1
|
Hyatt JPK, Lu EJ, McCall GE. Temporal expression of mitochondrial life cycle markers during acute and chronic overload of rat plantaris muscles. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1420276. [PMID: 39282091 PMCID: PMC11392739 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1420276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle hypertrophy is generally associated with a fast-to-slow phenotypic adaptation in both human and rodent models. Paradoxically, this phenotypic shift is not paralleled by a concomitant increase in mitochondrial content and aerobic markers that would be expected to accompany a slow muscle phenotype. To understand the temporal response of the mitochondrial life cycle (i.e., biogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, fission/fusion, and mitophagy/autophagy) to hypertrophic stimuli, in this study, we used the functional overload (FO) model in adult female rats and examined the plantaris muscle responses at 1 and 10 weeks. As expected, the absolute plantaris muscle mass increased by ∼12 and 26% at 1 and 10 weeks following the FO procedure, respectively. Myosin heavy-chain isoform types I and IIa significantly increased by 116% and 17%, respectively, in 10-week FO plantaris muscles. Although there was a general increase in protein markers associated with mitochondrial biogenesis in acute FO muscles, this response was unexpectedly sustained under 10-week FO conditions after muscle hypertrophy begins to plateau. Furthermore, the early increase in mito/autophagy markers observed under acute FO conditions was normalized by 10 weeks, suggesting a cellular environment favoring mitochondrial biogenesis to accommodate the aerobic demands of the plantaris muscle. We also observed a significant increase in the expression of mitochondrial-, but not nuclear-, encoded oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) proteins and peptides (i.e., humanin and MOTS-c) under chronic, but not acute, FO conditions. Taken together, the temporal response of markers related to the mitochondrial life cycle indicates a pattern of promoting biogenesis and mitochondrial protein expression to support the energy demands and/or enhanced neural recruitment of chronically overloaded skeletal muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jon-Philippe K Hyatt
- College of Integrative Sciences and Arts, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Emilie J Lu
- College of Integrative Sciences and Arts, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Gary E McCall
- Department of Exercise Science, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Barnouin Y, McPhee JS, Butler‐Browne G, Bosutti A, De Vito G, Jones DA, Narici M, Behin A, Hogrel J, Degens H. Coupling between skeletal muscle fiber size and capillarization is maintained during healthy aging. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2017; 8:647-659. [PMID: 28382740 PMCID: PMC5566646 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As muscle capillarization is related to the oxidative capacity of the muscle and the size of muscle fibres, capillary rarefaction may contribute to sarcopenia and functional impairment in older adults. Therefore, it is important to assess how ageing affects muscle capillarization and the interrelationship between fibre capillary supply with the oxidative capacity and size of the fibres. METHODS Muscle biopsies from healthy recreationally active young (22 years; 14 men and 5 women) and older (74 years; 22 men and 6 women) people were assessed for muscle capillarization and the distribution of capillaries with the method of capillary domains. Oxidative capacity of muscle fibres was assessed with quantitative histochemistry for succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity. RESULTS There was no significant age-related reduction in muscle fibre oxidative capacity. Despite 18% type II fibre atrophy (P = 0.019) and 23% fewer capillaries per fibre (P < 0.002) in the old people, there was no significant difference in capillary distribution between young and old people, irrespective of sex. The capillary supply to a fibre was primarily determined by fibre size and only to a small extent by oxidative capacity, irrespective of age and sex. Based on SDH, the maximal oxygen consumption supported by a capillary did not differ significantly between young and old people. CONCLUSIONS The similar quantitative and qualitative distribution of capillaries within muscle from healthy recreationally active older people and young adults indicates that the age-related capillary rarefaction, which does occur, nevertheless maintains the coupling between skeletal muscle fibre size and capillarization during healthy ageing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoann Barnouin
- School of Healthcare ScienceManchester Metropolitan UniversityChester StreetManchesterM1 5GDUK
| | - Jamie S. McPhee
- School of Healthcare ScienceManchester Metropolitan UniversityChester StreetManchesterM1 5GDUK
| | - Gillian Butler‐Browne
- Institut de Myologie, UPMC UM 76, INSERM U 974, CNRS UMR 7215Pitle‐Salpetriere Hospital47‐83 Boulevard de l'Hopital 75013ParisFrance
| | - Alessandra Bosutti
- School of Healthcare ScienceManchester Metropolitan UniversityChester StreetManchesterM1 5GDUK
- Istituto di Anatomia Patologica, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e della SaluteUniversity of Trieste, Cattinara HospitalStrada di Fiume 44734149TriesteItaly
| | - Giuseppe De Vito
- Physiotherapy & Sports Science, Health Sciences CentreSchool of Public HealthBelfieldDublin 4D04 V1W8Ireland
| | - David A. Jones
- School of Healthcare ScienceManchester Metropolitan UniversityChester StreetManchesterM1 5GDUK
| | - Marco Narici
- Division of Medical Sciences & Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, MRC‐ARUK Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Derby Royal HospitalUniversity of NottinghamUttoxeter RoadDerbyDE22 3DTUK
| | - Anthony Behin
- AP‐HP—Centre de Référence de Pathologies Neuromusculaire Paris Est—Institut de MyologieParisFrance
| | - Jean‐Yves Hogrel
- Institut de Myologie, UPMC UM 76, INSERM U 974, CNRS UMR 7215Pitle‐Salpetriere Hospital47‐83 Boulevard de l'Hopital 75013ParisFrance
| | - Hans Degens
- School of Healthcare ScienceManchester Metropolitan UniversityChester StreetManchesterM1 5GDUK
- Lithuanian Sports University6 Sporto StLT‐44221KaunasLithuania
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Roy RR, Zhong H, Siengthai B, Edgerton VR. Activity-dependent influences are greater for fibers in rat medial gastrocnemius than tibialis anterior muscle. Muscle Nerve 2005; 32:473-82. [PMID: 15962333 DOI: 10.1002/mus.20369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscles are highly adaptive to changes in loading or activation. A model of neuromuscular inactivity (spinal cord isolation, SI) was used to determine the role of activity-independent and -dependent neural influences on the size and myonuclei number in type-identified fibers of a fast extensor (medial gastrocnemius, MG) and flexor (tibialis anterior, TA) rat muscle. Fibers were categorized based on myosin heavy chain isoform composition. Four days after SI, all fiber types tended to atrophy and lose myonuclei, with the percent loss of myonuclei being disproportionately less than the decrease in fiber size. At 60 days after SI, all fiber types in MG and the fastest fibers in TA were significantly smaller and had fewer myonuclei than control. The disproportionate amount of atrophy resulted in a smaller myonuclear domain. These effects were greater in MG than TA, indicating that activity-dependent influences were greater in the extensor than flexor. The smaller myonuclear domains after a period of chronic inactivity suggest the presence of intrinsic mechanisms operating to maintain the genetic material necessary to recover from atrophic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roland R Roy
- Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 951761, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nakatani T, Nakashima T, Kita T, Ishihara A. Cell Size and Oxidative Enzyme Activity of Type-Identified Fibers in Rat Hindlimb Muscles: a Review. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2003. [DOI: 10.1267/ahc.36.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Nakatani
- Department of Pharmacology, Nara Medical University
- Human Performance and Exercise Prescription Laboratory, Tenri University
| | | | - Taizo Kita
- Department of Pharmacology, Nara Medical University
- Department of Pharmacology, Daiichi College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Akihiko Ishihara
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Faculty of Integrated Human Studies, Kyoto University
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Spitz F, Benbacer L, Sabourin JC, Salminen M, Chen F, Cywiner C, Kahn A, Chatelet F, Maire P, Daegelen D. Fiber-type specific and position-dependent expression of a transgene in limb muscles. Differentiation 2002; 70:457-67. [PMID: 12366383 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-0436.2002.700808.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that the proximal sequences of the human aldolase A fast-muscle-specific promoter (pM) are sufficient to target the expression of a linked CAT reporter gene to all fast, glycolytic trunk and limb muscles of transgenic mice (pM310CAT lines) in a manner mimicking the activity of the endogenous mouse promoter. When a NF1-binding site (motif M2) in this proximal regulatory region is mutated, the activity of the corresponding mM2 transgene is strongly affected but only in a some fast muscles. Here we show that the mutation of the M2 motif has only mild effects on pM activity in axial and proximal limb, while it drastically reduces this activity in both fore and hind limb distal muscles. At the cellular level, we show that both the pM310CAT and mM2 transgenes are highly expressed in fast glycolytic 2B fibers. However, by contrast to the pM310CAT transgene, whose expression is mainly restricted to fast glycolytic 2B fibers, the mM2 transgene is also active in a high proportion of 2X fibers. This result suggests that the M2 sequence could play a role in restricting the expression of pM to the 2B fibers. The variable expression of the mM2 transgene along the limb axis already exists at post-natal day 10 and seems to result from a change in the proportion of expressing fast fibers per muscle. Altogether, these results suggest that, although considered as phenotypically similar, different populations of fast glycolytic fibers exist, in which the requirement of the NF1 activity for pM expression varies according to the proximal versus distal position of the muscle along the limb axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- François Spitz
- INSERM U567, CNRS UMR 8104, Institut Cochin; Department Génétique, Développement et Pathologie Moléculaire, Universiteé René Descartes Paris V, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014 Paris
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Oliven A, Carmi N, Coleman R, Odeh M, Silbermann M. Age-related changes in upper airway muscles morphological and oxidative properties. Exp Gerontol 2001; 36:1673-86. [PMID: 11672988 DOI: 10.1016/s0531-5565(01)00127-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder of the middle aged and elderly. It results from the decrease in upper airway muscle (UAM) tone that occurs during sleep. It is unclear whether age-related changes in UAM could constitute a contributory mechanism to the increased prevalence of OSA with increasing age, and previous papers evaluating the effects of aging on UAM in rats reported conflicting results. In the present study, we compared, in four age groups of Wistar rats (6-24 months), fiber-type distribution, mean cross-sectional fiber area and succinate dehydrogenase optical density of dilating and non-dilating UAM, and the diaphragm. Succinate dehydrogenase optical density, a marker of oxidative capacity, decreased significantly after the age of 6 months in all muscles (except for the sternohyoid), particularly in the genioglossus, the main tongue protrudor. In this muscle, we also found a significant decrease in type IIa and an increase in IIb fibers after the age of 18 months. Age-related changes in fiber-type distribution in other muscles were mostly insignificant. Dilating UAM could not be distinguished from their non-dilating neighboring muscles by their histochemical properties or aging-related changes. The aging-related changes observed in the present study may decrease UAM endurance, particularly that of the main tongue protrudor, the genioglossus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Oliven
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Golomb Str. 47, Haifa 34466, Israel.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kopsidas G, Kovalenko SA, Heffernan DR, Yarovaya N, Kramarova L, Stojanovski D, Borg J, Islam MM, Caragounis A, Linnane AW. Tissue mitochondrial DNA changes. A stochastic system. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2000; 908:226-43. [PMID: 10911962 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06650.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence support the view that the bioenergetic function of the mitochondria in postmitotic tissue deteriorates during normal aging. Skeletal muscle is one such tissue that undergoes age-related fiber loss and atrophy and an age-associated rise in the number of cytochrome c oxidase (COX) deficient fibers. With such metabolic pressure placed on skeletal muscle it would be an obvious advantage to supplement the cellular requirement for energy by up-regulating glycolysis, and alternative pathway for energy synthesis. Analysis of rat skeletal muscle utilizing antibodies directed against key enzymes involved in glycolysis has provided evidence of an age-associated increase in the enzymes involved in glycolysis. Fructose-6-phosphate kinase, aldolase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and pyruvate kinase protein levels appeared to increase in the soleus, gracilis, and quadriceps muscle from aged rats. The increase in the level of these proteins appeared to correlate to a corresponding decrease in the amount of cytochrome c oxidase protein measured in the same tissue. Together these results are interpreted to represent a general upregulation of glycolysis that occurs in response to the age-associated decrease in mitochondrial energy capacity. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage and mutations may accumulate with advancing age until they reach a threshold level were they impinge on the bioenergy capacity of the cell or tissue. Evidence indicates that mtDNA from the skeletal muscle of both aged rats and humans not only undergoes changes at the nucleotide sequence level (mutations and DNA damage), but also undergoes modifications at the tertiary level to generate unique age-related conformational mtDNA species. One particular age-related conformational form was only detected in aged rat tissues with high demands on respiration, specifically in heart, kidney, soleus muscle, and, to a lesser extent, the quadriceps muscle. The age-related form was not detected in gracilis muscle which is predominantly dependent upon glycolysis with regard to its energy requirements. Finally, a comprehensive hypothesis is presented that features the stochastic nature of the mitochondrial system. The basis of the hypothesis is that a dynamic relationship exists between endogenous mutagen production, DNA repair, mtDNA turnover, and nuclear control of mtDNA copy number and that age-associated changes in the dynamics of this relationship lead to a loss of functional full-length mtDNA that eventually leads to bioenergy decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Kopsidas
- Centre for Molecular Biology & Medicine, Epworth Medical Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nakatani T, Nakashima T, Kita T, Hirofuji C, Itoh K, Itoh M, Ishihara A. Succinate dehydrogenase activities of fibers in the rat extensor digitorum longus, soleus, and cardiac muscles. ARCHIVES OF HISTOLOGY AND CYTOLOGY 1999; 62:393-9. [PMID: 10596950 DOI: 10.1679/aohc.62.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activities and cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of different types of fibers in the superficial (EDLs) and deep (EDLd) regions of the extensor digitorum longus and soleus (SOL) muscles and the left ventricular muscle of the heart (HEART) of 10-week-old male rats were determined using quantitative histochemistry and a computer-assisted image processing system. The fibers were classified as type I, type IIA, type IIB, or type IIC according to their histochemically assessed adenosine triphosphatase activities. The mean SDH activity was higher and the mean CSA was smaller in type IIA fibers than in type IIB fibers in both the EDLs and EDLd. The mean SDH activity of type IIA fibers in the SOL was higher than that of type I fibers. Fibers in the HEART showed the highest mean SDH activity and the smallest mean CSA among all fiber types in the muscles examined. There was an inverse correlation between CSA and SDH activity for the different fiber types in different muscles. These data suggest that the SDH activity of fibers in muscle is fiber type- and size-specific, and that the highest SDH activity of fibers in the left ventricular muscle of the heart contributes to their functional properties, i.e., high fatigue resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Nakatani
- Department of Pharmacology, Nara Medical University, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Costa PD, Toyama MH, Marangoni S, Rodrigues-Simioni L, da Cruz-Höfling MA. Effects of Bothrops pirajai venom on the mouse extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle preparation. Toxicon 1999; 37:1143-53. [PMID: 10400298 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-0101(98)00250-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The effects of Bothrops pirajai snake venom on the mouse extensor digitorum longus (EDL) preparation were examined using myographic, histopathological and biochemical approaches. B. pirajai venom (10, 25 or 50 microg/ml) dose dependently and irreversibly blocked the contractile response of indirectly stimulated EDL muscle. Histopathological analysis of EDL muscle incubated with venom showed dose-dependent damage with a loss of the normal tissue structure and the appearance of highly dark, edematous fibers together with myofibrils in various stages of condensation. At high doses of venom (50 microg/ml), loss of muscle cells was observed. In non-stimulated EDL, B. pirajai venom (10 and 50 microg/ml) caused a time-dependent release of CK which was maximal after 120 min. These results suggest that a component(s) present in the B. pirajai venom has a direct myolytic action on the skeletal muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P D Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Melo PA, Ownby CL. Different sensitivity of fast- and slow-twitch muscles to some snake venoms and myotoxins. Toxicon 1996; 34:653-69. [PMID: 8817811 DOI: 10.1016/0041-0101(96)00015-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We examined the effect of some crude snake venoms, isolated toxins and non-specific cytotoxic agents on isolated extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus (SOL) muscles of the mouse. The muscles were continuously perfused with a physiological saline solution. Crude venoms from Crotalus viridis viridis, Agkistrodon contortrix laticinctus and Notechis scutatus scutatus were tested at a concentration of 25-50 micrograms ml-1. The increase in the rate of creatine kinase (CK) release (above basal levels) induced in each muscle by each venom or toxin was measured. Also, the myotoxic effect of these agents was investigated with the light microscope. EDL and SOL had the same range of basal rate of CK release (0.30 +/- 0.06 U g-1 hr-1, N = 26), weight (7-10 mg) and content of CK (717.18 +/- 80.19 U g-1 and 501.00 +/- 62.28 U g-1, N = 8), but they had a different sensitivity to the myotoxic action of the tested venoms. The rate of CK release in EDL muscles was in the range of 24-60 U g-1 hr-1 after 60 min of exposure to 25 micrograms ml-1 of each crude venom, whereas the increase of rate of CK release in the SOL was in the range of 1.5-4.0 U g-1 hr-1. Crotoxin and myotoxin a (10 and 25 micrograms ml-1, respectively) were also more effective in EDL than in SOL muscles. The non-specific cytotoxic agents Triton X-100 (0.01%) and polylysine (100 micrograms ml-1) induced the same increase of rate of CK release in both muscles. The data presented in this article show that isolated murine EDL muscles are more sensitive than SOL to the myotoxic action of some snake venoms and toxins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P A Melo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078-0350, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|