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Molfenter T, Jacobson N, Kim JS, Horst J, Kim H, Madden L, Brown R, Haram E, Knudsen HK. Building medication for opioid use disorder prescriber capacity during the opioid epidemic: Prescriber recruitment trends and methods. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE AND ADDICTION TREATMENT 2023; 147:208975. [PMID: 36804353 PMCID: PMC10833474 DOI: 10.1016/j.josat.2023.208975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physicians are a critical clinical resource for patient care. Yet physician recruitment has been considerably understudied, particularly in substance use disorder (SUD) settings. This study proposes a conceptual model called the "Physician Recruitment Descriptive Factors Framework" to investigate the role of environmental, organizational, and individual factors in the use of physician recruitment strategies. METHODS The study setting was 75 sites that provided outpatient SUD treatment services in Florida, Ohio, and Wisconsin from 2016 to 2019. Central to the analysis is the use of five targeted physician recruitment strategies. The study investigated whether financial conditions, location (urban v. non-urban), external implementation coaching, and recruiters' roles influenced use of the targeted physician recruitment strategies. RESULTS During the study period, a formal plan to recruit physicians was the most common strategy used (n = 67.6 %). The director or chief executive officer (CEO) was most likely to conduct physician recruitment (n = 58.7 %). During the study, use of four of the five recruitment strategies significantly declined (at p ≤ 0.01), while the perceived need for new prescribing capacity significantly declined (p ≤ 0.01), and prescribers per site increased from 1.54 to 3.21. Sixty-four percent of this increase in prescribers was due to more physician prescribers, while 36 % was due to the onset of the ability of advanced nurse practitioners and physician assistants to prescribe buprenorphine. In year 3 of the study, the strategies most closely aligned with the current number of prescribers were conducting weekly outreach to prescriber candidates (p = .018), having a dedicated prescriber recruiter (p = .011), and having a dedicated budget for prescriber recruiting (p = .002). CONCLUSIONS The study describes which physician recruitment strategies SUD treatment sites used and how the need to recruit physicians for specialty treatment SUD clinics declined as prescriber capacity increased. The proposed multi-level framework provides the scaffolding for future physician recruitment research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd Molfenter
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1513 University Ave., Madison, WI, United States of America.
| | - Nora Jacobson
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Institute for Clinical and Translational Research and School of Nursing, 4116 Signe Skott Cooper Hall, 701 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, United States of America
| | - Jee-Seon Kim
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Educational Psychology, 1025 West Johnson St., Madison, WI 53706-1706, United States of America
| | - Julie Horst
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1513 University Ave., Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Hanna Kim
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Educational Psychology, 1025 West Johnson St., Madison, WI 53706-1706, United States of America
| | - Lynn Madden
- APT Foundation, 1 Long Wharf Drive, Suite 321, New Haven, CT 06511, United States of America; Yale University, Department of Internal Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, United States of America
| | - Randy Brown
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, 1100 Delaplaine Ct., Madison, WI 53715-1896, United States of America
| | - Eric Haram
- Haram Consulting, 413 River Road, Bowdoinham, ME 04008, United States of America
| | - Hannah K Knudsen
- University of Kentucky, Department of Behavioral Science and Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, 845 Angliana Ave., Room 204, Lexington, KY 40508, United States of America
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G. Button B, Taylor K, McArthur M, Newbery S, Cameron E. The economic impact of rural healthcare on rural economies: A rapid review. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF RURAL MEDICINE 2022; 27:158-168. [DOI: 10.4103/cjrm.cjrm_70_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Beachler M, Holloman C, Pathman DE. Lessons Learned in Phase I of the Southern Rural Access Program. J Rural Health 2003; 19 Suppl:416-21. [PMID: 14526526 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-0361.2003.tb01062.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's Southern Rural Access Program has been an important investment of philanthropic funds to augment resources and improve health care access in underserved rural communities. The program's first phase has taught important lessons about building capacity in rural health care. This article uses a variety of data to document the program's major accomplishments and most significant challenges to date. The program's revolving loan fund efforts are promising. The program has also played a catalytic role in stimulating rural health network development in the South and has helped stimulate partnerships with Southern philanthropies and multiple local, state, and federal agencies. Challenges have included the broad geographic and programmatic focus of the initiative as well as changing and often difficult state policy environments. Additional challenges include maintaining interagency coordination over time and managing staff and lead agency turnover. Overall, the experience suggests that a concentrated regional approach has merit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Beachler
- Penn State College of Medicine, 600 Centerview Dr, Suite 5301, Hershey, PA 17033-0855, USA
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Abstract
Rural residents experience significant disparities in health status and access to care. These disparities and access barriers are particularly prevalent in rural communities in the South. The Southern Rural Access Program, a national program of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, was designed as a long-term effort to improve access to basic health care in 8 of the most underserved states in the country. The program was launched in 1998 with 3 goals: (1) to increase the supply of providers in underserved areas, (2) to strengthen the health care infrastructure, and (3) to build capacity at the state and community level to solve problems. The first 3-year phase of the program made $13.8 million available to communities in the 8 target states, and a January 2002 reauthorization of the program will make an additional $18.9 million available in the next 4 years. This article will provide an overview of the Southern Rural Access Program, focusing on the development and evolution of the program during its first 3-year phase. The article will also highlight some of the refinements that the foundation has made during the 2002-2006 second phase of the program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Beachler
- Penn State College of Medicine, Suite 5301, 600 Centerview Dr, Hershey, PA 17033-0855, USA
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