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Wang Q, Li Y, Yuan H, Peng L, Dai Z, Sun Y, Liu R, Li W, Li J, Zhu C. Hypoxia preconditioning of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells enhances proliferation and migration and promotes their homing via the HGF/C-MET signaling axis to augment the repair of acute liver failure. Tissue Cell 2024; 87:102326. [PMID: 38442547 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a newly developed strategy for treating acute liver failure (ALF). Nonetheless, the low survival rate of MSCs after transplantation and their poor homing to damaged tissues limit the clinical application of MSCs. The research assessed whether hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) can improve the biological activity of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hA-MSCs), promote their homing ability to the liver of mice with ALF, and influence liver tissue repair. METHODS Flow cytometry, CCK8, Transwell, and Western blotting assays were conducted to assess the effects of hypoxic preconditioning on the phenotype, proliferation, and migration of hA-MSCs and the changes in the c-Met and CXCR4 gene expression levels were studied. To evaluate the effects of the transplantation of hypoxic preconditioning of hA-MSCs on the homing and repair of D-galactosamine (D-GalN)/LPS-induced ALF, the mechanism was elucidated by adding c-Met, CXCR4-specific blockers (SU11274 and AMD3100). RESULTS After hypoxia pretreatment (1% oxygen volume fraction), hA-MSCs maintained the morphological characteristics of adherence and vortex colony growth and showed high CD44, CD90, and CD105 and low CD31, CD34, and CD45 expression levels. Hypoxic preconditioning of hA-MSCs significantly increased their proliferation and migration and highly expressed the c-Met and CXCR4 genes. In vivo and in vitro, this migration-promoting effect was suppressed by the c-Met specific blocker SU11274. In the acute liver failure mouse model, the HGF expression level was considerably elevated in the liver than that in the serum, lungs and kidneys. The transplantation of hypoxic preconditioned hA-MSCs introduced a remarkable improvement in the liver function and survival rate of mice with ALF and enhanced the anti-apoptosis ability of liver cells. The anti-apoptotic enhancing effect of hypoxic preconditioning was suppressed by the c-Met specific blocker SU11274. Hypoxic hA-MSCs administration was observed to have considerably increased the fluorescent cells in the liver than that recorded after administering normal oxygen-hA-MSCs. The number of hepatic fluorescent cells decreased remarkably after adding the c-Met inhibitor SU11274, compared to that recorded after hypoxic pretreatment, whereas the effect of c-Met inhibitor SU11274 on normal oxygen-hA-MSCs was not significant. CONCLUSIONS Hypoxic preconditioning depicted no impact on the morphology and phenotype features of the human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells, but it can promote their proliferation, migration, anti-apoptotic effect, and homing rate and improve the repair of acute liver failure, which might be mediated by the HGF/c-Met signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuwen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Linya Peng
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zixing Dai
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Sun
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China
| | - Wenting Li
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Chuanlong Zhu
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China.
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Alipanah-Moghadam R, Khodaei M, Aghamohammadi V, Malekzadeh V, Afrouz M, Nemati A, Zahedian H. Andrographolide induced heme oxygenase-1 expression in MSC-like cells isolated from rat bone marrow exposed to environmental stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 687:149212. [PMID: 37944470 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-like cells) are the most important stem cells that are used in transplantation clinically in various applications. The survival rate of MSC-like cells is strongly reduced due to adverse conditions in the microenvironment of transplantation, including environmental stress. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a member of the heat shock protein, as well as a stress-induced enzyme, present throughout the body. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of andrographolide, an active derivative from andrographolide paniculate, on HO-1 expression in mesenchymal stem cells derived from rat bone marrow. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC-like cells) were extracted and proliferated in several passages. The identity of MSC-like cells was confirmed by morphological observations and differential tests. The flow cytometry method was used to verify the MSC-specific markers. Isolated MSC-like cells were treated with different concentrations of andrographolide and then exposed to environmental stress. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT colorimetric assay. A real-time PCR technique was employed to evaluate the expression level of HO-1 in the treated MSC-like cells. RESULTS Isolated MSC-like cells demonstrated fibroblast-like morphology. These cells in different culture mediums differentiated into osteocytes and adipocytes and were identified using alizarin red and oil red staining, respectively. As well, MSC-like cells were verified by the detection of CD105 surface antigen and the absence of CD14 and CD45 antigens. The results of the MTT assay showed that the pre-treatment of MSC-like cells with andrographolide concentration independently increased the viability and resistance of these cells to environmental stress caused by hydrogen peroxide and serum deprivation (SD). Real-time PCR findings indicated a significant increase in HO-1 gene expression in the andrographolide-receiving groups (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that andrographolide creates a promising strategy for enhancing the quality of cell therapy by increasing the resistance of MSC-like cells to environmental stress and inducing the expression of HO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Alipanah-Moghadam
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Maryam Khodaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| | | | - Vadoud Malekzadeh
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Afrouz
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Iran.
| | - Ali Nemati
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Hoda Zahedian
- Department of Deutsch-Sprachen, Volkshochschule, Gütersloh, Germany
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Mahjoor M, Fakouri A, Farokhi S, Nazari H, Afkhami H, Heidari F. Regenerative potential of mesenchymal stromal cells in wound healing: unveiling the influence of normoxic and hypoxic environments. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1245872. [PMID: 37900276 PMCID: PMC10603205 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1245872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate and adaptive immune systems rely on the skin for various purposes, serving as the primary defense against harmful environmental elements. However, skin lesions may lead to undesirable consequences such as scarring, accelerated skin aging, functional impairment, and psychological effects over time. The rising popularity of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for skin wound treatment is due to their potential as a promising therapeutic option. MSCs offer advantages in terms of differentiation capacity, accessibility, low immunogenicity, and their central role in natural wound-healing processes. To accelerate the healing process, MSCs promote cell migration, angiogenesis, epithelialization, and granulation tissue development. Oxygen plays a critical role in the formation and expansion of mammalian cells. The term "normoxia" refers to the usual oxygen levels, defined at 20.21 percent oxygen (160 mm of mercury), while "hypoxia" denotes oxygen levels of 2.91 percent or less. Notably, the ambient O2 content (20%) in the lab significantly differs from the 2%-9% O2 concentration in their natural habitat. Oxygen regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) mediated expression of multiple genes plays a crucial role in sustaining stem cell destiny concerning proliferation and differentiation. This study aims to elucidate the impact of normoxia and hypoxia on MSC biology and draw comparisons between the two. The findings suggest that expanding MSC-based regenerative treatments in a hypoxic environment can enhance their growth kinetics, genetic stability, and expression of chemokine receptors, ultimately increasing their effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Mahjoor
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arshia Fakouri
- Student Research Committee, USERN Office, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Simin Farokhi
- Student Research Committee, USERN Office, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Hojjatollah Nazari
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hamed Afkhami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Heidari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
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Liu Q, Guan C, Liu C, Li H, Wu J, Sun C. Targeting hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha: A new strategy for triple-negative breast cancer therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113861. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Cheng J, Ruan X, Li Y, Du J, Jin F, Gu M, Zhou Q, Xu X, Yang Y, Wang H, Mueck AO. Effects of hypoxia-preconditioned HucMSCs on neovascularization and follicle survival in frozen/thawed human ovarian cortex transplanted to immunodeficient mice. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:474. [PMID: 36104746 PMCID: PMC9476266 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03167-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The massive loss of follicles in the early stage of ovarian tissue transplantation is considered a significant restriction to the efficacy of ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC) and transplantation (OT). The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) before transplantation of ovarian fragments shortened the hypoxic period and boosted neovascularization. Hypoxia-preconditioned MSCs can enhance the potential of angiogenesis. Can hypoxia-preconditioned human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (HucMSCs) and ovarian tissue co-xenotransplantation improve more neovascularization and subsequently more follicle survival in human ovarian tissue? Methods Frozen-thawed cortical pieces from 4 patients were transplanted into the bilateral renal capsule of immune-deficient nude mice without HucMSCs or normoxia/hypoxia-preconditioned HucMSCs. Sixty-four mice were randomly distributed into 4 groups. In each group, the mice were euthanized for blood and/or graft retrieval on post-transplantation days 3 (n = 8) and 7 (n = 8), respectively. Non-grafted frozen-thawed ovarian fragment was taken for non-grafted control. Grafts were histologically processed and analysed for follicle density and atretic follicles by HE, neovascularization by CD34 and CD31 immunohistochemical staining, primordial follicle growth by Ki67 staining, and apoptosis of stromal cell and follicles by immunofluorescence using TUNEL. The ROS and TAC levels of grafted and non-grafted tissue were assessed. We evaluated the protein expression of HIF1α, VEGFA, pAkt, Akt, and GDF9 in grafted and non-grafted ovarian tissue. E2, Prog, AMH, and FSH levels in the plasma of mice were measured after 3 and 7 days of OT. Results Hypoxia-preconditioned HucMSCs positively protect the grafted ovarian tissue by significantly decreasing the apoptosis and increasing higher expression of CD31, CD34, and VEGFA for earlier angiogenesis. They are crucial to preserving the resting primordial follicle pool by modulation of follicle death. Conclusion This is the first study to demonstrate that co-transplantation of hypoxia-preconditioned HucMSC with ovarian tissue improved earlier vascularization of ovarian grafts in the early post-grafting period, which correlates with increased follicle survival and reduced apoptosis. The HIF1α/VEGFA signal pathways may play an important role in elucidating the mechanisms of action of hypoxia-preconditioned HucMSCs with regard to OT and clinical implementation.
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Sun Y, Xu H, Tan B, Yi Q, Liu H, Chen T, Xiang H, Wang R, Xie Q, Tian J, Zhu J. Andrographolide protects bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells against glucose and serum deprivation under hypoxia via the NRF2 signaling pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:326. [PMID: 35850702 PMCID: PMC9290240 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03016-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSCs) therapy is an important cell transplantation strategy in the regenerative medicine field. However, a severely ischemic microenvironment, such as nutrient depletion and hypoxia, causes a lower survival rate of transplanted BMSCs, limiting the application of BMSCs. Therefore, improving BMSCs viability in adverse microenvironments is an important means to improve the effectiveness of BMSCs therapy. Objective To illustrate the protective effect of andrographolide (AG) against glucose and serum deprivation under hypoxia (1% O2) (GSDH)-induced cell injury in BMSCs and investigate the possible underlying mechanisms. Methods An in vitro primary rat BMSCs cell injury model was established by GSDH, and cellular viability, proliferation and apoptosis were observed after AG treatment under GSDH. Reactive oxygen species levels and oxidative stress-related genes and proteins were measured by flow cytometry, RT-qPCR and Western blotting. Mitochondrial morphology, function and number were further assessed by laser confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. Results AG protected BMSCs against GSDH-induced cell injury, as indicated by increases in cell viability and proliferation and mitochondrial number and decreases in apoptosis and oxidative stress. The metabolic status of BMSCs was changed from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation to increase the ATP supply. We further observed that the NRF2 pathway was activated by AG, and treatment of BMSCs with a specific NRF2 inhibitor (ML385) blocked the protective effect of AG. Conclusion Our results suggest that AG is a promising agent to improve the therapeutic effect of BMSCs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-03016-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Sun
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Tan
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Qin Yi
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Huiwen Liu
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Tangtian Chen
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Han Xiang
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Qiumin Xie
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Department of Cardiovascular (Internal Medicine), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China.
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Xiong Y, Tang R, Xu J, Jiang W, Gong Z, Zhang L, Li X, Ning Y, Huang P, Xu J, Chen G, Jin C, Li X, Qian H, Yang Y. Sequential transplantation of exosomes and mesenchymal stem cells pretreated with a combination of hypoxia and Tongxinluo efficiently facilitates cardiac repair. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:63. [PMID: 35130979 PMCID: PMC8822662 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02736-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which possess immunomodulatory characteristic, are promising candidates for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, the low retention and survival rate of MSCs in the ischemic heart limit their therapeutic efficacy. Strategies either modifying MSCs or alleviating the inflammatory environment, which facilitates the recruitment and survival of the engrafted MSCs, may solve the problem. Thus, we aimed to explore the therapeutic efficacy of sequential transplantation of exosomes and combinatorial pretreated MSCs in the treatment of AMI. Methods Exosomes derived from MSCs were delivered to infarcted hearts through intramyocardial injection followed by the intravenous infusion of differentially pretreated MSCs on Day 3 post-AMI. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to evaluate the inflammation level as well as the SDF-1 levels in the infarcted border zone of the heart. Echocardiography and histological analysis were performed to assess cardiac function, infarct size, collagen area and angiogenesis. Results Sequential transplantation of exosomes and the combinatorial pretreated MSCs significantly facilitated cardiac repair compared to AMI rats treated with exosomes alone. Notably, compared to the other three methods of cotransplantation, combinatorial pretreatment with hypoxia and Tongxinluo (TXL) markedly enhanced the CXCR4 level of MSCs and promoted recruitment, which resulted in better cardiac function, smaller infarct size and enhanced angiogenesis. We further demonstrated that exosomes effectively reduced apoptosis in MSCs in vitro. Conclusion Sequential delivery of exosomes and pretreated MSCs facilitated cardiac repair post-AMI, and combined pretreatment with hypoxia and TXL better enhanced the cardioprotective effects. This method provides new insight into the clinical translation of stem cell-based therapy for AMI.
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Yan X, Liu J, Zhu M, Liu L, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Feng M, Jia Z, Xiao H. Salidroside orchestrates metabolic reprogramming by regulating the Hif-1α signalling pathway in acute mountain sickness. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:1540-1550. [PMID: 34739769 PMCID: PMC8594887 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1992449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Rhodiola crenulata (Hook. f. et Thoms.) H. Ohba (Crassulaceae) is used to prevent and treat acute mountain sickness. However, the mechanisms underlying its effects on the central nervous system remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of Rhodiola crenulata on cellular metabolism in the central nervous system. MATERIALS AND METHODS The viability and Hif-1α levels of microglia and neurons at 5% O2 for 1, 3, 5 and 24 h were examined. We performed the binding of salidroside (Sal), rhodiosin, tyrosol and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol to Hif-1α, Hif-1α, lactate, oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis assays. Forty male C57BL/6J mice were divided into control and Sal (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) groups to measure the levels of Hif-1α and lactate. RESULTS Microglia sensed low oxygen levels earlier than neurons, accompanied by elevated expression of Hif-1α protein. Salidroside, rhodiosin, tyrosol, and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol decreased BV-2 (IC50=1.93 ± 0.34 mM, 959.74 ± 10.24 μM, 7.47 ± 1.03 and 8.42 ± 1.63 mM) and PC-12 (IC50=6.89 ± 0.57 mM, 159.28 ± 8.89 μM, 8.65 ± 1.20 and 8.64 ± 1.42 mM) viability. They (10 μM) reduced Hif-1α degradation in BV-2 (3.7-, 2.5-, 2.9- and 2.5-fold) and PC-12 cells (2.8-, 2.8-, 2.3- and 2.0-fold) under normoxia. Salidroside increased glycolytic capacity but attenuated oxidative phosphorylation. Salidroside (50 and 100 mg/kg) treatment increased the protein expression of Hif-1α and the release of lactate in the brain tissue of mice. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that Sal induces metabolic reprogramming by regulating the Hif-1α signalling pathway to activate compensatory responses, which may be the core mechanism underlying the effect of Rhodiola crenulata on the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Yan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Meixia Zhu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lirong Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yijun Chen
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yinhuan Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Menghan Feng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixin Jia
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbin Xiao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- CONTACT Hongbin Xiao School of Chinese Materia Medica, Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 166 Daxuedong Road, Beijing100029, China
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Moeinabadi-Bidgoli K, Babajani A, Yazdanpanah G, Farhadihosseinabadi B, Jamshidi E, Bahrami S, Niknejad H. Translational insights into stem cell preconditioning: From molecular mechanisms to preclinical applications. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112026. [PMID: 34411911 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapy (CBT) is a revolutionary approach for curing a variety of degenerative diseases. Stem cell-based regenerative medicine is a novel strategy for treating tissue damages regarding stem cells unique properties such as differentiation potential, paracrine impacts, and self-renewal ability. However, the current cell-based treatments encounter considerable challenges to be translated into clinical practice, including low cell survival, migration, and differentiation rate of transplanted stem cells. The poor stem cell therapy outcomes mainly originate from the unfavorable condition of damaged tissues for transplanted stem cells. The promising method of preconditioning improves cell resistance against the host environment's stress by imposing certain conditions similar to the harsh microenvironment of the damaged tissues on the transplanted stem cells. Various pharmacological, biological, and physical inducers are able to establish preconditioning. In addition to their known pharmacological effects on tissues and cells, these preconditioning agents improve cell biological aspects such as cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, migration, immunomodulation, paracrine impacts, and angiogenesis. This review focuses on different protocols and inducers of preconditioning along with underlying molecular mechanisms of their effects on stem cell behavior. Moreover, preclinical applications of preconditioned stem cells in various damaged organs such as heart, lung, brain, bone, cartilage, liver, and kidney are discussed with prospects of their translation into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasra Moeinabadi-Bidgoli
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhesam Babajani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghasem Yazdanpanah
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Elham Jamshidi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheyl Bahrami
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hassan Niknejad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Comparison of Osteogenic Differentiation Potential of Human Dental-Derived Stem Cells Isolated from Dental Pulp, Periodontal Ligament, Dental Follicle, and Alveolar Bone. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:6631905. [PMID: 33927769 PMCID: PMC8049831 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6631905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have become promising candidates for regeneration medicine due to their multidifferentiation potential and immunomodulatory ability. Compared with classic MSCs derived from the bone marrow and fat, dental-derived MSCs show high plasticity, accessibility, and applicability. Therefore, they are considered alternative sources for regeneration medicine. Methods Four types of MSCs were isolated from the dental pulp, periodontal ligament, dental follicle, and alveolar bone of the same donor, and there were five different individuals. We analyzed their morphology, immunophenotype, proliferation rate, apoptosis, trilineage differentiation potential, and the gene expression during osteogenic differentiation. Results Our research demonstrated that DPSCs, PDLSCs, DFPCs and ABMMSCs exhibited similar morphology and immunophenotype. DFPCs showed a higher rate of proliferation and apoptosis. When cultured in the trilineage differentiation medium, all types of MSCs presented the differentiation potential of osteogenesis, adipogenesis, and chondrogenesis. Through staining and genetic analysis during osteogenic induction, ABMMSCs and PDLSCs showed the highest osteogenic ability, followed by DPSCs, and DFPCs were the lowest. Conclusions Overall, our results indicated that different dental-derived stem cells possessed different biological characteristics. For bone tissue engineering, ABMMSCs and PDLSCs can be used as optimal candidates of seed cells.
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Lee SM, Jun DW, Kang HT, Oh JH, Saeed WK, Ahn SB. Optimal Hypoxic Preconditioning of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hES-MSCs) and Their Characteristics. Int J Stem Cells 2021; 14:221-228. [PMID: 33632987 PMCID: PMC8138663 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc20096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Hypoxia is frequently used to enhance stem cell function. However, the optimal level of hypoxia for growth and function of human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hES-MSCs) is yet to be determined. The purpose of this study was to find the optimal level of hypoxia for hES-MSCs and characteristics of hES-MSCs cultured under these optimal hypoxic conditions. Methods and Results Cell viability and changes in the morphology of hES-MSCs were determined through cell proliferation and CCK-8 assay. The hES-MSCs were preconditioned under various hypoxic conditions (0.5∼5% O2 and 24∼72 h). The expression of cytokines in each culture condition was compared using cytokine array analysis. The morphology of hES-MSCs did not change under various hypoxic culture conditions. hES-MSCs viability after 48 h incubation in 2% O2 condition was higher than that in normoxic condition. HIF1α expression was increased up to six folds after 48 h of hypoxic preconditioning. HIF1α expression in hES-MSCs peaked after 48 h of incubation in 1% O2 condition. The expressions of PDGF-BB, IGFBP-6, VEGF-A, and angiogenin were increased after hES-MSCs were incubated for 48 h in 2% O2 condition. Conclusions The hES-MSCs viability and expressions of PDGF-BB, IGFBP-6, VEGF-A, and angiogenin increased after 48 h incubation in 2% O2 condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Min Lee
- Department of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Won Jun
- Department of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon Tae Kang
- Department of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Hee Oh
- Department of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Waqar Khalid Saeed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pak-Austria Fachhochschule: Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Mang, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Sang Bong Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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12
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Jung SE, Choi JW, Moon H, Oh S, Lim S, Lee S, Kim SW, Hwang KC. Small G protein signaling modulator 3 (SGSM3) knockdown attenuates apoptosis and cardiogenic differentiation in rat mesenchymal stem cells exposed to hypoxia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231272. [PMID: 32271805 PMCID: PMC7145021 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexin 43 (Cx43) may be important in cell death and survival due to cell-to-cell communication-independent mechanisms. In our previous study, we found that small G protein signaling modulator 3 (SGSM3), a partner of Cx43, contributes to myocardial infarction (MI) in rat hearts. Based on these previous results, we hypothesized that SGSM3 could also play a role in bone marrow-derived rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which differentiate into cardiomyocytes and/or cells with comparable phenotypes under low oxygen conditions. Cx43 and Cx43-related factor expression profiles were compared between normoxic and hypoxic conditions according to exposure time, and Sgsm3 gene knockdown (KD) using siRNA transfection was performed to validate the interaction between SGSM3 and Cx43 and to determine the roles of SGSM3 in rat MSCs. We identified that SGSM3 interacts with Cx43 in MSCs under different oxygen conditions and that Sgsm3 knockdown inhibits apoptosis and cardiomyocyte differentiation under hypoxic stress. SGSM3/Sgsm3 probably has an effect on MSC survival and thus therapeutic potential in diseased hearts, but SGSM3 may worsen the development of MSC-based therapeutic approaches in regenerative medicine. This study was performed to help us better understand the mechanisms involved in the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs, as well as provide data that could be used pharmacologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Eun Jung
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Won Choi
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanbyeol Moon
- Department of Integrated Omics for Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sena Oh
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Lim
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
- International St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon Metropolitan City, Republic of Korea
| | - Seahyoung Lee
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
- International St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon Metropolitan City, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Woo Kim
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
- International St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon Metropolitan City, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Chul Hwang
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
- International St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon Metropolitan City, Republic of Korea
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Alijani N, Johari B, Moradi M, Kadivar M. A review on transcriptional regulation responses to hypoxia in mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:14-26. [PMID: 31393053 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are known for having therapeutic applications, reside in stem cell niches where the oxygen concentration is low. At the molecular level, the master regulator of the cellular reaction to hypoxia is hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF). The transcriptional response of a cell to hypoxia is affected by two major components; first, the structure of hypoxia-response elements (HREs), which primarily define how much of the HIF signal is integrated into the transcriptional output of individual genes. Second, the availability of other transcriptional factors cooperating with HIF in the context of HRE. In MSCs, the expression of a single gene by hypoxia depends on elements such as factors influencing the HIF activity, metabolic pathways, the real oxygen concentration in the cellular microenvironment, and duration of culture. In addition, specific growth factors and pro-infection cytokines, hormones, oncogenic signaling, as well as ultrasound are potent regulators of HIF in MSCs. Altogether, the response of MSCs to hypoxia is complex and mediated by several genes and molecular agents. Regarding the influence of hypoxia on MSCs, oxygen concentration must be taken into consideration based on the cell type and the aim of culture before a particular MSCs culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najva Alijani
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrooz Johari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Moradi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Kadivar
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Angiogenic effects of mesenchymal stem cells in combination with different scaffold materials. Microvasc Res 2020; 127:103925. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2019.103925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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15
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Esmaeili S, Bandarian F, Esmaeili B, Nasli-Esfahani E. Apelin and stem cells: the role played in the cardiovascular system and energy metabolism. Cell Biol Int 2019; 43:1332-1345. [PMID: 31166051 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Apelin, a member of the adipokine family, is widely distributed in the body and exerts cytoprotective effects on many organs. Apelin isoforms are involved in different physiological processes, including regulation of the cardiovascular system, cardiac contractility, angiogenesis, and energy metabolism. Several investigations have been performed to study the effect of apelin on stem cell therapy. This review aims to summarize the literature representing the effects of apelin on stem cell properties. Furthermore, this review discusses the therapeutic potential of apelin-treated stem cells for cardiovascular diseases and demonstrates the effect of stem cells overexpressing apelin on energy metabolism. Stem cells with their unique characteristics play a crucial role in the maintenance of tissue integrity. These cells participate in tissue regeneration via multiple mechanisms. Although preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of stem cells in various diseases, their application in regenerative medicine has not been efficient. A number of strategies such as genetic modification or treatment of stem cells with different factors have been used to improve the efficacy of cell therapy and to increase their survival after transplantation. This article reviews the effect of apelin treatment on the efficacy of cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnaz Esmaeili
- Diabetic Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1411713137, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Bandarian
- Diabetic Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1411713137, Iran
| | - Behnaz Esmaeili
- Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14194, Iran
| | - Ensieh Nasli-Esfahani
- Diabetic Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1411713137, Iran
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Abdelrazik H, Giordano E, Barbanti Brodano G, Griffoni C, De Falco E, Pelagalli A. Substantial Overview on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Biological and Physical Properties as an Opportunity in Translational Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215386. [PMID: 31671788 PMCID: PMC6862078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have piqued worldwide interest for their extensive potential to treat a large array of clinical indications, their unique and controversial immunogenic and immune modulatory properties allowing ample discussions and debates for their possible applications. Emerging data demonstrating that the interaction of biomaterials and physical cues with MSC can guide their differentiation into specific cell lineages also provide new interesting insights for further MSC manipulation in different clinical applications. Moreover, recent discoveries of some regulatory molecules and signaling pathways in MSC niche that may regulate cell fate to distinct lineage herald breakthroughs in regenerative medicine. Although the advancement and success in the MSC field had led to an enormous increase in the amount of ongoing clinical trials, we still lack defined clinical therapeutic protocols. This review will explore the exciting opportunities offered by human and animal MSC, describing relevant biological properties of these cells in the light of the novel emerging evidence mentioned above while addressing the limitations and challenges MSC are still facing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Abdelrazik
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cairo University, Cairo 1137, Egypt.
- Department of Diagnosis, central laboratory department, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16131 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Emanuele Giordano
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi" (DEI), University of Bologna, 47522 Cesena, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Barbanti Brodano
- Department of Oncological and Degenerative Spine Surgery, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Cristiana Griffoni
- Department of Oncological and Degenerative Spine Surgery, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Elena De Falco
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy.
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80122 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Pelagalli
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages (IBB), National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy.
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Choi JW, Moon H, Jung SE, Lim S, Lee S, Kim IK, Lee HB, Lee J, Song BW, Kim SW, Hwang KC. Hypoxia Rapidly Induces the Expression of Cardiomyogenic Factors in Human Adipose-Derived Adherent Stromal Cells. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E1231. [PMID: 31443313 PMCID: PMC6723458 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8081231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of interstitial vascular fraction (SVF) transplantation in the treatment of heart disease has been proven in a variety of in vivo studies. In a previous study, we found that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) altered their expression of several cardiomyogenic factors under hypoxic conditions. METHODS We hypothesized that hypoxia may also induce obtained adipose-derived adherent stromal cells (ADASs) from SVFs and adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) to differentiate into cardiomyocytes and/or cells with comparable phenotypes. We examined the differentiation markers of cell lineages in ADASs and ASCs according to time by hypoxic stress and found that only ADASs expressed cardiomyogenic markers within 24 h under hypoxic conditions in association with the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α (HIF-1α). RESULTS Differentially secreted proteins in a conditioned medium (CM) from ASCs and ADASs under normoxic or hypoxic conditions were detected using an antibody assay and may be associated with a dramatic increase in the expression of cardiomyogenic markers in only ADASs. Furthermore, the cardiomyogenic factors were expressed more rapidly in ADASs than in ASCs under hypoxic conditions in association with the expression of HIF-1α, and angiogenin, fibroblast growth factor-19 (FGF-19) and/or macrophage inhibitory factor (MIF) are related. CONCLUSIONS These results provide new insights into the applicability of ADASs preconditioned by hypoxic stress in cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Won Choi
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do 210-701, Korea
| | - Hanbyeol Moon
- Department of Integrated Omics for Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Seung Eun Jung
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do 210-701, Korea
| | - Soyeon Lim
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do 210-701, Korea
- International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon Metropolitan City 22711, Korea
| | - Seahyoung Lee
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do 210-701, Korea
- International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon Metropolitan City 22711, Korea
| | - Il-Kwon Kim
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do 210-701, Korea
- International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon Metropolitan City 22711, Korea
| | - Hoon-Bum Lee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon Metropolitan City 22711, Korea
| | - Jiyun Lee
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do 210-701, Korea
| | - Byeong-Wook Song
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do 25601, Korea
| | - Sang Woo Kim
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do 210-701, Korea.
- International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon Metropolitan City 22711, Korea.
| | - Ki-Chul Hwang
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do 210-701, Korea.
- International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon Metropolitan City 22711, Korea.
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18
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Meng SS, Xu XP, Chang W, Lu ZH, Huang LL, Xu JY, Liu L, Qiu HB, Yang Y, Guo FM. LincRNA-p21 promotes mesenchymal stem cell migration capacity and survival through hypoxic preconditioning. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:280. [PMID: 30359325 PMCID: PMC6202870 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1031-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from bone marrow have potent stabilizing effects for the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, low efficiency and survival in MSC homing to injured lung tissue remains to be solved. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess whether large intergenic noncoding RNA (LincRNA)-p21 promote MSC migration and survival capacity through hypoxic preconditioning in vitro. Methods MSCs were cultured and divided into the normoxia culture group (20% O2) and hypoxia culture group (1% O2). To determine roles and mechanisms, lentivirus vector-mediated LincRNA-p21 knockdown of MSCs and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α) inhibitor KC7F2 were introduced. Additionally, MSC migration was analyzed by scratch test and transwell migration assays. MSC proliferation was tested by cell counting kit-8 and trypan blue dye. Apoptosis was detected by Annexin V-PE/7-AAD stained flow cytometry. Moreover, LincRNA-p21 and HIF-1α mRNA was measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and HIF-1α and CXCR4/7 protein were assayed by western blot (WB) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Apoptosis protein caspase-3 and cleaved-caspase-3 were investigated by WB analysis. Considering interactions between VHL and HIF-1α under LincRNA-p21 effect, co-immunoprecipitation was detected. Results Hypoxic preconditioning MSC promoted migration capacity and MSC survival than normoxia culture group. MSCs induced by hypoxic preconditioning evoked an increase in expression of LincRNA-p21, HIF-1α, and CXCR4/7(both were chemokine stromal-derived factor-1(SDF-1) receptors). Contrarily, blockade of LincRNA-p21 by shRNA and HIF-1α inhibitor KC7F2 abrogated upregulation of hypoxic preconditioning induced CXCR4/7 in MSCs, cell migration, and survival. Furthermore, co-immunoprecipitation assay revealed that hypoxic preconditioning isolated VHL and HIF-1α protein by increasing HIF-1α expression. Conclusions Hypoxic preconditioning was identified as a promoting factor of MSC migration and survival capacity. LincRNA-p21 promotes MSC migration and survival capacity through HIF-1α/CXCR4 and CXCR7 pathway under hypoxic preconditioning in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Meng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, No.87, Dingjiaqiao Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiu-Ping Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, No.87, Dingjiaqiao Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wei Chang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, No.87, Dingjiaqiao Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Lu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, No.87, Dingjiaqiao Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Li-Li Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, No.87, Dingjiaqiao Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, No.87, Dingjiaqiao Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, No.87, Dingjiaqiao Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hai-Bo Qiu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, No.87, Dingjiaqiao Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, No.87, Dingjiaqiao Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Feng-Mei Guo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, No.87, Dingjiaqiao Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Zhang Y, Xing Y, Jia L, Ji Y, Zhao B, Wen Y, Xu X. An In Vitro Comparative Study of Multisource Derived Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Bone Tissue Engineering. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:1634-1645. [PMID: 30234437 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been considered promising tools for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, the optimal cell source for bone regeneration remains controversial. To better identify seed cells for bone tissue engineering, we compared MSCs from seven different tissues, including four from dental origins, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), gingival MSCs (GMSCs), and dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs); two from somatic origins, bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs); and one from birth-associated perinatal tissue umbilical cord (UCMSCs). We cultured the cells under a standardized culture condition and studied their biological characteristics. According to our results, these cells exhibited similar immunophenotype and had potential for multilineage differentiation. MSCs from dental and perinatal tissues proliferated more rapidly than those from somatic origins. Simultaneously, DPSCs and PDLSCs owned stronger antiapoptotic ability under the microenvironment of oxidative stress combined with serum deprivation. In respect to osteogenic differentiation, the two somatic MSCs, BM-MSCs and ADSCs, demonstrated the strongest ability for osteogenesis compared to PDLSCs and DFSCs, which were just a little bit weaker than the formers. However, GMSCs and UCMSCs were the most pertinacious ones to differentiate to osteoblasts. We also revealed that the canonical intracellular protein kinase-based cascade signaling pathways, including PI3K/AKT, MAPK/ERK, and p38 MAPK, possessed different levels of activation in different MSCs after osteoblast induction. Our conclusions suggest that PDLSCs might be a good potential alternative to BM-MSCs for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Zhang
- 1 School of Stomatology, Shandong University , Jinan, P.R. China .,2 Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration , Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Yixiao Xing
- 1 School of Stomatology, Shandong University , Jinan, P.R. China .,2 Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration , Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Linglu Jia
- 1 School of Stomatology, Shandong University , Jinan, P.R. China .,2 Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration , Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Yawen Ji
- 1 School of Stomatology, Shandong University , Jinan, P.R. China .,2 Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration , Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhao
- 1 School of Stomatology, Shandong University , Jinan, P.R. China .,2 Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration , Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Yong Wen
- 1 School of Stomatology, Shandong University , Jinan, P.R. China .,2 Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration , Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Xin Xu
- 1 School of Stomatology, Shandong University , Jinan, P.R. China .,2 Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration , Jinan, P.R. China
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McGrath AM, Brohlin M, Wiberg R, Kingham PJ, Novikov LN, Wiberg M, Novikova LN. Long-Term Effects of Fibrin Conduit with Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Immunosuppression after Peripheral Nerve Repair in a Xenogenic Model. CELL MEDICINE 2018; 10:2155179018760327. [PMID: 32634185 PMCID: PMC6172997 DOI: 10.1177/2155179018760327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Previously we showed that a fibrin glue conduit with human mesenchymal stem cells
(hMSCs) and cyclosporine A (CsA) enhanced early nerve regeneration. In this study long
term effects of this conduit are investigated. Methods: In a rat model, the sciatic nerve was repaired with fibrin conduit containing fibrin
matrix, fibrin conduit containing fibrin matrix with CsA treatment and fibrin conduit
containing fibrin matrix with hMSCs and CsA treatment, and also with nerve graft as
control. Results: At 12 weeks 34% of motoneurons of the control group regenerated axons through the
fibrin conduit. CsA treatment alone or with hMSCs resulted in axon regeneration of 67%
and 64% motoneurons respectively. The gastrocnemius muscle weight was reduced in the
conduit with fibrin matrix. The treatment with CsA or CsA with hMSCs induced recovery of
the muscle weight and size of fast type fibers towards the levels of the nerve graft
group. Discussion: The transplantation of hMSCs for peripheral nerve injury should be optimized to
demonstrate their beneficial effects. The CsA may have its own effect on nerve
regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra M McGrath
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section for Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Surgical and Perioperative Science, Section for Hand and Plastic Surgery, Norrland's University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Maria Brohlin
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section for Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Infection and Immunology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rebecca Wiberg
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section for Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Surgical and Perioperative Science, Section for Hand and Plastic Surgery, Norrland's University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Paul J Kingham
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section for Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lev N Novikov
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section for Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mikael Wiberg
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section for Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Surgical and Perioperative Science, Section for Hand and Plastic Surgery, Norrland's University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Liudmila N Novikova
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section for Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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21
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Mullick M, Sen D. The Delta Opioid Peptide DADLE Represses Hypoxia-Reperfusion Mimicked Stress Mediated Apoptotic Cell Death in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Part by Downregulating the Unfolded Protein Response and ROS along with Enhanced Anti-Inflammatory Effect. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2018; 14:558-573. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-018-9810-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Ge L, Yu D, Su R, Cao Y. [Effects of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α on hypoxic tolerance of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2018; 32:264-269. [PMID: 29806273 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.201710104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective Under hypoxic conditions, the survival and apoptosis of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) were observed by transient transfection of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) gene, to investigate the effect of HIF-1α on hypoxic tolerance of hAMSCs. Methods The hAMSCs were isolated and cultured from amniotic membrane tissue from voluntary donors who were treated with cesarean section. And the morphological observation by inverted phase contrast microscope and immunofluorescence detection of the expressions of stem cell markers OCT-4 and NANOG were performed to identify the cultured cells. The third generation hAMSCs were treated with 200 μmol/L CoCl 2, and transient transfection of plasmids were added according to the following grouping: group A was hAMSCs blank group; group B was pcDNA3.1 negative control group; group C was short hairpin RNA (shRNA) negative control group; group D was shRNA-HIF-1α interference group; group E was pcDNA3.1-HIF-1α over expression group. Cell survival rate of each group was measured by cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) at 12, 24, 48 hours after hypoxia treatment. Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis rate of each group at 24 hours after hypoxia treatment. The expression levels of HIF-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bax, and cleaved Caspase-3 (C-Caspase-3) proteins were detected by Western blot at 24 hours after hypoxia treatment. Results CCK-8 assay showed that the cell survival rate of group D was significantly lower than those of groups A and C at all time points after hypoxia treatment; while the cell survival rate in group E was significantly increased than those in groups A and B, and the diffrences at 24 hours were significant ( P<0.05). In group E, the cell survival rate at 24 hours was significantly higher than those at 12 and 48 hours ( P<0.05). The results of flow cytometry showed that the apoptosis rate in group D was significantly higher than those in groups A and C ( P<0.05), and the apoptosis rate in group E was significantly lower than those in groups A and B ( P<0.05). Western blot showed that the expressions of HIF-1α, VEGF, and Bcl-2 proteins in group D were significantly decreased when compared with those in groups A and C, and the expressions of Bax and C-Caspase-3 proteins were significantly increased ( P<0.05). On the contrary, the expressions of HIF-1α, VEGF, and Bcl-2 proteins in group E were significantly higher than those in groups A and B, and the expressions of Bax and C-Caspase-3 proteins were significantly decreased ( P<0.05). Conclusion Overexpression of HIF-1α gene can significantly improve hAMSCs tolerance to hypoxia, the mechanism may be related to up-regulation of VEGF and Bcl-2 expressions, and down-regulation of Bax and C-Caspase-3 expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihao Ge
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou Liaoning, 121001, P.R.China
| | - Deshui Yu
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou Liaoning, 121001,
| | - Ruichao Su
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou Liaoning, 121001, P.R.China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou Liaoning, 121001, P.R.China
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Gu W, Hong X, Potter C, Qu A, Xu Q. Mesenchymal stem cells and vascular regeneration. Microcirculation 2018; 24. [PMID: 27681821 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, MSCs have emerged as a promising therapeutic cell type in regenerative medicine. They hold great promise for treating cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction and limb ischemia. MSCs may be utilized in both cell-based therapy and vascular graft engineering to restore vascular function, thereby providing therapeutic benefits to patients. The efficacy of MSCs lies in their multipotent differentiation ability toward vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells and other cell types, as well as their capacity to secrete various trophic factors, which are potent in promoting angiogenesis, inhibiting apoptosis and modulating immunoreaction. Increasing our understanding of the mechanisms of MSC involvement in vascular regeneration will be beneficial in boosting present therapeutic approaches and developing novel ones to treat cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we aim to summarize current progress in characterizing the in vivo identity of MSCs, to discuss mechanisms involved in cell-based therapy utilizing MSCs, and to explore current and future strategies for vascular regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenduo Gu
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, UK
| | - Xuechong Hong
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, UK
| | - Claire Potter
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, UK
| | - Aijuan Qu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, UK
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24
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Liang W, Huang X, Chen W. The Effects of Baicalin and Baicalein on Cerebral Ischemia: A Review. Aging Dis 2017; 8:850-867. [PMID: 29344420 PMCID: PMC5758355 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, producing a high mortality and morbidity rate, is a common clinical disease. Enhancing the prevention and control of ischemic stroke is particularly important. Baicalin and its aglycon baicalein are flavonoids extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis, an important traditional Chinese herb. In recent years, a growing body of evidences has shown that baicalin and baicalein could be effective in the treatment of cerebral ischemia. Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that baicalin could penetrate the blood-brain barrier and distribute in cerebral nuclei. Through a variety of in vitro and in vivo models of ischemic neuronal injury, numerous studies have demonstrated that baicalin and baicalein have salutary effect for neuroprotection. Especially, the studies on the pharmacological mechanism showed that baicalin and baicalein have several pharmacological activities, which include antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-excitotoxicity effects, protection of the mitochondria, promoting neuronal protective factors expression and adult neurogenesis effects and many more. This review focuses on the neuroprotective effects of baicalin and baicalein in ischemia or stroke-induced neuronal cell death. We aimed at collecting all important information regarding the neuroprotective effect and its pharmacological mechanism of baicalin and baicalein in various in vivo and in vitro experimental models of ischemic neuronal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Wenqiang Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, ChinaThese authors equally contributed to this work
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Transplantation of Rat Mesenchymal Stem Cells Overexpressing Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 2 α Improves Blood Perfusion and Arteriogenesis in a Rat Hindlimb Ischemia Model. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:3794817. [PMID: 29238372 PMCID: PMC5697133 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3794817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been increasingly tested in cell-based therapy to treat numerous diseases. Genetic modification to improve MSC behavior may enhance posttransplantation outcome. This study aims to test the potential therapeutic benefits of rat bone marrow MSCs overexpressing hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (rMSCsHIF-2α) in a rat hindlimb ischemia model. PBS, rMSCs, or rMSCsHIF-2α were injected into rat ischemic hindlimb. Compared with the injection of PBS or rMSCs, transplantation of rMSCsHIF-2α significantly improved blood perfusion, increased the number of vessel branches in the muscle of the ischemic hindlimb, and improved the foot mobility of the ischemic hindlimb (all P < 0.05). rMSCHIF-2α transplantation also markedly increased the expression of proangiogenic factors VEGF, bFGF, and SDF1 and Notch signaling proteins including DII4, NICD, Hey1, and Hes1, whereas it reduced the expression of proapoptotic factor Bax in the muscle of the ischemic hindlimb. Overexpression of HIF-2α did not affect rMSC stemness and proliferation under normoxia but significantly increased rMSC migration and tube formation in matrigel under hypoxia (all P < 0.05). RMSCsHIF-2α stimulated endothelial cell invasion under hypoxia significantly (P < 0.05). Genetic modification of rMSCs via overexpression of HIF-2α improves posttransplantation outcomes in a rat hindlimb ischemia model possibly by stimulating proangiogenic growth factors and cytokines.
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26
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Wang J, Xiang B, Deng JX, Lin HY, Freed DH, Arora RC, Tian GH. Hypoxia enhances the therapeutic potential of superparamagnetic iron oxide-labeled adipose-derived stem cells for myocardial infarction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 37:516-522. [PMID: 28786062 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-017-1766-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) induce therapeutic angiogenesis due to pro-angiogenic cytokines secretion. Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles are critical for magnetic resonance (MR) tracking of implanted cells. Hypoxia is a powerful stimulus for angiogenic activity of ASCs. In this study, we investigated whether therapeutic potency could be enhanced by implantation of hypoxia-preconditioned SPIO-labeled ASCs (SPIOASCs) into the infarcted myocardium. ASCs and SPIOASCs were cultured under 2% O2 (hypoxia) or 95% air (normoxia). Cells were intramyocardially injected into the infarcted myocardium after 48-h culture. We found that hypoxia culture increased the mRNA expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in ASCs and SPIOASCs. The VEGF protein in the conditioned medium was significantly higher in hypoxic ASCs and SPIOASCs than in normoxic ASCs and SPIOASCs. The capillary density and left ventricular contractile function in the infarcted myocardium were significantly higher 4 weeks after implantation with hypoxic ASCs and SPIOASCs than with normoxic ASCs and SPIOASCs. Improvement in the capillary density and left ventricle function didn't differ between hypoxic ASCs-transplanted rats and hypoxic SPIOASCs-transplanted rats. Hypoxic culture enhanced the angiogenic efficiency of ASCs. It was concluded that implantation of hypoxic ASCs or SPIOASCs promotes therapeutic angiogenesis and cardiac function recovery in the infarcted myocardium. SPIO labeling does not impact the beneficial effect of hypoxic ASCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China. .,National Research Council of Canada, Winnipeg, R3B 1Y6, Canada. .,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3E 3P5, Canada.
| | - Bo Xiang
- National Research Council of Canada, Winnipeg, R3B 1Y6, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3E 0T6, Canada
| | - Ji-Xian Deng
- National Research Council of Canada, Winnipeg, R3B 1Y6, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3E 3P5, Canada
| | - Hung-Yu Lin
- National Research Council of Canada, Winnipeg, R3B 1Y6, Canada
| | - Darren H Freed
- National Research Council of Canada, Winnipeg, R3B 1Y6, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3E 3P5, Canada.,Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Rakesh C Arora
- National Research Council of Canada, Winnipeg, R3B 1Y6, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3E 3P5, Canada.,Cardiac Science Program, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, St. Boniface General Hospital, Winnipeg, R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Gang-Hong Tian
- National Research Council of Canada, Winnipeg, R3B 1Y6, Canada. .,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3E 3P5, Canada.
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Lee SC, Kim KH, Kim OH, Lee SK, Hong HE, Won SS, Jeon SJ, Choi BJ, Jeong W, Kim SJ. Determination of optimized oxygen partial pressure to maximize the liver regenerative potential of the secretome obtained from adipose-derived stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:181. [PMID: 28774345 PMCID: PMC5543744 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0635-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A hypoxic-preconditioned secretome from stem cells reportedly promotes the functional and regenerative capacity of the liver more effectively than a control secretome. However, the optimum oxygen partial pressure (pO2) in the cell culture system that maximizes the therapeutic potential of the secretome has not yet been determined. METHODS We first determined the cellular alterations in adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) cultured under different pO2 (21%, 10%, 5%, and 1%). Subsequently, partially hepatectomized mice were injected with the secretome of ASCs cultured under different pO2, and then sera and liver specimens were obtained for analyses. RESULTS Of all AML12 cells cultured under different pO2, the AML12 cells cultured under 1% pO2 showed the highest mRNA expression of proliferation-associated markers (IL-6, HGF, and VEGF). In the cell proliferation assay, the AML12 cells cultured with the secretome of 1% pO2 showed the highest cell proliferation, followed by the cells cultured with the secretome of 21%, 10%, and 5% pO2, in that order. When injected into the partially hepatectomized mice, the 1% pO2 secretome most significantly increased the number of Ki67-positive cells, reduced serum levels of proinflammatory mediators (IL-6 and TNF-α), and reduced serum levels of liver transaminases. In addition, analysis of the liver specimens indicated that injection with the 1% pO2 secretome maximized the expression of the intermediate molecules of the PIP3/Akt and IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathways, all of which are known to promote liver regeneration. CONCLUSIONS The data of this study suggest that the secretome of ASCs cultured under 1% pO2 has the highest liver reparative and regenerative potential of all the secretomes tested here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Chul Lee
- Department of Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daeheung-dong 520-2, Joong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee-Hwan Kim
- Department of Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Hee Kim
- Department of Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daeheung-dong 520-2, Joong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kuon Lee
- Department of Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daeheung-dong 520-2, Joong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Eun Hong
- Department of Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daeheung-dong 520-2, Joong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Su Won
- Department of Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daeheung-dong 520-2, Joong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jin Jeon
- Department of Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daeheung-dong 520-2, Joong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Jo Choi
- Department of Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daeheung-dong 520-2, Joong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjun Jeong
- Department of Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daeheung-dong 520-2, Joong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Say-June Kim
- Department of Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daeheung-dong 520-2, Joong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Kheirandish M, Gavgani SP, Samiee S. The effect of hypoxia preconditioning on the neural and stemness genes expression profiling in human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells. Transfus Apher Sci 2017; 56:392-399. [PMID: 28428031 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cell (hUB-MSCs) has been regarded as an alternative source for stem cell therapy. In this study, we evaluated the effect of hypoxia preconditioning (HPC) on the expression of Nt-3, GFAP, Nestin, Oct-4 and Nanog genes and proliferative capacity of hUB-MSCs in comparison with normoxic conditions. HPC+Hypoxia protocol includes cultured hUB-MSCs for 15min at 2.5% O2 and after that reoxygenation for 30min at 21% O2 (HPC), and then hypoxia preconditioned hUB-MSCs subjected to 2.5% O2 for 72h (Hypoxia). Conclusively, the results showed that hypoxic preconditioning is an effective strategy for enhancing proliferation capacity of hUB-MSCs, and also can trigger expression of some of the neural genes. In addition, the concept of involvement of oxygen tension in the expression of some of the neural genes of hUB-MSCs would be a good sign of enhanced neural differentiation potential in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Kheirandish
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Somaie Piri Gavgani
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Samiee
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
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29
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Ejtehadifar M, Shamsasenjan K, Akbarzadehlaleh P, Zahedi S, Kazemi N. The Effects of Hypoxia on U937 Cell Line in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Co-Culture System. Adv Pharm Bull 2016; 6:645-650. [PMID: 28101472 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2016.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are the most important members of Bone Marrow (BM) milieu. MSCs affect different kinds of cells, particularly malignant cells of hematologic malignancies, but the effects of MSCs are unclear exactly. Here we analyzed the effects of derived Umbilical Cord Blood-MSCs on proliferation, cell death and some surface markers of U937 cell line in a Co-culture system with MSCs. Methods: Here we designed Co-culture systems as a model of BM milieu. We cultured U937 cells on UCB-MSCs and MSCs Conditioned Medium (C.M) driven and then treated U937 cells with optimum concentration of chloride cobalt (CoCl2) as a hypoxia-mimetic agent. In addition, we applied suitable concentrations of H2O2 to induce cell death. Proliferation rate, cell death rate and some surface markers of hypoxic U937 cells were analyzed by MTT assay, flow cytometry and Real Time-PCR were flown respectively. Results: UCB-MSCs showed supportive effects on U937 proliferation rate in normoxia and hypoxia. Lethal effect of H2O2 suppressed in the presence of UCB-MSCs in hypoxia and normoxia. Among CD11a, CD14, CD49d, CD54 and CD116 markers, CD49d was down regulated in presence of UCB-MSCs and CD116 was up regulated in hypoxia. Other markers didn't show any significant changes. Conclusion: This work provides evidences that MSCs play critical roles in U937 cells biology. These observations shed new light on MSCs roles and demonstrated that MSCs should be regarded as an important member of BM milieu in several clinical applications such as BM transplantation prognosis and treatment of hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Ejtehadifar
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Karim Shamsasenjan
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parvin Akbarzadehlaleh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sarah Zahedi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Narjes Kazemi
- Department of Nursing, Faculty Nursing and Midwifery, Dezfule University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
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Wakai T, Narasimhan P, Sakata H, Wang E, Yoshioka H, Kinouchi H, Chan PH. Hypoxic preconditioning enhances neural stem cell transplantation therapy after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2016; 36:2134-2145. [PMID: 26661220 PMCID: PMC5363661 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x15613798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that intraparenchymal transplantation of neural stem cells ameliorates neurological deficits in animals with intracerebral hemorrhage. However, hemoglobin in the host brain environment causes massive grafted cell death and reduces the effectiveness of this approach. Several studies have shown that preconditioning induced by sublethal hypoxia can markedly improve the tolerance of treated subjects to more severe insults. Therefore, we investigated whether hypoxic preconditioning enhances neural stem cell resilience to the hemorrhagic stroke environment and improves therapeutic effects in mice. To assess whether hypoxic preconditioning enhances neural stem cell survival when exposed to hemoglobin, neural stem cells were exposed to 5% hypoxia for 24 hours before exposure to hemoglobin. To study the effectiveness of hypoxic preconditioning on grafted-neural stem cell recovery, neural stem cells subjected to hypoxic preconditioning were grafted into the parenchyma 3 days after intracerebral hemorrhage. Hypoxic preconditioning significantly enhanced viability of the neural stem cells exposed to hemoglobin and increased grafted-cell survival in the intracerebral hemorrhage brain. Hypoxic preconditioning also increased neural stem cell secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor. Finally, transplanted neural stem cells with hypoxic preconditioning exhibited enhanced tissue-protective capability that accelerated behavioral recovery. Our results suggest that hypoxic preconditioning in neural stem cells improves efficacy of stem cell therapy for intracerebral hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Wakai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, and Program in Neurosciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Purnima Narasimhan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, and Program in Neurosciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Sakata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, and Program in Neurosciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Eric Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Hideyuki Yoshioka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kinouchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Pak H Chan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, and Program in Neurosciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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Hypoxic Preconditioning Augments the Therapeutic Efficacy of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells in a Rat Ischemic Stroke Model. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 37:1115-1129. [PMID: 27858286 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0445-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) is a promising therapy for ischemic stroke, but the poor oxygen environment in brain lesions limits the efficacy of cell-based therapies. Here, we tested whether hypoxic preconditioning (HP) could augment the efficacy of BMSC transplantation in a rat ischemic stroke model and investigated the underlying mechanism of the effect of HP. In vitro, BMSCs were divided into five passage (P0, P1, P2, P3, and P4) groups, and HP was applied to the groups by incubating the cells with 1% oxygen for 0, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h, respectively. We demonstrated that the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) was increased in the HP-treated BMSCs, while their viability was unchanged. We also found that HP decreased the apoptosis of BMSCs during subsequent simulated ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, especially in the 8-h HP group. In vivo, a rat transient focal cerebral ischemia model was established. These rats were administered normal cultured BMSCs (N-BMSCs), HP-treated BMSCs (H-BMSCs), or DMEM cell culture medium (control) at 24 h after the ischemic insult. Compared with the DMEM control group, the two BMSC-transplanted groups exhibited significantly improved functional recovery and reduced infarct volume, especially the H-BMSC group. Moreover, HP decreased neuronal apoptosis and enhanced the expression of BDNF and VEGF in the ischemic brain. Survival and differentiation of transplanted BMSCs were also increased by HP, and the quantity of engrafted BMSCs was significantly correlated with neurological function improvement. These results suggest that HP may enhance the therapeutic efficacy of BMSCs in an ischemic stroke model. The underlying mechanism likely involves the inhibition of caspase-3 activation and an increasing expression of HIF-1α, which promotes angiogenesis and neurogenesis and thereby reduces neuronal death and improves neurological function.
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Hu Y, Lv X, Zhang J, Meng X. Comparative Study on the Protective Effects of Salidroside and Hypoxic Preconditioning for Attenuating Anoxia-Induced Apoptosis in Pheochromocytoma (PC12) Cells. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:4082-4091. [PMID: 27794583 PMCID: PMC5091243 DOI: 10.12659/msm.897640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia is an important sign that can result from body injuries or a special condition such as being at a high altitude or deep water diving. In the current studies, hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) plays a key role in reducing hypoxia-induced apoptosis. We aimed to study the pharmacologic preconditioning effects of salidroside versus those of HPC in hypoxia-/anoxia-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells (pheochromocytoma). MATERIAL AND METHODS PC12 cells were treated by different experimental conditions: control condition, hypoxia condition, HPC condition, low-/middle-/high-dose condition of salidroside, cyclosporine A (CsA), and oratractyloside (ATR). The cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), intracellular Ca2+, caspase-3 activity, and expression of Bcl-2 were detected in PC12 cells after the hypoxia treatment. Salidroside, extracted from the traditional Chinese herb Rhodiola rosea L, plays an essential role in reducing hypoxia-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells by the mitochondrial pathway. RESULTS Salidroside decreased the apoptosis and increased the viability of hypoxia-induced PC12 cells more effectively than HPC Moreover, salidroside markedly stabilized MMP and intracellular Ca2+, reduced or inhibited LDH and caspase-3 activity, and up-regulated Bcl-2; CsA and ATR showed corresponding function. CONCLUSIONS Salidroside administration restrains apoptosis induced by hypoxia in PC12 cells. The protective effects are mediated by preservation of mitochondrial integrity and MMP to inhibit the excessive Ca2+ influx and caspase-3 activity and to promote the Bcl-2 expression, providing a potential clinical and effective therapeutic mechanism to reduce deaths from ischemic or hypoxic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jing Zhang
- Corresponding Author: Jing Zhang, e-mail:
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Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone and Its Analogues: Significance for MSCs-Mediated Angiogenesis. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:8737589. [PMID: 27774107 PMCID: PMC5059609 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8737589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are promising candidates for regenerative medicine because of their multipotency, immune-privilege, and paracrine properties including the potential to promote angiogenesis. Accumulating evidence suggests that the inherent properties of cytoprotection and tissue repair by native MSCs can be enhanced by various preconditioning stimuli implemented prior to cell transplantation. Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), a stimulator in extrahypothalamus systems including tumors, has attracted great attentions in recent years because GHRH and its agonists could promote angiogenesis in various tissues. GHRH and its agonists are proangiogenic in responsive tissues including tumors, and GHRH antagonists have been tested as antitumor agents through their ability to suppress angiogenesis and cell growth. GHRH-R is expressed by MSCs and evolving work from our laboratory indicates that treatment of MSCs with GHRH agonists prior to cell transplantation markedly enhanced the angiogenic potential and tissue reparative properties of MSCs through a STAT3 signaling pathway. In this review we summarized the possible effects of GHRH analogues on cell growth and development, as well as on the proangiogenic properties of MSCs. We also discussed the relationship between GHRH analogues and MSC-mediated angiogenesis. The analyses provide new insights into molecular pathways of MSCs-based therapies and their augmentation by GHRH analogues.
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Shaked G, Czeiger D, Abu Arar A, Katz T, Harman-Boehm I, Sebbag G. Intermittent cycles of remote ischemic preconditioning augment diabetic foot ulcer healing. Wound Repair Regen 2016; 23:191-6. [PMID: 26083360 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The morbidity and mortality caused by diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) are still significant. Conservative treatment of DFU is often ineffective. Treatment modalities using stem cells directly into the DFU or systematically have been introduced recently. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) has been proved to be a cheap, simple, and safe method which can augment stem cells number in the peripheral blood circulation. This study's purpose was to test whether IPC can improve DFU healing. Forty diabetic patients were enrolled and divided into study and control groups. All patients received their regular treatment. The study group patients received in addition brief, transient cycles of IPC while the control group patients received a sham procedure only. The procedure was repeated every 2 weeks to complete a follow-up period of 6 weeks. The ulcers were photographed to measure wound area, and the degree of granulation tissue was assessed. No serious adverse events were noted. Twenty-two patients from the study group and 12 from the control group completed the entire follow-up. The ratio of patients who reached complete healing of their ulcer was 9/22 (41%) in the study group compared with 0/12 (0%) in the control group, p = 0.01. Furthermore, the mean remaining ulcer area at the end of the follow-up was significantly smaller in the study group, 25 ± 6% of the initial area vs. 61 ± 10% in the control group, p = 0.007. The degree of granulation increased after one cycle of treatment in 8/24 (33%) study patients compared to 3/16 (19%) in the control group, p = 0.47. Remote, repeated IPC significantly improves the healing of DFU. This simple, safe, inexpensive treatment method should be considered to be routinely applied to diabetic patients with DFU in addition to other regular treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ilana Harman-Boehm
- Department of Internal Medicine C and the Diabetes Unit, Soroka University Medical Center and Ben-Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel
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Oxygen cycling to improve survival of stem cells for myocardial repair: A review. Life Sci 2016; 153:124-31. [PMID: 27091653 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Heart disease represents the leading cause of death among Americans. There is currently no clinical treatment to regenerate viable myocardium following myocardial infarction, and patients may suffer progressive deterioration and decreased myocardial function from the effects of remodeling of the necrotic myocardium. New therapeutic strategies hold promise for patients who suffer from ischemic heart disease by directly addressing the restoration of functional myocardium following death of cardiomyocytes. Therapeutic stem cell transplantation has shown modest benefit in clinical human trials with decreased fibrosis and increased functional myocardium. Moreover, autologous transplantation holds the potential to implement these therapies while avoiding the immunomodulation concerns of heart transplantation. Despite these benefits, stem cell therapy has been characterized by poor survival and low engraftment of injected stem cells. The hypoxic tissue environment of the ischemic/infracting myocardium impedes stem cell survival and engraftment in myocardial tissue. Hypoxic preconditioning has been suggested as a viable strategy to increase hypoxic tolerance of stem cells. A number of in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated improved stem cell viability by altering stem cell secretion of protein signals and up-regulation of numerous paracrine signaling pathways that affect inflammatory, survival, and angiogenic signaling pathways. This review will discuss both the mechanisms of hypoxic preconditioning as well as the effects of hypoxic preconditioning in different cell and animal models, examining the pitfalls in current research and the next steps into potentially implementing this methodology in clinical research trials.
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Hypoxic preconditioning potentiates the trophic effects of mesenchymal stem cells on co-cultured human primary hepatocytes. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:237. [PMID: 26626568 PMCID: PMC4667488 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0218-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) improve the metabolic function of co-cultured hepatocytes. The present study aimed to further enhance the trophic effects of co-culture with hepatocytes using hypoxic preconditioning (HPc) of the MSCs and also to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms involved. Methods Human adipose tissue-derived MSCs were subjected to hypoxia (2 % O2; HPc) or normoxia (20 % O2) for 24 h and then co-cultured with isolated human hepatocytes. Assays of metabolic function and apoptosis were performed to investigate the hepatotrophic and anti-apoptotic effects of co-culture. Indirect co-cultures and co-culture with MSC-conditioned medium investigated the role of paracrine factors in the hepatotrophic effects of co-culture. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity was antagonised with N-acetylcysteine to investigate whether HPc potentiated the effects of MSCs by intracellular ROS-dependent mechanisms. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and extracellular collagen production was determined and CASP9 and BAX/BCL-2 signalling pathways analysed to investigate the role of soluble factors, extracellular matrix deposition, and apoptosis-associated gene signalling in the effects of co-culture. Results HPc potentiated the hepatotrophic and anti-apoptotic effects of co-culture by ROS-dependent mechanisms. There was increased MSC TGF-β1 production, and enhanced MSC deposition of extracellular collagen, with reduced synthesis of TNF-α, as well as a downregulation of the expression of pro-apoptotic CASP9, BAX, BID and BLK genes and upregulated expression of anti-apoptotic BCL-2 in hepatocytes. Conclusions HPc potentiated the trophic and anti-apoptotic effects of MSCs on hepatocytes via mechanisms including intracellular ROS, autocrine TGF-β, extracellular collagen and caspase and BAX/BCL-2 signalling pathways. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-015-0218-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Bader AM, Klose K, Bieback K, Korinth D, Schneider M, Seifert M, Choi YH, Kurtz A, Falk V, Stamm C. Hypoxic Preconditioning Increases Survival and Pro-Angiogenic Capacity of Human Cord Blood Mesenchymal Stromal Cells In Vitro. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138477. [PMID: 26380983 PMCID: PMC4575058 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic preconditioning was shown to improve the therapeutic efficacy of bone marrow-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) upon transplantation in ischemic tissue. Given the interest in clinical applications of umbilical cord blood-derived MSCs, we developed a specific hypoxic preconditioning protocol and investigated its anti-apoptotic and pro-angiogenic effects on cord blood MSCs undergoing simulated ischemia in vitro by subjecting them to hypoxia and nutrient deprivation with or without preceding hypoxic preconditioning. Cell number, metabolic activity, surface marker expression, chromosomal stability, apoptosis (caspases-3/7 activity) and necrosis were determined, and phosphorylation, mRNA expression and protein secretion of selected apoptosis and angiogenesis-regulating factors were quantified. Then, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were subjected to simulated ischemia in co-culture with hypoxically preconditioned or naïve cord blood MSCs, and HUVEC proliferation was measured. Migration, proliferation and nitric oxide production of HUVECs were determined in presence of cord blood MSC-conditioned medium. Cord blood MSCs proved least sensitive to simulated ischemia when they were preconditioned for 24 h, while their basic behavior, immunophenotype and karyotype in culture remained unchanged. Here, “post-ischemic” cell number and metabolic activity were enhanced and caspase-3/7 activity and lactate dehydrogenase release were reduced as compared to non-preconditioned cells. Phosphorylation of AKT and BAD, mRNA expression of BCL-XL, BAG1 and VEGF, and VEGF protein secretion were higher in preconditioned cells. Hypoxically preconditioned cord blood MSCs enhanced HUVEC proliferation and migration, while nitric oxide production remained unchanged. We conclude that hypoxic preconditioning protects cord blood MSCs by activation of anti-apoptotic signaling mechanisms and enhances their angiogenic potential. Hence, hypoxic preconditioning might be a translationally relevant strategy to increase the tolerance of cord blood MSCs to ischemia and improve their therapeutic efficacy in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Matthäus Bader
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristin Klose
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karen Bieback
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Maria Schneider
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina Seifert
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Kurtz
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Christof Stamm
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Chen CL, Zheng H, Xuan Y, Amat A, Chen L, Yu J, Wang J. The cardioprotective effect of hypoxic and ischemic preconditioning in dogs with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury using a double-bypass model. Life Sci 2015; 141:25-31. [PMID: 26365363 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The effects of preconditioning on cardioprotection have mainly been studied in vitro. No sufficient in vivo experiments have been performed to optimize ischemic preconditioning (IPC) or hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) for clinical applications. The purpose of this study was to establish a canine double-bypass model to examine the effect of IPC and HPC on cardiomyocytes and heart function. MATERIALS AND METHODS A double-bypass procedure to enable independent control of systemic and coronary circulation was established in dogs. The animals were divided into control, HPC, and IPC groups (n=6 each). Indicators of cardiac function, including cardiodynamics, hemodynamics, ATP, and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) levels; myocardium morphology; and myocardiocyte apoptosis were determined. KEY FINDINGS Both IPC and HPC attenuated the reperfusion-induced decrease in left ventricular end systolic pressure seen in the control group. Both the HPC and IPC groups had lower serum cTnI levels, better myocardiocyte histology, and lower rates of apoptosis compared to the control group without preconditioning. HPC reduced the abnormal cardiomyocyte histology and apoptosis to a greater extent than IPC, and only HPC significantly restored the depletion of ATP. SIGNIFICANCE This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the double-bypass model for the optimized study of both HPC and IPC. The results suggest that HPC may provide better cardioprotection than IPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ling Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China.
| | - Yan Xuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China
| | - Ablikim Amat
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China
| | - Jin Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China
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Effects of Exendin-4 on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis in vitro. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12898. [PMID: 26250571 PMCID: PMC4528192 DOI: 10.1038/srep12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are regarded as an attractive source of therapeutic stem cells for myocardial infarction. However, their limited self-renewal capacity, low migration capacity and poor viability after transplantation hamper the clinical use of MSC; thus, a strategy to enhance the biological functions of MSC is required. Exendin-4 (Ex-4), a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, exerts cell-protective effects on many types of cells. However, little information is available regarding the influence of Ex-4 on MSC. In our study, MSC were isolated from bone marrow and cultured in vitro. After treatment with Ex-4, MSC displayed a higher proliferative capacity, increased C-X-C motif receptor 4 (CXCR4) expression and an enhanced migration response. Moreover, in H2O2-induced apoptosis, Ex-4 preserved mitochondrial function through scavenging ROS and balancing the expression of anti- and pro-apoptotic proteins, leading to the inhibition of the mitochondria-dependent cell death pathways and increased cell survival. Moreover, higher phospho-Akt (p-Akt) expression was observed after Ex-4 intervention. However, blockade of the PI3K/Akt pathway with inhibitors suppressed the above cytoprotective effects of Ex-4, suggesting that the PI3K/Akt pathway is partly responsible for Ex-4-mediated MSC growth, mobilization and survival. These findings provide an attractive method of maximizing the effectiveness of MSC-based therapies in clinical applications.
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Zhu P, Liu J, Shi J, Zhou Q, Liu J, Zhang X, Du Z, Liu Q, Guo Y. Melatonin protects ADSCs from ROS and enhances their therapeutic potency in a rat model of myocardial infarction. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:2232-43. [PMID: 26081690 PMCID: PMC4568927 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. In the last decade, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) based cell therapy has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy. Although great advance have been made using MSCs to treat MI, the low viability of transplanted MSCs severely limits the efficiency of MSCs therapy. Here, we show evidence that ex vivo pre-treatment with melatonin, an endogenous hormone with newly found anti-oxidative activity, could improve survival and function of adipose tissue derived MSCs (ADSCs) in vitro as well as in vivo. ADSCs with 5 μM melatonin pre-treatment for 24 hrs showed increased expression of the antioxidant enzyme catalase and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD-1), as well as pro-angiogenic and mitogenic factors like insulin-like growth factor 1, basic fibroblast growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), epidermal growth factor. Furthermore, melatonin pre-treatment protected MSCs from reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced apoptosis both directly by promoting anti-apoptosis kinases like p-Akt as well as blocking caspase cascade, and indirectly by restoring the ROS impaired cell adhesion. Using a rat model of MI, we found that melatonin pre-treatment enhanced the viability of engrafted ADSCs, and promoted their therapeutic potency. Hopefully, our results may shed light on the design of more effective therapeutic strategies treating MI by MSCs in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhu
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxin Shi
- Shijingshan Teaching Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing Shijingshan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The Center Hospital of Zhoukou, Henan Province, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Civil Aviation General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xianwei Zhang
- The Health Department of Guard Bureau in the General Staff, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyan Du
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaowei Liu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Shijingshan Teaching Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing Shijingshan Hospital, Beijing, China
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Lan YW, Choo KB, Chen CM, Hung TH, Chen YB, Hsieh CH, Kuo HP, Chong KY. Hypoxia-preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells attenuate bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:97. [PMID: 25986930 PMCID: PMC4487587 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0081-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive diffuse parenchymal lung disorder of unknown etiology. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy is a novel approach with great therapeutic potential for the treatment of lung diseases. Despite demonstration of MSC grafting, the populations of engrafted MSCs have been shown to decrease dramatically 24 hours post-transplantation due to exposure to harsh microenvironments. Hypoxia is known to induce expression of cytoprotective genes and also secretion of anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and anti-fibrotic factors. Hypoxic preconditioning is thought to enhance the therapeutic potency and duration of survival of engrafted MSCs. In this work, we aimed to prolong the duration of survival of engrafted MSCs and to enhance the effectiveness of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis transplantation therapy by the use of hypoxia-preconditioned MSCs. METHODS Hypoxic preconditioning was achieved in MSCs under an optimal hypoxic environment. The expression levels of cytoprotective factors and their biological effects on damaged alveolar epithelial cells or transforming growth factor-beta 1-treated fibroblast cells were studied in co-culture experiments in vitro. Furthermore, hypoxia-preconditioned MSCs (HP-MSCs) were intratracheally instilled into bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mice at day 3, and lung functions, cellular, molecular and pathological changes were assessed at 7 and 21 days after bleomycin administration. RESULTS The expression of genes for pro-survival, anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidant and growth factors was upregulated in MSCs under hypoxic conditions. In transforming growth factor-beta 1-treated MRC-5 fibroblast cells, hypoxia-preconditioned MSCs attenuated extracellular matrix production through paracrine effects. The pulmonary respiratory functions significantly improved for up to 18 days of hypoxia-preconditioned MSC treatment. Expression of inflammatory factors and fibrotic factor were all downregulated in the lung tissues of the hypoxia-preconditioned MSC-treated mice. Histopathologic examination observed a significant amelioration of the lung fibrosis. Several LacZ-labeled MSCs were observed within the lungs in the hypoxia-preconditioned MSC treatment groups at day 21, but no signals were detected in the normoxic MSC group. Our data further demonstrated that upregulation of hepatocyte growth factor possibly played an important role in mediating the therapeutic effects of transplanted hypoxia-preconditioned MSCs. CONCLUSION Transplantation of hypoxia-preconditioned MSCs exerted better therapeutic effects in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrotic mice and enhanced the survival rate of engrafted MSCs, partially due to the upregulation of hepatocyte growth factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Wei Lan
- Division of Biotechnology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Kong-Bung Choo
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Centre for Stem Cell Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Chuan-Mu Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Rong-Hsing Translational Medicine Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Tsai-Hsien Hung
- Division of Biotechnology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Young-Bin Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Chung-Hsing Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, St Paul's Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Ton-Yen General Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Han-Pin Kuo
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Pulmonary Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Kowit-Yu Chong
- Division of Biotechnology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Liang X, Ding Y, Zhang Y, Tse HF, Lian Q. Paracrine mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy: current status and perspectives. Cell Transplant 2015; 23:1045-59. [PMID: 23676629 DOI: 10.3727/096368913x667709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 626] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are one of a few stem cell types to be applied in clinical practice as therapeutic agents for immunomodulation and ischemic tissue repair. In addition to their multipotent differentiation potential, a strong paracrine capacity has been proposed as the principal mechanism that contributes to tissue repair. Apart from cytokine/chemokine secretion, MSCs also display a strong capacity for mitochondrial transfer and microvesicle (exosomes) secretion in response to injury with subsequent promotion of tissue regeneration. These unique properties of MSCs make them an invaluable cell type to repair damaged tissues/organs. Although MSCs offer great promise in the treatment of degenerative diseases and inflammatory disorders, there are still many challenges to overcome prior to their widespread clinical application. Particularly, their in-depth paracrine mechanisms remain a matter for debate and exploration. This review will highlight the discovery of the paracrine mechanism of MSCs, regulation of the paracrine biology of MSCs, important paracrine factors of MSCs in modulation of tissue repair, exosome and mitochondrial transfer for tissue repair, and the future perspective for MSC-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Liang
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Decreased vascular endothelial growth factor expression is associated with cell apoptosis in low-dose aspirin-induced gastric mucosal injury. Am J Med Sci 2015; 349:110-6. [PMID: 25607509 DOI: 10.1097/maj.0000000000000409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of low-dose aspirin (LDA) has emerged as an important cause of gastrointestinal ulcers. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between LDA-induced gastric mucosal injury and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cell apoptosis in elderly Chinese patients. METHODS A total of 136 patients aged 60 to 80 years with LDA-induced (100 mg/d for at least 1 month) gastric mucosal injury and 48 age-matched healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into a low-severity group and a high-severity group based on their modified Lanza scale scores. Biopsy specimens of gastric mucosa from all participants were subjected to immunohistochemical staining for VEGF expression and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining for cell apoptosis. Staining indices and apoptotic indices were applied to assess VEGF expression level and the extent of cell apoptosis. RESULTS VEGF expression decreased significantly in the 2 patient groups, whereas the extent of cell apoptosis significantly increased compared with the control group. Furthermore, Spearman's correlation coefficients suggest that VEGF expression levels and the extent of cell apoptosis in gastric mucosae shared a significant correlation with the severity of LDA-induced gastric mucosal injury. Receiver operating characteristics analysis further confirmed these results. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide important clues as to the underlying molecular mechanism behind gastric mucosal injury resulting from exposure to LDA in elderly adults, and also suggest that interventions specifically targeting the pathways associated with angiogenesis and apoptosis may help facilitate the healing process.
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Amiri F, Jahanian-Najafabadi A, Roudkenar MH. In vitro augmentation of mesenchymal stem cells viability in stressful microenvironments : In vitro augmentation of mesenchymal stem cells viability. Cell Stress Chaperones 2015; 20:237-51. [PMID: 25527070 PMCID: PMC4326383 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-014-0560-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are under intensive investigation for use in cell-based therapies because their differentiation abilities, immunomodulatory effects, and homing properties offer potential for significantly augmenting regenerative capacity of many tissues. Nevertheless, major impediments to their therapeutic application, such as low proliferation and survival rates remain as obstacles to broad clinical use of MSCs. Another major challenge to evolution of MSC-based therapies is functional degradation of these cells as a result of their exposure to oxidative stressors during isolation. Indeed, oxidative stress-mediated MSC depletion occurs due to inflammatory processes associated with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and expression of pro-apoptotic factors, and the microenvironment of damaged tissue in patients receiving MSC therapy is typically therapeutic not favorable to their survival. For this reason, any strategies that enhance the viability and proliferative capacity of MSCs associated with their therapeutic use are of great value. Here, recent strategies used by various researchers to improve MSC allograft function are reviewed, with particular focus on in vitro conditioning of MSCs in preparation for clinical application. Preconditioning, genetic manipulation, and optimization of MSC culture conditions are some examples of the methodologies described in the present article, along with novel strategies such as treatment of MSCs with secretome and MSC-derived microvesicles. This topic material is likely to find value as a guide for both research and clinical use of MSC allografts and for improvement of the value that use of these cells brings to health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Amiri
- />Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Jahanian-Najafabadi
- />Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehryar Habibi Roudkenar
- />Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
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Zuo L, Diaz PT, Chien MT, Roberts WJ, Kishek J, Best TM, Wagner PD. PO2 cycling reduces diaphragm fatigue by attenuating ROS formation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109884. [PMID: 25299212 PMCID: PMC4192541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged muscle exposure to low PO2 conditions may cause oxidative stress resulting in severe muscular injuries. We hypothesize that PO2 cycling preconditioning, which involves brief cycles of diaphragmatic muscle exposure to a low oxygen level (40 Torr) followed by a high oxygen level (550 Torr), can reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as attenuate muscle fatigue in mouse diaphragm under low PO2. Accordingly, dihydrofluorescein (a fluorescent probe) was used to monitor muscular ROS production in real time with confocal microscopy during a lower PO2 condition. In the control group with no PO2 cycling, intracellular ROS formation did not appear during the first 15 min of the low PO2 period. However, after 20 min of low PO2, ROS levels increased significantly by ∼30% compared to baseline, and this increase continued until the end of the 30 min low PO2 condition. Conversely, muscles treated with PO2 cycling showed a complete absence of enhanced fluorescence emission throughout the entire low PO2 period. Furthermore, PO2 cycling-treated diaphragm exhibited increased fatigue resistance during prolonged low PO2 period compared to control. Thus, our data suggest that PO2 cycling mitigates diaphragm fatigue during prolonged low PO2. Although the exact mechanism for this protection remains to be elucidated, it is likely that through limiting excessive ROS levels, PO2 cycling initiates ROS-related antioxidant defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zuo
- Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Philip T. Diaz
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Michael T. Chien
- Department of Biology, Kalamazoo College, Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States of America
| | - William J. Roberts
- Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Juliana Kishek
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Thomas M. Best
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Sports Health and Performance Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Peter D. Wagner
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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Hypoxia/Reoxygenation-Preconditioned Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Rescue Ischemic Rat Cortical Neurons by Enhancing Trophic Factor Release. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 52:792-803. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8912-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Abstract
Stem cell transplantation therapy has emerged as a promising regenerative medicine for ischemic stroke and other neurodegenerative disorders. However, many issues and problems remain to be resolved before successful clinical applications of the cell-based therapy. To this end, some recent investigations have sought to benefit from well-known mechanisms of ischemic/hypoxic preconditioning. Ischemic/hypoxic preconditioning activates endogenous defense mechanisms that show marked protective effects against multiple insults found in ischemic stroke and other acute attacks. As in many other cell types, a sub-lethal hypoxic exposure significantly increases the tolerance and regenerative properties of stem cells and progenitor cells. So far, a variety of preconditioning triggers have been tested on different stem cells and progenitor cells. Preconditioned stem cells and progenitors generally show much better cell survival, increased neuronal differentiation, enhanced paracrine effects leading to increased trophic support, and improved homing to the lesion site. Transplantation of preconditioned cells helps to suppress inflammatory factors and immune responses, and promote functional recovery. Although the preconditioning strategy in stem cell therapy is still an emerging research area, accumulating information from reports over the last few years already indicates it as an attractive, if not essential, prerequisite for transplanted cells. It is expected that stem cell preconditioning and its clinical applications will attract more attention in both the basic research field of preconditioning as well as in the field of stem cell translational research. This review summarizes the most important findings in this active research area, covering the preconditioning triggers, potential mechanisms, mediators, and functional benefits for stem cell transplant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Ping Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Damous LL, Nakamuta JS, Soares JM, Maciel GAR, Simões RDS, Montero EFDS, Krieger JE, Baracat EC. Females transplanted with ovaries subjected to hypoxic preconditioning show impair of ovarian function. J Ovarian Res 2014; 7:34. [PMID: 24655551 PMCID: PMC3994570 DOI: 10.1186/1757-2215-7-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cryopreservation of the ovarian tissue has shown promising results. However, there remain controversial issues such as the short half-life of grafts. In this aspect, there are some evidences that preconditioning the ovarian tissue before transplantation is beneficial. Objective To determine the effect of hypoxic preconditioning in vitro on ovarian tissue prior to transplantation. Methods Eighteen female adult Wistar rats, were sorted into three experimental groups. Ovaries were maintained in DMEM low glucose serum free at 37°C with 5% CO2, at atmospheric oxigen concentration (normoxia) or 1% O2 (hypoxia) for 16 hours. Oxigen concentration was determined by injection of nitrogen in the incubator. Animals submitted to ovarian transplantation immediately after oophorectomy were the Control Group (C). After this, the ovaries were implanted in the retroperitoneum with nonabsorbable suture and animals evaluated for thirty days after transplantation. Beginning on postoperative (PO) day 11, a daily collection of vaginal smear was carried out. Analyses comprised morphological, morphometric (counting ovarian follicles and corpora lutea) and immunohistochemistry for cleaved caspase-3 (apoptosis). Results In normoxia and control groups all animals recovered their estrous cycles, while in the hypoxia group, two animals did not ovulate but, among those which did, resumption took longer than in the other groups (p < 0.05). The number of ovarian follicles and corpora lutea decreased significantly in the hypoxia group when compared to the other two groups (p < 0.001) and apoptosis was increased in the few ovarian follicles which remained viable (p < 0.001). Conclusion The hypoxic preconditioning in vitro was not beneficial to the graft and worsened their viability, compromising its functionality or delaying the return of this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Lamarão Damous
- Gynecology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Laboratory of Structural and Molecular Gynecology (LIM-58), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Hsiao ST, Dilley RJ, Dusting GJ, Lim SY. Ischemic preconditioning for cell-based therapy and tissue engineering. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 142:141-53. [PMID: 24321597 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell- and tissue-based therapies are innovative strategies to repair and regenerate injured hearts. Despite major advances achieved in optimizing these strategies in terms of cell source and delivery method, the clinical outcome of cell-based therapy remains unsatisfactory. The non-genetic approach of ischemic/hypoxic preconditioning to enhance cell- and tissue-based therapies has received much attention in recent years due to its non-invasive drug-free application. Here we discuss the current development of hypoxic/ischemic preconditioning to enhance stem cell-based cardiac repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah T Hsiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Rodney J Dilley
- Ear Science Institute Australia and Ear Sciences Centre, School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gregory J Dusting
- Centre for Eye Research Australia and Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia; O'Brien Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shiang Y Lim
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia; O'Brien Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.
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Muscari C, Giordano E, Bonafè F, Govoni M, Pasini A, Guarnieri C. Priming adult stem cells by hypoxic pretreatments for applications in regenerative medicine. J Biomed Sci 2013; 20:63. [PMID: 23985033 PMCID: PMC3765890 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-20-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficiency of regenerative medicine can be ameliorated by improving the biological performances of stem cells before their transplantation. Several ex-vivo protocols of non-damaging cell hypoxia have been demonstrated to significantly increase survival, proliferation and post-engraftment differentiation potential of stem cells. The best results for priming cultured stem cells against a following, otherwise lethal, ischemic stress have been obtained with brief intermittent episodes of hypoxia, or anoxia, and reoxygenation in accordance with the extraordinary protection afforded by the conventional maneuver of ischemic preconditioning in severely ischemic organs. These protocols of hypoxic preconditioning can be rather easily reproduced in a laboratory; however, more suitable pharmacological interventions inducing stem cell responses similar to those activated in hypoxia are considered among the most promising solutions for future applications in cell therapy. Here we want to offer an up-to-date review of the molecular mechanisms translating hypoxia into beneficial events for regenerative medicine. To this aim the involvement of epigenetic modifications, microRNAs, and oxidative stress, mainly activated by hypoxia inducible factors, will be discussed. Stem cell adaptation to their natural hypoxic microenvironments (niche) in healthy and neoplastic tissues will be also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Muscari
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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