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Moreno-Arias RA, Méndez-Galeano MA, Beltrán I, Vargas-Ramírez M. Revealing anole diversity in the highlands of the Northern Andes: New and resurrected species of the Anolis heterodermus species group. VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.3897/vz.73.e94265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The Anolis heterodermus group comprises eight big-headed and short-legged lizard species from the highlands of the northernmost South American Andes. Recent studies revealed unknown lineages within this group that had previously been categorized as a species complex. By widely sampling and applying an integrative taxonomic framework, we (1) assessed the species diversity of the group using a molecular dataset (two mitochondrial and one nuclear markers) along with an inclusive morphological study (scalation, scale configuration and ornamentation, morphometrics, and dewlap and body colour patterns); and (2) we inferred the evolutionary relationships within this species group. Our analyses confirmed the formerly reported differentiation between populations of those high-altitude lizards, and we identified several unknown evolutionary lineages. Our results provided evidence for the existence of nine distinct, independently evolving evolutionary lineages in the heterodermus group. As a result, we described two morphologically and genetically highly distinct lineages as species new to science (A. quimbayasp. nov. and A. tequendamasp. nov.). We redescribed A. heterodermus and erected as a valid species Anolis richteri, a previously described synonym of A. heterodermus. A taxonomic key for the identification of species of the Phenacosaurus clade was presented. The identification of two additional poorly-known lineages suggested that the diversity of this group of lizards is still unknown; therefore, it is necessary to establish measurements for the group´s conservation, as well as to perform fieldwork and revision of herpetological collections to identify possible hidden diversity within the group.
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Vidal A, Iturriaga M, Mancina CA, Cézilly F. Differences in sex ratio, tail autotomy, body size and body condition between suburban and forest populations of the cuban endemic lizard Anolis homolechis. Urban Ecosyst 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-022-01259-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ramírez‐Bautista A, Cruz‐Elizalde R, Stephenson BP, Hernández‐Salinas U. Geographic variation in female body size and clutch size of the lizard
Sceloporus variabilis
(Squamata: Phrynosomatidae) in Mexico. ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/azo.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio Ramírez‐Bautista
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Poblaciones Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo Hidalgo México
| | - Raciel Cruz‐Elizalde
- Museo de Zoología “Alfonso L. Herrera” Departamento de Biología Evolutiva Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) Ciudad de México México
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Méndez-Galeano MA, Paternina-Cruz RF, Calderón-Espinosa ML. The highest kingdom of Anolis: Thermal biology of the Andean lizard Anolis heterodermus (Squamata: Dactyloidae) over an elevational gradient in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. J Therm Biol 2020; 89:102498. [PMID: 32364973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.102498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Vertebrate ectotherms may deal with changes of environmental temperatures by behavioral and/or physiological mechanisms. Reptiles inhabiting tropical highlands face extreme fluctuating daily temperatures, and extreme values and intervals of fluctuations vary with altitude. Anolis heterodermus occurs between 1800 m to 3750 m elevation in the tropical Andes, and is the Anolis species found at the highest altitude known. We evaluated which strategies populations from elevations of 2200 m, 2650 m and 3400 m use to cope with environmental temperatures. We measured body, preferred, critical maximum and minimum temperatures, and sprint speed at different body temperatures of individuals, as well as operative temperatures. Anolis heterodermus exhibits behavioral adjustments in response to changes in environmental temperatures across altitudes. Likewise, physiological traits exhibit intrapopulation variations, but they are similar among populations, tended to the "static" side of the evolution of thermal traits spectrum. The thermoregulatory behavioral strategy in this species is extremely plastic, and lizards adjust even to fluctuating environmental conditions from day to day. Unlike other Anolis species, at low thermal quality of the habitat, lizards are thermoconformers, particularly at the highest altitudes, where cloudy days can intensify this strategy even more. Our study reveals that the pattern of strategies for dealing with thermal ambient variations and their relation to extinction risks in the tropics that are caused by global warming is perhaps more complex for lizards than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Méndez-Galeano
- Grupo de Morfología y Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Apartado 7495, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia.
| | - R Felipe Paternina-Cruz
- Grupo de Morfología y Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Apartado 7495, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia
| | - Martha L Calderón-Espinosa
- Grupo de Morfología y Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Apartado 7495, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia
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Moreno-Arias RA, Bloor P, Calderón-Espinosa ML. Evolution of ecological structure of anole communities in tropical rain forests from north-western South America. Zool J Linn Soc 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The coexistence of several anoles in the same place is attributed to differential partitioning of resources. Although several mainland and island communities show a similar structure, differences in life-history traits, absence of niche complementarity, higher food supply and higher numbers of predators in mainland environments support the idea that predation, rather than competition, is a more important structuring force in mainland than in island anole communities. To analyse the pattern of ecological structure in mainland anole communities, we studied communities in three tropical rain forests of north-western South America to obtain data about the use of resources on three niche axes [spatial, thermal and morphological (as a proxy of diet)] for 17 species of anoles. We analysed the patterns of niche overlap for each axis and found that overlap on the dietary axis was less than the overlap on the other axes, indicating that species using similar spatial or thermal resources diverge strongly in their diet. In addition, we identified a niche complementarity among niche axes, suggesting that intraspecific competition is also an important process in those communities. Finally, this study revealed a similar ecological structure in different communities of mainland rain-forest anoles, which share seven ecomorphs, suggesting ecological adaptation and convergence in mainland anoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael A Moreno-Arias
- Grupo de Morfología y Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Paul Bloor
- Instituto de Genética, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Martha L Calderón-Espinosa
- Grupo de Morfología y Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
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Ramírez-Bautista A, Cruz-Elizalde R, Hernández-Salinas U, Lozano A, Grummer JA. Reproductive trait variation in the Sceloporus scalaris species group (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae) from the Transvolcanic Belt, Mexico. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blx100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Addis EA, Gangloff EJ, Palacios MG, Carr KE, Bronikowski AM. Merging the “Morphology–Performance–Fitness” Paradigm and Life-History Theory in the Eagle Lake Garter Snake Research Project. Integr Comp Biol 2017; 57:423-435. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icx079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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Méndez-Galeano MA, Calderón-Espinosa ML. Thermoregulation in the Andean lizard Anolis heterodermus (Squamata: Dactyloidae) at high elevation in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. IHERINGIA. SERIE ZOOLOGIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4766e2017018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Low thermal quality environments, such extreme latitudes or high elevation regions, are highly expensive for reptiles in terms of thermoregulation. Thus, physiological adaptations or behavioral adjustments to live in these habitats have evolved in some species. Anolis heterodermus (Duméril, 1851) is an anole lizard that lives at high elevations in the Andes region. In this paper, we attempted to elucidate the thermoregulation strategy of a population of this species from the eastern cordillera of Colombia during wet and dry seasons. We measured body temperatures (Tb), operative temperatures (Te) and preferred temperatures (Tpref). Based on these data, we obtained accuracy ( b ), environmental thermal quality ( e ) and efficiency of thermoregulation (E) indexes. There were no significant differences of Tb or b between seasons, sexes, ages, and for Tpref between sexes or ages, but we found differences in Te and e between seasons. The indexes suggested high thermoregulatory accuracy, low thermal environment quality and indicated that A. heterodermus was an active thermoregulator in both seasons. Broad ranges of Tb and the species association with microhabitats with high solar radiation suggest eurythermy and heliothermy. Anolis heterodermus lives in a low thermal quality habitat, using exposed perches, which seems the most efficient thermal microhabitats. We concluded that A. heterodermus performed behavioral adjustment for compensating seasonal variation in the environmental thermal costs.
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Gallego-Carmona CA, Castro-Arango JA, Bernal-Bautista MH. Effect of Habitat Disturbance on the Body Condition Index of the Colombian Endemic LizardAnolis antonii(Squamata: Dactyloidae). SOUTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.2994/sajh-d-16-00020.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Rodríguez-Robles JA, Jezkova T, Fujita MK, Tolson PJ, García MA. Genetic divergence and diversity in the Mona and Virgin Islands Boas, Chilabothrus monensis (Epicrates monensis) (Serpentes: Boidae), West Indian snakes of special conservation concern. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2015; 88:144-53. [PMID: 25837733 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Habitat fragmentation reduces the extent and connectivity of suitable habitats, and can lead to changes in population genetic structure. Limited gene flow among isolated demes can result in increased genetic divergence among populations, and decreased genetic diversity within demes. We assessed patterns of genetic variation in the Caribbean boa Chilabothrus monensis (Epicrates monensis) using two mitochondrial and seven nuclear markers, and relying on the largest number of specimens of these snakes examined to date. Two disjunct subspecies of C. monensis are recognized: the threatened C. m. monensis, endemic to Mona Island, and the rare and endangered C. m. granti, which occurs on various islands of the Puerto Rican Bank. Mitochondrial and nuclear markers revealed unambiguous genetic differences between the taxa, and coalescent species delimitation methods indicated that these snakes likely are different evolutionary lineages, which we recognize at the species level, C. monensis and C. granti. All examined loci in C. monensis (sensu stricto) are monomorphic, which may indicate a recent bottleneck event. Each population of C. granti exclusively contains private mtDNA haplotypes, but five of the seven nuclear genes assayed are monomorphic, and nucleotide diversity is low in the two remaining markers. The faster pace of evolution of mtDNA possibly reflects the present-day isolation of populations of C. granti, whereas the slower substitution rate of nuDNA may instead mirror the relatively recent episodes of connectivity among the populations facilitated by the lower sea level during the Pleistocene. The small degree of overall genetic variation in C. granti suggests that demes of this snake could be managed as a single unit, a practice that would significantly increase their effective population size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A Rodríguez-Robles
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4004, USA.
| | - Tereza Jezkova
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4004, USA.
| | - Matthew K Fujita
- Department Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, 501 S. Nedderman Drive, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
| | - Peter J Tolson
- Department of Conservation and Research, The Toledo Zoo, P.O. Box 140130, Toledo, OH 43614-0130, USA.
| | - Miguel A García
- Bureau of Fisheries and Wildlife, Department of Natural and Environmental Resources, P.O. Box 366147, San Juan, PR 00936-6147, USA; Center for Applied Tropical Ecology and Conservation, University of Puerto Rico, P.O. Box 23341, Río Piedras, PR 00931-3341, USA.
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Vargas-Ramírez M, Moreno-Arias R. Unknown Evolutionary Lineages and Population Differentiation in Anolis heterodermus (Squamata: Dactyloidae) from the Eastern and Central Cordilleras of Colombia Revealed by DNA Sequence Data. SOUTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.2994/sajh-d-13-00013.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Vargas-Ramírez
- Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Dresden, A.B. Meyer Building, D-01109 Dresden, Germany
| | - Rafael Moreno-Arias
- Grupo de Biodiversidad y Sistemática Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Apartado 7495, Bogotá, Colombia
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