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Sharifi M, Nourani N, Sanaie S, Hamedeyazdan S. The effect of Oenothera biennis (Evening primrose) oil on inflammatory diseases: a systematic review of clinical trials. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:89. [PMID: 38360611 PMCID: PMC10867995 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04378-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evening primrose oil (EPO), extracted from the seeds of Oenothera biennis, has gained attention for its therapeutic effects in various inflammatory conditions. METHOD We performed a systematic search in multiple databases and defined the inclusion criteria based on the following PICOs: P: Patients with a form of inflammatory condition, I: EPO, C: Placebo or other therapeutic interventions, O: changes in inflammatory markers or patients' symptoms; S: randomized controlled trials. The quality of the RCTs was evaluated using Cochrane's RoB tool. RESULTS Several conditions were investigated in the literature. In rheumatoid arthritis, mixed results were observed, with some studies reporting significant improvements in symptoms while others found no significant impact. EPO showed some results in diabetes mellitus, atopic eczema, menopausal hot flashes, and mastalgia. However, it did not demonstrate effectiveness in chronic hand dermatitis, tardive dyskinesia, psoriatic arthritis, cystic fibrosis, hepatitis B, premenstrual syndrome, contact lens-associated dry eyes, acne vulgaris, breast cyst, pre-eclampsia, psoriasis, or primary Sjogren's syndrome. Some results were reported from multiple sclerosis after EPO consumption. Studies in healthy volunteers indicated no significant effect of EPO on epidermal atrophy, nevertheless, positive effects on the skin regarding hydration and barrier function were achieved. CONCLUSION Some evidence regarding the potential benefits of EPO in inflammatory disorders were reported however caution is due to the limitations of the current survey. Overall, contemporary literature is highly heterogeneous and fails to provide strong recommendations regarding the efficacy of EPO on inflammatory disorders. Further high-quality studies are necessitated to draw more definite conclusions and establish O. biennis oil effectiveness as an assuring treatment option in alleviating inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melika Sharifi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nasim Nourani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sarvin Sanaie
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine in Aging, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Sanaz Hamedeyazdan
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine in Aging, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Soendjaja V, Girard AL. Effects of plant polyphenols on lipid oxidation in pea and soy protein solutions. Food Chem 2024; 433:137340. [PMID: 37666122 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Significant lipid-derived off-flavors hinder broader acceptance and applicability of plant protein ingredients. Polyphenols are strong antioxidants and can react with protein and carbonyl compounds to reduce oxidative off-flavor development. The effects of polyphenols (catechin, tannic acid (TA), grape seed extract (GSE), and green tea extract (GTE)) on lipid oxidation in pea and soy protein solutions were investigated. All polyphenols reduced lipid oxidation products and volatile compound concentration versus their respective controls. TA, GSE, and GTE reduced the secondary products in pea and soy proteins by an average of 75 % and 50 %, respectively, versus controls, compared to catechin's 61 % and 13 %, respectively. The chemical structures of TA, GSE, and GTE likely allowed them to interact more effectively than catechin with proteins, especially lipoxygenase. However, no significant differences between the polyphenols' antioxidant capacities were observed. Thus, polyphenols predominantly reduced lipid oxidation via interactions with proteins, rather than electron transfer or radical quenching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Soendjaja
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Audrey L Girard
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Therapeutic Efficacy of Urtica dioica and Evening Primrose in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. J Herb Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2022.100556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Shawky EM, Elgindi MR, Ibrahim HA, Baky MH. The potential and outgoing trends in traditional, phytochemical, economical, and ethnopharmacological importance of family Onagraceae: A comprehensive review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 281:114450. [PMID: 34314807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Onagraceae is a widely distributed family of flowering plants comprises about 17 genera and more than 650 species of herbs, shrubs, and trees. Onagraceae also common as willowherb family or evening primrose family is divided into two subfamilies; Ludwigioideae (mainly genus; Ludwigia) and Onagroideae. Family Onagraceae is characterized by its numerous traditional uses as treatment of hormonal imbalances, urinary system ailments, prostate health maintenance, and antimicrobial effects. AIM OF THE STUDY This review aims to introduce a holistic overview on the phytochemical composition, economical importance and ethnopharmacological value of different species of family Onagraceae. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature review was performed using different data bases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Reaxys searching for articles focused on phytochemical composition, bioactivity and ethnopharmacological history of Onagraceae species. RESULTS Different species of Onagraceae were reported to have a great variety of phytochemicals including flavonoids, tannins, phenolic acids, triterpenoids, saponins, and volatile/fixed oils. Onagraceae exhibited several health benefits and pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, antiarthritic and analgesic, antioxidant, cytotoxic, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial. CONCLUSIONS Family Onagraceae is an extremely important family with diverse phytochemical composition which enriches their pharmacological importance and hence it's commercial and economical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enas M Shawky
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University. Badr City, 11829, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed R Elgindi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Haitham A Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mostafa H Baky
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University. Badr City, 11829, Cairo, Egypt.
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Herbal Additives Substantially Modify Antioxidant Properties and Tocopherol Content of Cold-Pressed Oils. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050781. [PMID: 34069017 PMCID: PMC8157206 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine combinations of base oils and herbal additives with a view to obtaining macerates with improved health benefits. Base oils were cold-pressed from the seeds of black cumin, borage, evening primrose, safflower, walnut, common hazel, and oilseed rape, as well as the flesh of sea-buckthorn fruits. They were then supplemented with herbs, including basil, thyme, and sage, in order to create macerates. Total antioxidant activity and tocopherol level were analyzed in oils, macerates, and oil cakes. Additionally, chemical properties of oil cakes—such as the level of fibre, vitamin C, β-carotene, and lutein—were also examined. Supplementation with herbs caused diversified effects on antioxidant activity and tocopherol level in macerates depending on the base oil, herb, and supplementation method. The obtained results indicate that tocopherol level does not play a decisive role in determining the antioxidant properties of oils, macerates, and oil cakes, suggesting significant involvement of other antioxidants. Among the tested macerates, the most promising one seems to be oilseed rape oil enriched with sage or basil to maximize its health benefits. The study can serve as a starting point for the development and implementation of functional macerates and oil cakes in healthy nutrition.
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Effect of the Oral Administration of Common Evening Primrose Sprout ( Oenothera biennis L.) Extract on Skin Function Improvement in UVB-irradiated Hairless Mice. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14030222. [PMID: 33800871 PMCID: PMC8000621 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the studies on common evening primrose (Oenothera biennis L.) are focused on its oils (isolated from seed, root, and stem tissues). We aimed to investigate the effect of the oral administration of OBS-E on the improvement of skin function in skin-damaged hairless mice exposed to excessive ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation owing to the preliminary in vitro findings regarding the antioxidant, anti-wrinkle, and skin moisturizing activities of OBS-E. OBS-E administration for 14 weeks did not significantly affect the body weight or clinical signs. Significant reductions were observed in wrinkle parameters (area, number, length, and depth, and metalloproteinase levels) in OBS-E-administered mice compared with those in UVB-irradiated control mice. OBS-E significantly increased skin elasticity and hyaluronic acid content, but it significantly decreased transepidermal water loss. Histomorphometrical analysis revealed that OBS-E significantly reduced the epidermal thickness, area of the collagen-occupied region, and number of microfolds and inflammatory and mast cells. These results demonstrate that OBS-E can effectively enhance skin functions in terms of ameliorating wrinkle formation, promoting skin-moisturization, enhancing skin barrier function, and inhibiting inflammatory reactions. The obtained results provide good starting point for the continuation in the process of developing new inner beauty products based on OBS-E.
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In Vitro Anti-Wrinkle and Skin-Moisturizing Effects of Evening Primrose (Oenothera biennis) Sprout and Identification of Its Active Components. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9010145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Oenothera biennis sprout extract (OBS-E) on skin-function improvement in an in vitro system and to identify its pharmaceutically active components. OBS-E showed antioxidant ability in radical scavenging and reducing power assays, significantly inhibited matrix metalloproteinases-1 and -2, and increased the production of type I collagen, indicating its anti-wrinkle activity. Furthermore, OBS-E significantly increased the level of hyaluronic acid (HA) and the expression of moisturizing genes, such as hyaluronic acid synthase 2 (HAS2) and aquaporin 3 (AQP3), indicating it is effective in enhancing skin hydration. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS) analyses showed that OBS-E contained high levels of polyphenolic acids, such as gallic acid and ellagic acid, in addition to flavonoid glycosides, such as luteolin 7-glucuronide and quercetin 3-glucuronide. Our results suggest that these major phytochemicals are likely to play crucial roles in the expression of antioxidant, anti-wrinkle, and moisturizing activities of OBS-E.
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Kim TH, Shin HY, Park SY, Kim H, Chung DK. Development and Validation of a Method for Determining the Quercetin-3- O-glucuronide and Ellagic Acid Content of Common Evening Primrose ( Oenothera biennis) by HPLC-UVD. Molecules 2021; 26:E267. [PMID: 33430409 PMCID: PMC7827709 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Toward the standardization of common evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) sprout extract (OBS-E), we aimed to obtain indicator compounds and use a validated method. HPLC-UVD allowed simultaneous quantification of the indicator compounds quercetin-3-O-glucuronide and ellagic acid. The method was validated in terms of specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, and limit of detection/limit of quantification (LOD/LOQ). High specificity and linearity was demonstrated, with correlation coefficients of 1.0000 for quercetin-3-O-glucuronide and 0.9998 for ellagic acid. The LOD/LOQ values were 0.486/1.472 μg/mL for quercetin-3-O-glucuronide and 1.003/3.039 μg/mL for ellagic acid. Intra-day and inter-day variability tests produced relative standard deviation for each compound of <2%, a generally accepted precision criterion. High recovery rate were also obtained, indicating accuracy validation. The OBS-E prepared using various concentrations of ethanol were then analyzed. The 50% ethanol extract had highest content of quercetin-3-O-glucuronide, whereas the 70% ethanol extract possessed the lowest. However, the ellagic acid content was highest in the 70% ethanol extract and lowest in the 90% ethanol extract. Thus, quercetin-3-O-glucuronide and ellagic acid can be used industrially as indicator compounds for O. biennis sprout products, and our validated method can be used to establish indicator compounds for other natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Heon Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Institute of Life Science and Resources, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero 1732, Giheung-gu, Yongin 17104, Korea;
| | - Hyun Young Shin
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Soon Yeong Park
- Dain Natural Co., Ltd., 130-33, Gasong-ro, Pungse-myeon, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan 31216, Korea;
| | - Hoon Kim
- Skin-Biotechnology Center, Kyung Hee University, Gwanggyo-ro 147, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16229, Korea
| | - Dae Kyun Chung
- Skin-Biotechnology Center, Kyung Hee University, Gwanggyo-ro 147, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16229, Korea
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero 1732, Giheung-gu, Yongin 17104, Korea
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Mahalingam R. Analysis of the Barley Malt Rootlet Proteome. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:E179. [PMID: 31887991 PMCID: PMC6981388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Barley seeds are one of the main ingredients of the malting industry for brewing beer. The barley rootlets that are separated from the kilned seeds at the end of the malting process and used as animal feed are one of the byproducts of this industry. In this study, the proteome of rootlets derived from two stages of the malting process, germination and kilning, from a popular malting barley variety were analyzed. A label-free shotgun proteomics strategy was used to identify more than 800 proteins from the barley rootlets. A high coverage and high confidence Gene Ontology annotations of the barley genome was used to facilitate the functional annotation of the proteins that were identified in the rootlets. An analysis of these proteins using Kellogg Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Plant Reactome databases indicated the enrichment of pathways associated with phytohormones, protein biosynthesis, secondary metabolism, and antioxidants. Increased levels of jasmonic acid and auxin in the rootlets further supported the in silico analysis. As a rich source of proteins and amino acids use of these by-products of the malting industry for animal feed is validated. This study also indicates rootlets as a potential source of naturally occurring phenylpropanoids and antioxidants that can be further exploited in the development of functional foods.
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Pająk P, Socha R, Broniek J, Królikowska K, Fortuna T. Antioxidant properties, phenolic and mineral composition of germinated chia, golden flax, evening primrose, phacelia and fenugreek. Food Chem 2018; 275:69-76. [PMID: 30724250 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.09.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Seeds and sprouts are of considerable interest due to their numerous pro-health benefits. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of germination on the mineral composition (performed by flame absorption atomic spectroscopy), total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, as well as phenolic profiles (before and after alkaline hydrolysis by high-performance liquid chromatography) of chia, golden flax, evening primrose, phacelia and fenugreek seeds. Generally, significant (p < 0.05) changes in the individual minerals composition of the seeds, improvement of their antioxidant properties, as well as increase in levels of individual phenolic compounds was found after seeds germination. Alkaline hydrolysis allowed to release free forms of phenolics and to confirm (chromatographically) their significantly higher amounts when compared to the nonhydrolyzed fraction. Gallic, protocatechuic, caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic and sinapic acids, as well as quercetin and kaempferol were identified in analyzed seeds and sprouts. Sprouts exhibited better nutritional values than their un-germinated forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Pająk
- Department of Food Analysis and Evaluation of Food Quality, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Balicka Str. 122, 30-149 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Robert Socha
- Department of Food Analysis and Evaluation of Food Quality, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Balicka Str. 122, 30-149 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Joanna Broniek
- Department of Food Analysis and Evaluation of Food Quality, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Balicka Str. 122, 30-149 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Karolina Królikowska
- Department of Food Analysis and Evaluation of Food Quality, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Balicka Str. 122, 30-149 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Teresa Fortuna
- Department of Food Analysis and Evaluation of Food Quality, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Balicka Str. 122, 30-149 Kraków, Poland.
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Munir R, Semmar N, Farman M, Ahmad NS. An updated review on pharmacological activities and phytochemical constituents of evening primrose (genus Oenothera ). Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Sielicka M, Małecka M. Enhancement of Oxidative Stability of Flaxseed Oil Through Flaxseed, Evening Primrose and Black Cumin Cake Extracts. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sielicka
- Department of Food Commodity Science; Poznan University of Economics and Business; Al. Niepodleglosci 10 Poznan 61-875 Poland
| | - Maria Małecka
- Department of Food Commodity Science; Poznan University of Economics and Business; Al. Niepodleglosci 10 Poznan 61-875 Poland
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Phenolics and polyphenolics in foods, beverages and spices: Antioxidant activity and health effects – A review. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1440] [Impact Index Per Article: 160.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Utrera M, Estévez M. Impact of trolox, quercetin, genistein and gallic acid on the oxidative damage to myofibrillar proteins: The carbonylation pathway. Food Chem 2013; 141:4000-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.06.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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15
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Bamford JTM, Ray S, Musekiwa A, van Gool C, Humphreys R, Ernst E. Oral evening primrose oil and borage oil for eczema. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013; 2013:CD004416. [PMID: 23633319 PMCID: PMC8105655 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd004416.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eczema is a chronic inflammatory skin condition, which usually develops in early childhood. Many children outgrow this disorder as they reach secondary school age, and although It may improve with age, there is no cure. Constant itch makes life uncomfortable for those with this condition, no matter what age they are, so it may have a significant effect on a person's quality of life. Its prevalence seems to be increasing as populations move from rural locations to cities. Some people, who do not see an adequate improvement or fear side-effects of conventional medical products, try complementary alternatives to conventional treatment. This is a review of evening primrose oil (EPO) and borage oil (BO) taken orally (by mouth); these have been thought to be beneficial because of their gamma-linolenic acid content. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of oral evening primrose oil or borage oil for treating the symptoms of atopic eczema. SEARCH METHODS We searched the following databases up to August 2012: Cochrane Skin Group Specialised Register, CENTRAL in The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE (from 1946), EMBASE (from 1974), AMED (from 1985), and LILACS (from 1982). We also searched online trials registers and checked the bibliographies of included studies for further references to relevant trials. We corresponded with trial investigators and pharmaceutical companies to try to identify unpublished and ongoing trials. We performed a separate search for adverse effects of evening primrose oil and borage oil in November 2011. SELECTION CRITERIA All randomised controlled, parallel, or cross-over trials investigating oral intake of evening primrose oil or borage oil for eczema. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently applied eligibility criteria, assessed risk of bias, and extracted data. We pooled dichotomous outcomes using risk ratios (RR), and continuous outcomes using the mean difference (MD). Where possible, we pooled study results using random-effects meta-analysis and tested statistical heterogeneity using both the Chi(²) test and the I(²) statistic test. We presented results using forest plots with 95% confidence intervals (CI). MAIN RESULTS A total of 27 studies (1596 participants) met the inclusion criteria: 19 studies assessed evening primrose oil, and 8 studies assessed borage oil. For EPO, a meta-analysis of results from 7 studies showed that EPO failed to significantly increase improvement in global eczema symptoms as reported by participants on a visual analogue scale of 0 to 100 (MD -2.22, 95% CI -10.48 to 6.04, 176 participants, 7 trials) and a visual analogue scale of 0 to 100 for medical doctors (MD -3.26, 95% CI -6.96 to 0.45, 289 participants, 8 trials) compared to the placebo group.Treatment with BO also failed to significantly improve global eczema symptoms compared to placebo treatment as reported by both participants and medical doctors, although we could not conduct a meta-analysis as studies reported results in different ways. With regard to the risk of bias, the majority of studies were of low risk of bias; we judged 67% of the included studies as having low risk of bias for random sequence generation; 44%, for allocation concealment; 59%, for blinding; and 37%, for other biases. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Oral borage oil and evening primrose oil lack effect on eczema; improvement was similar to respective placebos used in trials. Oral BO and EPO are not effective treatments for eczema.In these studies, along with the placebos, EPO and BO have the same, fairly common, mild, transient adverse effects, which are mainly gastrointestinal.The short-term studies included here do not examine possible adverse effects of long-term use of EPO or BO. A case report warned that if EPO is taken for a prolonged period of time (more than one year), there is a potential risk of inflammation, thrombosis, and immunosuppression; another study found that EPO may increase bleeding for people on Coumadin® (warfarin) medication. IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH Noting that the confidence intervals between active and placebo treatment are narrow, to exclude the possibility of any clinically useful difference, we concluded that further studies on EPO or BO for eczema would be hard to justify.This review does not provide information about long-term use of these products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel T M Bamford
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, Minnesota, USA.
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QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF BIOLOGICALY ACTIVE POLYPHENOLS IN EVENING PRIMROSE (OENOTHERA PARADOXA) SEEDS AQUEOUS EXTRACTS. POL J FOOD NUTR SCI 2011. [DOI: 10.2478/v10222-011-0011-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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El-Ghorab A, Shibamoto T, ÖZCAN MM. Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activities of Buds and Leaves of Capers (Capparis ovataDesf. var.canescens) Cultivated in Turkey. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2007.9699233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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18
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Lo K, Cheung PC. Antioxidant activity of extracts from the fruiting bodies of Agrocybe aegerita var. alba. Food Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Schmidt Š, Niklová I, Pokorný J, Farkaš P, Sekretár S. Antioxidant activity of evening primrose phenolics in sunflower and rapeseed oils. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200300842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Boehm K, Pittler MH, Wilson N, van Gool C, Humphreys R, Ernst E. Oral evening primrose oil and borage oil for atopic eczema. THE COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd004416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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21
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Phenolic acids of borage (Borago officinalis
L.) and evening primrose (Oenothera biennis
L.). J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-002-0484-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Park PJ, Jung WK, Nam KS, Shahidi F, Kim SK. Purification and characterization of antioxidative peptides from protein hydrolysate of lecithin-free egg yolk. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-001-0321-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pyo-Jam Park
- ; Department of Chemistry; Pukyong National University; 608-737 Pusan Korea
| | - Won-Kyo Jung
- ; Department of Chemistry; Pukyong National University; 608-737 Pusan Korea
| | - Kyung-Soo Nam
- ; Laboratory of Pharmacology, College of Medicine; University of Dongguk; 780-714 Kyoungju Korea
| | - F. Shahidi
- ; Department of Biochemistry; Memorial University of Newfoundland; A1A 3X9 St. John's Canada
| | - Se-Kwon Kim
- ; Department of Chemistry; Pukyong National University; 608-737 Pusan Korea
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Niklová I, Schmidt Š, Habalová K, Sekretár S. Effect of evening primrose extracts on oxidative stability of sunflower and rapeseed oils. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1438-9312(200105)103:5<299::aid-ejlt299>3.0.co;2-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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