1
|
Maleki M, Ghaneialvar H, Abbasi N, Moayeri A, Moulaei N, Kenarkoohi A, Mokaribahar P, Heidari A. Effects of Thymbra spicata extract and Thymol on morphine withdrawal syndrome in mice (insights to the liver function, antioxidant, and behavioral responses). Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4084. [PMID: 38963282 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Safe chemicals for drug withdrawal can be extracted from natural sources. This study investigates the effects of clonidine and Thymbra spicata extract (TSE) on mice suffering from morphine withdrawal syndrome. Thymol, which is the active constituent in TSE, was also tested. A total of 90 mice were divided into nine groups. Group 1 was the control group, while Group 2 was given only morphine, and Group 3 received morphine and 0.2 mg/kg of clonidine. Groups 4-6 were given morphine along with 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg of TSE, respectively. Groups 7-9 received morphine plus 30, 60, and 90 mg/kg of Thymol, respectively, for 7 days. An oral naloxone challenge of 3 mg/kg was used to induce withdrawal syndrome in all groups. Improvement of liver enzyme levels (aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and alanine transaminase) (p < .01) and behavioral responses (frequencies of jumping, frequencies of two-legged standing, Straub tail reaction) (p < .01) were significantly observed in the groups receiving TSE and Thymol (Groups 4-9) compared to Group 2. Additionally, antioxidant activity in these groups was improved compared to Group 2. Nitric oxide significantly decreased in Groups 4 and 6 compared to Groups 2 and 3 (p < .01). Superoxide dismutase increased dramatically in Groups 5, 8, and 9 compared to Groups 2 and 3 (p < .01). Groups 5-9 were significantly different from Group 2 in terms of malondialdehyde levels (p < .01). Certain doses of TSE and Thymol were found to alleviate the narcotics withdrawal symptoms. This similar effect to clonidine can pave the way for their administration in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Maleki
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Hori Ghaneialvar
- Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Naser Abbasi
- Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Ardeshir Moayeri
- Ramsar Campus, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Ramsar, Iran
| | - Neda Moulaei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Azra Kenarkoohi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Pegah Mokaribahar
- Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Ali Heidari
- Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Inhibition of noradrenergic and corticotrophin-releasing factor systems: Effects on enhancement of memory consolidation by unconditioned and conditioned heroin withdrawal. Neuropharmacology 2022; 209:109018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
3
|
Mitchell BG, Lee J. Case Report: Concurrent Clonidine Abuse and Opioid Use Disorder. J Psychoactive Drugs 2021; 53:373-377. [PMID: 33814003 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2021.1908644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Clonidine is a centrally acting alpha-2 selective adrenergic receptor agonist used to treat hypertension and to control or prevent withdrawal in patients with opioid and alcohol use disorders. Case reports describe abuse of clonidine alone or in combination with benzodiazepines, methadone, codeine, or heroin. Clonidine reportedly boosts and extends the opioid-related euphoria and reduces the amount of psychoactive drug needed. In this case report, we describe clonidine abuse and withdrawal management in an elderly patient with concurrent opioid use disorder. The usage of clonidine in the treatment of opioid detoxification remains controversial. Clonidine abuse is underestimated and requires more attention among health-care providers who concurrently prescribe clonidine and opioids. With the opioid epidemic becoming increasingly prevalent, physicians and other health-care providers must be vigilant in their opioid prescribing as well as concurrent prescribing of other psychoactive pharmacologic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian G Mitchell
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jaekyu Lee
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Effect of Essential Oil of Zhumeria majdae on Morphine Tolerance and Dependence in Mice. Chin J Integr Med 2020; 26:683-687. [PMID: 32720116 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-020-3424-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of Zhumeria majdae essential oil (ZMEO) on morphine dependence and tolerance in mice. METHODS ZMEO (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg) and clonidine (0.1 mg/kg) as the positive control were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.). The effect of ZMEO and clonidine on the dependence were evaluated by counting the number of jumps induced by naloxone (5 mg/kg) while the tolerance was evaluated by the tail-flick test. RESULTS ZMEO at the dose of 10 mg/kg during the development period led to a significant inhibition of morphine tolerance (P<0.01), while it led to reduced morphine dependence with the doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg. ZMEO at two dose levels of 20 and 40 mg/kg indicated significant antinociceptive activity (P>0.01), and significantly reduced the withdrawal signs (number of jumps) of mice (P>0.01). CONCLUSIONS ZMEO had significant effects on morphine tolerance and dependence. The linalool rich essential oil of Z. majdae plays a major role in the reduction of tolerance and dependence induced by morphine.
Collapse
|
5
|
Strasinger C, Paudel KS, Wu J, Hammell D, Pinninti RR, Hinds B, Stinchcomb A. Programmable transdermal clonidine delivery through voltage-gated carbon nanotube membranes. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:1829-38. [PMID: 24788096 PMCID: PMC4218846 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Oral dosage forms and traditional transdermal patches are inadequate for complex clonidine therapy dosing schemes, because of the variable dose/flux requirement for the treatment of opioid withdrawal symptoms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro transdermal flux changes of clonidine in response to alterations in carbon nanotube (CNT) delivery rates by applying various electrical bias. Additional skin diffusion studies were carried out to demonstrate the therapeutic feasibility of the system. This study demonstrated that application of a small electrical bias (-600 mV) to the CNT membrane on the skin resulted in a 4.7-fold increase in clonidine flux as compared with no bias (0 mV) application. The high and low clonidine flux values were very close to the desired variable flux of clonidine for the treatment of opioid withdrawal symptoms. Therapeutic feasibility studies demonstrated that CNT membrane served as the rate-limiting step to clonidine diffusion and lag and transition times were suitable for the clonidine therapy. Skin elimination studies revealed that clonidine depletion from the skin would not negatively affect clonidine therapy. Overall, this study showed that clonidine administration difficulties associated with the treatment of opiate withdrawal symptoms can be reduced with the programmable CNT membrane transdermal system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kalpana S Paudel
- College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- South College School of Pharmacy, Knoxville, TN
| | - Ji Wu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Dana Hammell
- College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- AllTranz Inc, Lexington, KY
| | | | - Bruce Hinds
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Audra Stinchcomb
- College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
- AllTranz Inc, Lexington, KY
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hosseinzadeh H, Imenshahidi M, Hosseini M, Razavi BM. Effect of Linalool on Morphine Tolerance and Dependence in Mice. Phytother Res 2012; 26:1399-404. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad; Iran
| | - Mohsen Imenshahidi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad; Iran
| | | | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- School of Pharmacy; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad; Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Proteomic analysis of the nucleus accumbens in rhesus monkeys of morphine dependence and withdrawal intervention. J Proteomics 2011; 75:1330-42. [PMID: 22123079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2011] [Revised: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
It has been known that the reinforcing effects and long-term consequences of morphine are closely associated with nucleus accumbens (NAc) in the brain, a key region of the mesolimbic dopamine pathway. However, the proteins involved in neuroadaptive processes and withdrawal symptom in primates of morphine dependence have not been well explored. In the present study, we performed proteomes in the NAc of rhesus monkeys of morphine dependence and withdrawal intervention with clonidine or methadone. Two-dimensional electrophoresis was used to compare changes in cytosolic protein abundance in the NAc. We found a total of 46 proteins differentially expressed, which were further identified by mass spectrometry analysis. The identified proteins can be classified into 6 classes: metabolism and mitochondrial function, synaptic transmission, cytoskeletal proteins, oxidative stress, signal transduction and protein synthesis and degradation. Importantly, we discovered 14 proteins were significantly but similarly altered after withdrawal therapy with clonidine or methadone, revealing potential pharmacological strategies or targets for the treatment of morphine addiction. Our study provides a comprehensive understanding of the neuropathophysiology associated with morphine addiction and withdrawal therapy in primate, which is helpful for the development of opiate withdrawal pharmacotherapies.
Collapse
|
8
|
Ye B, Wang S, Zhang L. Studies on the detoxification effects and acute toxicity of a mixture ofcis-sec-butyl-1-propoenyl disulphide andtrans-sec-butyl-1-propoenyl disulphide isolated from crude essential oil ofFerula sinkiangensisK.M. Shen, a Chinese traditional herbal medicine. Nat Prod Res 2011; 25:1161-70. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2010.550027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
9
|
Repeated agmatine treatment attenuates nicotine sensitization in mice: modulation by alpha2-adrenoceptors. Behav Brain Res 2010; 213:161-74. [PMID: 20450939 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2010.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2009] [Revised: 04/24/2010] [Accepted: 04/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Agmatine [2-(4-aminobutyl)guanidine] is an endogenous amine proposed as a neurotransmitter/neuromodulator that binds to multiple target receptors in brain. Besides, many central and peripheral functions, agmatine have been implicated in the process of drug addiction. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of centrally injected agmatine on nicotine induced locomotor sensitization in Swiss male mice. Our data shows that repeated injections of nicotine (0.4 mg/kg, sc, twice daily for 7 days) gradually increased locomotion during 7 days development period or after 3 days (nicotine) withdrawal phase challenged with nicotine (0.4 mg/kg, sc) on day 11. Mice were pretreated with agmatine (40-80 microg, icv) or agents known to increase endogenous brain agmatine levels [e.g. an agmatine biosynthetic precursor, L-arginine (80 microg, icv), ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor, difluoromethyl-ornithine (50 microg, icv), diamine oxidase inhibitor, aminoguanidine (25 microg, icv) and agmatinase inhibitor, arcaine (50 microg, icv)] 30 min before daily first nicotine injection or during nicotine withdrawal phase. All these treatments attenuated the development as well as incubation of locomotor sensitization to nicotine. Coadministration of agmatine (20 microg, icv) and alpha(2)-adrenoreceptors agonist, clonidine (0.1 microg, icv) evoked synergistic inhibition of nicotine sensitization. Conversely, prior administration of alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist, yohimbine (5mg/kg, ip) or idazoxan (0.4 mg/kg, ip) reversed the inhibitory effect of agmatine on nicotine sensitization. There was no significant difference in activity between mice injected with any of these agents/saline alone and saline/saline groups. These data indicate that agmatine attenuates nicotine induced locomotor sensitization via a mechanism which may involve alpha(2)-adrenergic receptors. Thus, agmatine might have therapeutic implications in the treatment of nicotine addiction and deserve further investigations.
Collapse
|
10
|
Hosseinzadeh H, Jahanian Z. Effect of crocus sativus
L. (saffron) stigma and its constituents, crocin and safranal, on morphine withdrawal syndrome in mice. Phytother Res 2009; 24:726-30. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
11
|
Abstract
This paper is the thirtieth consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2007 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior, and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia; stress and social status; tolerance and dependence; learning and memory; eating and drinking; alcohol and drugs of abuse; sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology; mental illness and mood; seizures and neurologic disorders; electrical-related activity and neurophysiology; general activity and locomotion; gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions; cardiovascular responses; respiration and thermoregulation; and immunological responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd.,Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
| |
Collapse
|