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Möller L, Vainstein Y, Wöhlbrand L, Dörries M, Meyer B, Sohn K, Rabus R. Transcriptome-proteome compendium of the Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba): Metabolic potential and repertoire of hydrolytic enzymes. Proteomics 2022; 22:e2100404. [PMID: 35778945 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202100404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba Dana) is a keystone species in the Southern Ocean that uses an arsenal of hydrolases for biomacromolecule decomposition to effectively digest its omnivorous diet. The present study builds on a hybrid-assembled transcriptome (13,671 ORFs) combined with comprehensive proteome profiling. The analysis of individual krill compartments allowed detection of significantly more different proteins compared to that of the entire animal (1,464 vs. 294 proteins). The nearby krill sampling stations in the Bransfield Strait (Antarctic Peninsula) yielded rather uniform proteome datasets. Proteins related to energy production and lipid degradation were particularly abundant in the abdomen, agreeing with the high energy demand of muscle tissue. A total of 378 different biomacromolecule hydrolysing enzymes were detected, including 250 proteases, 99 CAZymes, 14 nucleases and 15 lipases. The large repertoire in proteases is in accord with the protein-rich diet affiliated with E. superba's omnivorous lifestyle and complex biology. The richness in chitin-degrading enzymes allows not only digestion of zooplankton diet, but also the utilization of the discharged exoskeleton after moulting. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Möller
- General and Molecular Microbiology, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Yeheven Vainstein
- In-Vitro-Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology (IGB), Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lars Wöhlbrand
- General and Molecular Microbiology, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Marvin Dörries
- General and Molecular Microbiology, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.,Biodiversity Change, Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Bettina Meyer
- Biodiversity and Biological Processes in Polar Oceans, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.,Ecophysiology of Pelagic Key Species, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany.,Biodiversity Change, Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Kai Sohn
- In-Vitro-Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology (IGB), Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ralf Rabus
- General and Molecular Microbiology, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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2
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Hernandez-Cortes P. Bioinformatic Analysis of Substrate
Binding Sites in Decapod Brachyurin-C Collagenases. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093021010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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Rojo-Arreola L, García-Carreño F, Romero R, Díaz Dominguez L. Proteolytic profile of larval developmental stages of Penaeus vannamei: An activity and mRNA expression approach. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239413. [PMID: 32946520 PMCID: PMC7500676 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In arthropods, the cleavage of specific proteins by peptidases has pivotal roles in multiple physiological processes including oogenesis, immunity, nutrition, and parasitic infection. These enzymes are also key players in the larval development, and well-described triggers of molting and metamorphosis. In this work the peptidase complement throughout the larvae development of Penaeus vannamei was quantified at the transcript and activity level using qPCR and fluorogenic substrates designed to be hydrolyzed by class-specific peptidases respectively, providing a detailed identification of the proteolytic repertoire in P. vannamei larvae. Significant changes in the peptidase activity profile were observed. During the lecithotrophic naupliar instars, the dominant peptidase activity and expression derive from cysteine peptidases, suggesting that enzymes of this class hydrolyze the protein components of yolk as the primary amino acid source. At the first feeding instar, zoea, dominant serine peptidase activity was found where trypsin activity is particularly high, supporting previous observations that during zoea the breakdown of food protein is primarily enzymatic. At decapodid stages the peptidase expression and activity is more diverse indicating that a multienzyme network achieves food digestion. Our results suggest that proteolytic enzymes fulfill specific functions during P. vannamei larval development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rogelio Romero
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, México City, México
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4
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Martínez-Alarcón D, Saborowski R, Rojo-Arreola L, García-Carreño F. Is digestive cathepsin D the rule in decapod crustaceans? Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 215:31-38. [PMID: 29032300 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cathepsin D is an aspartic endopetidase with typical characteristics of lysosomal enzymes. Cathepsin D activity has been reported in the gastric fluid of clawed lobsters where it acts as an extracellular digestive enzyme. Here we investigate whether cathepsin D is unique in clawed lobsters or, instead, common in decapod crustaceans. Eleven species of decapods belonging to six infraorders were tested for cathepsin D activity in the midgut gland, the muscle tissue, the gills, and when technically possible, in the gastric fluid. Cathepsin D activity was present in the midgut gland of all 11 species and in the gastric fluid from the seven species from which samples could be taken. All sampled species showed higher activities in the midgut glands than in non-digestive organs and the activity was highest in the clawed lobster. Cathepsin D mRNA was obtained from tissue samples of midgut gland, muscle, and gills. Analyses of deduced amino acid sequence confirmed molecular features of lysosomal cathepsin D and revealed high similarity between the enzymes from Astacidea and Caridea on one side, and the enzymes from Penaeoidea, Anomura, and Brachyura on the other side. Our results support the presence of cathepsin D activity in the midgut glands and in the gastric fluids of several decapod species suggesting an extracellular function of this lysosomal enzyme. We discuss whether cathepsin D may derive from the lysosomal-like vacuoles of the midgut gland B-cells and is released into the gastric lumen upon secretion by these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Martínez-Alarcón
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), IPN 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz BCS 23096, Mexico; Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Reinhard Saborowski
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Liliana Rojo-Arreola
- CONACYT- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), IPN 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz BCS 23096, Mexico
| | - Fernando García-Carreño
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), IPN 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz BCS 23096, Mexico.
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5
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Pongsetkul J, Benjakul S, Sumpavapol P, Osako K, Faithong N. Characterization of Endogenous Protease and the Changes in Proteolytic Activity ofAcetes vulgarisandMacrobrachium lanchesteriDuringKapiProduction. J Food Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaksuma Pongsetkul
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry; Prince of Songkla University; Hat Yai Songkhla 90112 Thailand
| | - Soottawat Benjakul
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry; Prince of Songkla University; Hat Yai Songkhla 90112 Thailand
| | - Punnanee Sumpavapol
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry; Prince of Songkla University; Hat Yai Songkhla 90112 Thailand
| | - Kazufumi Osako
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology; 5-7 Konan 4 Minato-ku Tokyo 108-8477 Japan
| | - Nandhsha Faithong
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry; Prince of Songkla University; Hat Yai Songkhla 90112 Thailand
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Homaei A, Lavajoo F, Sariri R. Development of marine biotechnology as a resource for novel proteases and their role in modern biotechnology. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 88:542-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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7
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Kuepethkaew S, Sangkharak K, Benjakul S, Klomklao S. Laundry detergent-stable lipase from Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) hepatopancreas: Effect of extraction media and biochemical characterization. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2016.1180534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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8
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Bibo-Verdugo B, Rojo-Arreola L, Navarrete-del-Toro MA, García-Carreño F. A chymotrypsin from the Digestive Tract of California Spiny Lobster, Panulirus interruptus: Purification and Biochemical Characterization. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 17:416-427. [PMID: 25877639 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-015-9626-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A chymotrypsin was purified from the gastric juice of California spiny lobster (Panulirus interrutpus), using preparative electrophoresis and affinity chromatography on agarose-p-aminobenzamidine. The molecular mass was estimated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) under denaturing conditions to be 28 kDa. Chymotrypsin activity was totally inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) and chymostatin. Lobster chymotrypsin had optimal pH 7.0-8.0 and temperature of 55 °C. The enzyme is highly stable under a wide range of pH (retaining up to 80 % of activity after 1 h of incubation at pH 3.0, 5.0, and 12.0), showing higher stability at pH 8.0, and was inactivated after 20 min at 55 °C. Lobster chymotrypsin was able to hydrolyze protein substrates at as low as pH 3.0. These results are consistent with the findings of enzyme stability. Activity was assessed after incubation of enzyme with different organic solvents (in the range of 10-50 %); when tested in the presence of acetone, ethanol, propanol, and butanol, lobster chymotrypsin residual activity was >80 %; whereas in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and toluene, lobster chymotrypsin residual activity was <80 %. Deduced amino acid sequence, corroborated by mass spectrometry, was determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betsaida Bibo-Verdugo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Calle IPN 195, La Paz, B.C.S. 23096, Mexico
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9
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Navarrete-del-Toro MA, García-Carreño FL, Hernández-Cortés P, Molnár T, Gráf L. Biochemical characterisation of chymotrypsin from the midgut gland of yellowleg shrimp, Penaeus californiensis. Food Chem 2014; 173:147-55. [PMID: 25466006 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.09.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chymotrypsin from shrimp, Penaeus californiensis, was compared to Bos taurus chymotrypsin, and its structure-function relationship was studied. Catalytic efficiency toward synthetic substrate is lower, but it has a broad specificity and higher activity toward protein substrates, including collagen. It is active at pH 4-10 and fully active up to 50 °C for 2 h and at least nine days at room temperature. The activation peptide is twice as long as bovine chymotrypsinogen, has less disulfide bridges, and is a single polypeptide. Only one activation step is necessary from chymotrypsinogen to the mature enzyme. Postmortem implications in muscle softening and melanisation, resistance to temperature and pH and efficiency with proteinaceous substrates make chymotrypsin useful as a biotechnological tool in food processing. This makes shrimp processing wastes useful as a material for production of fine reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando L García-Carreño
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Calle IPN 195, La Paz, B.C.S. 23090, Mexico.
| | - Patricia Hernández-Cortés
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Calle IPN 195, La Paz, B.C.S. 23090, Mexico
| | - Tamas Molnár
- Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Gráf
- Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; Molecular Biophysics Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences-ELTE, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
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10
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RNA-Seq reveals the dynamic and diverse features of digestive enzymes during early development of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2014; 11:37-44. [PMID: 25090194 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), with high commercial value, has a typical metamorphosis pattern by going through embryo, nauplius, zoea, mysis and postlarvae during early development. Its diets change continually in this period, and a high mortality of larvae also occurs in this period. Since there is a close relationship between diets and digestive enzymes, a comprehensive investigation about the types and expression patterns of all digestive enzyme genes during early development of L. vannamei is of considerable significance for shrimp diets and larvae culture. Using RNA-Seq data, the types and expression characteristics of the digestive enzyme genes were analyzed during five different development stages (embryo, nauplius, zoea, mysis and postlarvae) in L. vannamei. Among the obtained 66,815 unigenes, 296 were annotated as 16 different digestive enzymes including five types of carbohydrase, seven types of peptidase and four types of lipase. Such a diverse suite of enzymes illustrated the capacity of L. vannamei to exploit varied diets to fit their nutritional requirements. The analysis of their dynamic expression patterns during development also indicated the importance of transcriptional regulation to adapt to the diet transition. Our study revealed the diverse and dynamic features of digestive enzymes during early development of L. vannamei. These results would provide support to better understand the physiological changes during diet transition.
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11
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Effects of temperature on microbial succession and metabolite change during saeu-jeot fermentation. Food Microbiol 2014; 38:16-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Senphan T, Benjakul S, Kishimura H. Characteristics and antioxidative activity of carotenoprotein from shells of Pacific white shrimp extracted using hepatopancreas proteases. FOOD BIOSCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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13
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Lee SH, Jung JY, Jeon CO. Microbial successions and metabolite changes during fermentation of salted shrimp (saeu-jeot) with different salt concentrations. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90115. [PMID: 24587230 PMCID: PMC3938600 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of salt concentration on saeu-jeot (salted shrimp) fermentation, four sets of saeu-jeot samples with 20%, 24%, 28%, and 32% salt concentrations were prepared, and the pH, bacterial and archaeal abundances, bacterial communities, and metabolites were monitored during the entire fermentation period. Quantitative PCR showed that Bacteria were much more abundant than Archaea in all saeu-jeot samples, suggesting that bacterial populations play more important roles than archaeal populations even in highly salted samples. Community analysis indicated that Vibrio, Photobacterium, Psychrobacter, Pseudoalteromonas, and Enterovibrio were identified as the initially dominant genera, and the bacterial successions were significantly different depending on the salt concentration. During the early fermentation period, Salinivibrio predominated in the 20% salted samples, whereas Staphylococcus, Halomonas, and Salimicrobium predominated in the 24% salted samples; eventually, Halanaerobium predominated in the 20% and 24% salted samples. The initially dominant genera gradually decreased as the fermentation progressed in the 28% and 32% salted samples, and eventually Salimicrobium became predominant in the 28% salted samples. However, the initially dominant genera still remained until the end of fermentation in the 32% salted samples. Metabolite analysis showed that the amino acid profile and the initial glycerol increase were similar in all saeu-jeot samples regardless of the salt concentration. After 30–80 days of fermentation, the levels of acetate, butyrate, and methylamines in the 20% and 24% salted samples increased with the growth of Halanaerobium, even though the amino acid concentrations steadily increased until approximately 80–107 days of fermentation. This study suggests that a range of 24–28% salt concentration in saeu-jeot fermentation is appropriate for the production of safe and tasty saeu-jeot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Hee Lee
- Department of Life Science, Research Center for Biomolecules and Biosystems, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Jung
- Department of Life Science, Research Center for Biomolecules and Biosystems, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Che Ok Jeon
- Department of Life Science, Research Center for Biomolecules and Biosystems, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Pesek J, Krüger T, Krieg N, Schiel M, Norgauer J, Großkreutz J, Rhode H. Native chromatographic sample preparation of serum, plasma and cerebrospinal fluid does not comprise a risk for proteolytic biomarker loss. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 923-924:102-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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15
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Rojo L, García-Carreño F, de Los Angeles Navarrete del Toro M. Cold-adapted digestive aspartic protease of the clawed lobsters Homarus americanus and Homarus gammarus: biochemical characterization. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2013; 15:87-96. [PMID: 22648335 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-012-9461-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Aspartic proteinases in the gastric fluid of clawed lobsters Homarus americanus and Homarus gammarus were isolated to homogeneity by single-step pepstatin-A affinity chromatography; such enzymes have been previously identified as cathepsin D-like enzymes based on their deduced amino acid sequence. Here, we describe their biochemical characteristics; the properties of the lobster enzymes were compared with those of its homolog, bovine cathepsin D, and found to be unique in a number of ways. The lobster enzymes demonstrated hydrolytic activity against synthetic and natural substrates at a wider range of pH; they were more temperature-sensitive, showed no changes in the K(M) value at 4°C, 10°C, and 25°C, and had 20-fold higher k(cat)/K(M) values than bovine enzyme. The bovine enzyme was temperature-dependent. We propose that both properties arose from an increase in molecular flexibility required to compensate for the reduction of reaction rates at low habitat temperatures. This is supported by the fast denaturation rates induced by temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Rojo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste-CIBNOR, Mar Bermejo 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz, B.C.S. 23096, Mexico
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16
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Duan Y, Liu P, Li J, Li J, Chen P. Immune gene discovery by expressed sequence tag (EST) analysis of hemocytes in the ridgetail white prawn Exopalaemon carinicauda. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 34:173-182. [PMID: 23092732 PMCID: PMC3542427 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The ridgetail white prawn Exopalaemon carinicauda is one of the most important commercial species in eastern China. However, little information of immune genes in E. carinicauda has been reported. To identify distinctive genes associated with immunity, an expressed sequence tag (EST) library was constructed from hemocytes of E. carinicauda. A total of 3411 clones were sequenced, yielding 2853 ESTs and the average sequence length is 436 bp. The cluster and assembly analysis yielded 1053 unique sequences including 329 contigs and 724 singletons. Blast analysis identified 593 (56.3%) of the unique sequences as orthologs of genes from other organisms (E-value < 1e-5). Based on the COG and Gene Ontology (GO), 593 unique sequences were classified. Through comparison with previous studies, 153 genes assembled from 367 ESTs have been identified as possibly involved in defense or immune functions. These genes are categorized into seven categories according to their putative functions in shrimp immune system: antimicrobial peptides, prophenoloxidase activating system, antioxidant defense systems, chaperone proteins, clottable proteins, pattern recognition receptors and other immune-related genes. According to EST abundance, the major immune-related genes were thioredoxin (141, 4.94% of all ESTs) and calmodulin (14, 0.49% of all ESTs). The EST sequences of E. carinicauda hemocytes provide important information of the immune system and lay the groundwork for development of molecular markers related to disease resistance in prawn species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, PR China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999 Huchenghuan Road, Lingang Harbor, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Ping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Jitao Li
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Ping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, PR China
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Chymotrypsin from the hepatopancreas of cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) with high activity in the hydrolysis of long chain peptide substrates: Purification and biochemical characterisation. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Rivera-Pérez C, del Toro MDLÁN, García-Carreño F. Purification and characterization of an intracellular lipase from pleopods of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 158:99-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2010.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Revised: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Rojo L, Muhlia-Almazan A, Saborowski R, García-Carreño F. Aspartic cathepsin D endopeptidase contributes to extracellular digestion in clawed lobsters Homarus americanus and Homarus gammarus. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2010; 12:696-707. [PMID: 20169386 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-010-9257-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Accepted: 01/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Acid digestive proteinases were studied in the gastric fluids of two species of clawed lobster (Homarus americanus and Homarus gammarus). An active protein was identified in both species as aspartic proteinase by specific inhibition with pepstatin A. It was confirmed as cathepsin D by mass mapping, N-terminal, and full-length cDNA sequencing. Both lobster species transcribed two cathepsin D mRNAs: cathepsin D1 and cathepsin D2. Cathepsin D1 mRNA was detected only in the midgut gland, suggesting its function as a digestive enzyme. Cathepsin D2 mRNA was found in the midgut gland, gonads, and muscle. The deduced amino acid sequence of cathepsin D1 and cathepsin D2 possesses two catalytic DTG active-site motifs, the hallmark of aspartic proteinases. The putatively active cathepsin D1 has a molecular mass of 36.4 kDa and a calculated pI of 4.14 and possesses three potential glycosylation sites. The sequences showed highest similarities with cathepsin D from insects but also with another crustacean cathepsin D. Cathepsin D1 transcripts were quantified during a starvation period using real-time qPCR. In H. americanus, 15 days of starvation did not cause significant changes, but subsequent feeding caused a 2.5-fold increase. In H. gammarus, starvation caused a 40% reduction in cathepsin D1 mRNA, and no effect was observed with subsequent feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Rojo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Mar Bermejo 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz, BCS 23096, Mexico
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Semenova SA, Rudenskaya GN, Lyutova LV, Nikitina OA. Isolation and properties of collagenolytic serine proteinase isoenzyme from king crab Paralithodes camtschatica. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2008; 73:1125-33. [DOI: 10.1134/s000629790810009x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Eakpetch P, Benjakul S, Visessanguan W, Kijroongrojana K. Autolysis of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) meat: characterization and the effects of protein additives. J Food Sci 2008; 73:S95-103. [PMID: 18298747 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00630.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Autolytic activity of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) mince in the absence and in the presence of 2.5%NaCl was investigated. Pacific white shrimp mince exhibited the maximum autolytic activity at 35 and 40 degrees C in the absence and in the presence of 2.5%NaCl, respectively, as evidenced by the highest TCA-soluble peptide content and the greatest disappearance of myosin heavy chain (MHC). The autolysis was more pronounced in the acidic pH values, followed by alkaline pH ranges. Pepstatin A showed the highest inhibition toward autolysis in the acidic condition, revealing that aspartic proteinase was dominant in shrimp muscle. Nevertheless, soybean trypsin inhibitor effectively inhibited the autolysis at neutral and alkaline pH values, suggesting that serine proteinase was present in shrimp mince but contributed to autolysis at a lower extent in shrimp meat. Autolysis in shrimp meat could be inhibited partially by all protein additives, including bovine plasma protein (BPP), egg white (EW), and whey protein concentrate (WPC). The inhibition of autolysis increased when the level of protein additives increased with the concomitant increase in band intensity of MHC retained. WPC and BPP in the range of 2% to 3% exhibited the highest inhibition toward autolysis of shrimp mince.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Eakpetch
- Dept. of Food Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla Univ., Hat Yai, 90112, Thailand
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22
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von Elert E, Agrawal MK, Gebauer C, Jaensch H, Bauer U, Zitt A. Protease activity in gut of Daphnia magna: evidence for trypsin and chymotrypsin enzymes. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2005; 137:287-96. [PMID: 15050516 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2003.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2003] [Revised: 11/20/2003] [Accepted: 11/21/2003] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Two major protease activities were present in gut homogenates of the cladoceran crustacean Daphnia magna: (i) a trypsin activity that hydrolysed the synthetic substrate N-benzoyl-dl-arginine p-nitroanilide and was strongly inhibited by N-p-tosyl-lysine chloroketone (TLCK) and 4-(amidinophenyl)methanesulfonyl fluoride (APMSF) and not inhibited by chymostatin; and (ii) a chymotrypsin activity that hydrolysed synthetic chymotrypsin substrates containing more than one amino acid, did not hydrolyse N-benzoyl-l-tyrosine p-nitroanilide, and was strongly inhibited by chymostatin and not by TLCK and APMSF. Both activities had alkaline pH optima (pH 7-10), but were shown to be due to distinct types of proteases. These two enzyme activities accounted for 75-83% of the proteolytic activity of gut contents. Substrate SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed nine different proteases ranging from 15 to 73 kDa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric von Elert
- Limnological Institute, University of Constance, 78434 Konstanz, Germany.
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HEU MINSOO, KIM JINSOO, SHAHIDI FEREIDOON, JEONG YOONHWA, JEON YOUJIN. EXTRACTION, FRACTIONATION AND ACTIVITY CHARACTERISTICS OF PROTEASES FROM SHRIMP PROCESSING DISCARDS. J Food Biochem 2003. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2003.tb00278.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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ALBUQUERQUE-CAVALCANTI CRISTIANE, GARCÍA-CARREÑO FERNANDOL, TORO MANGELESNAVARRETE. TRYPSIN AND TRYPSIN INHIBITORS FROM PENAEID SHRIMP. J Food Biochem 2002. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2002.tb00854.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Levine MZ, Harrison PJ, Walthall WW, Tai PC, Derby CD. A CUB-serine protease in the olfactory organ of the spiny lobster Panulirus argus. JOURNAL OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2001; 49:277-302. [PMID: 11745665 DOI: 10.1002/neu.10010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
csp, a gene encoding a protein with high sequence identity to trypsinlike serine protease and CUB domains, was identified from a cDNA library from the olfactory organ (antennular lateral flagellum) of the spiny lobster Panulirus argus. The full-length cDNA sequence of csp is 1801 bp, encoding a protein of 50.25 kD, with three domains: signal peptide, trypsinlike serine protease, and CUB (named for a class of compounds including Complement subcomponents Clr/Cls, Uegf, and Bone morphogenic protein-1). RT-PCR, Northern blots, and immunoblots showed that csp is predominantly expressed in the lateral flagellum and eyestalk. Immunocytochemistry showed that Csp is present in olfactory (aesthetasc) sensilla around auxiliary cells (glia that surround the inner dendrites of olfactory receptor neurons, ORNs) and ORN outer dendrites. We propose that Csp is expressed and secreted by auxiliary cells, associates with ORN cell membranes or extracellular matrix via the CUB domain, and has trypsinlike activity. In the eyestalk, Csp is associated with cells surrounding axons between neuropils of the eyestalk ganglia. Possible functions in the olfactory organ and eyestalk are discussed. To our knowledge, this is the first report from any olfactory system of a gene encoding a protein with serine protease and CUB domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Z Levine
- Department of Biology and Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
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Protease Activity and Partial Characterization of the Trypsin-Like Enzyme in the Digestive Tract of the Tropical SierraScomberomorus concolor. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2001. [DOI: 10.1300/j030v10n04_05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Shahidi F, Janak Kamil Y. Enzymes from fish and aquatic invertebrates and their application in the food industry. Trends Food Sci Technol 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-2244(02)00021-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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