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Sankar J, Chauhan A, Singh R, Mahajan D. Isoniazid-historical development, metabolism associated toxicity and a perspective on its pharmacological improvement. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1441147. [PMID: 39364056 PMCID: PMC11447295 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1441147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the extraordinary anti-tubercular activity of isoniazid (INH), the drug-induced hepatotoxicity and peripheral neuropathy pose a significant challenge to its wider clinical use. The primary cause of INH-induced hepatotoxicity is in vivo metabolism involving biotransformation on its terminal -NH2 group owing to its high nucleophilic nature. The human N-acetyltransferase-2 enzyme (NAT-2) exploits the reactivity of INH's terminal -NH2 functional group and inactivates it by transferring the acetyl group, which subsequently converts to toxic metabolites. This -NH2 group also tends to react with vital endogenous molecules such as pyridoxine, leading to their deficiency, a major cause of peripheral neuropathy. The elevation of liver functional markers is observed in 10%-20% of subjects on INH treatment. INH-induced risk of fatal hepatitis is about 0.05%-1%. The incidence of peripheral neuropathy is 2%-6.5%. In this review, we discuss the genesis and historical development of INH, and different reported mechanisms of action of INH. This is followed by a brief review of various clinical trials in chronological order, highlighting treatment-associated adverse events and their occurrence rates, including details such as geographical location, number of subjects, dosing concentration, and regimen used in these clinical studies. Further, we elaborated on various known metabolic transformations highlighting the involvement of the terminal -NH2 group of INH and corresponding host enzymes, the structure of different metabolites/conjugates, and their association with hepatotoxicity or neuritis. Post this deliberation, we propose a hydrolysable chemical derivatives-based approach as a way forward to restrict this metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jishnu Sankar
- Centre for Drug Discovery, BRIC-Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Anjali Chauhan
- Centre for Drug Discovery, BRIC-Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- Centre for Tuberculosis Research, BRIC-Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Ramandeep Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Dinesh Mahajan
- Centre for Drug Discovery, BRIC-Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- Centre for Tuberculosis Research, BRIC-Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
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Dadachova E, Rangel DEN. Recent Advancements in Radiopharmaceuticals for Infection Imaging. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2813:205-217. [PMID: 38888780 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3890-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic has heightened the interest toward diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Nuclear medicine, with its powerful scintigraphic, single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT), and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging modalities, has always played an important role in diagnosis of infections and distinguishing them from the sterile inflammation. In addition to the clinically available radiopharmaceuticals, there has been a decades-long effort to develop more specific imaging agents with some examples being radiolabeled antibiotics and antimicrobial peptides for bacterial imaging, radiolabeled antifungals for fungal infections imaging, radiolabeled pathogen-specific antibodies, and molecular engineered constructs. In this chapter, we discuss some examples of the work published in the last decade on developing nuclear imaging agents for bacterial, fungal, and viral infections to generate more interest among nuclear medicine community toward conducting clinical trials of these novel probes, as well as toward developing novel radiotracers for imaging infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Dadachova
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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Dadachova E, Rangel DEN. Highlights of the Latest Developments in Radiopharmaceuticals for Infection Imaging and Future Perspectives. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:819702. [PMID: 35223918 PMCID: PMC8873932 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.819702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic has heightened the interest toward diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Nuclear medicine with its powerful scintigraphic, single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging modalities has always played an important role in diagnosis of infections and distinguishing them from the sterile inflammation. In addition to the clinically available radiopharmaceuticals there has been a decades-long effort to develop more specific imaging agents with some examples being radiolabeled antibiotics and antimicrobial peptides for bacterial imaging, radiolabeled anti-fungals for fungal infections imaging, radiolabeled pathogen-specific antibodies and molecular engineered constructs. In this opinion piece, we would like to discuss some examples of the work published in the last decade on developing nuclear imaging agents for bacterial, fungal, and viral infections in order to generate more interest among nuclear medicine community toward conducting clinical trials of these novel probes, as well as toward developing novel radiotracers for imaging infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Dadachova
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Faheem M, Rathaur A, Pandey A, Kumar Singh V, Tiwari AK. A Review on the Modern Synthetic Approach of Benzimidazole Candidate. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201904832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd. Faheem
- Department of ChemistryDr Shakuntala Misra National Rehabilitation University Lucknow Uttar Pradesh Republic of India
| | - Anjali Rathaur
- Department of ChemistryDr Shakuntala Misra National Rehabilitation University Lucknow Uttar Pradesh Republic of India
| | - Apoorva Pandey
- Department of ChemistryDr Shakuntala Misra National Rehabilitation University Lucknow Uttar Pradesh Republic of India
| | - Vinay Kumar Singh
- Department of ChemistryDr Shakuntala Misra National Rehabilitation University Lucknow Uttar Pradesh Republic of India
| | - Anjani K. Tiwari
- Department of ChemistryBabasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University Lucknow Uttar Pradesh Republic of India
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Chadha N, Singh D, Milton MD, Mishra G, Daniel J, Mishra AK, Tiwari AK. Computational prediction of interaction and pharmacokinetics profile study for polyamino-polycarboxylic ligands on binding with human serum albumin. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj05594k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Human serum albumin (HSA) is one of the most abundant plasma proteins available in blood and responsible for transport of fatty acids, drugs and metabolites at its binding sites which are very important for the assessment of pharmacokinetics profile of the polyamino-polycarboxylic ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Chadha
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences
- Delhi 110054
- India
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Dushyant Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- Christ Church P. G. College
- C S J M University
- Kanpur
- India
| | | | - Gauri Mishra
- Department of Zoology
- Swami Shraddhanand College
- University of Delhi
- Delhi 110036
- India
| | - Joseph Daniel
- Department of Chemistry
- Christ Church P. G. College
- C S J M University
- Kanpur
- India
| | - Anil K. Mishra
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences
- Delhi 110054
- India
| | - Anjani K. Tiwari
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences
- Delhi 110054
- India
- Department of Chemistry
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González-Torres M, Guzmán-Beltrán S, Mata-Gómez MA, González-Valdez J, Leyva-Gómez G, Melgarejo-Ramírez Y, Brostow W, Velasquillo C, Zúñiga-Ramos J, Rodríguez-Talavera R. Synthesis, characterization, and in vitro evaluation of gamma radiation-induced PEGylated isoniazid. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Srivastava P, Kakkar D, Kumar P, Tiwari AK. Modified benzoxazolone (ABO‐AA) based single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) probes for 18 kDa translocator protein. Drug Dev Res 2019; 80:741-749. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Srivastava
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical SciencesInstitute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences Delhi India
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomic Laboratory, Department of BiotechnologyDelhi Technological University Delhi India
| | - Dipti Kakkar
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical SciencesInstitute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences Delhi India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomic Laboratory, Department of BiotechnologyDelhi Technological University Delhi India
| | - Anjani Kumar Tiwari
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical SciencesInstitute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences Delhi India
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical & Decision Sciences (SPDS)Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Central University Lucknow UP India
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Dumoga S, Rai Y, Bhatt AN, Tiwari AK, Singh S, Mishra AK, Kakkar D. Block Copolymer Based Nanoparticles for Theranostic Intervention of Cervical Cancer: Synthesis, Pharmacokinetics, and in Vitro/in Vivo Evaluation in HeLa Xenograft Models. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:22195-22211. [PMID: 28608677 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b04982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polymer-based nanoparticles have proven to be viable carriers of therapeutic agents. In this study, we have developed nanoparticles (NPs) from polypeptide-polyethylene glycol based triblock and diblock copolymers. The synthesized block copolymers poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(glutamic acid)-b-poly(ethylene glycol) (GEG) and poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(glutamic acid) (EG) conjugated with folic acid for targeting specificity (EGFA) have been used to encapsulate methotrexate (MTX) to form M-GEG and M-EGFA NPs aimed at passive and active targeting of cervical carcinoma. In-vitro SRB cytotoxicity and hemolysis assays revealed that these NPs were cytocompatible to healthy human cells and hemocompatible to human RBCs. Cellular uptake by FACS demonstrated their prompt internalization by human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells and points toward an apoptotic mechanism of cell kill as confirmed by AO/EB staining as well as histological analysis of explanted HeLa tumors. Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution studies were performed in New Zealand albino rabbits and HeLa xenografted Athymic mice models, respectively, by radiolabeling these NPs with 99mTc. Passive tumor accumulation and active targeting of MTX-loaded polymeric nanoparticles to folate expressing cells were confirmed by intravenous administration of these 99mTc-labeled M-GEG and M-EGFA NPs in HeLa tumor bearing nude mice and clearly visualized by whole-body gamma-SPECT images of these mice. Survival studies of these xenografted mice established the antiproliferative effect of these MTX-loaded NPs while corroborating the targeting effect of folic acid. These studies proved that the M-GEG NPs and M-EGFA NPs could be effective alternatives to conventional chemotherapy along with simultaneous diagnostic abilities and thus potentially viable theranostic options for human cervical carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Dumoga
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization , Brig. S.K. Mazumdar Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi , Delhi 110007, India
| | - Yogesh Rai
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization , Brig. S.K. Mazumdar Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Anant Narayan Bhatt
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization , Brig. S.K. Mazumdar Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Anjani Kumar Tiwari
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization , Brig. S.K. Mazumdar Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Surendra Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi , Delhi 110007, India
| | - Anil K Mishra
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization , Brig. S.K. Mazumdar Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Dipti Kakkar
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization , Brig. S.K. Mazumdar Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
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Dumoga S, Dey N, Kaur A, Singh S, Mishra AK, Kakkar D. Novel biotin-functionalized lipidic nanocarriers for encapsulating BpT and Bp4eT iron chelators: evaluation of potential anti-tumour efficacy by in vitro, in vivo and pharmacokinetic studies in A549 mice models. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra03079c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This work proposes a novel strategy for delivery of iron chelators to the tumour cells which is exemplified in A549 mice models by using lipidic nanocarriers and introducing biotin based targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Dumoga
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences
- Timarpur
- Delhi-110054
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Delhi
| | - Namit Dey
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences
- Timarpur
- Delhi-110054
| | - Anivind Kaur
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences
- Timarpur
- Delhi-110054
| | | | - Anil K. Mishra
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences
- Timarpur
- Delhi-110054
| | - Dipti Kakkar
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences
- Timarpur
- Delhi-110054
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Manning T, Plummer S, Baker T, Wylie G, Clingenpeel AC, Phillips D. Development of a three component complex to increase isoniazid efficacy against isoniazid resistant and nonresistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:4621-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kakkar D, Dumoga S, Kumar R, Chuttani K, Mishra AK. PEGylated solid lipid nanoparticles: design, methotrexate loading and biological evaluation in animal models. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5md00104h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The design of pegylated SLNs for efficient entrapment and delivery of methotrexate at tumour sites in order to overcome its bioavailability and blood retention issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipti Kakkar
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences
- India
| | - Shweta Dumoga
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences
- India
| | - Rohit Kumar
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences
- India
| | - Krishna Chuttani
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences
- India
| | - Anil Kumar Mishra
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences
- India
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Thukral DK, Dumoga S, Arora S, Chuttani K, Mishra AK. Potential carriers of chemotherapeutic drugs: matrix based nanoparticulate polymeric systems. Cancer Nanotechnol 2014; 5:3. [PMID: 26561511 PMCID: PMC4631724 DOI: 10.1186/s12645-014-0003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work matrix based nanoparticulate polymer systems have been designed using the diacrylate derivative of the well-known biocompatible polymer, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). This has been crosslinked using bifunctional (ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate) and tetrafunctional (pentaerythritol tetraacrylate) crosslinkers in varied concentrations (10-90%) to result in a polymeric network. The crosslinked polymers thus obtained were characterized by spectroscopic techniques (NMR and FTIR) and then prepared nanoparticles by the nanoprecipitation technique. Particle size analysis showed sizes of ~150 nm (PDI < 1) (with tetrafunctional crosslinker) and ~300 nm (with bifunctional crosslinker). Both the systems however showed unimodal narrow particle size distributions with negative zeta potential values of -15.6 and -7.3 respectively. Cytotoxicity of these formulations was evaluated by MTT assay showing non-cytotoxic nature of these carrier systems. In vitro drug loading and release studies were carried out using a model chemotherapeutic drug, methotrexate(MTX). These MTX loaded nanoformulations have also been evaluated biologically with the help of in vivo studies using radiolabeling techniques (with 99mTc radionuclide). The blood kinetics profile of the formulations was studied on New Zealand Albino rabbits while the biodistribution studies were performed on balb/c mice (with EAT tumours), which revealed a hepatobiliary mode of elimination. These preliminary studies clearly demonstrated the ability of these multifunctional crosslinkers to result in tight nanosized networks with biocompatible polymers such as PEG and their potential to carry chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipti Kakkar Thukral
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research & Development Organization(DRDO), Brig S. K. Mazumdar Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054 India
| | - Shweta Dumoga
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research & Development Organization(DRDO), Brig S. K. Mazumdar Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054 India
| | - Shelly Arora
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research & Development Organization(DRDO), Brig S. K. Mazumdar Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054 India
| | - Krishna Chuttani
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research & Development Organization(DRDO), Brig S. K. Mazumdar Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054 India
| | - Anil K Mishra
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research & Development Organization(DRDO), Brig S. K. Mazumdar Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054 India
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