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Repova K, Aziriova S, Krajcirovicova K, Simko F. Cardiovascular therapeutics: A new potential for anxiety treatment? Med Res Rev 2022; 42:1202-1245. [PMID: 34993995 PMCID: PMC9304130 DOI: 10.1002/med.21875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Besides the well‐recognized risk factors, novel conditions increasing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are emerging. Undesirable emotions and behavior such as anxiety and depression, appear to participate in worsening cardiovascular pathologies. On the other hand, deteriorating conditions of the heart and vasculature result in disturbed mental and emotional health. The pathophysiological background of this bidirectional interplay could reside in an inappropriate activation of vegetative neurohormonal and other humoral systems in both cardiovascular and psychological disturbances. This results in circulus vitiosus potentiating mental and circulatory disorders. Thus, it appears to be of utmost importance to examine the alteration of emotions, cognition, and behavior in cardiovascular patients. In terms of this consideration, recognizing the potential of principal cardiovascular drugs to interact with the mental state in patients with heart or vasculature disturbances is unavoidable, to optimize their therapeutic benefit. In general, beta‐blockers, central sympatholytics, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, aldosterone receptor blockers, sacubitril/valsartan, and fibrates are considered to exert anxiolytic effect in animal experiments and clinical settings. Statins and some beta‐blockers appear to have an equivocal impact on mood and anxiety and ivabradine expressed neutral psychological impact. It seems reasonable to suppose that the knowledge of a patient's mood, cognition, and behavior, along with applying careful consideration of the choice of the particular cardiovascular drug and respecting its potential psychological benefit or harm might improve the individualized approach to the treatment of cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Repova
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Silvia Aziriova
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Kristina Krajcirovicova
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Fedor Simko
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.,3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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2
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Jiao Y, Li G. PARP inhibitor PJ34 ameliorates cognitive impairments induced by transient cerebral ischemia/reperfusion through its anti-inflammatory effects in a rat model. Neurosci Lett 2021; 764:136202. [PMID: 34478817 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is a major health threat to humankind around the world, and the reperfusion methods may provoke irreversible damages to brain tissues, causing impairment of neurological function. The goal of this study is to investigate the potential neurological protective effect of PJ34, a well-characterized poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) inhibitor, on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced injury of the rat model. The cerebral I/R rats were received (3, 6, or 12 mg/kg) injections of PJ34 or saline at 24 h, 6 h before middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and 1 h, 24 h, and 48 h after MCAO. All rats were subject to the neurological behavior tests by open field test and Morris water maze test. The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in cerebral tissues was also determined. Our results demonstrated that the administration of PJ34 dose-dependently ameliorated cerebral I/R-induced injury and improved neurological performance of cerebral I/R rats. We also revealed that PJ34 treatment effectively reduced COX2, iNOS, and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the I/R-induced injury tissues. Our finding further supports that inhibition of PARP-1 activity is beneficial for reducing post-I/R-induced brain damage via targeting inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dongzhimen Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.5 Haiyuncang, Dongcheng District, Beijing 10000, China
| | - Guoyan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.5 Haiyuncang, Dongcheng District, Beijing 10000, China.
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3
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Hasegawa Y, Uchikawa H, Kajiwara S, Morioka M. Central sympathetic nerve activation in subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurochem 2021; 160:34-50. [PMID: 34525222 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a life-threatening condition, and although its two main complications-cerebral vasospasm (CVS)/delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) and early brain injury (EBI)-have been widely studied, prognosis has not improved over time. The sympathetic nerve (SN) system is important for the regulation of cardiovascular function and is closely associated with cerebral vessels and the regulation of cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular function; thus, excessive SN activation leads to a rapid breakdown of homeostasis in the brain. In the hyperacute phase, patients with SAH can experience possibly lethal conditions that are thought to be associated with SN activation (catecholamine surge)-related arrhythmia, neurogenic pulmonary edema, and irreversible injury to the hypothalamus and brainstem. Although the role of the SN system in SAH has long been investigated and considerable evidence has been collected, the exact pathophysiology remains undetermined, mainly because the relationships between the SN system and SAH are complicated, and many SN-modulating factors are involved. Thus, research concerning these relationships needs to explore novel findings that correlate with the relevant concepts based on past reliable evidence. Here, we explore the role of the central SN (CSN) system in SAH pathophysiology and provide a comprehensive review of the functional CSN network; brain injury in hyperacute phase involving the CSN system; pathophysiological overlap between the CSN system and the two major SAH complications, CVS/DCI and EBI; CSN-modulating factors; and SAH-related extracerebral organ injury. Further studies are warranted to determine the specific roles of the CSN system in the brain injuries associated with SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hasegawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, Okawa, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Uchikawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Sosho Kajiwara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Motohiro Morioka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
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4
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Liu S, Luo W, Wang Y. Emerging role of PARP-1 and PARthanatos in ischemic stroke. J Neurochem 2021; 160:74-87. [PMID: 34241907 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cell death is a key feature of neurological diseases, including stroke and neurodegenerative disorders. Studies in a variety of ischemic/hypoxic mouse models demonstrate that poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1)-dependent cell death, also named PARthanatos, plays a pivotal role in ischemic neuronal cell death and disease progress. PARthanatos has its unique triggers, processors, and executors that convey a highly orchestrated and programmed signaling cascade. In addition to its role in gene transcription, DNA damage repair, and energy homeostasis through PARylation of its various targets, PARP-1 activation in neuron and glia attributes to brain damage following ischemia/reperfusion. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of PARP-1 reduces infarct volume, eliminates inflammation, and improves recovery of neurological functions in stroke. Here, we reviewed the role of PARP-1 and PARthanatos in stroke and their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiqiao Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Weibo Luo
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Yingfei Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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First approach to distinguish between cardiac and arteriosclerotic emboli of individual stroke patients applying the histological THROMBEX-classification rule. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8433. [PMID: 33875717 PMCID: PMC8055901 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87584-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endovascular treatment of strokes caused by large vessel occlusion enables the histopathological investigation of the retrieved embolus, possibly providing a novel opportunity to contribute to the diagnostic workup of etiology and to define secondary prevention measures in strokes with uncertain genesis. We aimed to develop a classification rule based on pathophysiological considerations and adjustment to reference thrombi for distinction between cardiac and arteriosclerotic emboli and to validate this classification rule on a patient cohort. From 125 patients with stroke due to large vessel occlusion and thrombectomy, 82 patients with known etiology (55 cardioembolic and 27 arterioembolic strokes) were included. The corresponding emboli were histologically evaluated by two raters blinded to the etiology of stroke by means of a novel classification rule. Presumed etiology and classification results were compared. Agreement concerning cardiac emboli was 72.2% (95% CI: 58.4–83.5) for rater I and 78.2% (95% CI: 65.0–88.2) for rater II. Agreement concerning arteriosclerotic emboli was 70.4% (95% CI: 49.8–86.3) for rater I and 74.1% (95% CI: 53.7–88.9) for rater II. Overall agreement reached 71.6% (95% CI: 60.5–81.1) for rater I and 76.8% (95% CI: 66.2–85.4) for rater II. Within the limits of generally restricted accuracy of histological evaluations, the classification rule differentiates between cardiac and arteriosclerotic emboli of acute ischemic stroke patients. Further improvement is needed to provide valuable complementary data for stroke etiology workup.
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Zhang YT, Xiao MF, Liao Q, Liu WL, Deng KW, Zhou YQ, Tang Y, He FY, Yang YT. Application of TQSM polypharmacokinetics and its similarity approach to ascertain Q-marker by analyses of transitivity in vivo of five candidates in Buyanghuanwu injection. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 45:18-25. [PMID: 29555366 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well-known that the public still have been facing on a severe issue about the inconsistency of quality and therapeutic efficacy of traditional medicines. Recently, Professor Chang-Xiao Liu has created a new promising concept for identifying relevant quality-markers (Q-marker) from herbs, their formulas and manufacturing products. Therefore, building up a new approach is necessary for us to bridge over quality to efficacy of pharmaceutical products. STUDY DESIGN In this paper, five candidate Q-markers, astragaloside IV, paeonflorin, amygdalin, tetramethylpyrazine, ferulic acid in Buyanghuanwu injection (BYHWI) had been designed to carry out in rat by using single and polypharmacokinetic models for total quanta to ascertain adequate Q-marker. METHODS The Q-marker transitivity in vivo was studied with polypharmacokinetic model and its similarity approach, which were modeled with TQSM principle. The Q-marker was ascertained with transitive similarity and bioavailability in polypharmacokinetics. Their concentrations in plasma sample of white rat were determined by RP-HPLC. Data analyses were used by the DAS software for singles and myself-written-program with EXCEL for multiples. RESULTS In BYHWI, five candidate Q-marker pharmacokinetic profiles were singly fixed to two compartmental models in rat using classical compartmental analysis, but there were tremendous differences among which the candidate parameters were fluctuated from nearly 3552 folds to equivalency. The theoretical value of TQSM polypharmacokinetic parameters such as AUCT, MRTT, VRTT, CLT, VT over the mixure of five drugs were 110.8 ± 51.91 mg min ml-1, 176.0 ± 36.5 min, 39,921 ± 4311 min2, 0.3116 ± 0.02347 ml min-1 kg-1, 54.83 ± 7.683 ml kg-1 respectively. The TQSM polypharmacokinetic parameters in astragaloside Ⅳ ordered by AUCT, MRTT, VRTT, CLT, VT were 110.8 ± 51.91 mg min ml-1, 176.0 ± 36.5 min, 39,921 ± 4311 min2, 0.3116 ± 0.02347 ml min-1 kg-1, 54.83 ± 7.683 ml kg-1, respectively, which were closed to the theoretical values. TQSM similarity versus astragaloside Ⅳ was 0.9661. CONCLUSION The results represented that the optimum Q-marker in BYHWI is astragaloside Ⅳ, whose transitivity in vivo similarity was close to the behavior of polypharmacokinetics with maximum bioavailability to the total quanta. It is feasible for Q-marker in CMMs to screen on the comparison of single pharmacokinetic behavior and bioavailability to the total quanta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tian Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Pharmacy College, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Druggability and Preparation Modification for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Feng Xiao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Pharmacy College, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Druggability and Preparation Modification for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China; Department of Supramolecular Mechanism and Mathematic-Physics Characterization for Chinese Materia Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Liao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Pharmacy College, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Long Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Pharmacy College, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Druggability and Preparation Modification for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China; Department of Supramolecular Mechanism and Mathematic-Physics Characterization for Chinese Materia Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
| | - Kai-Wen Deng
- Department of Acupuncture, The First Affinitied Hospital, Hunan University of Tradition Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China; Department of Supramolecular Mechanism and Mathematic-Physics Characterization for Chinese Materia Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Qun Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Pharmacy College, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Druggability and Preparation Modification for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China; Department of Supramolecular Mechanism and Mathematic-Physics Characterization for Chinese Materia Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
| | - Yu Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Pharmacy College, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Yuan He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Pharmacy College, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Druggability and Preparation Modification for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China; Department of Supramolecular Mechanism and Mathematic-Physics Characterization for Chinese Materia Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China.
| | - Yan-Tao Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Pharmacy College, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Druggability and Preparation Modification for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China.
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Protection of the brain following cerebral ischemia through the attenuation of PARP-1-induced neurovascular unit damage in rats. Brain Res 2015. [PMID: 26220474 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is a major health crisis throughout the world, and the currently available thrombolytic therapy is unsatisfactory. Cell death following cerebral ischemia is mediated by a complex pathophysiological interaction of various mechanisms. During an ischemic insult, not only neurons but all of the components of the neurovascular unit, such as glia, endothelia, pericytes and basal membranes, are destroyed. Previous studies have shown that excessive stimulation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP-1) is crucial for cerebral injury after ischemic insult, which is an important cause of cell death in all cell types within the neurovascular unit. To investigate whether PARP-1 plays an important role in protecting the neurovascular unit following cerebral ischemia, we evaluated neurobehavioral deficits, PARP-1 activity, blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption and neurovascular unit deficits using Western blot analysis, TTC staining and electron microscopy in an MCAO rat model. The results revealed that PARP-1 enzymatic activity was dramatically increased after ischemia. Inhibition of PARP-1 significantly reduced the extent of both cerebral infarction and edema, improved neurological scores, and attenuated the damage to the neurovascular unit in cerebral ischemia. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the down-regulation of PARP-1 activity contributes to reducing post-ischemic brain damage via protection of the neurovascular unit.
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Filipponi P, Ostacolo C, Novellino E, Pellicciari R, Gioiello A. Continuous Flow Synthesis of Thieno[2,3-c]isoquinolin-5(4H)-one Scaffold: A Valuable Source of PARP-1 Inhibitors. Org Process Res Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/op500074h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Filipponi
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Perugia, Via del Liceo
1, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Carmine Ostacolo
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberto Pellicciari
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Perugia, Via del Liceo
1, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- TES Pharma S.r.l.,
Via Palmiro Togliatti 22bis, I-06073
Loc. Terrioli, Corciano (Perugia), Italy
| | - Antimo Gioiello
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Perugia, Via del Liceo
1, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
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