erection efficiency in stressed, sexually sluggish male rats. This improvement was achieved by modulating the HPG and HPA axes as well as the NO/cGMP/PDE5α pathway involved in penile erection. Thus, our findings strongly support the potent therapeutic potential of purified root powder of WS in improving the sexual health of stressed sexually sluggish rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Yadav
- Male Reproductive Physiology Lab., Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
| | - Raghav Kumar Mishra
- Male Reproductive Physiology Lab., Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India.
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Abstract
Depression and anxiety disorders carry a tremendous worldwide burden and emerge as a significant cause of disability among western societies. Both disorders are known to disproportionally affect women, as they are twice more likely to be diagnosed and moreover, they are also prone to suffer from female-specific mood disorders. Importantly, the prevalence of these affective disorders has notably risen after the COVID pandemic, especially in women. In this chapter, we describe factors that are possibly contributing to the expression of such sex differences in depression and anxiety. For this, we overview the effect of transcriptomic and genetic factors, the immune system, neuroendocrine aspects, and cognition. Furthermore, we also provide evidence of sex differences in antidepressant response and their causes. Finally, we emphasize the importance to consider sex as a biological variable in preclinical and clinical research, which may facilitate the discovery and development of new and more efficacious antidepressant and anxiolytic pharmacotherapies for both women and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlina Pavlidi
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kokras
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- First Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Dalla
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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Maratha S, Sharma V, Walia V. Possible involvement of NO-cGMP signaling in the antidepressant like Effect of Amantadine in mice. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2067-2075. [PMID: 35666396 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01006-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, antidepressant like effect of amantadine was studied in mice using tail suspension test (TST) and forced swim test (FST). Further the effect of amantadine treatment on the brain nitrite, glutamate and serotonin levels was also determined. Amantadine (AMT) (50, 100 and 150 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered to the mice and after 30 min of administration the mice were subjected to TST and FST. It was observed that the administration of AMT (100 and 150 mg/kg, i.p.) decreased the immobility period of mice in TST and FST significantly as compared to control. The findings from the whole brain neurochemical assay suggested that the AMT (100 and 150 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment decreased the brain nitrite and glutamate level but increased the brain serotonin significantly as compared to control. Further the influence of NO-cGMP signaling in the antidepressant like effect of amantadine was also determined. It was observed that the NO donor (i.e. L-Arginine (50 mg/kg, i.p.)) potentiated the effect elicited by AMT (50 mg/kg, i.p.) in FST and decreased the brain serotonin level of AMT (50 mg/kg, i.p.) treated mice. Further the pretreatment of cGMP modulator (i.e. Sildenafil (1 mg/kg, i.p.)) potentiated the behavioral effect elicited by AMT (50 mg/kg, i.p.) in TST and FST and decreased the brain nitrite and glutamate level of AMT (50 mg/kg, i.p.) treated mice. In conclusion, amantadine exerted antidepressant like effect in mice and NO-cGMP signaling influences the antidepressant like effect of amantadine in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Maratha
- SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, India
| | - Vijay Sharma
- SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, India
| | - Vaibhav Walia
- SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, India.
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Maratha S, Sharma V, Walia V. Possible involvement of NO-sGC-cGMP signaling in the antidepressant like effect of pyridoxine in mice. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:173-183. [PMID: 34739660 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00858-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to determine the antidepressant like effect of pyridoxine in mice. Pyridoxine (12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered to the mice and depression related behavioral and neurochemical alterations were determined. It was observed that pyridoxine (50 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment decreased the immobility period in tail suspension test (TST) and forced swim test (FST) significantly as compared to control. Pyridoxine (50 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment increased the level of serotonin (5-HT) and decreased the level of nitrite in the brain of mice significantly as compared to control. Pyridoxine thus confer antidepressant like effect by increasing the level of 5-HT and by decreasing the level of nitrite in the brain of mice. Further the influence of nitric oxide (NO)/ soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)/ cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in antidepressant-like effect of pyridoxine was studied. It was observed that the pretreatment of NO donor (i.e. L-Arginine) and cGMP modulator (i.e. sildenafil) counteracted while the pretreatment of NO/sGC inhibitor (i.e. methylene blue) potentiated the effect of pyridoxine in TST and FST. Pretreatment of NO donor did not influence, pretreatment of NO/sGC inhibitor decreased while the pretreatment of cGMP modulator increased the level of brain nitrite in pyridoxine treated mice. Further the pretreatment of NO donor and cGMP modulator decreased while the pretreatment of NO/sGC inhibitor increased the level of brain serotonin in pyridoxine treated mice. Pyridoxine thus exerted antidepressant like effect and NO-sGC-cGMP signaling modulated the antidepressant like effect of pyridoxine in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Maratha
- SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, India
| | - Vijay Sharma
- SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, India
| | - Vaibhav Walia
- SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, India.
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Dau TD, Le MH, Nguyen TTGH, Dang TNM, Do TNQ, Tran QT. Effects of Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss. fruit extract on sexual behaviors in male rats. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-020-00227-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss. has been used for a long time according to the traditional experiences and documentation in order to treat male sexual disorders. Osthole is one of the main bioactive components in Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss. fruit extract of which osthole content was 35% (determined by HPLC method) on sexual behaviors in adult male rats.
Methods
Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss. fruit extract was administered orally at the dose of 150 mg/kg b.w and after 30 min, male rats were coupled with receptive adult female rats to evaluate sexual behaviors, including mounting and intromission.
Results
Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss. fruit extract at the dose of 150 mg/kg b.w increased the percentage of rats that mounted and intromitted; increased the intromission frequency and decreased mounting latency and intromission latency.
Conclusion
Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss. fruit extract increased the ability to mount and intromit in rats, and scientifically support the traditional use of Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss. in treatment of male sexual disorders.
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Kokras N, Poulogiannopoulou E, Sotiropoulos MG, Paravatou R, Goudani E, Dimitriadou M, Papakonstantinou E, Doxastakis G, Perrea DN, Hloupis G, Angelis A, Argyropoulou A, Tsarbopoulos A, Skaltsounis AL, Dalla C. Behavioral and Neurochemical Effects of Extra Virgin Olive Oil Total Phenolic Content and Sideritis Extract in Female Mice. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215000. [PMID: 33126727 PMCID: PMC7663189 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the cognitive and behavioral effects of extra virgin olive oil total phenolic content (TPC) and Sideritis (SID) extracts in female mice, and identify the associated neurochemical changes in the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex. All animals received intraperitoneal low or high doses of TPC, SID or vehicle treatment for 7 days and were subjected to the Open Field (OF), Novel Object Recognition (NOR) and Tail Suspension Test (TST). The prefrontal cortex and hippocampus were dissected for analysis of neurotransmitters and aminoacids with high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ED). Both TPC doses enhanced vertical activity and center entries in the OF, which could indicate an anxiolytic-like effect. In addition, TPC enhanced non-spatial working memory and, in high doses, exerted antidepressant effects. On the other hand, high SID doses remarkably decreased the animals’ overall activity. Locomotor and exploratory activities were closely associated with cortical increases in serotonin turnover induced by both treatments. Cognitive performance was linked to glutamate level changes. Furthermore, TPC reduced cortical taurine levels, while SID reduced cortical aspartate levels. TPC seems to have promising cognitive, anxiolytic and antidepressant effects, whereas SID has sedative effects in high doses. Both extracts act in the brain, but their specific actions and properties merit further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Kokras
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece; (N.K.); (E.P.); (M.G.S.); (R.P.); (E.G.); (M.D.); (E.P.); (A.T.)
- First Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Vas. Sofias Avenue 72–74, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Poulogiannopoulou
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece; (N.K.); (E.P.); (M.G.S.); (R.P.); (E.G.); (M.D.); (E.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Marinos G. Sotiropoulos
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece; (N.K.); (E.P.); (M.G.S.); (R.P.); (E.G.); (M.D.); (E.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Rafaella Paravatou
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece; (N.K.); (E.P.); (M.G.S.); (R.P.); (E.G.); (M.D.); (E.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Eleni Goudani
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece; (N.K.); (E.P.); (M.G.S.); (R.P.); (E.G.); (M.D.); (E.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Maria Dimitriadou
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece; (N.K.); (E.P.); (M.G.S.); (R.P.); (E.G.); (M.D.); (E.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Electra Papakonstantinou
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece; (N.K.); (E.P.); (M.G.S.); (R.P.); (E.G.); (M.D.); (E.P.); (A.T.)
| | - George Doxastakis
- Electronic Devices and Materials Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, University of West Attica, Agiou Spiridonos 28, Egaleo, 12243 Athens, Greece; (G.D.); (G.H.)
| | - Despina N. Perrea
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research N.S. Christeas, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11521 Athens, Greece;
| | - George Hloupis
- Electronic Devices and Materials Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, University of West Attica, Agiou Spiridonos 28, Egaleo, 12243 Athens, Greece; (G.D.); (G.H.)
| | - Apostolis Angelis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (A.A.); (A.A.); (A.-L.S.)
| | - Aikaterini Argyropoulou
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (A.A.); (A.A.); (A.-L.S.)
| | - Anthony Tsarbopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece; (N.K.); (E.P.); (M.G.S.); (R.P.); (E.G.); (M.D.); (E.P.); (A.T.)
- Bioanalytical Department, GAIA Research Center, The Goulandris Natural History Museum, Othonos 100, Kifissia, 14562 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexios-Leandros Skaltsounis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (A.A.); (A.A.); (A.-L.S.)
| | - Christina Dalla
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece; (N.K.); (E.P.); (M.G.S.); (R.P.); (E.G.); (M.D.); (E.P.); (A.T.)
- Correspondence:
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Cunha AM, Guimarães MR, Kokras N, Sotiropoulos I, Sousa N, Almeida A, Dalla C, Leite-Almeida H. Mesocorticolimbic monoamines in a rodent model of chronic neuropathic pain. Neurosci Lett 2020; 737:135309. [PMID: 32818589 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain manifests in multiple disorders and is highly debilitating. While its pathophysiology is not fully understood, the involvement of the mesocorticolimbic monoaminergic systems have been shown to play a critical role in chronic pain emergence and/or maintenance. In this study, we analyzed the levels of monoamines dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA) and serotonin (5-HT) in mesocorticolimbic areas - medial prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, striatum, nucleus accumbens and amygdala - 1 month after a neuropathic lesion, Spared Nerve Injury (SNI). In SNI animals, were observed a marginal decrease of DA and 5-HT in the striatum and a rightward shift in the levels of NA in the nucleus accumbens. While mesocorticolimbic monoamines might be relevant for chronic pain pathophysiology its content appears to be relatively unaffected in our experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Margarida Cunha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Marco Rafael Guimarães
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nikolaos Kokras
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; First Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Sotiropoulos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Armando Almeida
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Christina Dalla
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Hugo Leite-Almeida
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.
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Effect of sertraline on central serotonin and hippocampal plasticity in pregnant and non-pregnant rats. Neuropharmacology 2020; 166:107950. [PMID: 31935392 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.107950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
One of the most frequently prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor medications (SSRIs) for peripartum mood and anxiety disorders is sertraline (Zoloft®). Sertraline can help alleviate mood and anxiety symptoms in many women but it is not known how sertraline, or SSRIs in general, affect the neurobiology of the brain particularly when pregnant. The aim of this study was to investigate how sertraline affects plasticity in the hippocampus, a brain area integral in depression and SSRI efficacy (particularly in males), during late pregnancy and whether these effects differ from the effects of sertraline in non-pregnant females. To do this pregnant and age-matched non-pregnant female Sprague-Dawley rats were used. For the last half of pregnancy (10 days), and at matched points in non-pregnant females, rats were given sertraline (2.5 mg/kg/day or 10 mg/kg/day) or vehicle (0 mg/kg/day). Brains were used to investigate effects on the serotonergic system in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex and measures of neuroplasticity in the hippocampus. Results show that pregnant females have significantly higher serum levels of sertraline compared to non-pregnant females but that rates of serotonin turnover in the hippocampus and PFC are similar between pregnant and non-pregnant females. Sertraline increased synaptophysin density in the dentate gyrus and CA3 and was associated with a decrease in cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus of non-pregnant, but not pregnant, females. During late pregnancy the hippocampus showed significant reductions in neurogenesis and increases in synaptophysin density. This research highlights the need to consider the unique effect of reproductive state on the neuropharmacology of SSRIs.
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Chen J, Yang J, Huang X, Ni L, Fan Q, Liu T, Yao Z, Chen Y. Reduced segregation and integration of structural brain network associated with sympathetic and dorsal penile nerve activity in anejaculation patients: a graph‐based connectome study. Andrology 2019; 8:392-399. [PMID: 31610095 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Chen
- Department of Andrology Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing China
| | - J. Yang
- Department of Urology Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - X. Huang
- Department of Andrology Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing China
| | - L. Ni
- Department of Andrology Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing China
| | - Q. Fan
- Department of Andrology Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing China
| | - T. Liu
- Department of Andrology Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing China
| | - Z. Yao
- Department of Psychiatry Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Y. Chen
- Department of Andrology Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing China
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Park SS, Kim TW, Kim CJ, Hong SY, Kim BK, Sim YJ, Shin MS. Effect of sildenafil citrate on brain central fatigue after exhaustive swimming exercise in rats. J Exerc Rehabil 2019; 15:651-656. [PMID: 31723552 PMCID: PMC6834709 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1938582.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sildenafil citrate, a potent and selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type-5, is used clinically to treat erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension. We investigated the effect of sildenafil citrate on brain central fatigue through serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) synthesis after exhaustive swimming exercise in rats. The rats in the sildenafil citrate-treated groups received sildenafil citrate orally once a day for 14 consecutive days at respective dosage. On the 14 days after starting experiment, each animal was submitted to swimming test with intensity equivalent to overload. The exhaustion was defined as a state in which coordinated movements did not return to the water surface for breathing within 10 sec. Immunohistochemistry for 5-HT, tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), and western blot for serotonergic type 1A (5-HT1A) receptor and 5-HT transporter (5-HTT) were performed. Exhaustive swimming exercise increased 5-HT and TPH expressions in the dorsal raphe and sildenafil citrate suppressed 5-HT and TPH expressions in the exhaustive swimming exercise rats. Exhaustive swimming exercise increased 5-HT1A receptor and 5-HTT expressions in the dorsal raphe and sildenafil citrate suppressed 5-HT1A receptor and 5-HTT expressions in the exhaustive swimming exercise rats. The significant suppressing effect appeared in the 20-mg/kg sildenafil citrate. Sildenafil citrate might be proposed as a potential ergogenic aid through anticentral fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Seo Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Woon Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Ju Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seo-Youn Hong
- Department of Sports Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Korea
| | - Bo-Kyun Kim
- Department of Emergency Technology, College of Health Science, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Young-Je Sim
- Department of Physical Education, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, Korea
| | - Mal-Soon Shin
- College of Culture and Sports, Division of Global Sport Studies, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
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12
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Huang AC, Wu JM, Chang YH, Dubey NK, Chiu AW, Yeh CY, Tsai TH, Yeh KY. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase activity mediates Lycium barbarum polysaccharides-enhanced sexual performance without stimulating noncontact erection in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:1293-1301. [PMID: 30539267 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-5141-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) is known to promote reproductive functions. However, its role in noncontact erection (NCE) of penis initiated by brain regions including medial preoptic area (MPOA) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) regions responsible for sexual behavior has not been investigated. OBJECTIVES Therefore, this study initially investigated the effects of LBP on male sexual function, and subsequently, the mechanistic insight was investigated through assessing the expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the MPOA and PVN. METHODS The adult male rats were treated with 100 mg/kg of LBP or vehicle by oral gavage. Before and after 14 days of treatment, copulatory behavior and noncontact erection (NCE) were recorded. After the last behavioral test, the brain was isolated to measure nNOS expression in the MPOA and PVN. RESULTS Data showed that LBP treatment significantly increased both the frequencies of intromission as well as ejaculation, compared to the control group. Whereas, a reduced post-ejaculatory interval was observed compared to same group on day 0. Furthermore, the treatment led to an increased intromission ratio, inter-intromission interval, and the number of MPOA nNOS-immunoreactive cells (nNOS-ir). Additionally, a significantly positive correlation between ejaculation frequency and MPOA nNOS-ir cells was recorded. Of note, LBP treatment had no effects on NCE and PVN nNOS-ir expression. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that LBP enhances sexual behavior through increased nNOS expression in the MPOA in male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy C Huang
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Taipei City Hospital Ren-Ai Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Min Wu
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hung Kuang University, No. 1018, Sec. 6, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung, 43302, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Han Chang
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hung Kuang University, No. 1018, Sec. 6, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung, 43302, Taiwan
| | - Navneet Kumar Dubey
- Ceramics and Biomaterials Research Group, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Allen W Chiu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Taipei City Hospital Ren-Ai Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Yeh
- Department of Nursing, Ching Kuo Institute of Management and Health, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Hu Tsai
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Chemical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Ying Yeh
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hung Kuang University, No. 1018, Sec. 6, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung, 43302, Taiwan.
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13
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Kokras N, Sotiropoulos I, Besinis D, Tzouveka EL, Almeida OFX, Sousa N, Dalla C. Neuroplasticity-related correlates of environmental enrichment combined with physical activity differ between the sexes. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 29:1-15. [PMID: 30497839 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.11.1107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Environmental enrichment (EE), comprising positive physical (exercise) and cognitive stimuli, influences neuronal structure and usually improves brain function. The promise of EE as a preventative strategy against neuropsychiatric disease is especially high during early postnatal development when the brain is still amenable to reorganization. Despite the fact that male and female brains differ in terms of connectivity and function that may reflect early life experiences, knowledge of the neural substrates and mechanisms by which such changes arise remains limited. This study compared the impact of EE combined with physical activity on neuroplasticity and its functional consequences in adult male and female rats; EE was provided during the first 3 months of life and our analysis focused on the hippocampus, an area implicated in cognitive behavior as well as the neuroendocrine response to stress. Both male and female rats reared in EE displayed better object recognition memory than their control counterparts. Interestingly, sex differences were revealed in the effects of EE on time spent exploring the objects during this test. Independently of sex, EE increased hippocampal turnover rates of dopamine and serotonin and reduced expression of 5-HT1A receptors; in addition, EE upregulated expression of synaptophysin, a presynaptic protein, in the hippocampus. As compared to their respective controls, EE-exposed males exhibited parallel increases in phosphorylated Tau and the GluN2B receptor, whereas females responded to EE with reduced hippocampal levels of glutamate and GluN2B. Together, these observations provide further evidence on the differential effects of EE on markers of hippocampal neuroplasticity in males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kokras
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Athens 11527, Greece; First Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - I Sotiropoulos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal; Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - D Besinis
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - E L Tzouveka
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Athens 11527, Greece
| | | | - N Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - C Dalla
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Athens 11527, Greece.
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14
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Gill M, Rai A, Kinra M, Sumalatha S, Rao CM, Cheruku SP, Devkar R, Kumar N. Chemically characterised extract ofSaraca asocaimproves the sexual function in male Wistar rats. Andrologia 2018; 50:e13037. [DOI: 10.1111/and.13037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Gill
- Department of Pharmacology; Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Manipal Academy of Higher Education; Manipal India
| | - A. Rai
- Department of Pharmacology; Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Manipal Academy of Higher Education; Manipal India
- Ecron Acunova Ltd.; Manipal India
| | - M. Kinra
- Department of Pharmacology; Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Manipal Academy of Higher Education; Manipal India
| | - S. Sumalatha
- Kasturba Medical College; Manipal Academy of Higher Education; Manipal India
| | - C. M. Rao
- Department of Pharmacology; Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Manipal Academy of Higher Education; Manipal India
| | - S. P. Cheruku
- Department of Pharmacology; Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Manipal Academy of Higher Education; Manipal India
| | - R. Devkar
- Department of Pharmacognosy; Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Manipal Academy of Higher Education; Manipal India
| | - N. Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology; Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Manipal Academy of Higher Education; Manipal India
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15
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Rai A, Das S, Chamallamudi MR, Nandakumar K, Shetty R, Gill M, Sumalatha S, Devkar R, Gourishetti K, Kumar N. Evaluation of the aphrodisiac potential of a chemically characterized aqueous extract of Tamarindus indica pulp. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 210:118-124. [PMID: 28830817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tamarindus indica is an ingredient in the traditional aphrodisiac formulations in Africa and India. It is also a widely used food ingredient in other tropical countries. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was aimed to evaluate the aphrodisiac potential and reproductive safety profile of aqueous extract of Tamarindus indica in male Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The aqueous extract was prepared by maceration of pulp followed by reduction of volume in rotavapor under heat followed by freeze drying. The prepared extract was characterized for contents of total phenol, flavonoid, and saponin. It was also subjected to phytoconstituent analysis using GCMS. Further, the extract was evaluated for acute toxicity study. The aphrodisiac and reproductive toxicity potential were evaluated in animals after grouping them in four with six animals each namely, normal control, standard (Sildenafil citrate, 4mg/kg p.o.) and extract of Tamarindus indica treated groups at two dose levels, 125 and 250mg/kg p.o. The study was conducted for 54 days with daily once dosing of extract and standard. Equal number of females was grouped without treatment for evaluation of parameters of sexual desire (mount frequency and intromission frequency) and parameters of sexual arousal (mount latency and intromission latency). These parameters were evaluated on day 14, 28, 42 and 54. Animals were sacrificed on day 54, testes were removed and studied for histopathological changes. RESULTS The extract showed 6.6mg gallic acid equivalent/g of total phenol, 2.3mg catechin equivalent/g of flavonoid and 11.6% saponin. Forty chemical constituents were identified by GCMS analysis. In acute toxicity study, the extract was found to be safe till 2000mg/kg p.o. Efficacy study showed significant (p<0.05) improvement in parameters of sexual desire (mount frequency and intromission frequency) and parameters of sexual arousal on all observed days except mount frequency for 125mg/kg on 42nd day and intromission frequency for both doses of tamarind compared to normal control. Improvements in these parameters were comparable to the standard drug. Histopathology study and sperm count suggested an increase in sperm production without any sign of toxicity in testis. Sperm motility significantly (p<0.05) increased in the treatment groups that received extract at 250mg/kg compared to normal control. CONCLUSION Aqueous extract of Tamarindus indica possessed aphrodisiac activity together with spermatogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Rai
- Ecron Acunova Ltd., Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Snehashis Das
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Mallikarjuna Rao Chamallamudi
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Krishnadas Nandakumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | | | - Meghna Gill
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Suhani Sumalatha
- Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Raviraj Devkar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Karthik Gourishetti
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.
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16
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Kokras N, Pastromas N, Papasava D, de Bournonville C, Cornil CA, Dalla C. Sex differences in behavioral and neurochemical effects of gonadectomy and aromatase inhibition in rats. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 87:93-107. [PMID: 29054014 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Aromatase inhibitors, which are widely used for the treatment of estrogen-dependent cancers, have been associated with psychiatric side effects ranging from mania to depression. In the present study, we investigated sex differences in the behavioral and neurochemical effects of aromatase inhibition on male and female, sham-operated or gonadectomized adult rats. Three weeks after surgery, rats received chronic treatment with the aromatase inhibitor letrozole or vehicle and were then subjected to the open field test, which assesses general activity. Half of the subjects were subsequently exposed to the stressful procedure of the forced swim test (FST), which is also a test of antidepressant activity. Aromatase activity was analyzed in the hypothalamus and testosterone and corticosterone were assayed in the blood serum of all rats. The hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) were analyzed for monoamine (noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin), as well as amino acid (GABA, glutamate, glycine, taurine, alanine and histidine) levels. The observed decrease in hypothalamic aromatase activity confirmed the efficacy of letrozole treatment in both sexes. Moreover, letrozole enhanced testosterone levels in sham-operated females. In the open field test, females were overall more active and explorative than males and gonadectomy eliminated this sex difference. In the FST, females exhibited overall higher immobility than males and gonadectomy further enhanced this passive behavior in both sexes. However, sustained aromatase inhibition had no effect on open field and FST behaviors. Head shakes during FST, which were fewer in females than in males, were reduced by castration in males and by letrozole treatment in ovariectomized females, suggesting a role of testosterone and extra-gonadal estrogens in the expression of this behavior. Sustained aromatase inhibition also decreased noradrenaline and the dopaminergic turnover rates [DOPAC/DA, HVA/DA] in the hippocampus and PFC of male and female rats, irrespectively of gonadectomy. Moreover, letrozole treatment enhanced the serotonergic turnover [5HIAA/5HT] rate in the hippocampus of males and females, irrespectively of gonadectomy. Amino acid levels were not influenced by letrozole, but sex differences were demonstrated with higher levels in the PFC of females vs. males. Present findings suggest that the neuropsychiatric effects of aromatase inhibition can be attributed to the inhibition of extragonadal estrogen synthesis, presumably in the brain, and could be further associated with serotonergic and catecholaminergic changes in brain regions involved in mood and cognition. Importantly, present data could be linked with the neurobiology of affective side-effects in post-menopausal women receiving aromatase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kokras
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; First Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - N Pastromas
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - D Papasava
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - C de Bournonville
- Behavioral Neuroendocrinology Research Group, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - C A Cornil
- Behavioral Neuroendocrinology Research Group, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - C Dalla
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
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17
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Gemmel M, Kokras N, Dalla C, Pawluski JL. Perinatal fluoxetine prevents the effect of pre-gestational maternal stress on 5-HT in the PFC, but maternal stress has enduring effects on mPFC synaptic structure in offspring. Neuropharmacology 2018; 128:168-180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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18
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Gemmel M, Hazlett M, Bögi E, De Lacalle S, Hill LA, Kokras N, Hammond GL, Dalla C, Charlier TD, Pawluski JL. Perinatal fluoxetine effects on social play, the HPA system, and hippocampal plasticity in pre-adolescent male and female rats: Interactions with pre-gestational maternal stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 84:159-171. [PMID: 28735226 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.07.480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor medications (SSRIs) are the first lines of treatment for maternal affective disorders, and are prescribed to up to 10% of pregnant women. Concern has been raised about how perinatal exposure to these medications affect offspring neurobehavioral outcomes, particularly those related to social interactions, as recent research has reported conflicting results related to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) risk in children prenatally exposed to SSRIs. Therefore, the aim of this work was to investigate the effects of perinatal exposure to the SSRI fluoxetine on social play behaviors and the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal system, using a model of pre-gestational maternal stress. We also investigated synaptic proteins in the CA2, CA3, and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, as well as number of immature neurons in the granule cell layer, as both measures of plasticity in the hippocampus have been linked to social behaviors. In pre-adolescent male and female Sprague-Dawley rat offspring, main findings show that perinatal fluoxetine prevents the negative effect of maternal stress on sibling play behavior. However, perinatal fluoxetine increased social aggressive play with a novel conspecific in both sexes and decreased time grooming a novel conspecific in males only. Perinatal fluoxetine also increased serum corticosteroid binding globulin levels, 5-HT levels in the hippocampus, and pre-synaptic density assessed via synaptophysin in the dentate gyrus. Social interaction was significantly correlated with changes in plasticity in the CA2 region of the hippocampus. Pre-gestational maternal stress exposure resulted in significantly decreased rates of hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptophysin density in the dentate gyrus of pre-adolescent males, but not females. Together, these results further characterize the role of perinatal SSRIs, maternal stress prior to conception, and sex/gender on developing social behaviors and related plasticity in the hippocampus of pre-adolescent offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Gemmel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Mariah Hazlett
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Eszter Bögi
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Department of Reproductive Toxicology, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | | | - Lesley A Hill
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Nikolaos Kokras
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; First Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Geoffrey L Hammond
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Christina Dalla
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Thierry D Charlier
- Institut de Recherche en Sante, Environnement et Travail (Irset), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1085, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Jodi L Pawluski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA; Institut de Recherche en Sante, Environnement et Travail (Irset), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1085, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France.
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19
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Carvalho MM, Campos FL, Marques M, Soares-Cunha C, Kokras N, Dalla C, Leite-Almeida H, Sousa N, Salgado AJ. Effect of Levodopa on Reward and Impulsivity in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 11:145. [PMID: 28848409 PMCID: PMC5550717 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of dopamine replacement therapies (DRT) in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD) can lead to the development of dopamine dysregulation syndrome (DDS) and impulse control disorders (ICD), behavioral disturbances characterized by compulsive DRT self-medication and development of impulsive behaviors. However, the mechanisms behind these disturbances are poorly understood. In animal models of PD, the assessment of the rewarding properties of levodopa (LD), one of the most common drugs used in PD, has produced conflicting results, and its ability to promote increased impulsivity is still understudied. Moreover, it is unclear whether acute and chronic LD therapy differently affects reward and impulsivity. In this study we aimed at assessing, in an animal model of PD with bilateral mesostriatal and mesocorticolimbic degeneration, the behavioral effects of LD therapy regarding reward and impulsivity. Animals with either sham or 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced bilateral lesions in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) were exposed to acute and chronic LD treatment. We used the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm to evaluate the rewarding effects of LD, whereas impulsive behavior was measured with the variable delay-to-signal (VDS) task. Correlation analyses between behavioral measurements of reward or impulsivity and lesion extent in SNc/VTA were performed to pinpoint possible anatomical links of LD-induced behavioral changes. We show that LD, particularly when administered chronically, caused the development of impulsive-like behaviors in 6-OHDA-lesioned animals in the VDS. However, neither acute or chronic LD administration had rewarding effects in 6-OHDA-lesioned animals in the CPP. Our results show that in a bilateral rat model of PD, LD leads to the development of impulsive behaviors, strengthening the association between DRT and DDS/ICD in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel M Carvalho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de GualtarBraga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate LaboratoryGuimarães, Portugal
| | - Filipa L Campos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de GualtarBraga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate LaboratoryGuimarães, Portugal
| | - Mariana Marques
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de GualtarBraga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate LaboratoryGuimarães, Portugal
| | - Carina Soares-Cunha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de GualtarBraga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate LaboratoryGuimarães, Portugal
| | - Nikolaos Kokras
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens, Greece.,First Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens, Greece
| | - Christina Dalla
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens, Greece
| | - Hugo Leite-Almeida
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de GualtarBraga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate LaboratoryGuimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de GualtarBraga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate LaboratoryGuimarães, Portugal
| | - António J Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de GualtarBraga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate LaboratoryGuimarães, Portugal
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20
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Socała K, Nieoczym D, Pieróg M, Szuster-Ciesielska A, Wyska E, Wlaź P. Antidepressant-like activity of sildenafil following acute and subchronic treatment in the forced swim test in mice: effects of restraint stress and monoamine depletion. Metab Brain Dis 2016; 31:1095-104. [PMID: 27283174 PMCID: PMC5031750 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-016-9852-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Sildenafil is a highly effective oral agent for the treatment of erectile dysfunction of multiple etiologies. Although in clinical practice sildenafil is often used in depressed patients, its influence on the pathophysiology of depression remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antidepressant-like activity following acute and subchronic treatment with sildenafil in naïve mice as well as in mice with reserpine- and restraint stress-induced depressive-like behavior. Since corticosterone is released in response to acute stress, we also aimed to assess the influence of sildenafil on serum corticosterone level in non-stressed and stressed animals. The antidepressant activity of sildenafil was assessed in the forced swim test. Corticosterone serum level was determined by using ELISA method, while brain and serum sildenafil level via HPLC method. Sildenafil administered acutely exerted an antidepressant-like effect. Subchronic (14 days) administration of sildenafil resulted only in a weak antidepressant-like effect when evaluated 24 h after the last dose. Acute but not subchronic sildenafil administration reversed the reserpine- and stress-induced immobility in the forced swim test. The lack of effects of sildenafil after subchronic treatment could have been related to its complete elimination from the brain within 24 h from the last injection. Interestingly, acute administration of sildenafil produced a marked increase in serum corticosterone level in both non-stressed and stressed animals. Sildenafil exerts differential effects in the forced swim test after acute and subchronic administration. Further studies on the antidepressant activity of sildenafil are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Socała
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, PL, Poland.
| | - Dorota Nieoczym
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, PL, Poland
| | - Mateusz Pieróg
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, PL, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szuster-Ciesielska
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Wyska
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Wlaź
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, PL, Poland
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21
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Gestational stress and fluoxetine treatment differentially affect plasticity, methylation and serotonin levels in the PFC and hippocampus of rat dams. Neuroscience 2016; 327:32-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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22
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Gemmel M, Rayen I, Lotus T, van Donkelaar E, Steinbusch HW, De Lacalle S, Kokras N, Dalla C, Pawluski JL. Developmental fluoxetine and prenatal stress effects on serotonin, dopamine, and synaptophysin density in the PFC and hippocampus of offspring at weaning. Dev Psychobiol 2015; 58:315-27. [DOI: 10.1002/dev.21372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Gemmel
- Department of Biological Sciences; Ohio University; Athens OH
| | - Ine Rayen
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience; Maastricht University; Maastricht Netherlands
| | - Tiffany Lotus
- Department of Biological Sciences; Ohio University; Athens OH
| | - Eva van Donkelaar
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience; Maastricht University; Maastricht Netherlands
| | - Harry W. Steinbusch
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience; Maastricht University; Maastricht Netherlands
| | | | - Nikolaos Kokras
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School; University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - Christina Dalla
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School; University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - Jodi L. Pawluski
- Department of Biological Sciences; Ohio University; Athens OH
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience; Maastricht University; Maastricht Netherlands
- University of Rennes 1, IRSET-INSERM U1085; Rennes Cedex France
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23
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Morgado P, Marques F, Ribeiro B, Leite-Almeida H, Pêgo JM, Rodrigues AJ, Dalla C, Kokras N, Sousa N, Cerqueira JJ. Stress induced risk-aversion is reverted by D2/D3 agonist in the rat. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 25:1744-52. [PMID: 26233608 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Stress exposure triggers cognitive and behavioral impairments that influence decision-making processes. Decisions under a context of uncertainty require complex reward-prediction processes that are known to be mediated by the mesocorticolimbic dopamine (DA) system in brain areas sensitive to the deleterious effects of chronic stress, in particular the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Using a decision-making task, we show that chronic stress biases risk-based decision-making to safer behaviors. This decision-making pattern is associated with an increased activation of the lateral part of the OFC and with morphological changes in pyramidal neurons specifically recruited by this task. Additionally, stress exposure induces a hypodopaminergic status accompanied by increased mRNA levels of the dopamine receptor type 2 (Drd2) in the OFC; importantly, treatment with a D2/D3 agonist quinpirole reverts the shift to safer behaviors induced by stress on risky decision-making. These results suggest that the brain mechanisms related to risk-based decision-making are altered after chronic stress, but can be modulated by manipulation of dopaminergic transmission.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Chronic Disease
- Decision Making/drug effects
- Decision Making/physiology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dopamine/metabolism
- Dopamine Agonists/pharmacology
- Male
- Prefrontal Cortex/drug effects
- Prefrontal Cortex/metabolism
- Prefrontal Cortex/pathology
- Pyramidal Cells/drug effects
- Pyramidal Cells/metabolism
- Pyramidal Cells/pathology
- Quinpirole/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/agonists
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D3/agonists
- Receptors, Dopamine D3/metabolism
- Risk-Taking
- Stress, Psychological/drug therapy
- Stress, Psychological/metabolism
- Stress, Psychological/pathology
- Uncertainty
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Morgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.; ICVS-3Bs PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Marques
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.; ICVS-3Bs PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Ribeiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.; ICVS-3Bs PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Hugo Leite-Almeida
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.; ICVS-3Bs PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - José M Pêgo
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.; ICVS-3Bs PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana J Rodrigues
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.; ICVS-3Bs PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Christina Dalla
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikos Kokras
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece; First Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.; ICVS-3Bs PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - João J Cerqueira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.; ICVS-3Bs PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.
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24
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The positive effect on ketamine as a priming adjuvant in antidepressant treatment. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e573. [PMID: 26080090 PMCID: PMC4471295 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketamine is an anesthetic with antidepressant properties. The rapid and lasting effect of ketamine observed in preclinical and clinical research makes it a promising therapeutic to improve current major depression (MD) treatment. Our work intended to evaluate whether the combined use of classic antidepressants (imipramine or fluoxetine) and ketamine would improve the antidepressant response. Using an animal model of depressive-like behavior, we show that the addition of ketamine to antidepressants anticipates the behavioral response and accelerates the neuroplastic events when compared with the use of antidepressants alone. In conclusion, our results suggest the need for a reappraisal of the current pharmacological treatment of MD.
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25
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Efficacy of Sildenafil in a Patient With Restless Legs Syndrome/Willis-Ekbom Disease. Clin Neuropharmacol 2015; 38:67-8. [DOI: 10.1097/wnf.0000000000000072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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26
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Oka V, Udefa A, Nna V, Owu D. Sildenafil Citrate and Tramadol Administered Separately and in Combination Affects Basal Metabolic Rate, Triiodothyronine (T3) and Cortisol Levels in Albino Wistar Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/tmr.2015.51.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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27
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What is relationship between the medial preoptic area, the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis and Kallmann syndrome? Med Hypotheses 2013; 81:219-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2013.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Castañeyra-Ruiz L, González-Marrero I, Castañeyra-Ruiz A, González-Toledo JM, Castañeyra-Ruiz M, de Paz-Carmona H, Castañeyra-Perdomo A, Carmona-Calero EM. Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone distribution in the anterior hypothalamus of the female rats. ISRN ANATOMY 2013; 2013:870721. [PMID: 25938107 PMCID: PMC4392965 DOI: 10.5402/2013/870721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) neurons and fibers are located in the anteroventral hypothalamus, specifically in the preoptic medial area and the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis. Most luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone neurons project to the median eminence where they are secreted in the pituitary portal system in order to control the release of gonadotropin. The aim of this study is to provide, using immunohistochemistry and female brain rats, a new description of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone fibers and neuron localization in the anterior hypothalamus. The greatest amount of the LHRH immunoreactive material was found in the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis that is located around the anterior region of the third ventricle. The intensity of the reaction of LHRH immunoreactive material decreases from cephalic to caudal localization; therefore, the greatest immunoreaction is in the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis, followed by the dorsomedial preoptic area, the ventromedial preoptic area, and finally the ventrolateral medial preoptic area, and in fibers surrounding the suprachiasmatic nucleus and subependymal layer on the floor of the third ventricle where the least amount immunoreactive material is found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Castañeyra-Ruiz
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna, Ofra s/n, 38071 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain ; Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna, Ofra s/n, 38071 La Laguna, Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Spain
| | - Ibrahim González-Marrero
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna, Ofra s/n, 38071 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Agustín Castañeyra-Ruiz
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigación y Ciencias de Puerto del Rosario, c/Tenerife 35, 35600 Puerto del Rosario, Fuerteventura, Isla Canarias, Spain
| | - Juan M González-Toledo
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna, Ofra s/n, 38071 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - María Castañeyra-Ruiz
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigación y Ciencias de Puerto del Rosario, c/Tenerife 35, 35600 Puerto del Rosario, Fuerteventura, Isla Canarias, Spain
| | - Héctor de Paz-Carmona
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigación y Ciencias de Puerto del Rosario, c/Tenerife 35, 35600 Puerto del Rosario, Fuerteventura, Isla Canarias, Spain
| | - Agustín Castañeyra-Perdomo
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna, Ofra s/n, 38071 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain ; Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigación y Ciencias de Puerto del Rosario, c/Tenerife 35, 35600 Puerto del Rosario, Fuerteventura, Isla Canarias, Spain
| | - Emilia M Carmona-Calero
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna, Ofra s/n, 38071 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain ; Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigación y Ciencias de Puerto del Rosario, c/Tenerife 35, 35600 Puerto del Rosario, Fuerteventura, Isla Canarias, Spain
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29
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Sexual dysfunction: Central action of sildenafil on arousal and reward pathways. Nat Rev Urol 2012. [PMID: 23208301 DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2012.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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