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Guo X, Cheng M, Hu P, Shi Z, Chen S, Liu H, Shi H, Xu Z, Tian X, Huang C. Absorption, Metabolism, and Pharmacokinetics Profiles of Norathyriol, an Aglycone of Mangiferin, in Rats by HPLC-MS/MS. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:12227-12235. [PMID: 30298742 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Norathyriol, an aglycone of mangiferin, is a bioactive tetrahydroxyxanthone present in mangosteen and many medicinal plants. However, the biological fate of norathyriol in vivo remains unclear. In this study, the absorption and metabolism of norathyriol in rats were evaluated through HPLC-MS/MS. Results showed that norathyriol was well absorbed, as indicated by its absolute bioavailability of 30.4%. Besides, a total of 21 metabolites of norathyriol were identified in rats, including methylated, glucuronidated, sulfated and glycosylated conjugates, which suggested norathyriol underwent extensive phase II metabolism. Among those metabolites, 15 metabolites were also identified in hepatocytes incubated with norathyriol, indicating the presence of hepatic metabolism. Furthermore, glucuronide and sulfate conjugates, rather than their parent compound, were found to be the main forms existing in vivo after administration of norathyriol, as implicated by the great increase of exposure of norathyriol determined after hydrolysis with β-glucuronidase and sulfatase. The information obtained from this study contributes to better understanding of the pharmacological mechanism of norathyriol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Guo
- Shanghai Institute of Material Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Mingcang Cheng
- Shanghai Institute of Material Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Pei Hu
- Shanghai Institute of Material Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Zhangpeng Shi
- Shanghai Institute of Material Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Shuoji Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Material Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Huan Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Material Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Haoyun Shi
- Shanghai Institute of Material Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Zhou Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Material Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Xiaoting Tian
- Shanghai Institute of Material Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Chenggang Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Material Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
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Shan T, Ma Q, Guo K, Liu J, Li W, Wang F, Wu E. Xanthones from mangosteen extracts as natural chemopreventive agents: potential anticancer drugs. Curr Mol Med 2012; 11:666-77. [PMID: 21902651 DOI: 10.2174/156652411797536679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite decades of research, the treatment and management of malignant tumors still remain a formidable challenge for public health. New strategies for cancer treatment are being developed, and one of the most promising treatment strategies involves the application of chemopreventive agents. The search for novel and effective cancer chemopreventive agents has led to the identification of various naturally occurring compounds. Xanthones, from the pericarp, whole fruit, heartwood, and leaf of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana Linn., GML), are known to possess a wide spectrum of pharmacologic properties, including antioxidant, anti- tumor, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-viral activities. The potential chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activities of xanthones have been demonstrated in different stages of carcinogenesis (initiation, promotion, and progression) and are known to control cell division and growth, apoptosis, inflammation, and metastasis. Multiple lines of evidence from numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have confirmed that xanthones inhibit proliferation of a wide range of human tumor cell types by modulating various targets and signaling transduction pathways. Here we provide a concise and comprehensive review of preclinical data and assess the observed anticancer effects of xanthones, supporting its remarkable potential as an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi, China
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Chang TT, Sun MF, Chen HY, Tsai FJ, Fisher M, Lin JG, Chen CYC. Screening from the world's largest TCM database against H1N1 virus. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2011; 28:773-86. [PMID: 21294588 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2011.10508605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The swine influenza virus (H1N1) 2009 pandemic highlights the importance of having effective anti-viral strategies. Recently, oseltamivir (Tamiflu) resistant influenza viruses are identified; which further emphasizes the urgency in developing new antiviral agents. In influenza virus replication cycle, viral surface glycoprotein, hemagglutinin, is responsible for viral entry into host cells. Hence, a potentially effective antiviral strategy is to inhibit viral entry mechanism. To develop novel antiviral agent that inhibits viral entry, we analyzed 20,000 traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) ingredients in hemagglutinin subtype H1 sialic acid binding site found on H1N1 virus. We then performed molecular dynamics simulations to investigate receptor-ligand interaction of the candidates obtained from docking. Here, we report three TCM derivatives that have high binding affinities to H1 sialic acid binding site residues based on structure-based calculations. The top three derivatives, xylopine_2, rosmaricine_14 and rosmaricine_15, all have an amine group that interact with Glu83 and a pyridinium group that interact with Asp103. Molecular dynamics simulations show that these derivatives form strong hydrogen bonding with Glu83 but interact transiently with Asp103. We therefore suggest that an enhanced hemagglutinin inhibitor, based on our scaffold, should be designed to bind both Glu83 and Asp103 with high affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Ti Chang
- Laboratory of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
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Sun MF, Yang SC, Chang KW, Tsai TY, Chen HY, Tsai FJ, Lin JG, Chen CYC. Screening from TCM Database@Taiwan and QSAR model for identifying HER2 inhibitors. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2011.569550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Drug design for mPGES-1 from traditional Chinese medicine database: A screening, docking, QSAR, molecular dynamics, and pharmacophore mapping study. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2010.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Lin CH, Chang TT, Sun MF, Chen HY, Tsai FJ, Chang KL, Fisher M, Chen CYC. Potent inhibitor design against H1N1 swine influenza: structure-based and molecular dynamics analysis for M2 inhibitors from traditional Chinese medicine database. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2011; 28:471-82. [PMID: 21142218 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2011.10508589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The rapid spread of influenza virus subtype H1N1 poses a great threat to million lives worldwide. To search for new anti-influenza compounds, we performed molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation to identify potential traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) constituents that could block influenza M2 channel activity. Quinic acid, genipin, syringic acid, cucurbitine, fagarine, and methyl isoferulate all have extremely well docking results as compared to control amantadine. Further de novo drug design suggests that derivatives of genipin and methyl isoferulate could have enhanced binding affinity towards M2 channel. Selected molecular dynamics simulations of M2-derivative complexes show stable hydrogen bond interactions between the derivatives and M2 residues, Ser10 and Ala9. To our best knowledge, this is the first study on the anti-viral activity of the above listed TCM compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hui Lin
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taiwan
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Li CL, Chang TT, Sun MF, Chen HY, Tsai FJ, Fisher M, Chen CYC, Lee CL, Fang WC, Wong YH. Structure-based and ligand-based drug design for microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 inhibitors. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2010.538054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Lai CY, Chang TT, Sun MF, Chen HY, Tsai FJ, Lin JG, Chen CYC. Molecular dynamics analysis of potent inhibitors of M2 proton channel against H1N1 swine influenza virus. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2010.543972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Bouaziz-Terrachet S, Toumi-Maouche A, Maouche B, Taïri-Kellou S. Modeling the binding modes of stilbene analogs to cyclooxygenase-2: a molecular docking study. J Mol Model 2010; 16:1919-29. [PMID: 20237816 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-010-0679-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2009] [Accepted: 02/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Stilbene analogs are a new class of anti-inflammatory compounds that effectively inhibit COX-2, which is the major target in the treatment of inflammation and pain. In this study, docking simulations were conducted using AutoDock 4 software that focused on the binding of this class of compounds to COX-2 protein. Our aim was to better understand the structural and chemical features responsible for the recognition mechanism of these compounds, and to explore their binding modes of interaction at the active site by comparing them with COX-2 co-crystallized with SC-558. The docking results allowed us to provide a plausible explanation for the different binding affinities observed experimentally. These results show that important conserved residues, in particular Arg513, Phe518, Trp387, Leu352, Leu531 and Arg120, could be essential for the binding of the ligands to COX-2 protein. The quality of the docking model was estimated based on the binding energies of the studied compounds. A good correlation was obtained between experimental logAr values and the predicted binding energies of the studied compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souhila Bouaziz-Terrachet
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie Théorique et Chimie Informatique, Faculté de Chimie, USTHB B.P. 32, El Alia, Alger, Algeria.
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Chen CYC. Bioinformatics, chemoinformatics, and pharmainformatics analysis of HER2/HSP90 dual-targeted inhibitors. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2009.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Chen CYC. Weighted Equation and Rules—A Novel Concept for Evaluating Protein-Ligand Interaction. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2009; 27:271-82. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2009.10507315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Chen CY, Chang YH, Bau DT, Huang HJ, Tsai FJ, Tsai CH, Chen CYC. Ligand-based dual target drug design for H1N1: swine flu--a preliminary first study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2009; 27:171-8. [PMID: 19583443 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2009.10507307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In March and April, 2009, an outbreak of H1N1 influenza in Mexico had led to hundreds of confirmed cases and the death toll had risen to 160. The worldwide spread of H1N1 has been attracting global attention and arising an overwhelming fear. So far, the vaccine and remedy has been in urgent need. In this study, a QSAR model and pharmacophore map of neuraminidase (NA) type 1 (N1) contained two hydrogen bond acceptor features, one hydrogen bond donor feature, and one positive ionizable feature. NCI database was employed in virtual screen by the N1 pharmacophore map features. After screening, compounds were obtained and then docked into haemagglutinin type 1 (H1) to find out the candidate drugs for dual target of both N1 and H1. The candidate, NCI0353858, selected via virtual screening and docking, might be functional to this worldwide disease; consequently, further clinical investigations and scientific application are urgently demanded. We realize the proposed ligand does not have much validity without conducting a study on the stability of the protein-ligand complex by MD simulations and binding free energy, and such a study is underway and will be reported later in this journal. Nevertheless, the present study is clear, consistent and could give a rational explanation for the binding mode of the best selected ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Pharmacoinformatics and Nanotechnology Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
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Chen CYC. Computational screening and design of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to block phosphodiesterase-5. J Mol Graph Model 2009; 28:261-9. [PMID: 19747866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2009.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2009] [Revised: 07/31/2009] [Accepted: 08/03/2009] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The traditional Chinese medicines (TCM), Epimedium sagittatum (ESs), Cnidium monnieri (CMs), and Semen cuscutae (SCs), were used for treating erectile dysfunction since the ancient Han dynasty (202 BC-AD 220). Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) is deemed the target protein for inhibition to treat erectile dysfunction. In this study, a reliable multiple linear regression (MLR) model (r value=0.8484) was used to predict the activities of new candidates which were designed from ES, CM, and SC. From docking and pharmacophore analysis, the potent candidates among ES, CM, and SC were screened. SC01, SC03, and ES03b were predicted to have high potencies based on MLR analysis and high docking scores. Additionally, from our analysis, we make the follow conclusion (1) Hydrophobic compounds tend to be more potent PDE-5 inhibitors; (2) Because of the big binding site, inhibitors with molecular weights over 500 remain potent; (3) From the pharmacophore analysis, the features of hydrogen bond acceptors are the basis for designing novel inhibitors of PDE-5 and (4) According to MLR analysis, the number of ring groups could be up to 6, but the number of aromatic rings was limited to 4 to be potent. This study offers an alternative way to screen PDE-5 inhibitors from TCM and provides a scientific basis for confirming pharmacological actions of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin Yu-Chian Chen
- Laboratory of Pharmacoinformatics and Nanotechnology, School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan, ROC.
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Discovery of potent inhibitors for phosphodiesterase 5 by virtual screening and pharmacophore analysis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2009; 30:1186-94. [PMID: 19597523 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2009.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the potent inhibitor from one of the Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Epimedium sagittatum. METHODS We predicted the potent compound, ES03b, de novo evolution from the four Epimedium sagittatum components were verified by molecular docking, pharmacophore analysis, and analysis of quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model, which was constructed by multiple linear regression. RESULTS ES03b was chosen to undergo drug modification via de novo evolution. By analyzing the pharmacophore features, we found that the hydrophobic core in the binding site and the hydrogen bond generated at Asn663 played key roles in designing PDE5 inhibitors. ES03b generated 49 diversities (Evo01-49). Evo48 had high activity in prediction. Although the value of prediction was overestimated, Evo48 was suggested as the potent lead. CONCLUSION In this study, we showed that the hydrophobic core in the binding site and hydrogen bond production on Asn663 played key roles to design PDE5 inhibitors. From several require validation analysis, Evo48 was suggested to be a potent inhibitor.
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Design, Synthesis, Antitumor Activity and Mode of Action of Novel Oxiranyl and Thiiranyl Phenol Derivatives. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2009. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2009.30.7.1463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Magnolol encapsulated by different acyl chain length of liposomes on inhibiting proliferation of smooth muscle cells. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2008.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Jeong KW, Lee JY, Kang DI, Lee JU, Shin SY, Kim Y. Screening of flavonoids as candidate antibiotics against Enterococcus faecalis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2009; 72:719-724. [PMID: 19236029 DOI: 10.1021/np800698d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
beta-Ketoacyl acyl carrier protein synthase (KAS) III, the most divergent member of the condensing enzyme family, is a key catalyst in bacterial fatty acid biosynthesis and, thus, an attractive target for novel antibiotics. Here, we perform docking studies between Enterococcus faecalis KAS III (efKAS III) and one flavanone and 11 hydroxyflavanones with hydroxy groups at various positions. The MIC values of these flavanones for E. faecalis and vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis (VREF) were measured, and binding affinities to efKAS III were determined. Naringenin (9), eriodictyol (10), and taxifolin (12), with high-scoring functions and good binding affinities, docked well with efKAS III, resulting in MIC values in the range 128-512 microg/mL. Our results indicate that hydrogen bonds between the 5- and 4'-hydroxy groups and the side-chain of Arg38 and the backbone carbonyl of Phe308 are the key interactions for efKAS III inhibition. These flavanones are good candidate KAS III inhibitors and may be utilized as effective antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Woong Jeong
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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Chen CYC. Pharmacoinformatics approach for mPGES-1 in anti-inflammation by 3D-QSAR pharmacophore mapping. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2008.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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De novo design of novel selective COX-2 inhibitors: From virtual screening to pharmacophore analysis. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2008.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Chen CYC. Chemoinformatics and pharmacoinformatics approach for exploring the GABA-A agonist from Chinese herb suanzaoren. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2008.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Chen CYC. Discovery of novel inhibitors for c-Met by virtual screening and pharmacophore analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcice.2008.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Pontius A, Krick A, Mesry R, Kehraus S, Foegen SE, Müller M, Klimo K, Gerhäuser C, König GM. Monodictyochromes A and B, dimeric xanthone derivatives from the marine algicolous fungus Monodictys putredinis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2008; 71:1793-1799. [PMID: 18939864 DOI: 10.1021/np800392w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Investigations of the marine-derived fungus Monodictys putredinis led to the isolation of two novel dimeric chromanones (1, 2) that consist of two uniquely modified xanthone-derived units. The structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic measurements including NOE experiments and CD analysis to deduce the configuration. The compounds (1, 2) were examined for their cancer chemopreventive potential and shown to inhibit cytochrome P450 1A activity with IC(50) values of 5.3 and 7.5 μM, respectively. In addition, both compounds displayed moderate activity as inducers of NAD(P)H:quinone reductase (QR) in cultured mouse Hepa 1c1c7 cells, with CD values (concentration required to double the specific activity of QR) of 22.1 and 24.8 μM, respectively. Compound 1 was slightly less potent than compound 2 in inhibiting aromatase activity, with IC(50) values of 24.4 and 16.5 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Pontius
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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Chen CYC. Insights into the suanzaoren mechanism—From constructing the 3D structure of GABA-A receptor to its binding interaction analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcice.2008.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Chen CYC, Chen YF, Wu CH, Tsai HY. What is the Effective Component in Suanzaoren Decoction for Curing Insomnia? Discovery by Virtual Screening and Molecular Dynamic Simulation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2008; 26:57-64. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2008.10507223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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