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Gao Y, Guo L, Liu X, Chen N, Yang X, Zhang Q. Advances in the synthesis and applications of macrocyclic polyamines. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:231979. [PMID: 39092147 PMCID: PMC11293801 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Macrocyclic polyamines constitute a significant class of macrocyclic compounds that play a pivotal role in the realm of supramolecular chemistry. They find extensive applications across diverse domains including industrial and agricultural production, clinical diagnostics, environmental protection and other multidisciplinary fields. Macrocyclic polyamines possess a distinctive cavity structure with varying sizes, depths, electron-richness degrees and flexibilities. This unique feature enables them to form specific supramolecular structures through complexation with diverse objects, thereby attracting considerable attention from chemists, biologists and materials scientists alike. However, there is currently a lack of comprehensive summaries on the synthesis methods for macrocyclic polyamines. In this review article, we provide an in-depth introduction to the synthesis of macrocyclic polyamines while analysing their respective advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, we also present an overview of the recent 5-year advancements in using macrocyclic polyamines as non-viral gene vectors, fluorescent probes, diagnostic and therapeutic reagents as well as catalysts. Looking ahead to future research directions on the synthesis and application of macrocyclic polyamines across various fields will hopefully inspire new ideas for their synthesis and use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongguang Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan063000, People’s Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Degradable Polymers, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan063000, People’s Republic of China
- Tangshan Silicone Key Laboratory, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan063000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lina Guo
- Tangshan First Vocational Secondary Specialized School, Tangshan 063000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinhua Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan063000, People’s Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Degradable Polymers, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan063000, People’s Republic of China
- Tangshan Silicone Key Laboratory, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan063000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan063000, People’s Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Degradable Polymers, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan063000, People’s Republic of China
- Tangshan Silicone Key Laboratory, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan063000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaochun Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan063000, People’s Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Degradable Polymers, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan063000, People’s Republic of China
- Tangshan Silicone Key Laboratory, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan063000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan063000, People’s Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Degradable Polymers, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan063000, People’s Republic of China
- Tangshan Silicone Key Laboratory, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan063000, People’s Republic of China
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Damen M, Groenen AJJ, van Dongen SFM, Nolte RJM, Scholte BJ, Feiters MC. Transfection by cationic gemini lipids and surfactants. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:1404-1425. [PMID: 30288217 PMCID: PMC6148748 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00249e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diseases that are linked to defective genes or mutations can in principle be cured by gene therapy, in which damaged or absent genes are either repaired or replaced by new DNA in the nucleus of the cell. Related to this, disorders associated with elevated protein expression levels can be treated by RNA interference via the delivery of siRNA to the cytoplasm of cells. Polynucleotides can be brought into cells by viruses, but this is not without risk for the patient. Alternatively, DNA and RNA can be delivered by transfection, i.e. by non-viral vector systems such as cationic surfactants, which are also referred to as cationic lipids. In this review, recent progress on cationic lipids as transfection vectors will be discussed, with special emphasis on geminis, surfactants with 2 head groups and 2 tails connected by a spacer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Damen
- Institute for Molecules and Materials , Faculty of Science , Radboud University , Heyendaalseweg 135 , 6525 AJ Nijmegen , The Netherlands .
| | - A J J Groenen
- Institute for Molecules and Materials , Faculty of Science , Radboud University , Heyendaalseweg 135 , 6525 AJ Nijmegen , The Netherlands .
| | - S F M van Dongen
- Institute for Molecules and Materials , Faculty of Science , Radboud University , Heyendaalseweg 135 , 6525 AJ Nijmegen , The Netherlands .
| | - R J M Nolte
- Institute for Molecules and Materials , Faculty of Science , Radboud University , Heyendaalseweg 135 , 6525 AJ Nijmegen , The Netherlands .
| | - B J Scholte
- Departments of Pediatric pulmonology and Cell Biology , Erasmus MC, P. O. Box 2040 , 3000 CA Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - M C Feiters
- Institute for Molecules and Materials , Faculty of Science , Radboud University , Heyendaalseweg 135 , 6525 AJ Nijmegen , The Netherlands .
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Majhi D, Seth S, Sarkar M. Differences in the behavior of dicationic and monocationic ionic liquids as revealed by time resolved-fluorescence, NMR and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:7844-7856. [PMID: 29508863 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp08630j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
With an aim to understand the behavior in terms of the intermolecular interactions, structure and dynamics of dicationic and monocationic ionic liquids (ILs), two imidazolium-based dicationic ionic liquids (DILs), 1,8-bis-(3-methylimidazolium-1-yl)octane bis-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide ([C8(mim)2][NTf2]2), 1,9-bis-(3-methylimidazolium-1-yl)nonane bis-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide ([C9(mim)2][NTf2]2), and one monocationic ionic liquid (MIL), 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide ([C4(mim)][NTf2]), have been investigated through combined fluorescence, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), NMR and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). The DILs were synthesized by following a standard synthetic protocol and subsequently characterized by different analytical techniques. Steady state absorption, emission and EPR spectroscopic data reveal that DILs are less polar compared to MIL. The polarities of the DILs and MIL were found to be close to those of acetonitrile and short chain alcohols, respectively. The excitation wavelength dependent emission data reveals that DILs are more micro-heterogeneous in nature than MIL. The rotational diffusion of two organic solutes, perylene and 8-methoxypyrene-1,3,6-sulfonate (MPTS), were examined in the DILs and MIL. The rotational diffusion data for perylene and MPTS were analyzed in light of the Stokes-Einstein-Debye (SED) hydrodynamic theory. The rotation of perylene in the DILs was observed to be relatively faster to that in the MIL, and it goes beyond the limit predicted by the SED theory. In order to explain the rotational motion of perylene in DILs, the data was analyzed further by invoking quasi-hydrodynamic theory. The observed rotational behavior of perylene has been explained by considering the fact that perylene is located in the nonpolar region of ILs, and larger solvent molecules (DILs) induce a lower friction to the rotating solute. Interestingly, unlike perylene, rotations of MPTS in both of the ILs were observed to be much hindered indicating a relatively stronger MPTS-IL interaction than perylene-IL interaction. More interestingly, rotation of MPTS was observed to be faster in the DILs than that in the MIL despite the fact that DILs are more viscous than MILs. Relatively faster rotation of MPTS in DILs has been explained by resorting to NMR and FCS studies. The outcomes of the NMR and FCS studies revealed that DILs in the experimental condition exist in their folded form and because of this structural restriction of DILs it becomes difficult for the bulky MPTS to make stronger hydrogen bonding interactions with DILs, which eventually makes the rotation of MPTS in DILs faster. Essentially, the outcomes of all of these studies have demonstrated that the behavior of DILs is quite different to that of the usual MILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashis Majhi
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, P.O. Jatni, Khurda 752050, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
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Xu FJ. Versatile types of hydroxyl-rich polycationic systems via O-heterocyclic ring-opening reactions: From strategic design to nucleic acid delivery applications. Prog Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Ding AX, Tang Q, Gao YG, Shi YD, Uzair A, Lu ZL. [12]aneN3 Modified Tetraphenylethene Molecules as High-Performance Sensing, Condensing, and Delivering Agents toward DNAs. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:14367-14378. [PMID: 27215542 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b01949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Four [12]aneN3 modified tetraphenylethene (TPE) compounds with different numbers of polyamine units and structure configurations, namely 1, 2, 3, and 4, were designed and synthesized. All compounds showed strong aggregation-induced emission (AIE) features. Compounds 2 and 4 showed significant emission enhancement after the addition of ssDNAs and dsDNAs of different lengths as well as calf thymus DNA (ctDNA). Compounds 1 and 3 showed very poor fluorescent responses toward DNAs. Gel electrophoresis demonstrated the abilities of 1-4 to condense DNA effectively. Complete retardation of plasmid DNA can be achieved at a concentration of 25 μM (1), 8 μM (for 2 and 3) and 4 μM (4). Experiments including fluorescent contrastive titrations, scanning electron microscopy, dynamic laser scattering, EB displacement, and gel electrophoresis demonstrated that the four compounds were able to integrate with DNA through electrostatic interactions and supramolecular stacking. A vicinal configuration around TPE (2) and more triazole-[12]aneN3 recognition sites (4) evidently enhanced the sensing capability toward oligonucleotides, and the TPE unit played an important role in the plasmid DNA condensation process because of its strong binding. With the advantages of low cytotoxicity, effective DNA sensing, and DNA condensing properties, compound 4 was successfully applied as a nonviral DNA vector and fluorescent tracer for label-free gene delivery, which is the first example of a nonviral gene vector with AIE activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Xiang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
| | - Quan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yong-Guang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
| | - You-Di Shi
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
| | - Alam Uzair
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhong-Lin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
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7
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Yue P, Zhang Y, Guo ZF, Cao AC, Lu ZL, Zhai YG. Synthesis of bifunctional molecules containing [12]aneN3 and coumarin moieties as effective DNA condensation agents and new non-viral gene vectors. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:4494-505. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02676d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Bifunctional molecules with different combinations of [12]aneN3 and coumarin moieties were successfully applied in DNA condensation and gene transfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Yue
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Zhi-Fo Guo
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing
- China
- College of Life Science
| | - Ao-Cheng Cao
- Institute of Plant Protection
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Zhong-Lin Lu
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Yong-Gong Zhai
- College of Life Science
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing
- China
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Palchowdhury S, Bhargava BL. Effect of spacer chain length on the liquid structure of aqueous dicationic ionic liquid solutions: molecular dynamics studies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:11627-37. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00873e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cations in an aqueous [C16(MIm)2][2Br] solution aggregate spontaneously to form micelles, with a hydrophobic core composed of spacer alkyl chains and a hydrophilic surface composed of imidazolium head groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Palchowdhury
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education & Research
- Bhubaneswar-751005
- India
| | - B. L. Bhargava
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education & Research
- Bhubaneswar-751005
- India
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9
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Zhang Y, Li CY, Zhang J, Yi WJ, Yu XQ. Small cyclen-imidazolium-containing molecules and their interactions with DNA. Chem Biodivers 2014; 11:233-44. [PMID: 24591314 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201300242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Three small organic molecules containing different numbers of cyclen and imidazolium units were synthesized. Their interactions with plasmid DNA and their potential for gene delivery vectors were investigated. Agarose gel retardation and ethidium bromide exclusion assays revealed that these molecules can effectively condense DNA, and compounds with higher molecular weights are needed to lower w/w ratio for full condensation. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that these compounds may form nanosized spherical particles with DNA. Furthermore, the complex formed from 10, i.e., 10/DNA, can partially release DNA from compact state at a relatively higher concentration of NaCl (200 mM). In the presence of the lipid 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE), 10 could transfer plasmid DNA into BEL-7402 cells. In addition, these compounds exhibited much lower cytotoxicity than PEI 25 kDa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China, (fax: +86-28-85415886)
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Chai J, Zhang H, Liu N, Liu N, Chai H, Liu Z. Comparison Between Phase Behavior of Gemini Imidazoliums and Monomeric Ionic Liquid Surfactants in W/O Microemulsion Systems. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2014.890108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Yan H, Yue P, Li Z, Guo Z, Lu Z. Syntheses of bifunctional molecules containing [12]aneN3 and carbazol moieties as effective DNA condensation agents. Sci China Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-013-5031-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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12
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Parvizi P, Jubeli E, Raju L, Khalique NA, Almeer A, Allam H, Manaa MA, Larsen H, Nicholson D, Pungente MD, Fyles TM. Aspects of nonviral gene therapy: correlation of molecular parameters with lipoplex structure and transfection efficacy in pyridinium-based cationic lipids. Int J Pharm 2013; 461:145-56. [PMID: 24296044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study seeks correlations between the molecular structures of cationic and neutral lipids, the lipid phase behavior of the mixed-lipid lipoplexes they form with plasmid DNA, and the transfection efficacy of the lipoplexes. Synthetic cationic pyridinium lipids were co-formulated (1:1) with the cationic lipid 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-ethylphosphocholine (EPC), and these lipids were co-formulated (3:2) with the neutral lipids 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) or cholesterol. All lipoplex formulations exhibited plasmid DNA binding and a level of protection from DNase I degradation. Composition-dependent transfection (beta-galactosidase and GFP) and cytotoxicity was observed in Chinese hamster ovarian-K1 cells. The most active formulations containing the pyridinium lipids were less cytotoxic but of comparable activity to a Lipofectamine 2000™ control. Molecular structure parameters and partition coefficients were calculated for all lipids using fragment additive methods. The derived shape parameter values correctly correlated with observed hexagonal lipid phase behavior of lipoplexes as derived from small-angle X-ray scattering experiments. A transfection index applicable to hexagonal phase lipoplexes derived from calculated parameters of the lipid mixture (partition coefficient, shape parameter, lipoplex packing) produced a direct correlation with transfection efficiency.
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Key Words
- 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-ethylphosphocholine
- 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine
- 3,5-bis((hexadec-15-en-1-yloxy)carbonyl)-1-methylpyridin-1-ium
- 3,5-bis((hexadecyloxy)carbonyl)-1-methylpyridin-1-ium
- AI
- CHO-K1
- CR
- Cationic lipids
- Chinese hamster ovarian (K1) cells
- Chol
- DNA transfer
- DOPE
- Di16:0
- Di16:1
- EPC
- GFP
- Gene therapy.
- HGS
- LDS
- LI
- Lipoplex formulation
- Pyridinium-based lipids
- QSAR
- Quantitative structure–activity relationship
- R
- S
- S(+), S(mix)
- SAXS
- Shape parameter
- TI
- V(C), V(lip), V(mix)
- a(0)
- amphipathic index
- charge ratio of cationic lipid N to anionic DNA P
- cholesterol
- critical chain length of the hydrocarbon portion of a lipid, overall length of the lipid including the head group
- f(lat), f(cyl)
- filling factors of the lattice and cylinder unit cell, see equation 6
- green fluorescent protein
- headgroup size
- l(c), l(lip)
- lipid head group area
- lipid shape parameter, see equation 2
- lipofection index, see equation 1
- lipophilic domain size
- logP(sub)
- molar amount of lipid in the experiment with respect to the unit cell
- mole weighted average value of S for cationic lipids or mixed lipids
- n(exp)
- n(lat), n(cyl)
- octanol-water partition coefficient, subscript indicates mole weighted average value of mixed lipids (mix), cationic lipids (+), or neutral lipids (0)
- optimum molar amount of a lipid to fill the unit cell of a hexagonal lattice or a cylinder outside of the volume occupied by DNA
- pDNA
- partial molar volume of the hydrocarbon portion of a lipid, the overall lipid molecule including a counterion if required, mole weighted average value of a mixture
- plasmid DNA
- ratio of cationic lipid to neutral lipid
- small-angle X-ray scattering
- transfection index computed according to equations 3 to 6
- β-gal
- β-galactosidase
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Affiliation(s)
- Paria Parvizi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065, Stn CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Emile Jubeli
- Research Division, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Liji Raju
- Research Division, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nada Abdul Khalique
- Research Division, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed Almeer
- Research Division, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hebatalla Allam
- Research Division, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maryem Al Manaa
- Research Division, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Helge Larsen
- Department of Physics, University of Stavanger, 4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - David Nicholson
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Michael D Pungente
- Premedical Unit, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Thomas M Fyles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065, Stn CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 3V6, Canada
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Lu Q, Hou J, Wang J, Xu B, Zhang J, Yu X. Multichannel Chromogenic and Chiral Anions Recognition by Imidazolium Functionalized BINOL Derivatives. CHINESE J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201300115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Zhi D, Zhang S, Cui S, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Zhao D. The Headgroup Evolution of Cationic Lipids for Gene Delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 24:487-519. [DOI: 10.1021/bc300381s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Defu Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China
- State Ethnic Affairs Commission-Ministry
of Education Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bio-resources Utilization, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Shubiao Zhang
- State Ethnic Affairs Commission-Ministry
of Education Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bio-resources Utilization, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Shaohui Cui
- State Ethnic Affairs Commission-Ministry
of Education Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bio-resources Utilization, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Yinan Zhao
- State Ethnic Affairs Commission-Ministry
of Education Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bio-resources Utilization, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian 116600, China
| | | | - Defeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China
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15
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Riduan SN, Zhang Y. Imidazolium salts and their polymeric materials for biological applications. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:9055-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60169b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Kamboj R, Singh S, Bhadani A, Kataria H, Kaur G. Gemini imidazolium surfactants: synthesis and their biophysiochemical study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:11969-78. [PMID: 22845861 DOI: 10.1021/la300920p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
New gemini imidazolium surfactants 9-13 have been synthesized by a regioselective epoxy ring-opening reaction under solvent-free conditions. The surface properties of these new gemini surfactants were evaluated by surface tension and conductivity measurements. These surfactants have been found to have low critical micelle concentration (cmc) values as compared to other categories of gemini cationic surfactants and also showed the tendency to form premicellar aggregates in solution at sufficiently low concentration below their cmc values. The thermal degradation of these surfactants was determined by thermograviometry analysis (TGA). These new cationic surfactants have a good DNA binding capability as determined by agarose gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide exclusion experiments. They have also been found to have low cytotoxicity by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay on the C6 glioma cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Kamboj
- Department of Chemistry, UGC Sponsored-Centre of Advance Studies-1, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
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17
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Cassimjee KE, Marín SR, Berglund P. Synthesis of cyclic polyamines by enzymatic generation of an amino aldehyde in situ. Macromol Rapid Commun 2012; 33:1580-3. [PMID: 22761014 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201200347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional polycationic polyamines, for example, used in drug and gene delivery, have product range limitations in their synthesis methods. Here, we synthesize a polyamine by forming a self-assembling amino aldehyde from the corresponding amino alcohol with horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase (HLADH), followed by reduction. Circular polyamines were synthesized from 3-amino-propan-1-ol as starting material, analogous to cyclic polyamines formed from azetidin. The product had an isolated yield of 89.7% or 15.3 g L(-1) . The predicted range of possible polyamine products by this method is broad since many amino alcohols are putative substrates for HLADH. The enzyme also had activity for 2-amino-propan-1-ol and 2-amino-2-phenyl-ethanol, for which the enantioselectivity was 330 (S) and 32 (R), respectively.
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18
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Goldring WP, Jubeli E, Downs RA, Johnston AJ, Abdul Khalique N, Raju L, Wafadari D, Pungente MD. Novel macrocyclic and acyclic cationic lipids for gene transfer: Synthesis and in vitro evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:4686-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.05.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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19
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Syntheses of [12]aneN3–oligopeptide conjugates as effective DNA condensation agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:2897-904. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Huang QD, Ren J, Ou WJ, Fu Y, Cai MQ, Zhang J, Zhu W, Yu XQ. Cationic Lipids Containing Cyclen and Ammonium Moieties as Gene Delivery Vectors. Chem Biol Drug Des 2012; 79:879-87. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2012.01355.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Yan H, Li ZF, Guo ZF, Lu ZL, Wang F, Wu LZ. Effective and reversible DNA condensation induced by bifunctional molecules containing macrocyclic polyamines and naphthyl moieties. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:801-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Bhadani A, Singh S. Synthesis and properties of thioether spacer containing gemini imidazolium surfactants. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:14033-44. [PMID: 22004288 DOI: 10.1021/la202201r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Twelve new gemini imidazolium surfactants have been synthesized, having dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, and octadecyl chain lengths and three different spacers (i.e., -S-(CH(2))(n)-S-), where n = 2, 3, and 4 and their surface properties have been evaluated by surface tension and conductivity methods. The thermal degradation of these new gemini surfactants was determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). These surfactants have low cmc values as compared to other categories of gemini cationic surfactants and exhibit peculiarities at sufficiently low concentration because they were able to form premicellar aggregates over a wide range of concentration below their cmc values. The DNA binding affinity of these gemini surfactants determined by agarose gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide exclusion experiments established their strong interaction with DNA, thereby protecting it against enzymatic degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Bhadani
- Department of Chemistry, UGC Sponsored-Centre for Advance Studies - I, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
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Huang QD, Zhong GX, Zhang Y, Ren J, Fu Y, Zhang J, Zhu W, Yu XQ. Cyclen-based cationic lipids for highly efficient gene delivery towards tumor cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23134. [PMID: 21887233 PMCID: PMC3156682 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene therapy has tremendous potential for both inherited and acquired diseases. However, delivery problems limited their clinical application, and new gene delivery vehicles with low cytotoxicity and high transfection efficiency are greatly required. METHODS In this report, we designed and synthesized three amphiphilic molecules (L1-L3) with the structures involving 1, 4, 7, 10-tetraazacyclododecane (cyclen), imidazolium and a hydrophobic dodecyl chain. Their interactions with plasmid DNA were studied via electrophoretic gel retardation assays, fluorescent quenching experiments, dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. The in vitro gene transfection assay and cytotoxicity assay were conducted in four cell lines. RESULTS Results indicated that L1 and L3-formed liposomes could effectively bind to DNA to form well-shaped nanoparticles. Combining with neutral lipid DOPE, L3 was found with high efficiency in gene transfer in three tumor cell lines including A549, HepG2 and H460. The optimized gene transfection efficacy of L3 was nearly 5.5 times more efficient than that of the popular commercially available gene delivery agent Lipofectamine 2000™ in human lung carcinoma cells A549. In addition, since L1 and L3 had nearly no gene transfection performance in normal cells HEK293, these cationic lipids showed tumor cell-targeting property to a certain extent. No significant cytotoxicity was found for the lipoplexes formed by L1-L3, and their cytotoxicities were similar to or slightly lower than the lipoplexes prepared from Lipofectamine 2000™. CONCLUSION Novel cyclen-based cationic lipids for effective in vitro gene transfection were founded, and these studies here may extend the application areas of macrocyclic polyamines, especially for cyclen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Dong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Xing Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Fu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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Huang QD, Ou WJ, Chen H, Feng ZH, Wang JY, Zhang J, Zhu W, Yu XQ. Novel cationic lipids possessing protonated cyclen and imidazolium salt for gene delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011; 78:326-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2011.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2010] [Revised: 03/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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25
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Liu JL, Ma QP, Huang QD, Yang WH, Zhang J, Wang JY, Zhu W, Yu XQ. Cationic lipids containing protonated cyclen and different hydrophobic groups linked by uracil-PNA monomer: synthesis and application for gene delivery. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:4133-41. [PMID: 21757268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Revised: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this report, as candidates for non-viral gene vectors, cationic lipids L1, L2 and L3 based on protonated cyclen and different hydrophobic groups (cholesterol, dodecanol or diosgenin) linked by PNA monomer were designed and synthesized. Their liposomes were easily prepared by mixing the synthesized lipids with dioleoylphosphatidyl ethanolamine (DOPE) under appropriate mole ratios. Agarose gel retardation and fluorescent titration by ethidium bromide (EB) showed the strong DNA-binding ability with the K(sv) values of 1.21 × 10(7), 3.76 × 10(6) and 2.90 × 10(6) M(-1) for the liposomes formed from L1-L3, respectively. These liposomes could retard pDNA at an N/P ratio of 3 and form lipoplexes with sizes around 200-300 nm and zeta-potential values of +20-50 mV at N/P ratio from 4 to 10. Besides, the cytotoxicity of the three lipoplexes assayed by MTT is quite different. The results from in vitro transfection in HEK 293T and A549 cell lines showed that the transfection efficiency of L3/DOPE/DNA lipoplex at an N/P ratio of 6 and lipid/DOPE mole ratio of 1:2 is slightly higher than that of Lipofectamine 2000™, indicating that the title PNA monomer-based cationic lipids have great potential to be efficient non-viral gene vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Liang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
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Yi WJ, Feng ZH, Zhang QF, Zhang J, Li LD, Zhu W, Yu XQ. Diol glycidyl ether-bridged cyclens: preparation and their applications in gene delivery. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:2413-21. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00879f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Dobbs W, Heinrich B, Bourgogne C, Donnio B, Terazzi E, Bonnet ME, Stock F, Erbacher P, Bolcato-Bellemin AL, Douce L. Mesomorphic imidazolium salts: new vectors for efficient siRNA transfection. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 131:13338-46. [PMID: 19715309 DOI: 10.1021/ja903028f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of chloride (1(n)) and bromide (2(n)) derivatives of 1-methyl-3-[3,4-bis(alkoxy)benzyl]-4H-imidazolium with n = 6, 12, 16, 18 is described. The two series of salts possess a rich thermotropic mesomorphism, chain-length dependent. Thus, a lamellar smectic A phase, a bicontinuous cubic Ia3d phase, and a columnar hexagonal liquid crystalline mesophase are induced as a function of increasing chain length. The mesomorphic properties were studied by polarizing optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction, and with the support of dilatometry and molecular dynamics, models for the various supramolecular arrangements of the salts are proposed. Such cationic amphiphiles were expected to be candidate molecules to design a new delivery reagent for nucleic acid transfection, particularly for short interfering RNA (siRNA). The use of an RNA interference mechanism, by introduction into cells by transfection of chemically synthesized siRNAs, is a powerful method for gene silencing studies. To exploit the potential of these amphilic imidazolium salts, these molecules were formulated with cohelper lipids and tested for their efficacy to deliver active siRNAs. Our results show high transfection efficacy of our formulated compounds and high silencing efficiency with more than 80% inhibition of the targeted gene at 10 nM siRNA concentration. Taken together our results show the potency of amphiphilic imidazolium salts as a new generation of transfection reagents for RNA interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Dobbs
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, BP 43, 23 rue du Loess, F-67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
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Xiang YZ, Feng ZH, Zhang J, Liao YL, Yu CJ, Yi WJ, Zhu W, Yu XQ. Linear cyclen-based polyamine as a novel and efficient reagent in gene delivery. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:640-7. [DOI: 10.1039/b914877a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Zhang Y, Chen X, Lan J, You J, Chen L. Synthesis and biological applications of imidazolium-based polymerized ionic liquid as a gene delivery vector. Chem Biol Drug Des 2009; 74:282-8. [PMID: 19703030 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2009.00858.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The encouraging results of preliminary toxicological studies on imidazolium-based ionic liquids provide good opportunities for the development of ionic liquids in biomedical applications. In this work, the polymerized ionic liquid poly[3-butyl-1-vinylimidazolium L-proline salt] has been synthesized as a gene vector. The interaction of poly[3-butyl-1-vinylimidazolium L-proline salt] with DNA was studied by agarose gel electrophoresis. The cell viability was determined through PI (propidium iodine) staining and flow cytometry, showing marginal toxicity toward the cells examined. The transfection efficiency was evaluated through the in vitro transfection experiment. The results indicated that the imidazolium cation had a high binding ability to DNA, and the condensed DNA in the complexes could be effectively protected against enzymatic degradation. Poly[3-butyl-1-vinylimidazolium L-proline salt] could further transfer the reporter gene into the HeLa cell and successfully mediate the gene expression without the aid of additional agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
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Midoux P, Pichon C, Yaouanc JJ, Jaffrès PA. Chemical vectors for gene delivery: a current review on polymers, peptides and lipids containing histidine or imidazole as nucleic acids carriers. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 157:166-78. [PMID: 19459843 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00288.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 408] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA/cationic lipid (lipoplexes), DNA/cationic polymer (polyplexes) and DNA/cationic polymer/cationic lipid (lipopolyplexes) electrostatic complexes are proposed as non-viral nucleic acids delivery systems. These DNA-nanoparticles are taken up by the cells through endocytosis processes, but the low capacity of DNA to escape from endosomes is regarded as the major limitations of their transfection efficiency. Here, we present a current report on a particular class of carriers including the polymers, peptides and lipids, which is based on the exploitation of the imidazole ring as an endosome destabilization device to favour the nucleic acids delivery in the cytosol. The imidazole ring of histidine is a weak base that has the ability to acquire a cationic charge when the pH of the environment drops bellow 6. As it has been demonstrated for poly(histidine), this phenomena can induce membrane fusion and/or membrane permeation in an acidic medium. Moreover, the accumulation of histidine residues inside acidic vesicles can induce a proton sponge effect, which increases their osmolarity and their swelling. The proof of concept has been shown with polylysine partially substituted with histidine residues that has caused a dramatic increase by 3-4.5 orders of magnitude of the transfection efficiency of DNA/polylysine polyplexes. Then, several histidine-rich polymers and peptides as well as lipids with imidazole, imidazolinium or imidazolium polar head have been reported to be efficient carriers to deliver nucleic acids including genes, mRNA or SiRNA in vitro and in vivo. More remarkable, histidylated carriers are often weakly cytotoxic, making them promising chemical vectors for nucleic acids delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Midoux
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire CNRS UPR 4301 affiliated to the University of Orléans and Inserm, rue Charles Sadron, F-45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France.
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Zhou LH, Yang M, Zhou H, Zhang J, Li K, Xiang YZ, Wang N, Tian YF, Yu XQ. Novel Reticular Cyclen-Based Polymer as Gene Vector in DNA Transfection. Chem Biol Drug Des 2009; 73:216-24. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2008.00765.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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