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Irfan Z, Khanam S, Karmakar V, Firdous SM, El Khier BSIA, Khan I, Rehman MU, Khan A. Pathogenesis of Huntington's Disease: An Emphasis on Molecular Pathways and Prevention by Natural Remedies. Brain Sci 2022; 12:1389. [PMID: 36291322 PMCID: PMC9599635 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12101389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Huntington's disease is an inherited autosomal dominant trait neuro-degenerative disorder caused by changes (mutations) of a gene called huntingtin (htt) that is located on the short arm (p) of chromosome 4, CAG expansion mutation. It is characterized by unusual movements, cognitive and psychiatric disorders. OBJECTIVE This review was undertaken to apprehend biological pathways of Huntington's disease (HD) pathogenesis and its management by nature-derived products. Natural products can be lucrative for the management of HD as it shows protection against HD in pre-clinical trials. Advanced research is still required to assess the therapeutic effectiveness of the known organic products and their isolated compounds in HD experimental models. SUMMARY Degeneration of neurons in Huntington's disease is distinguished by progressive loss of motor coordination and muscle function. This is due to the expansion of CAG trinucleotide in the first exon of the htt gene responsible for neuronal death and neuronal network degeneration in the brain. It is believed that the factors such as molecular genetics, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroglia dysfunction, protein aggregation, and altered UPS leads to HD. The defensive effect of the natural product provides therapeutic efficacy against HD. Recent reports on natural drugs have enlightened the protective role against HD via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and neurofunctional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Irfan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Brainware University, Kolkata 700125, West Bengal, India
| | - Sofia Khanam
- Department of Pharmacology, Calcutta Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology & AHS, Howrah 711316, West Bengal, India
| | - Varnita Karmakar
- Department of Pharmacology, Eminent College of Pharmaceutical Technology, Barasat 700126, West Bengal, India
| | - Sayeed Mohammed Firdous
- Department of Pharmacology, Calcutta Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology & AHS, Howrah 711316, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Ilyas Khan
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muneeb U. Rehman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andleeb Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
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Xie L, Zhang T, Zheng L, Xie D, Jin J, Wang X, Jin Q. Chemical Compositions and Oxidative Stabilities of
Ginkgo biloba
Kernel Oils from Four Cultivated Regions in China. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Xie
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering Anhui Polytechnic University Wuhu 241000 China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Liyou Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Dan Xie
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering Anhui Polytechnic University Wuhu 241000 China
| | - Jun Jin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
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Zazharskyi VV, Davydenko PО, Kulishenko OМ, Borovik IV, Kabar AM, Brygadyrenko VV. Antibacterial and fungicidal effect of ethanol extracts from Juniperus sabina, Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Pseudotsuga menziesii and Cephalotaxus harringtonia. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.15421/022015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We determined a high antibacterial effect of ethanol extracts of four species of gymnosperms (Juniperus sabina, Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Pseudotsuga menziesii and Cephalotaxus harringtonia) against 23 strains of bacteria of families Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella typhimurium, S. adobraco, Proteus vulgaris, P. mirabilis, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella pneumoniae), Staphylococcaceae (Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis), Yersiniaceae (Yersinia enterocolitica), Bacillaceae (Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus), Listeriaceae (Listeria ivanovi, L. іnnocua, L. monocytogenes), Corynebacteriaceae (Corynebacterium xerosis), Campylobacteraceae (Campylobacter jejuni), Nocardiaceae (Rhodococcus equi), Pseudomonadaceae (Pseudomonas аeruginosa) and one strain of fungi of the Saccharomycetaceae family (Candida albicans). The experiment in vitro revealed zone of inhibition of growth of colonies, measuring over 8 mm, produced by ethanol extracts from J. sabina against seven species of bacteria (S. aureus, B. subtilis, B. cereus, L. іnnocua, C. xerosis, Rh. equi and P. аeruginosa), Ch. lawsoniana – against five species (E. coli, B. subtilis, L. іnnocua and Rh. equi), P. menziesii –two species (Rh. equi and P. mirabilis), C. harringtonia – ten species of microorganisms (E. coli, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, L. ivanovi, L. monocytogenes, C. xerosis, C. jejuni, P. vulgaris, S. marcescens and C. albicans). As a result of the research, the most promising plants for further in vivo study of antibacterial activity were C. harringtonia and J. sabina.
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Shukor NAA, Ablat A, Muhamad NA, Mohamad J. In vitro antioxidant and in vivo xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities of Pandanus amaryllifolius
in potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemic rats. Int J Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nur Afira Ahmad Shukor
- Faculty of Science; Institute of Biological Sciences; University of Malaya; 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaya
| | - Abdulwali Ablat
- Faculty of Science; Institute of Biological Sciences; University of Malaya; 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaya
| | - Nur Airina Muhamad
- Faculty of Science; Institute of Biological Sciences; University of Malaya; 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaya
| | - Jamaludin Mohamad
- Faculty of Science; Institute of Biological Sciences; University of Malaya; 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaya
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Sati P, Dhyani P, Bhatt ID, Pandey A. Ginkgo biloba flavonoid glycosides in antimicrobial perspective with reference to extraction method. J Tradit Complement Med 2018; 9:15-23. [PMID: 30671362 PMCID: PMC6335473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the effect of extraction method on the recovery of flavonoid glycosides, antimicrobials and antioxidants from Ginkgo leaves collected from six different locations in Uttarakhand, Indian Himalaya. Four extraction methods, namely maceration, reflux, shaker and soxhlet were considered, where reflux extracts showed higher antimicrobial antioxidant activity and higher content of flavonoid glycosides. The reference standards of Ginkgo flavonoid glycosides (quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin) and crude extracts were tested for their antimicrobial activity against gram positive and gram negative bacteria and fungi following disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). All the test microorganisms were observed to be inhibited significantly by Ginkgo flavonoids in plate based assays. Correlation coefficients exhibited the extent of contribution of flavonoid glycosides in antimicrobial activity and confirmed the reflux method as a potential method for extraction. Moreover, antioxidant activity as measured by DPPH assay was also found to be higher in reflux method. Significant variation (p < 0.05) in the flavonoid glycosides among the locations was also observed and sample collected from GB6 location was found to be the best for quercetin and isorhamnetin, while GB5 for kaempferol. Significant correlation (r < 0.05, r < 0.001) was obtained while developing the relationship between total flavonoid glycosides and antimicrobials. The present study, thus suggests the reflux method of extraction to be the best for maximum recovery of flavonoid glycosides with higher antioxidant and antimicrobial activities from Ginkgo extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sati
- Biotechnological Applications, G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora 263 643, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Praveen Dhyani
- Biotechnological Applications, G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora 263 643, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Indra Dutt Bhatt
- Biotechnological Applications, G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora 263 643, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anita Pandey
- Biotechnological Applications, G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora 263 643, Uttarakhand, India
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Zhang J, Yang S, Chen F, Li H, Chen B. Ginkgetin aglycone ameliorates LPS-induced acute kidney injury by activating SIRT1 via inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. Cell Biosci 2017; 7:44. [PMID: 28852469 PMCID: PMC5567569 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-017-0173-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ginkgetin aglycone (GA), a novel Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) by acid hydrolysis and recrystallization, is characterized by higher liposolubility and antioxidation than classical GBEs. There is no study depicting the functional role of GA in acute kidney injury (AKI). Here, we firstly reported the protective effect of GA on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced AKI and its underlying mechanism. Methods ELISA analysis was applied to measure plasma level of TNF-α and IL-6, and NF-κB activity in kidney homogenate. Renal function analysis was performed by detecting serum concentration of Kim-1 and urine level of BUN. Cell apoptosis in kidney tissues was detected by TUNEL assay and caspase-3 activity assay. qRT-PCR was conducted to determine mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and IκBα. Western blot was carried out to confirm expression of p-IκBα, SIRT1, and iNOS. Results GA administration protected mice from LPS-induced AKI by attenuating inflammatory response, renal injury, as well as tubular apoptosis both in vivo. GA suppressed inflammatory response induced by LPS in HK-2 cells. Moreover, GA upregulated SIRT1 expression and blocked the NF-κB signaling pathway in LPS-induced AKT in vivo and vitro. Furthermore, suppression of SIRT1 abated the inhibitory effect of GA on LPS-induced inflammatory response and renal injury. Conclusions GA prevented LPS-induced AKI by activating SIRT1 via inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway, providing new insights into the function and molecular mechanism of GA in AKI. Therefore, GA may be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of septic AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, No. 115, Gulou District, Kaifeng, 475000 China
| | - Suxia Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, No. 115, Gulou District, Kaifeng, 475000 China
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, No. 115, Gulou District, Kaifeng, 475000 China
| | - Huicong Li
- Department of Nephrology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, No. 115, Gulou District, Kaifeng, 475000 China
| | - Baoping Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, No. 115, Gulou District, Kaifeng, 475000 China
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Variation in Flavonoid Composition and Radical-Scavenging Activity inGinkgo bilobaL. due to the Growth Location and Time of Harvest. J FOOD QUALITY 2017. [DOI: 10.1155/2017/6840397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of our research is to investigate the qualitative and quantitative composition and antioxidant activity of flavonoids in leaf samples ofGinkgo bilobaL.(G. biloba)growing in Lithuania and also to provide practical recommendations for the pharmaceutical industry to determine the optimum harvesting time and growth location ofG. bilobaleaves. The obtained results indicate that the growth location and time of sample collection have a significant influence (p≤0.05) on the content of active compounds. July and August are the best months to harvestG. bilobaleaves for industry. To ensure the rational collection ofG. bilobaraw material, the location of plantations is recommended in the western and southwestern phytoregions. The obtained results also indicate that the flavonoid content inG. bilobaleaf has a significantly positive correlation (r=0.952,p≤0.001) with antioxidant activity. The aqueous acetonic extracts from green leaves scavenge radicals to a greater degree than those from yellowGinkgoleaves. The results of this investigation provide information regarding the most suitable Lithuanian growing location to produceG. bilobawith an optimized content of health-promoting compounds.
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Rimkiene L, Ivanauskas L, Kubiliene A, Vitkevicius K, Kiliuviene G, Jakstas V. Optimization of a CUPRAC-Based HPLC Postcolumn Assay and Its Applications for Ginkgo biloba L. Extracts. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2015; 2015:280167. [PMID: 26236538 PMCID: PMC4509493 DOI: 10.1155/2015/280167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to improve and validate the HPLC-CUPRAC postcolumn method for the evaluation of active antioxidant markers from the acetonic extracts of Ginkgo biloba leaves. Improvement of the HPLC online assay was performed by evaluating the suitable loop temperature, the reaction loop length, and the impact of flow rate. Separation of the analytes was performed by the HPLC method on an ACE C18 analytical column using a gradient elution program. The separated antioxidant markers in the extracts reacted with copper(II)-neocuproine (Cu(II)-Nc) reagent in the postcolumn reaction coil. The reagent was reduced by antioxidants to the copper(I)-neocuproine (Cu(I)-Nc) chelate with a maximum absorption at 450 nm. Validation experiments confirmed sufficient precision, sensitivity, and effectiveness of the corresponding method, which could be used for further evaluations of active antioxidant compounds in similar plant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rimkiene
- Department of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu Street 4, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Liudas Ivanauskas
- Department of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu Street 4, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Asta Kubiliene
- Department of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu Street 4, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Konradas Vitkevicius
- Department of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu Street 4, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Guoda Kiliuviene
- Department of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu Street 4, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Valdas Jakstas
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu Street 4, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Influence of Ginkgo biloba extracts and of their flavonoid glycosides fraction on the in vitro digestibility of emulsion systems. Food Hydrocoll 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2014.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Sati P, Pandey A, Rawat S, Rani A. Phytochemicals and antioxidants in leaf extracts of Ginkgo biloba with reference to location, seasonal variation and solvent system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jopr.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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PITARO S, FIORANI L, JORGE N. ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF BASIL AND OREGANO EXTRACTS ADDED TO SOYBEAN OIL FOR ACCELERATED STORAGE TEST. J Food Biochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2012.00653.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Maltas E, Yildiz S. Evaluation of Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activity of Ginkgo biloba from Turkey. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5567/pharmacologia.2012.113.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Antioxidant activity and protecting health effects of common medicinal plants. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2012; 67:75-139. [PMID: 23034115 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394598-3.00003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are traditionally used in folk medicine as natural healing remedies with therapeutic effects such as prevention of cardiovascular diseases, inflammation disorders, or reducing the risk of cancer. In addition, pharmacological industry utilizes medicinal plants due to the presence of active chemical substances as agents for drug synthesis. They are valuable also for food and cosmetic industry as additives, due to their preservative effects because of the presence of antioxidants and antimicrobial constituents. To commonly used medicinal plants with antioxidant activity known worldwide belong plants from several families, especially Lamiaceae (rosemary, sage, oregano, marjoram, basil, thyme, mints, balm), Apiaceae (cumin, fennel, caraway), and Zingiberaceae (turmeric, ginger). The antioxidant properties of medicinal plants depend on the plant, its variety, environmental conditions, climatic and seasonal variations, geographical regions of growth, degree of ripeness, growing practices, and many other factors such as postharvest treatment and processing. In addition, composition and concentration of present antioxidants, such as phenolic compounds, are related to antioxidant effect. For appropriate determination of antioxidant capacity, the extraction technique, its conditions, solvent used, and particular assay methodology are important.
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