1
|
|
2
|
Treatment with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, fluoxetine, attenuates the fish hypoxia response. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31148. [PMID: 27499056 PMCID: PMC4976378 DOI: 10.1038/srep31148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluoxetine (FLX), the active ingredient of the antidepressant drug Prozac, inhibits reuptake of the neurotransmitter, serotonin (5-HT; 5-hydroxytryptamine), into cells by the 5-HT transporter (SERT). Given the role of 5-HT in oxygen detection and the cardiovascular and ventilatory responses of fish to hypoxia, we hypothesized that treatment of the Gulf toadfish, Opsanus beta, with FLX would interfere with their response to hypoxia. Toadfish treated intra-arterially with 3.4 μg.g−1 FLX under normoxic conditions displayed a transient tachycardia and a biphasic caudal arterial blood pressure (PCA) response that are in direct conflict with the typical hypoxia response. Fish injected intraperitoneally with FLX under normoxia had resting cardiovascular and ventilatory parameters similar to controls. Upon exposure to hypoxia, control toadfish exhibit a significant bradycardia, reduction in PCA and an increase in ventilatory amplitude (VAMP) without any changes in ventilatory frequency (fV). Fish treated IP with 10 μg.g−1 FLX showed an interference in the cardiovascular and ventilatory response to hypoxia. Interestingly, when treated with 25 μg.g−1 FLX, the bradycardia and VAMP response to hypoxia were similar to control fish while the PCA response to hypoxia was further inhibited. These results suggest that SERT inhibition by FLX may hinder survival in hypoxia.
Collapse
|
3
|
Elasmobranch Cardiovascular System. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801286-4.00001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
4
|
Pelster B, Schwerte T. The paracrine role of 5-HT in the control of gill blood flow. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2012; 184:340-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2012.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
5
|
Porteus CS, Brink DL, Milsom WK. Neurotransmitter profiles in fish gills: putative gill oxygen chemoreceptors. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2012; 184:316-25. [PMID: 22728948 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2012.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In fish, cells containing serotonin, ACh, catecholamines, NO, H(2)S, leu-5-enkephalin, met-5-enkephalin and neuropeptide Y are found in the gill filaments and lamellae. Serotonin containing neuroepithelial cells (NECs) located along the filament are most abundant and are the only group found in all fish studied to date. The presence of NECs in other locations or containing other transmitters is species specific and it is rare that any one NEC contains more than one neurochemical. The gills are innervated by both extrinsic and intrinsic nerves and they can be cholinergic, serotonergic or contain both transmitters. Some NECs are presumed to be involved in paracrine regulation of gill blood flow, while others part of the reflex pathways involved in cardiorespiratory control. There is both direct and indirect evidence to indicate that the chemosensing cells involved in these latter reflexes sit in locations where some monitor O(2) levels in water, blood or both, yet the anatomical data do not show such clear distinctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cosima S Porteus
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Autonomic control of circulation in fish: A comparative view. Auton Neurosci 2011; 165:127-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
7
|
Cox GK, Sandblom E, Farrell AP. Cardiac responses to anoxia in the Pacific hagfish, Eptatretus stoutii. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 213:3692-8. [PMID: 20952617 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.046425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In the absence of any previous study of the cardiac status of hagfishes during prolonged anoxia and because of their propensity for oxygen-depleted environments, the present study tested the hypothesis that the Pacific hagfish Eptatretus stoutii maintains cardiac performance during prolonged anoxia. Heart rate was halved from the routine value of 10.4±1.3 beats min⁻¹ by the sixth hour of an anoxic period and then remained stable for a further 30 h. Cardiac stroke volume increased from routine (1.3±0.1 ml kg⁻¹) to partially compensate the anoxic bradycardia, such that cardiac output decreased by only 33% from the routine value of 12.3±0.9 ml min⁻¹ kg⁻¹. Cardiac power output decreased by only 25% from the routine value of 0.26±0.02 mW g⁻¹. During recovery from prolonged anoxia, cardiac output and heart rate increased to peak values within 1.5 h. Thus, the Pacific hagfish should be acknowledged as hypoxic tolerant in terms of its ability to maintain around 70% of their normoxic cardiac performance during prolonged anoxia. This is only the second fish species to be so classified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgina K Cox
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
|
9
|
Foster JM, Forster ME, Olson KR. Different sensitivities of arteries and veins to vasoactive drugs in a hagfish, Eptatretus cirrhatus. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2008; 148:107-11. [PMID: 18487091 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2008.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2008] [Revised: 03/11/2008] [Accepted: 04/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We used myography on five different arteries and three veins of the hagfish, Eptatretus cirrhatus, to test the response of vessels to vasoactive drugs. Concentration-response curves were generated for carbachol, endothelin-1, arginine vasotocin and the adrenergic agonists, phenylephrine and isoprenaline. pEC50 values indicated that veins were more sensitive to endothelin-1 than were arteries, but the arteries were more sensitive to the cholinergic agonist, carbachol. Segmental arteries did not react to arginine vasotocin, but all other vessels did, and on a molar basis it was the most potent agonist tested. That ventral and dorsal aortas were more sensitive to arginine vasotocin than smaller vessels might indicate that this neurohypophysial peptide has the potential to exert a profound influence on branchial vascular resistance and cardiac output in hagfishes. The results also demonstrate the potential for a variety of endogenous peptides to contribute to central venous tone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Foster
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8020, New Zealand
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
Abstract
Inspection of the dorsal end of fish gills reveals an impressive set of nerve trunks, connecting the gills to the brain. These trunks are branches of cranial nerves VII (the facial) and especially IX (the glossopharyngeal) and X (the vagus). The nerve trunks carry a variety of nervous pathways to and from the gills. A substantial fraction of the nerves running in the branchial trunks carry afferent (sensory) information from receptors within the gills. There are also efferent (motor) pathways, which control muscles within the gills, blood flow patterns and possibly secretory functions. Undertaking a more careful survey of the gills, it becomes evident that the arrangement of the microanatomy (particularly the blood vessels) and its innervation are strikingly complex. The complexity not only reflects the many functions of the gills but also illustrates that the control of blood flow patterns in the gills is of crucial importance in modifying the efficiency of its chief functions: gas transfer and salt balance. The "respiratory-osmoregulatory compromise" is maintained by minimizing the blood/water exchange (functional surface area of the gills) to a level where excessive water loss (marine teleosts) or gain (freshwater teleosts) is kept low while ensuring sufficient gas exchange. This review describes the arrangement and mechanisms of known nervous pathways, both afferent and efferent, of fish (notably teleosts) gills. Emphasis is placed primarily on the autonomic nervous system and mechanisms of blood flow control, together with an outline of the afferent (sensory) pathways of the gill arches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Sundin
- Department of Zoophysiology, Göteborg University, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Park KH, Kim KH, Choi MS, Choi SH, Yoon JM, Kim YG. Cyclooxygenase-derived products, rather than nitric oxide, are endothelium-derived relaxing factor(s) in the ventral aorta of carp (Cyprinus carpio). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2000; 127:89-98. [PMID: 10996821 DOI: 10.1016/s0305-0491(00)00264-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In some fish blood vessels, the existence of a NO (nitric oxide) system has been reported. We examined the possibility that this NO system acts as an endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) in carp aorta using the carp aorta alone and in a combined carp-rat aorta donor-detector system. Use of the typical NO stimulating agent in mammal acetylcholine (ACh) only induced constriction of the carp aorta. This response was not modified by denudation or by NO synthesis inhibition with N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. Neither the indirect NO stimulating agents bradykinin and histamine nor the direct NO releasers sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and SIN-1 induced vasorelaxation. Both SNP and ACh elevated the cGMP concentration in rat aorta, but not in carp aorta. In the aorta combination set-up, where carp served as a NO donor and rat aorta served as a NO detector, no relaxation of the rat aorta was observed. The calcium ionophore A23187, a known EDRF producer in mammals, induced relaxation of carp aorta through an endothelium- and cyclooxygenase-dependent mechanism. These results indicate that carp aorta does not produce NO as an EDRF nor does it respond to exogenously supplied NO. The major EDRF in carp is apparently a product(s) of cyclooxygenase metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K H Park
- Department of Marine Biomedical Sciences, College of Ocean Science and Technology, Kunsan National University, Chonbuk, 573-702, Kunsan City, South Korea.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sundin L, Nilsson GE. Branchial and circulatory responses to serotonin and rapid ambient water acidification in rainbow trout. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY 2000; 287:113-9. [PMID: 10900430 DOI: 10.1002/1097-010x(20000701)287:2<113::aid-jez1>3.0.co;2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Although the branchial and cardiovascular effects of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) have only partially been characterized, a physiological role for serotonin in the cardiorespiratory responses of fish to environmental changes such as reduced Ph has been suggested. Therefore, we have characterized and compared the effects of serotonin and a rapid reduction of Ph in the ambient water (from pH 8.8 to pH 4.0) on ventral and dorsal aortic blood pressures, heart rate, cardiac output, and arterial pH in rainbow trout, Onchorhynchus mykiss. In addition, the circulation in the branchial microvasculature was observed using in vivo epi-illumination microscopy. The fall in water Ph and injection of serotonin (100 nmol/kg) both increased the branchial resistance and reduced the efferent filamental artery (EFA) blood velocity. Nevertheless, quantitatively, the responses to the two stimuli were different. Although acid exposure caused a much more profound increase in branchial resistance compared with serotonin, the blood flow in the observable distal portion of the EFA was only reduced by 60% in acid water, while it stopped with serotonin. Regardless of the marked branchial resistance elevation, a constriction of the efferent filamental vasculature could not be seen during acid exposure, as occasionally was the case with serotonin. While methysergide completely abolished the serotonin-induced branchial events, it only modestly suppressed the acid-induced reduction of EFA blood velocity. In contrast, all of the systemic changes induced by serotonin and acidic water were insensitive to methysergide. In conclusion, acidic water and injected serotonin elevate the branchial resistance, but the involvement of a serotonergic component in the acidic response appears negligible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Sundin
- Department of Zoophysiology, Göteborg University, Sweden.
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Abstract
The arrangement of the fish gill vasculature is quite complex, and varies between the different fish groups. The use of vascular casting techniques has greatly enhanced our knowledge of the anatomy of the branchial microcirculation, not least through the contributions of Pierre Laurent and co-workers at Strasbourg. At different physiological situations, the contact surface between water and blood (functional surface area) varies to balance oxygen uptake against osmotic water flow ("respiratory-osmoregulatory compromise"). This is controlled by nerves and by blood-borne or locally released substances that affect blood flow patterns in the gill. Histochemical techniques have been used to demonstrate neurotransmitter substances in the branchial innervation. In combination with physioly-osmoregulatory compromise" at different physiological situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Nilsson
- Department of Zoophysiology, University of Göteborg, Sweden.
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Janvier JJ, Peyraud-Waïtzenegger M, Soulier P. Effects of serotonin on the cardio-circulatory system of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) in vivo. J Comp Physiol B 1996; 166:131-7. [PMID: 8766910 DOI: 10.1007/bf00301176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The effects of serotonin on continuously recorded cardiac parameters (heart rate, cardiac output, cardiac stroke volume), ventral and dorsal aortic blood pressures, branchial and systemic vascular resistances were investigated in the European eel in vivo. Intravenous administration of serotonin (30 micrograms.kg-1) caused a marked bradycardia (45%) and a simultaneous decrease in cardiac output (50%), ventral (35%) and dorsal (50%) aortic blood pressures. Branchial resistance was markedly increased (60%) and systemic resistance decreased (30%). Cardiac stroke volume remained unchanged. The effects of serotonin on cardiac parameters were suppressed either by methysergide or a bilateral section of the cardiac vagus. Bradycardia could then be regarded as the consequence of a vagal mechanism triggered by serotonin action on central methysergide-sensitive serotonergic receptors. No inotropic effect of serotonin was observed. This lack of myocardiac contractility modification is discussed. The serotonin-mediated branchial vasoconstriction was attenuated by vagotomy, whereas the residual increase in branchial resistance (40%) was suppressed by methysergide. The serotonin-mediated branchial vasoconstriction could be the consequence of both a passive mechanism (compliance) caused by the decrease in cardiac output and an active mechanism involving methysergide-sensitive serotonergic receptors of the branchial vasculature. A possible involvement of this vasomotor effect in gill oxygen uptake is discussed. The serotonin-induced systemic vasodilation was insensitive either to cardiac vagotomy or to 5-HT1/2, 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 receptor antagonists, suggesting the involvement of a local mechanism which remains to be assessed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J J Janvier
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Brest, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Burleson ML, Milsom WK. Cardio-ventilatory control in rainbow trout: II. Reflex effects of exogenous neurochemicals. RESPIRATION PHYSIOLOGY 1995; 101:289-99. [PMID: 8607001 DOI: 10.1016/0034-5687(95)00029-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The effects of various neurochemicals were examined in intact, unanesthetized rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to assess the role of branchial O2-sensitive chemoreceptors in the cardio-ventilatory responses to exogenous neurochemicals. cyanide stimulated ventilation and elicited bradycardia when give externally but only stimulated ventilation when injected internally. Norepinephrine increased heart rate, blood pressure and ventilatory rate but opercular pressure was not affect. Dopamine had no effect on either heart or ventilatory rate but increased blood pressure and decreased opercular pressure. Serotonin stimulated heart rate and ventilation but decreased blood pressure. Acetylcholine and nicotine stimulated all cardio-ventilatory variables. Muscarine decreased heart rate and blood pressure and had a biphasic effect on ventilation. These results, combined with the results from the preceding study, suggest that the cardio-ventilatory effects of exogenously administered (1) cyanide are entirely mediated by gill O2 receptors, (2) serotonin, and cholinergic drugs could be partly mediated by O2 receptors and (3) catecholaminergic drugs are not mediated by O2 receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M L Burleson
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Acetylcholine induces relaxation via the release of nitric oxide from endothelial cells of the garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis) aorta. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0742-8413(93)90150-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
19
|
Bailly Y, Dunel-Erb S, Laurent P. The neuroepithelial cells of the fish gill filament: indolamine-immunocytochemistry and innervation. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 1992; 233:143-61. [PMID: 1605374 DOI: 10.1002/ar.1092330118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The neuroepithelial cells (NECs) of the fish gill filament share several morphofunctional features with the cells of the neuroepithelial bodies in the lungs of air-breathing vertebrates. In the present study, a detailed indolamine-immunocytochemical analysis of the branchial neuroepithelial cells and nerves was undertaken in non-teleost and teleost species, with particular emphasis on the latter. In the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, the chemical degeneration of either catecholaminergic (by 5- and 6-hydroxydopamines) or indolaminergic (by 5,6-dihydroxy-tryptamine) innervations associated with the NECs was studied using electron microscopy. In teleosts, the NECs are located primarily on the distal half of the filament. In the trout particularly, these cells are innervated mainly by non-indolaminergic nerves taking up sympathetic neurotoxins. The proximal half of the filament contains isolated NECs innervated additionally by intrinsic indolaminergic neurons. Serotonin-like immunoreactivity of the NECs is evident in the granular vesicles packed within the basal soma and processes which surround non-vascular and vascular smooth muscles in the filament. Apical processes from the neuroepithelial cells occasionally contact the water on the surface of the filament epithelium. The secretory function of the NECs is discussed with reference to the probable involvement of serotonin in the modulation of fish gill function. In addition, their connections with both central and branchial nervous systems suggest a possible chemoreceptor role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Bailly
- Laboratoire de Morphologie Fonctionnelle, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
5 Cardiovascular Control by Purines, 5-Hydroxytryptamine, and Neuropeptides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s1546-5098(08)60012-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
21
|
Nilsson S, Holmgren S. Novel neurotransmitters in the autonomic nervous systems of nonmammalian vertebrates. Pharmacol Ther 1989; 41:257-87. [PMID: 2565580 DOI: 10.1016/0163-7258(89)90110-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Nilsson
- Department of Zoophysiology, University of Göteborg, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
The in vitro effects of synthetic substance P (SP) on rings of the ventral aorta and on the systemic heart of Myxine glutinosa were investigated by the use of an organ bath. Increasing molar amounts (10(-16) to 10(-8) M) of SP were applied and the reaction of the aortic rings was recorded with isometric transducers. SP was found to contract the Myxine aorta in a dose-dependent manner starting at a threshold concentration of 10(-14) M and reaching a plateau at 10(-11) M. Therefore, the effective dose of SP seems to be in a physiological range. On the other hand, the heart was found to be insensitive to SP even in doses as high as 10(-5) M. By means of immunohistochemistry, SP-immunoreactive endocrine cells were found throughout the Myxine intestine while no SP-immunoreactive nerve fibers were detected at the Myxine aorta. Thus, under physiological conditions the observed contractile effect of SP on the ventral aorta may be raised by SP-like material released from enteroendocrine cells.
Collapse
|
23
|
The effects of catecholamines on tritiated water influx and the branchial vasculature of the European eel,Anguilla anguilla L. J Comp Physiol B 1987. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00693359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
24
|
Bailly Y, Dunel-Erb S. The sphincter of the efferent filament artery in teleost gills: I. Structure and parasympathetic innervation. J Morphol 1986; 187:219-237. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.1051870208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
25
|
Hipkins SF. Adrenergic responses of the cardiovascular system of the eel, Anguilla australis, in vivo. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY 1985; 235:7-20. [PMID: 4056685 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1402350103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Heart output, arterial pressures, and heart rate were measured directly in conscious unrestrained eels (Anguilla australis) and responses to intra-arterial injection of adrenaline monitored. Adrenaline increased systemic vascular resistance, heart output, and cardiac stroke volume in all animals. In some cases small transient decreases in stroke volume and hence heart output were seen at the peak of the pressor response: These probably reflect a passive decrease in systolic emptying due to increased afterload on the heart. In most cases, adrenaline produced tachycardia; but two animals showed consistent and profound reflex bradycardia, which was accompanied by a concomitant increase in stroke volume such that heart output was maintained or increased slightly. The interaction of changes in heart output and systemic vascular resistance produced complex and variable changes in arterial pressure. There was no consistent pattern of changes in branchial vascular resistance. Atropine treatment in vivo revealed vagal cardio-inhibitory tone in some animals and always blocked the reflex bradycardia seen during adrenaline induced hypertension. In some animals, adrenaline injection after atropine pretreatment led to the establishment of cyclic changes in arterial pressure with a period of about 1 min (Mayer waves).
Collapse
|
26
|
|
27
|
Holstein B, Cederberg C. Effect of 5-HT on basal and stimulated secretions of acid and pepsin and on gastric volume outflow in the in vivo gastrically and intestinally perfused cod, Gadus morhua. AGENTS AND ACTIONS 1984; 15:291-305. [PMID: 6441468 DOI: 10.1007/bf01972365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Gastric acid and pepsin responses to 5-HT was measured, in cod, during gastric and intestinal perfusions. During basal conditions, both acid and pepsin secretions were stimulated by 0.25 mumol/kg X h of 5-HT. A higher dose, 1 mumol/kg X h inhibited acid secretion and stimulated the output of pepsin both during basal conditions and during stimulation with histamine or carbachol. Histamine and carbachol, when given alone, were powerful acid stimulators but in comparison with 5-HT poor pepsigogues. Most probably due to inhibition of gastric volume secretion, gastric outflow volume decreased during treatment with higher doses of 5-HT. However, when the intestinal perfusion was omitted and water support instead given by the intramuscular route, 5-HT induced a large increase in gastric outflow volume. Our results suggest that 5-HT may be a physiological regulator of acid and pepsin secretion in the fish. The dipsogenic effect seen in the absence of intestinal perfusion indicates that 5-HT may be involved also in the regulation of drinking.
Collapse
|
28
|
3 Innervation and Pharmacology of the Gills. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s1546-5098(08)60319-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
29
|
10 Perfusion Methods for the Study of Gill Physiology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s1546-5098(08)60189-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
30
|
Macey DJ, Epple A, Potter IC, Hilliard RW. The effect of catecholamines on branchial and cardiac electrical recordings in adult lampreys (Geotria australis). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. C, COMPARATIVE PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY 1984; 79:295-300. [PMID: 6151456 DOI: 10.1016/0742-8413(84)90203-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A method is described for injecting CAs into the caudal vein of unanaesthetized lampreys and monitoring any subsequent changes in branchial and cardiac electrical recordings. While a dose of 5-6 micrograms kg-1 body wt of norepinephrine increased the rate and amplitude of branchial and cardiac electrical recordings, the same dose of epinephrine produced a comparable effect only on the heart recordings. A dose of 5-6 micrograms kg-1 body wt of dopamine had a relatively small effect on branchial and cardiac electrical recordings. The response to CAs by lampreys is apparently dose related. The above results have been used to suggest possible ways by which CAs influence cardiac and respiratory functions in lampreys.
Collapse
|
31
|
Kiessling A, Pärt P, Ring O, Lindahl-Kiessling K. Effects of PCB on the adrenergic response in perfused gills and on levels of muscle glycogen in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Rich). BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 1983; 31:712-718. [PMID: 6318872 DOI: 10.1007/bf01606050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
|
32
|
Nilsson S, Pettersson K. Sympathetic nervous control of blood flow in the gills of the Atlantic cod,Gadus morhua. J Comp Physiol B 1981. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00802753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
33
|
Wahlqvist I, Nilsson S. Sympathetic nervous control of the vasculature in the tail of the Atlantic cod,Gadus morhua. J Comp Physiol B 1981. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00802752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
34
|
Drug induced changes in cardio-vascular parameters in the Atlantic cod,Gadus morhua. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1980. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00689211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
35
|
Effects of catecholamines on isolated systemic and branchial vascular beds of the cod,Gadus morhua. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1980. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00689212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
36
|
Nervous control of the branchial vascular resistance of the Atlantic cod,Gadus morhua. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1979. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00798183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
37
|
Peyraud-Waitzenegger M. Simultaneous modifications of ventilation and arterialP O2 by catecholamines in the eel,Anguilla anguilla L.: Participation of ? and ? effects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1979. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00686992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
38
|
Jones DR, Randall DJ. The Respiratory and Circulatory Systems During Exercise. FISH PHYSIOLOGY 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/s1546-5098(08)60169-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
39
|
Wahlqvist I, Nilsson S. The role of sympathetic fibres and circulating catecholamines in controlling the blood pressure and heart rate in the cod, Gadus morhua. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. C: COMPARATIVE PHARMACOLOGY 1977; 57:65-7. [PMID: 17509 DOI: 10.1016/0306-4492(77)90079-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
40
|
Cholinergic mechanisms and the response to ATP in the systemic vasculature of the rainbow trout. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1977. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00692519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
41
|
Capra MF, Satchell GH. The adrenergic responses of isolated saline-perfused prebranchial arteries and gills of the elasmobranch Squalus acanthias. GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY 1977; 8:67-71. [PMID: 590726 DOI: 10.1016/0306-3623(77)90068-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
42
|
Holstein B. Effect of the H2-receptor antagonist metiamide on carbachol- and histamine-induced gastric acid secretion in the Atlantic cod,Gadus morhua. ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA 1976; 97:189-95. [PMID: 949004 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1976.tb10251.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Gastric acid secretion was measured in swimming codfish surgically equipped with a catheter draining the stomach. Intramuscular injection of histamine (15.6 mug/kg-h) or carbachol (5 mug/kg-h) stimulated the secretion of acid, carbachol in addition caused a marked decrease in drinking rate of the fishes. Administration of 10 mumol/kg-h metiamide completely prevented the acid secretion induced by both drugs. The carbachol effect on the drinking rate, interpreted to mirror contraction of the stomach following stimulation of muscarinic receptors, was not affected by metiamide.
Collapse
|
43
|
Chan DK, Chow PH. The effects of acetylcholine, biogenic amines and other vasoactive agents on the cardiovascular functions of the Eel, Anguilla japonica. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY 1976; 196:13-26. [PMID: 932655 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1401960103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The blood pressure in the cardinal vein, cardiac chambers and ventral and dorsal aortae have been recorded from conscious eels in water. At low doses, acetylcholine reduced the heart rate but increased the transbranchial differential blood pressure. The effects were abolished by atropine but not by tubocurarine. At doses in excess of 0.1 mug/kg, a secondary rise in arterial blood pressure was observed which could be abolished by bretylium, phentolamine or phenoxybenzamine. Catecholamines did not affect the heart rate although a transient bradycardia due to reflex inhibition could be observed with adrenaline and noradrenaline. Catecholamines increased the cardiac contractile force through an alpha-adrenergic mechanism which was blocked by phentolamine but not by propranolol. The relative potency was noradrenaline greater than adrenaline greater than isoprenaline. A beta-adrenergic receptor located in the branchial circulation led to vasodilation and decrease in transbranchial differential pressure. Both alpha-(vasoconstriction) and beta-(vasodilation) adrenergic receptors were present in the systemic circulation. Dopamine, 5-HT, GABA and bradykinin caused bradycardia abolishable by vagotomy or atropine treatment. Angiotensin II was hypertensive but did not affect the heart rate nor the transbranchial differential pressure. Tyramine caused release of endogenous catecholamines. With repeated doses, tachyphylaxis to the drug was observed. Histamine was without any obvious cardiovascular effects in the eel.
Collapse
|
44
|
Pharmacological properties of the adrenergic receptors regulating systemic vascular resistance in the rainbow trout. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1976. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00691227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
45
|
Holmgren S, Nilsson S. Drug effects on isolated artery strips from two teleosts, Gadus morhua and Salmo gairdneri. ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA 1974; 90:431-7. [PMID: 4823015 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1974.tb05605.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
46
|
Bergman HL, Olson KR, Fromm PO. The effects of vasoactive agents on the functional surface area of isolated-perfused gills of rainbow trout. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1974. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00710640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
47
|
Lorenz W, Matejka E, Schmal A, Seidel W, Reimann HJ, Uhlig R, Mann G. A phylogenetic study on the occurrence and distribution of histamine in the gastro-intestinal tract and other tissues of man and various animals. COMPARATIVE AND GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY 1973; 4:229-50. [PMID: 4545118 DOI: 10.1016/0010-4035(73)90004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
48
|
Helgason SS, Nilsson S. Drug effects on pre- and post-branchial blood pressure and heart rate in a free-swimming marine teleost, Gadus morhua. ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA 1973; 88:533-40. [PMID: 4148788 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1973.tb05482.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
49
|
Davies DT, Rankin JC. Adrenergic receptors and vascular responses to catecholamines of perfused dogfish gills. COMPARATIVE AND GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY 1973; 4:139-47. [PMID: 4770272 DOI: 10.1016/0010-4035(73)90032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
50
|
Pickford GE, Srivastava AK, Slicher AM, Pang PK. The stress response in the abundance of circulating leucocytes in the killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus. II. The role of catecholamines. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY 1971; 177:97-108. [PMID: 5569242 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1401770111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|