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Li XH, Huang P, Cheng HP, Zhou Y, Feng DD, Yue SJ, Han Y, Luo ZQ. NMDAR activation attenuates the protective effect of BM-MSCs on bleomycin-induced ALI via the COX-2/PGE 2 pathway. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23723. [PMID: 38205313 PMCID: PMC10776937 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor (NMDAR) activation mediates glutamate (Glu) toxicity and involves bleomycin (BLM)-induced acute lung injury (ALI). We have reported that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are NMDAR-regulated target cells, and NMDAR activation inhibits the protective effect of BM-MSCs on BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis, but its effect on ALI remains unknown. Here, we found that Glu release was significantly elevated in plasma of mice at d 7 after intratracheally injected with BLM. BM-MSCs were pretreated with NMDA (the selective agonist of NMDAR) and transplanted into the recipient mice after the BLM challenge. BM-MSCs administration significantly alleviated the pathological changes, inflammatory response, myeloperoxidase activity, and malondialdehyde content in the damaged lungs, but NMDA-pretreated BM-MSCs did not ameliorate BLM-induced lung injury in vivo. Moreover, NMDA down-regulated prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) secretion and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression instead of COX-1 expression in BM-MSCs in vitro. We also found that NMDAR1 expression was increased and COX-2 expression was decreased, but COX-1 expression was not changed in primary BM-MSCs of BLM-induced ALI mice. Further, the cultured supernatants of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-pretreated RAW264.7 macrophages were collected to detect inflammatory factors after co-culture with NMDA-pretreated BM-MSCs. The co-culture experiments showed that NMDA precondition inhibited the anti-inflammatory effect of BM-MSCs on LPS-induced macrophage inflammation, and PGE2 could partially alleviate this inhibition. Our findings suggest that NMDAR activation attenuated the protective effect of BM-MSCs on BLM-induced ALI in vivo. NMDAR activation inhibited COX-2 expression and PGE2 secretion in BM-MSCs and weakened the anti-inflammatory effect of BM-MSCs on LPS-induced macrophage inflammation in vitro. In conclusion, NMDAR activation attenuates the protective effect of BM-MSCs on BLM-induced ALI via the COX-2/PGE2 pathway. Keywords: Acute Lung Injury, BM-MSCs, NMDA receptor, COX-1/2, PGE2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hong Li
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Pu Huang
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Health Management Center, Changsha Central Hospital Affiliated to Nanhua University, Changsha, 410018, China
| | - Hai-Peng Cheng
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Dan-Dan Feng
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Shao-Jie Yue
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yang Han
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Zi-Qiang Luo
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
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He S, Peng H, Wu M, Yan C, Wan J, Ye X, Zhang H, Ding S. Combined exposure to multiwalled carbon nanotubes and dibutyl phthalates aggravated airway inflammation in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 182:114188. [PMID: 37967788 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Previous work has shown that mice exposed to dibutyl phthalate (DBP) adsorbed onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), via tail vein injection, displayed black lesions in their lungs. To investigate the mechanism causing this toxicity in the lung tissue, we performed an experiment with rats, exposing them to DBP adsorbed onto MWCNTs via a tail vein injection for 14 days. The results revealed pulmonary edema and greyish-black lung tissue in the MWCNTs and the MWCNTs + DBP combined exposure groups. In the combined exposure group there was evident alveolar fragmentation and adhesion, and lung tissue sections showed significant levels of black particles. Sections of the non-cartilaginous region of the trachea had significant folding of the pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium and marked thickening of the submucosa. In broncho alveolar lavage fluid, the number of leukocytes (WBC), lymphocytes (Lym), neutrophils (Neu), and eosinophils (Eos), as well as levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) were all significantly higher. TNF-α, IL-6, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) mRNA expression were all elevated in the lung tissue. The combined exposure group, which had considerable airway remodeling, had a greater degree of tracheal constriction and luminal narrowing, according to the results of the α-SMA immunofluorescence assay. According to these experimental findings, the exposure to both MWCNTs and DBP seemed to have a synergistic effect and exacerbated rats' impaired respiratory function that resulted from exposure to MWCNTs alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suli He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Haiyan Peng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Min Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Chao Yan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Jian Wan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Ye
- Liquor Marking Biological Technology and Application of Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Hongmao Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Shumao Ding
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China.
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Recent advances in ginsenosides against respiratory diseases: Therapeutic targets and potential mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114096. [PMID: 36502752 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory diseases mainly include asthma, influenza, pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary hypertension, lung fibrosis, and lung cancer. Given their high prevalence and poor prognosis, the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases are increasingly essential. In particular, the development for the novel strategies of drug treatment has been a hot topic in the research field. Ginsenosides are the major component of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (ginseng), a food homology and well-known medicinal herb. In this review, we summarize the current therapeutic effects and molecular mechanisms of ginsenosides in respiratory diseases. METHODS The reviewed studies were retrieved via a thorough analysis of numerous articles using electronic search tools including Sci-Finder, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Web of Science. The following keywords were used for the online search: ginsenosides, asthma, influenza, pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary hypertension (PH), lung fibrosis, lung cancer, and clinical trials. We summarized the findings and the conclusions from 176 manuscripts on ginsenosides, including research articles and reviews. RESULTS Ginsenosides Rb1, Rg1, Rg3, Rh2, and CK, which are the most commonly reported ginsenosides for treating of respiratory diseases, and other ginsenosides such as Rh1, Rk1, Rg5, Rd and Re, all primarily reduce pneumonia, fibrosis, and inhibit tumor progression by targeting NF-κB, TGF-β/Smad, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and JNK pathways, thereby ameliorating respiratory diseases. CONCLUSION This review provides novel ideas and important aspects for the future research of ginsenosides for treating respiratory diseases.
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Xu A, Wen ZH, Su SX, Chen YP, Liu WC, Guo SQ, Li XF, Zhang X, Li R, Xu NB, Wang KX, Li WX, Guan DG, Duan CZ. Elucidating the Synergistic Effect of Multiple Chinese Herbal Prescriptions in the Treatment of Post-stroke Neurological Damage. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:784242. [PMID: 35355727 PMCID: PMC8959705 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.784242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been widely used in the treatment of human diseases. However, the synergistic effects of multiple TCM prescriptions in the treatment of stroke have not been thoroughly studied. Objective of the study: This study aimed to reveal the mechanisms underlying the synergistic effects of these TCM prescriptions in stroke treatment and identify the active compounds. Methods: Herbs and compounds in the Di-Tan Decoction (DTD), Xue-Fu Zhu-Yu Decoction (XFZYD), and Xiao-Xu-Ming Decoction (XXMD) were acquired from the TCMSP database. SEA, HitPick, and TargetNet web servers were used for target prediction. The compound-target (C-T) networks of three prescriptions were constructed and then filtered using the collaborative filtering algorithm. We combined KEGG enrichment analysis, molecular docking, and network analysis approaches to identify active compounds, followed by verification of these compounds with an oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) model. Results: The filtered DTD network contained 39 compounds and 534 targets, the filtered XFZYD network contained 40 compounds and 508 targets, and the filtered XXMD network contained 55 compounds and 599 targets. The filtered C-T networks retained approximately 80% of the biological functions of the original networks. Based on the enriched pathways, molecular docking, and network analysis results, we constructed a complex network containing 3 prescriptions, 14 botanical drugs, 26 compounds, 13 targets, and 5 pathways. By calculating the synergy score, we identified the top 5 candidate compounds. The experimental results showed that quercetin, baicalin, and ginsenoside Rg1 independently and synergistically increased cell viability. Conclusion: By integrating pharmacological and chemoinformatic approaches, our study provides a new method for identifying the effective synergistic compounds of TCM prescriptions. The filtered compounds and their synergistic effects on stroke require further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, National Key Clinical Specialty/Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Neurosurgery Institute, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuo-Hua Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, National Key Clinical Specialty/Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Neurosurgery Institute, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Xing Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, National Key Clinical Specialty/Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Neurosurgery Institute, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Peng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Chao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, National Key Clinical Specialty/Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Neurosurgery Institute, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shen-Quan Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, National Key Clinical Specialty/Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Neurosurgery Institute, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi-Feng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, National Key Clinical Specialty/Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Neurosurgery Institute, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, National Key Clinical Specialty/Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Neurosurgery Institute, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ran Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, National Key Clinical Specialty/Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Neurosurgery Institute, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning-Bo Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, National Key Clinical Specialty/Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Neurosurgery Institute, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke-Xin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Xing Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dao-Gang Guan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuan-Zhi Duan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, National Key Clinical Specialty/Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Neurosurgery Institute, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Functional NMDA receptors are expressed by human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8205. [PMID: 33859248 PMCID: PMC8050278 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87667-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are widely expressed in the central nervous system. However, their presence and function at extraneuronal sites is less well characterized. In the present study, we examined the expression of NMDA receptor subunit mRNA and protein in human pulmonary artery (HPA) by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. We demonstrate that both GluN1 and GluN2 subunit mRNAs are expressed in HPA. In addition, GluN1 and GluN2 (A–D) subunit proteins are expressed by human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs) in vitro and in vivo. These subunits localize on the surface of HPASMCs and form functional ion channels as evidenced by whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology and reduced phenylephrine-induced contractile responsiveness of human pulmonary artery by the NMDA receptor antagonist MK801 under hypoxic condition. HPASMCs also express high levels of serine racemase and vesicular glutamate transporter 1, suggesting a potential source of endogenous agonists for NMDA receptor activation. Our findings show HPASMCs express functional NMDA receptors in line with their effect on pulmonary vasoconstriction, and thereby suggest a novel therapeutic target for pharmacological modulations in settings associated with pulmonary vascular dysfunction.
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Duan X, Yan F, Hu H, Liu H, Wu Q, Sun S, Ming X, Bu X, He Y, Zhu H. Qiliqiangxin Protects against Renal Injury in Rat with Cardiorenal Syndrome Type I through Regulating the Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Signaling. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:1178-1185. [PMID: 30068867 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a frequently encountered clinical condition when the dysfunction of either the heart or kidneys amplifies the failure progression of the other organ. CRS remains a major global health problem. Qiliqiangxin (QLQX) is a traditional Chinese herbs medication, which can improve cardiac function, urine volume, and subjective symptoms in patients with chronic heart failure. In the present study, we aim to investigate the role of QLQX in the treatment of CRS type I and the possible mechanism through establishment of a rat model of myocardial infarction. Rats in CRS-Q group were orally treated with QLQX daily for 2 weeks or 4 weeks, while in sham group and CRS-C group were treated with saline at the same time. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis showed that QLQX significantly reduced the levels of angiotensin II (AngII), brain natriuretic peptides (BNP), creatinine (CRE), cystatin C (CysC), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, microalbuminuria (MAU), and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in plasma induced by myocardial infarction. Western blot analysis showed that QLQX significantly reduced the expressions of AngII, non-phagocytic cell oxidase (NOX)2, and B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)2 associated X protein (Bax), and increased the expressions of Bcl2 and Angiotensin II Type 1 receptor (ATR) in the kidney as compared with the CRS-C group. Fluorescence microscopy showed that the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was significantly reduced in the kidney as compared with the CRS-C group. We also examined the apoptosis level in kidney by using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining, and the result showed that QLQX significantly reduced the apoptosis level in kidney induced by myocardial infarction. Taken together, we suggest that QLQX may be a potentially effective drug for the treatment of CRS by regulating inflammatory/oxidative stress signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Duan
- Department of Gerontology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Fengqin Yan
- Department of Gerontology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Hongling Hu
- Department of Gerontology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Hongjie Liu
- Department of Health Care Section, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Qinqin Wu
- Department of Gerontology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Shan Sun
- Department of Gerontology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Xiaoyan Ming
- Department of Gerontology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Xiaofen Bu
- Department of Gerontology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Yingxia He
- Department of Gerontology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Gerontology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Wang Y, Yue S, Luo Z, Cao C, Yu X, Liao Z, Wang M. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation mediates lung fibroblast proliferation and differentiation in hyperoxia-induced chronic lung disease in newborn rats. Respir Res 2016; 17:136. [PMID: 27769245 PMCID: PMC5075180 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-016-0453-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have suggested that endogenous glutamate and its N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) play important roles in hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury in newborn rats. We hypothesized that NMDAR activation also participates in the development of chronic lung injury after withdrawal of hyperoxic conditions. Methods In order to rule out the anti-inflammatory effects of NMDAR inhibitor on acute lung injury, the efficacy of MK-801 was evaluated in vivo using newborn Sprague-Dawley rats treated starting 4 days after cessation of hyperoxia exposure (on postnatal day 8). The role of NMDAR activation in hyperoxia-induced lung fibroblast proliferation and differentiation was examined in vitro using primary cells derived from the lungs of 8-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to hyperoxic conditions. Results Hyperoxia for 3 days induced acute lung injury in newborn rats. The acute injury almost completely disappeared 4 days after cessation of hyperoxia exposure. However, pulmonary fibrosis, impaired alveolarization, and decreased pulmonary compliance were observed on postnatal days 15 and 22. MK-801 treatment during the recovery period was found to alleviate the chronic damage induced by hyperoxia. Four NMDAR 2 s were found to be upregulated in the lung fibroblasts of newborn rats exposed to hyperoxia. In addition, the proliferation and upregulation of alpha-smooth muscle actin and (pro) collagen I in lung fibroblasts were detected in hyperoxia-exposed rats. MK-801 inhibited these changes. Conclusions NMDAR activation mediated lung fibroblast proliferation and differentiation and played a role in the development of hyperoxia-induced chronic lung damage in newborn rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- YanRui Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China.,Department of Neonatology, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, 274000, China
| | - ShaoJie Yue
- Department of Neonatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - ZiQiang Luo
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - ChuanDing Cao
- Department of Neonatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - XiaoHe Yu
- Department of Neonatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - ZhengChang Liao
- Department of Neonatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - MingJie Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, China.
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Baek SH, Shin BK, Kim NJ, Chang SY, Park JH. Protective effect of ginsenosides Rk3 and Rh4 on cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in vitro and in vivo. J Ginseng Res 2016; 41:233-239. [PMID: 28701862 PMCID: PMC5489750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nephrotoxicity is the major side effect in cisplatin chemotherapy. Previously, we reported that the ginsenosides Rk3 and Rh4 reduced cisplatin toxicity on porcine renal proximal epithelial tubular cells (LLC-PK1). Here, we aimed to evaluate the protective effect of ginsenosides Rk3 and Rh4 on kidney function and elucidate their antioxidant effect using in vitro and in vivo models of cisplatin-induced acute renal failure. METHODS An enriched mixture of ginsenosides Rk3 and Rh4 (KG-KH; 49.3% and 43.1%, respectively) was purified from sun ginseng (heat processed Panax ginseng). Cytotoxicity was induced by treatment of 20μM cisplatin to LLC-PK1 cells and rat model of acute renal failure was generated by single intraperitoneal injection of 5 mg/kg cisplatin. Protective effects were assessed by determining cell viability, reactive oxygen species generation, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, antioxidant enzyme activity, and histopathological examination. RESULTS The in vitro assay demonstrated that KG-KH (50 μg/mL) significantly increased cell viability (4.6-fold), superoxide dismutase activity (2.8-fold), and glutathione reductase activity (1.5-fold), but reduced reactive oxygen species generation (56%) compared to cisplatin control cells. KG-KH (6 mg/kg, per os) also significantly inhibited renal edema (87% kidney index) and dysfunction (71.4% blood urea nitrogen, 67.4% creatinine) compared to cisplatin control rats. Of note, KG-KH significantly recovered the kidney levels of catalase (1.2-fold) and superoxide dismutase (1.5-fold). CONCLUSION Considering the oxidative injury as an early trigger of cisplatin nephrotoxicity, our findings suggest that ginsenosides Rk3 and Rh4 protect the kidney from cisplatin-induced oxidative injury and help to recover renal function by restoring intrinsic antioxidant defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hoon Baek
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong-Kyu Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Jae Kim
- East-West Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hill Park
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, HCMC, Viet Nam
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Xiao J, Deng SB, She Q, Li J, Kao GY, Wang JS, Ma YU. Traditional Chinese medicine Qili qiangxin inhibits cardiomyocyte apoptosis in rats following myocardial infarction. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:1817-1823. [PMID: 26640555 PMCID: PMC4665999 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of the traditional Chinese medicine Qili qiangxin on cardiomyocyte apoptosis following myocardial infarction (MI) in a rat model. MI was induced in rats by ligation of the anterior descending coronary artery. Survivors were randomly divided into the sham operation, MI, and Qili qiangxin groups (4 g/kg per day). After 28 days, infarction size was measured. In the non-infarcted zones (NIZ), the apoptotic index (AI) was measured by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated digoxigenin-conjugated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL). Expression of Fas was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the expression of xanthine oxidase (XO) and caspase-3 by western blot analysis. In addition, the XO and ·O2−, ·OH-scavenging activity of myocardial tissue in NIZ was measured by colorimetry. Compared to the MI group, AI and the expression of Fas and caspase-3 were significantly decreased in NIZ. The activity of XO was also considerably reduced while ·O2− and ·OH-scavenging activity was significantly increased in the Qili qiangxin group. Ventricular remodeling was attenuated but there were no significant differences in infarct size (IS) or XO expression levels between the Qili qiangxin and MI groups. In conclusion, the results suggest that Qili qiangxin may inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis in NIZ in rats. The potential mechanism involved may be associated with its ability to reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and to depress the expression of Fas and caspase-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Medical Emergency Center, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Song-Bai Deng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing University of Medical Sciences, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Qiang She
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing University of Medical Sciences, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Medical Emergency Center, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Ying Kao
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Medical Emergency Center, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Sheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Medical Emergency Center, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Y U Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Medical Emergency Center, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
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Li Y, Liu Y, Peng X, Liu W, Zhao F, Feng D, Han J, Huang Y, Luo S, Li L, Yue SJ, Cheng Q, Huang X, Luo Z. NMDA Receptor Antagonist Attenuates Bleomycin-Induced Acute Lung Injury. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125873. [PMID: 25942563 PMCID: PMC4420245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glutamate is a major neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS). Large amount of glutamate can overstimulate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), causing neuronal injury and death. Recently, NMDAR has been reported to be found in the lungs. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of memantine, a NMDAR channel blocker, on bleomycin-induced lung injury mice. Methods C57BL/6 mice were intratracheally injected with bleomycin (BLM) to induce lung injury. Mice were randomized to receive saline, memantine (Me), BLM, BLM plus Me. Lungs and BALF were harvested on day 3 or 7 for further evaluation. Results BLM caused leukocyte infiltration, pulmonary edema and increase in cytokines, and imposed significant oxidative stress (MDA as a marker) in lungs. Memantine significantly mitigated the oxidative stress, lung inflammatory response and acute lung injury caused by BLM. Moreover, activation of NMDAR enhances CD11b expression on neutrophils. Conclusions Memantine mitigates oxidative stress, lung inflammatory response and acute lung injury in BLM challenged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - XiangPing Peng
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - FeiYan Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - DanDan Feng
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - JianZhong Han
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - YanHong Huang
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - SiWei Luo
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lian Li
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shao Jie Yue
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - QingMei Cheng
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - XiaoTing Huang
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - ZiQiang Luo
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Zhang LJ, Zhou EF. In vitro and in vivo inhibitory effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on proliferation of colon cancer cells. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:4599-4603. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i30.4599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To assess the inhibitory effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on colon cancer cell proliferation in vivo and in vitro, and to investigate the possible underlying mechanism.
METHODS: The proliferation of normal colon cells and colon cancer cells treated with different concentrations of ginsenoside Rg1 was assessed in vitro, and related protein expression was also detected. A mouse model of colon cancer was created, and model mice were given different concentrations of ginsenoside Rg1 by gavage administration. Tumor growth and related protein expression in tumor tissue were then measured.
RESULTS: Ginsenoside Rg1 could not only inhibit colon cancer cell proliferation and alter cell cycle progression in vitro, but also suppress tumor growth and decrease cancer growth related protein expression in vivo.
CONCLUSION: Ginsenoside Rg1 can inhibit colon cancer growth and proliferation effectively possibly by down-regulating the expression of cell cycle- and proliferation-related proteins.
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Ginsenoside Rg1 enhances the resistance of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells to radiation-induced aging in mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2014; 35:143-50. [PMID: 24335839 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2013.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on the radiation-induced aging of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSC/HPCs) in mice and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were treated with ginsenoside Rg1 (20 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1), ip) or normal saline (NS) for 7 d, followed by exposure to 6.5 Gy X-ray total body irradiation. A sham-irradiated group was treated with NS but without irradiation. Sca-1(+) HSC/HPCs were isolated and purified from their bone marrow using MACS. DNA damage was detected on d 1. The changes of anti-oxidative activities, senescence-related markers senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) and mixed colony-forming unit (CFU-mix), P16(INK4a) and P21(Cip1/Waf1) expression on d 7, and cell cycle were examined on d 1, d 3, and d 7. RESULTS The irradiation caused dramatic reduction in the number of Sca-1(+) HSC/HPCs on d 1 and the number barely recovered until d 7 compared to the sham-irradiated group. The irradiation significantly decreased SOD activity, increased MDA contents and caused DNA damage in Sca-1(+) HSC/HPCs. Moreover, the irradiation significantly increased SA-β-gal staining, reduced CFU-mix forming, increased the expression of P16(INK4a) and P21(Cip1/Waf1) in the core positions of the cellular senescence signaling pathways and caused G1 phase arrest of Sca-1(+) HSC/HPCs. Administration of ginsenoside Rg1 caused small, but significant recovery in the number of Sca-1(+) HSC/HPCs on d 3 and d 7. Furthermore, ginsenoside Rg1 significantly attenuated all the irradiation-induced changes in Sca-1(+) HSC/HPCs, including oxidative stress reaction, DNA damage, senescence-related markers and cellular senescence signaling pathways and cell cycle, etc. CONCLUSION Administration of ginsenoside Rg1 enhances the resistance of HSC/HPCs to ionizing radiation-induced senescence in mice by inhibiting the oxidative stress reaction, reducing DNA damage, and regulating the cell cycle.
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Li KR, Zhang ZQ, Yao J, Zhao YX, Duan J, Cao C, Jiang Q. Ginsenoside Rg-1 protects retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells from cobalt chloride (CoCl2) and hypoxia assaults. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84171. [PMID: 24386346 PMCID: PMC3873980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe retinal ischemia causes persistent visual impairments in eye diseases. Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells are located near the choroidal capillaries, and are easily affected by ischemic or hypoxia. Ginsenoside Rg-1 has shown significant neuroprotective effects. This study was performed to test the cytoprotective effect of ginsenoside Rg-1 in RPE cells against hypoxia and cobalt chloride (CoCl2) assaults, and to understand the underlying mechanisms. We found that Rg-1 pre-administration significantly inhibited CoCl2- and hypoxia-induced RPE cell death and apoptosis. Reactive oxygen specisis (ROS)-dependent p38 and c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinases (JNK) MAPK activation was required for CoCl2-induced RPE cell death, and Rg-1 pre-treatment significantly inhibited ROS production and following p38/JNK activation. Further, CoCl2 suppressed pro-survival mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) activation in RPE cells through activating of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), while Rg-1 restored mTORC1 activity through inhibiting AMPK activation. CoCl2-induced AMPK activation was also dependent on ROS production, and anti-oxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) prevented AMPK activation and RPE cell death by CoCl2. Our results indicated that Rg-1 could be further investigated as a novel cell-protective agent for retinal ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-ran Li
- Department of Eye, the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhi-qing Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin Yao
- Department of Eye, the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-xia Zhao
- Department of Eye, the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Duan
- The Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Academic Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cong Cao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qin Jiang
- Department of Eye, the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Zhang ZG, Niu XY, He XJ, Shu J. Ginsenoside Rg1 reduces toxicity of fine particulate matter on human alveolar epithelial cells: a preliminary observation. Mol Med Rep 2013; 9:989-92. [PMID: 24346058 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a significant environmental pollutant responsible for a number of human diseases. Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) is likely to have the potential to relieve PM2.5‑induced cell injury. The present study is designed to preliminarily observe the harmful effect of PM2.5 and the protective effect of Rg1 against PM2.5 on human A549 lung epithelial cells in vitro. The cytotoxic effects of the PM2.5 or Rg1 on A549 cells were measured by means of cell viability, and then exposure concentration of PM2.5 and pretreatment concentration of Rg1 used in the following assays were established. The A549 cells were pretreated with Rg1 for 1 h and then exposed to PM2.5 for 24 h. The levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the cell culture supernatant and malondialdehyde (MDA) within the cells were assayed. The present results revealed that 200‑1,200 µg/ml of PM2.5 decreased the viability of A549 cells significantly in a concentration‑dependent manner; however, 50‑400 µg/ml of Rg1 had no significant effect. Pretreatment with 100, 200 or 400 µg/ml Rg1 significantly diminished the 200 µg/ml PM2.5‑induced A549 cell viability and decreased LDH leakage and MDA generation in a concentration‑dependent manner. These results indicated that PM2.5 induced cell injury and Rg1, antagonized PM2.5‑induced cell injury to a certain extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Guo Zhang
- Institute of Basic Theory, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Xu-Yan Niu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Juan He
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Jun Shu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China‑Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
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Li WX, Li YF, Zhai YJ, Chen WM, Kurihara H, He RR. Theacrine, a purine alkaloid obtained from Camellia assamica var. kucha, attenuates restraint stress-provoked liver damage in mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:6328-6335. [PMID: 23678853 DOI: 10.1021/jf400982c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Theacrine (1,3,7,9-tetramethyluric acid), a purine alkaloid, has proven to be beneficial in maintaining several brain functions and is being studied for potential medicinal uses in recent years. In this study, we isolated theacrine from Camellia assamica var. kucha and investigated its protective effects on liver damage induced by restraint stress in mice. Results showed that 18 h of restraint stress could induce liver damage, with an obvious increase in levels of plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). This finding was further confirmed by hepatic pathological examination, which showed inflammatory cell infiltration and focal necrosis of hepatocytes. However, oral administration of theacrine (10, 20, 30 mg/kg for 7 consecutive days) was found to decrease plasma ALT and AST levels, reduce hepatic mRNA levels of inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-γ), and reverse the histologic damages in stressed mice. Simultaneously, theacrine also significantly decreased the content of malondialdehyde and increased oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) level in the plasma and liver of stressed mice. These results suggested that the protective effects of theacrine on stress-induced liver damage might be correlated with its antioxidative activity. The antioxidative capacity of theacrine was further evaluated by in vitro ORAC and cellular antioxidant activity assay. The results suggested that the antioxidative capacity of theacrine was not due to the direct action on free radical clearance. Moreover, the elevated activities and gene expressions of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, as well as the reduced activity of xanthine oxidase by theacrine treatment in stressed mice suggested that the antioxidative activity might be due to the strengthening of the antioxidant system in vivo. On the basis of the above results, theacrine is possibly a good candidate for protecting against or treating lifestyle diseases and might contribute to the study of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Xi Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Dai SS, Wang H, Yang N, An JH, Li W, Ning YL, Zhu PF, Chen JF, Zhou YG. Plasma glutamate-modulated interaction of A2AR and mGluR5 on BMDCs aggravates traumatic brain injury-induced acute lung injury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 210:839-51. [PMID: 23478188 PMCID: PMC3620361 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20122196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Activation of adenosine A2A receptor aggravates lung damage in a neurogenic mouse model of acute lung injury (ALI) but protects against nonneurogenic ALI. The bone marrow–derived cell (BMDC)–associated inflammatory response plays a key role in the development of acute lung injury (ALI). Activation of adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) is generally considered to be antiinflammatory, inhibiting BMDC activities to protect against ALI. However, in the present study, we found that in a mouse model of neurogenic ALI induced by severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), BMDC A2AR exerted a proinflammatory effect, aggravating lung damage. This is in contrast to the antiinflammatory effect observed in the mouse oleic acid–induced ALI model (a nonneurogenic ALI model.) Moreover, the A2AR agonist CGS21680 aggravated, whereas the antagonist ZM241385 attenuated, the severe TBI-induced lung inflammatory damage in mice. Further investigation of white blood cells isolated from patients or mouse TBI models and of cultured human or mouse neutrophils demonstrated that elevated plasma glutamate after severe TBI induced interaction between A2AR and the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) to increase phospholipase C–protein kinase C signaling, which mediated the proinflammatory effect of A2AR. These results are in striking contrast to the well-known antiinflammatory and protective role of A2AR in nonneurogenic ALI and indicate different therapeutic strategies should be used for nonneurogenic and neurogenic ALI treatment when targeting A2AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Shuang Dai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
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Paul S, Mohanan A, Varghese MV, Alex M, Nair H. Ameliorative effect of α-tocopherol on monosodium glutamate-induced cardiac histological alterations and oxidative stress. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2012; 92:3002-3006. [PMID: 22549309 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic oral intake of high doses of monosodium glutamate (MSG) causes oxidative stress. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of cardiac dysfunction and injury. Supplementation with α-tocopherol protects the body against oxidative stress and its related complications. This study was proposed to examine the protective effect of α-tocopherol against MSG-induced biochemical and histological alterations in blood and cardiac tissue of rats for a period of 180 days. RESULTS Chronic oral administration of MSG (4 g kg(-1)) caused oxidative stress that was manifested by significant increase (P < 0.05) in malondialdehyde, conjugated dienes and by the decrease in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase in cardiac tissue. The significantly increased (P < 0.05) activities of aspartate transaminase, creatine phosphokinase and lactate dehydrogenase in serum suggested a cardiac functional disorder. Moreover, heart muscle fibers showed cloudy swelling, fiber separation and vascular congestion. Administration of α-tocopherol (200 mg kg(-1)) significantly (P < 0.05) attenuated the MSG-induced biochemical alterations in serum and cardiac tissue. α-Tocopherol also prevented the pathological changes in cardiac tissue when compared with the MSG-treated group. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that α-tocopherol may have a protective effect against MSG-induced cardiotoxicity, possibly through its antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sauganth Paul
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India
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18
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Chen H, Yin J, Deng Y, Yang M, Xu L, Teng F, Li D, Cheng Y, Liu S, Wang D, Zhang T, Wu W, Liu X, Guan S, Jiang B, Guo D. The protective effects of ginsenoside Rg1 against hypertension target-organ damage in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Altern Ther Health Med 2012; 12:53. [PMID: 22533478 PMCID: PMC3453499 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although a number of medicines are available for the management of hypertension, the organ damage induced by hypertension is not resolved. The aim of this study was to investigate the protection of ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) against vascular remodeling and organ damage in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). METHODS Male SHR were treated with 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg Rg1 through intraperitoneal injection per day for 1 month. SHR or Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) receiving vehicle (saline) was used as control. Blood pressure detection and pathological stain, transmission electron microscope, immunohistochemical assay were used to elucidate the protection of Rg1. RESULTS Blood pressures were not different between control SHR rats and Rg1 treated SHR rats, but Rg1 improved the aortic outward remodeling by lowering the lumen diameter and reducing the media thickness according the histopathological and ultrastructural detections. Rg1 also protected the retinal vessels against inward remodeling detected by immunohistochemical assay. Furthermore, Rg1 attenuated the target heart and kidney damage with improvement on cardiac and glomerular structure. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that Rg1 held beneficial effects on vascular structure and further protected against the organ-damage induced by hypertension. These findings also paved a novel and promising approach to the treatment of hypertensive complications.
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Zhang Y, Zhou L, Zhang X, Bai J, Shi M, Zhao G. Ginsenoside-Rd attenuates TRPM7 and ASIC1a but promotes ASIC2a expression in rats after focal cerebral ischemia. Neurol Sci 2012; 33:1125-31. [PMID: 22231470 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-011-0916-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies have showed that ginsenoside (GS)-Rd, a mono-compound isolated from traditional Chinese herb panax ginseng, has the neuroprotective effects following ischemic stroke. However, the underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown. Our latest study showed that GS-Rd could block calcium influx in cultured cortical neurons after excitotoxic injury, indicating that GS-Rd may act on cation channels. To explore this possibility, in this study, we used a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model to examine the effects of GS-Rd on the expression of non-selective cation channels, including transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) and acid sensing ion channels (ASIC), and cation channels, including N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, which all play essential roles in ischemic stroke. Our results showed that both TRPM and ASIC channels were expressed in the brain. At 24 h following MCAO insult, mRNA and protein expression levels of TRPM7, ASIC1a and ASIC2a were significantly increased. Pretreatment of 10 mg/kg GS-Rd attenuated MCAO-induced expression of TRPM7 and ASIC1a but promoted that of ASIC2a. In contrast, GS-Rd had no significant effects on the expression of NMDA receptors. Thus, our results suggest that GS-Rd neuroprotection following cerebral ischemia may be at least due to its effects on the expression of TRPM7, ASIC1a and ASIC2a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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Ginsenoside-Rg1 Protects the Liver against Exhaustive Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2012:932165. [PMID: 21941591 PMCID: PMC3176525 DOI: 10.1155/2012/932165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite regular exercise benefits, acute exhaustive exercise elicits oxidative damage in liver. The present study determined the hepatoprotective properties of ginsenoside-Rg1 against exhaustive exercise-induced oxidative stress in rats. Forty rats were assigned into vehicle and ginsenoside-Rg1 groups (0.1 mg/kg bodyweight). After 10-week treatment, ten rats from each group performed exhaustive swimming. Estimated oxidative damage markers, including thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) (67%) and protein carbonyls (56%), were significantly (P < 0.01) elevated after exhaustive exercise but alleviated in ginsenoside-Rg1 pretreated rats. Furthermore, exhaustive exercise drastically decreased glutathione (GSH) content (∼79%) with concurrent decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities. However, these changes were attenuated in Rg1 group. Additionally, increased xanthine oxidase (XO) activity and nitric oxide (NO) levels after exercise were also inhibited by Rg1 pretreatment. For the first time, our findings provide strong evidence that ginsenoside-Rg1 can protect the liver against exhaustive exercise-induced oxidative damage.
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Shang L, Luo Z, Deng X, Wang M, Huang F, Feng D, Yue S. Expression of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor and its effect on nitric oxide production of rat alveolar macrophages. Nitric Oxide 2010; 23:327-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2010.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2010] [Revised: 09/16/2010] [Accepted: 09/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Xu C, Teng J, Chen W, Ge Q, Yang Z, Yu C, Yang Z, Jia W. 20(S)-protopanaxadiol, an active ginseng metabolite, exhibits strong antidepressant-like effects in animal tests. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2010; 34:1402-11. [PMID: 20647027 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Revised: 07/10/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ginseng has been used for mood adjustment in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years. Our previous study has shown that, total ginsenosides, the major pharmacologically functional ingredients of ginseng, possess antidepressant activity. In the present study, we hypothesized that an intestinal metabolite of ginseng, 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (code name S111), as a post metabolism compound (PMC) of ingested ginsenosides, may be responsible for the antidepressant activity of ginseng. To test this hypothesis, antidepressant-like activity of orally given S111 was measured in animal tests including tail suspension test, forced swimming test and rat olfactory bulbectomy depression model. In all those tests, S111 demonstrated antidepressant-like activity as potent as fluoxetine. S111 treated bulbectomy animals had higher levels of monoamine neurotransmitters in the brain and in vitro reuptake assay showed that S111 had a mild inhibitory effect. Furthermore, S111 but not fluoxetine significantly reduced brain oxidative stress and down-regulated serum corticosterone concentration in bulbectomy animals. No disturbance to central nervous system (CNS) normal functions were found in S111 treated animals. These results suggest that the ginseng active metabolite S111 is a potential antidepressant. Since the monoamine reuptake activity of this compound is rather weak, it remains to be investigated whether its antidepressant-like effect is by mechanisms that are different from current antidepressants. Furthermore, this study has demonstrated that post metabolism compounds (PMCs) of herb medicines such as S111 may be a novel source for drug discovery from medicinal herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjiang Xu
- Shanghai Innovative Research Centre of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Shen L, Li L, She H, Yue S, Li C, Luo Z. Inhibition of Pulmonary Surfactants Synthesis during N-Methyl-d-Aspartate-Induced Lung Injury. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2010; 107:751-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2010.00572.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Nitric oxide-induced activation of NF–κB-mediated NMDA-induced CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase alpha expression inhibition in A549 cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 2010; 27:41-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10565-010-9168-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Accepted: 05/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Gadkariem E, Al-Ashban R, Babikir L, Al-Joher H. Toxicity Study of Korean Ginseng Herbal medicine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/rjpharm.2010.86.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Zhu D, Wu L, Li CR, Wang XW, Ma YJ, Zhong ZY, Zhao HB, Cui J, Xun SF, Huang XL, Zhou Z, Wang SQ. Ginsenoside Rg1 protects rat cardiomyocyte from hypoxia/reoxygenation oxidative injury via antioxidant and intracellular calcium homeostasis. J Cell Biochem 2010; 108:117-24. [PMID: 19530220 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rg1 is a major active ingredient of Panax notoginseng radix which has demonstrated a number of pharmacological actions including a cardioprotective effect in vivo. This study investigated the protective effect and mechanism of ginsenoside Rg1 in cardiomyocytes hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model. Pretreatment with ginsenoside Rg1 (60-120 microM) reduced lactate dehydrogenase release and increased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Fluorescence analysis demonstrated ginsenoside Rg1 reduced intracellular ROS and suppressed the intracellular [Ca(2+)] level. Cell lysate detected an increase of T-SOD, CAT, and GSH levels. The myocardial protection of ginsenoside Rg1 during H/R is partially due to its antioxidative effect and intracellular calcium homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, PR China
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Lü JM, Yao Q, Chen C. Ginseng compounds: an update on their molecular mechanisms and medical applications. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2009; 7:293-302. [PMID: 19601854 DOI: 10.2174/157016109788340767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 451] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Ginseng is one of the most widely used herbal medicines and is reported to have a wide range of therapeutic and pharmacological applications. Ginsenosides, the major pharmacologically active ingredients of ginseng, appear to be responsible for most of the activities of ginseng including vasorelaxation, antioxidation, anti-inflammation and anti-cancer. Approximately 40 ginsenoside compounds have been identified. Researchers now focus on using purified individual ginsenoside to reveal the specific mechanism of functions of ginseng instead of using whole ginseng root extracts. Individual ginsenosides may have different effects in pharmacology and mechanisms due to their different chemical structures. Among them the most commonly studied ginsenosides are Rb1, Rg1, Rg3, Re, Rd and Rh1. The molecular mechanisms and medical applications of ginsenosides have attracted much attention and hundreds of papers have been published in the last few years. The general purpose of this update is to provide information of recently described effects of ginsenosides on antioxidation, vascular system, signal transduction pathways and interaction with receptors. Their therapeutic applications in animal models and humans as well as the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of ginsenosides are also discussed in this review. This review concludes with some thoughts for future directions in the further development of ginseng compounds as effective therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ming Lü
- Molecular Surgeon Research Center, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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28
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Lü JM, Yao Q, Chen C. Ginseng compounds: an update on their molecular mechanisms and medical applications. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2009. [PMID: 19601854 DOI: 10.2174/15701609788340767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ginseng is one of the most widely used herbal medicines and is reported to have a wide range of therapeutic and pharmacological applications. Ginsenosides, the major pharmacologically active ingredients of ginseng, appear to be responsible for most of the activities of ginseng including vasorelaxation, antioxidation, anti-inflammation and anti-cancer. Approximately 40 ginsenoside compounds have been identified. Researchers now focus on using purified individual ginsenoside to reveal the specific mechanism of functions of ginseng instead of using whole ginseng root extracts. Individual ginsenosides may have different effects in pharmacology and mechanisms due to their different chemical structures. Among them the most commonly studied ginsenosides are Rb1, Rg1, Rg3, Re, Rd and Rh1. The molecular mechanisms and medical applications of ginsenosides have attracted much attention and hundreds of papers have been published in the last few years. The general purpose of this update is to provide information of recently described effects of ginsenosides on antioxidation, vascular system, signal transduction pathways and interaction with receptors. Their therapeutic applications in animal models and humans as well as the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of ginsenosides are also discussed in this review. This review concludes with some thoughts for future directions in the further development of ginseng compounds as effective therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ming Lü
- Molecular Surgeon Research Center, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Wang M, Luo Z, Liu S, Li L, Deng X, Huang F, Shang L, Jian C, Yue S. Glutamate Mediates Hyperoxia-Induced Newborn Rat Lung Injury through N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2009; 40:260-7. [DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2008-0135oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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